Merge branch 'master' into master

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/integerstreammedian/MedianOfIntegerStream.java

@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ public class MedianOfIntegerStream {
     }
 
     double getMedian() {
-        int median;
+        double median;
         if (minHeap.size() < maxHeap.size()) {
             median = maxHeap.peek();
         } else if (minHeap.size() > maxHeap.size()) {
             median = minHeap.peek();
         } else {
-            median = (minHeap.peek() + maxHeap.peek()) / 2;
+            median = (minHeap.peek() + maxHeap.peek()) / 2.0;
         }
         return median;
     }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/integerstreammedian/MedianOfIntegerStream2.java

@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ public class MedianOfIntegerStream2 {
     }
 
     double getMedian() {
-        int median;
+        double median;
         if (minHeap.size() > maxHeap.size()) {
             median = minHeap.peek();
         } else {
-            median = (minHeap.peek() + maxHeap.peek()) / 2;
+            median = (minHeap.peek() + maxHeap.peek()) / 2.0;
         }
         return median;
     }

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic-2/pom.xml

@@ -13,4 +13,12 @@
         <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+            <version>3.14.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/array/flatarray/FlatArrayUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.flatarray;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+class FlatArrayUnitTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("arrayProvider")
+    void giveTwoDimensionalArray_whenFlatWithStream_thenGetCorrectResult(int[][] initialArray,
+      int[] expected) {
+        int[] actual = Arrays.stream(initialArray).flatMapToInt(Arrays::stream).toArray();
+        assertThat(actual).containsExactly(expected);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("arrayProvider")
+    void giveTwoDimensionalArray_whenFlatWithForLoopAndAdditionalList_thenGetCorrectResult(int[][] initialArray,
+      int[] intArray) {
+        List<Integer> expected = Arrays.stream(intArray).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
+        List<Integer> actual = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            for (int number : numbers) {
+                actual.add(number);
+            }
+        }
+        assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("arrayProvider")
+    void giveTwoDimensionalArray_whenFlatWithForLoopAndLists_thenGetCorrectResult(int[][] initialArray,
+      int[] intArray) {
+        List<Integer> expected = Arrays.stream(intArray).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
+        List<Integer> actual = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.stream(numbers).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
+            actual.addAll(listOfNumbers);
+        }
+        assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("arrayProvider")
+    void giveTwoDimensionalArray_whenFlatWithArrayCopy_thenGetCorrectResult(int[][] initialArray,
+      int[] expected) {
+        int[] actual = new int[]{};
+        int position = 0;
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            if (actual.length < position + numbers.length) {
+                int[] newArray = new int[actual.length + numbers.length];
+                System.arraycopy(actual, 0, newArray, 0, actual.length);
+                actual = newArray;
+            }
+            System.arraycopy(numbers, 0, actual, position, numbers.length);
+            position += numbers.length;
+        }
+        assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("arrayProvider")
+    void giveTwoDimensionalArray_whenFlatWithArrayCopyAndTotalNumberOfElements_thenGetCorrectResult(int[][] initialArray,
+      int[] expected) {
+        int totalNumberOfElements = 0;
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            totalNumberOfElements += numbers.length;
+        }
+        int[] actual = new int[totalNumberOfElements];
+        int position = 0;
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            System.arraycopy(numbers, 0, actual, position, numbers.length);
+            position += numbers.length;
+        }
+        assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("arrayProvider")
+    void giveTwoDimensionalArray_whenFlatWithForLoopAndTotalNumberOfElements_thenGetCorrectResult(int[][] initialArray,
+      int[] expected) {
+        int totalNumberOfElements = 0;
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            totalNumberOfElements += numbers.length;
+        }
+        int[] actual = new int[totalNumberOfElements];
+        int position = 0;
+        for (int[] numbers : initialArray) {
+            for (int number : numbers) {
+                actual[position] = number;
+                ++position;
+            }
+        }
+        assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> arrayProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of(
+            new int[][]{
+              {805, 902, 259, 162, 775},
+              {278, 216, 0, 72, 663},
+              {185, 390, 537, 909, 918},
+              {150, 782, 282, 482, 401},
+              {244, 685, 643, 364, 307},
+              {483, 939, 750, 190, 424},
+              {44, 160, 290, 963, 881}
+            },
+            new int[]{
+              805, 902, 259, 162, 775,
+              278, 216, 0, 72, 663,
+              185, 390, 537, 909, 918,
+              150, 782, 282, 482, 401,
+              244, 685, 643, 364, 307,
+              483, 939, 750, 190, 424,
+              44, 160, 290, 963, 881
+            }
+          )
+        );
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/array/smallestindex/SmallestElementIndexUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.smallestindex;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+class SmallestElementIndexUnitTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingForLoop_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int minValue = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        int minIndex = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+            if (array[i] < minValue) {
+                minValue = array[i];
+                minIndex = i;
+            }
+        }
+        assertThat(minIndex).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingForLoopAndLookForIndex_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int minValue = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        for (int number : array) {
+            if (number < minValue) {
+                minValue = number;
+            }
+        }
+        int minIndex = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+            if (array[i] == minValue) {
+                minIndex = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        assertThat(minIndex).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingIntStreamAndLookForIndex_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int minValue = Arrays.stream(array).min().orElse(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        int minIndex = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+            if (array[i] == minValue) {
+                minIndex = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        assertThat(minIndex).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingIntStreamAndLookForIndexWithIntStream_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int minValue = Arrays.stream(array).min().orElse(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        int minIndex = IntStream.range(0, array.length)
+          .filter(index -> array[index] == minValue)
+          .findFirst().orElse(-1);
+        assertThat(minIndex).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingIntStreamAndLookForIndexWithArrayUtils_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int minValue = Arrays.stream(array).min().orElse(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        int minIndex = ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, minValue);
+        assertThat(minIndex).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("referenceTypesProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingReduce_thenGetCorrectResult(Integer[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int minValue = Arrays.stream(array).reduce(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer::min);
+        int minIndex = ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, minValue);
+        assertThat(minIndex).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("referenceTypesProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingReduceAndList_thenGetCorrectResult(Integer[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(array);
+        int minValue = list.stream().reduce(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer::min);
+        int index = list.indexOf(minValue);
+        assertThat(index).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingReduceWithRange_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        int index = IntStream.range(0, array.length)
+          .reduce((a, b) -> array[a] <= array[b] ? a : b)
+          .orElse(-1);
+        assertThat(index).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("primitiveProvider")
+    void givenArray_whenUsingPrimitiveStreams_thenGetCorrectResult(int[] array, int expectedIndex) {
+        List<Integer> list = Arrays.stream(array).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
+        int minValue = Arrays.stream(array).min().orElse(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        int index = list.indexOf(minValue);
+        assertThat(index).isEqualTo(expectedIndex);
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> primitiveProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of(new int[]{585, 190, 201, 82, 332}, 3),
+          Arguments.of(new int[]{1, 1, 1}, 0),
+          Arguments.of(new int[]{}, -1)
+        );
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> referenceTypesProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of(new Integer[]{585, 190, 201, 82, 332}, 3),
+          Arguments.of(new Integer[]{1, 1, 1}, 0),
+          Arguments.of(new Integer[]{}, -1)
+        );
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-5/README.md

@@ -7,10 +7,8 @@
 - [Creating Custom Iterator in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-creating-custom-iterator)
 - [Difference Between Arrays.sort() and Collections.sort()](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arrays-collections-sort-methods)
 - [Skipping the First Iteration in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-skip-first-iteration)
-- [Remove Elements From a Queue Using Loop](https://www.baeldung.com/java-remove-elements-queue)
 - [Intro to Vector Class in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-vector-guide)
 - [Time Complexity of Java Collections Sort in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-time-complexity-collections-sort)
-- [Check if List Contains at Least One Enum](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-check-enum-presence)
 - [Comparison of for Loops and Iterators](https://www.baeldung.com/java-for-loops-vs-iterators)
 - [PriorityQueue iterator() Method in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-priorityqueue-iterator)
 - [Immutable vs Unmodifiable Collection in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-collection-immutable-unmodifiable-differences)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-6/README.md

@@ -5,4 +5,7 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
 - [Iterator vs forEach() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-iterator-vs-foreach)
 - [Adding Elements to a Collection During Iteration](https://www.baeldung.com/java-add-elements-collection)
+- [Remove Elements From a Queue Using Loop](https://www.baeldung.com/java-remove-elements-queue)
+- [Check if List Contains at Least One Enum](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-check-enum-presence)
+
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-5)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/checkiflistcontainsenum/CheckIfListContainsEnumUnitTest.java

@@ -1,57 +1,57 @@
-package com.baeldung.checkiflistcontainsenum;
+package com.baeldung.checkiflistcontainsenum;
-
+
-import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.Test;
-
+
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.*;
-
+
-public class CheckIfListContainsEnumUnitTest {
+public class CheckIfListContainsEnumUnitTest {
-    private final List<Map<String, Object>> data = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<Map<String, Object>> data = new ArrayList<>();
-
+
-    public CheckIfListContainsEnumUnitTest() {
+    public CheckIfListContainsEnumUnitTest() {
-        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
-        map.put("Name", "John");
+        map.put("Name", "John");
-        map.put("Age", 25);
+        map.put("Age", 25);
-        map.put("Position", Position.DEVELOPER);
+        map.put("Position", Position.DEVELOPER);
-
+
-        data.add(map);
+        data.add(map);
-    }
+    }
-
+
-    @Test
+    @Test
-    public void givenDataList_whenUsingLoop_thenCheckIfListContainsEnum() {
+    public void givenDataList_whenUsingLoop_thenCheckIfListContainsEnum() {
-        boolean containsEnumValue = false;
+        boolean containsEnumValue = false;
-
+
-        for (Map<String, Object> entry : data) {
+        for (Map<String, Object> entry : data) {
-            Object positionValue = entry.get("Position");
+            Object positionValue = entry.get("Position");
-            if (Arrays.asList(Position.values()).contains(positionValue)) {
+            if (Arrays.asList(Position.values()).contains(positionValue)) {
-                containsEnumValue = true;
+                containsEnumValue = true;
-                break;
+                break;
-            }
+            }
-        }
+        }
-
+
-        Assert.assertTrue(containsEnumValue);
+        Assert.assertTrue(containsEnumValue);
-    }
+    }
-
+
-    @Test
+    @Test
-    public void givenDataList_whenUsingStream_thenCheckIfListContainsEnum() {
+    public void givenDataList_whenUsingStream_thenCheckIfListContainsEnum() {
-        boolean containsEnumValue = data.stream()
+        boolean containsEnumValue = data.stream()
-                .map(entry -> entry.get("Position"))
+                .map(entry -> entry.get("Position"))
-                .anyMatch(position -> Arrays.asList(Position.values()).contains(position));
+                .anyMatch(position -> Arrays.asList(Position.values()).contains(position));
-
+
-        Assert.assertTrue(containsEnumValue);
+        Assert.assertTrue(containsEnumValue);
-    }
+    }
-
+
-    @Test
+    @Test
-    public void givenDataList_whenUsingDisjointMethod_thenCheckIfListContainsEnum() {
+    public void givenDataList_whenUsingDisjointMethod_thenCheckIfListContainsEnum() {
-        List<Position> positionValues = data.stream()
+        List<Position> positionValues = data.stream()
-                .map(entry -> (Position) entry.get("Position"))
+                .map(entry -> (Position) entry.get("Position"))
-                .toList();
+                .toList();
-
+
-        boolean containsEnumValue = !Collections.disjoint(Arrays.asList(Position.values()), positionValues);
+        boolean containsEnumValue = !Collections.disjoint(Arrays.asList(Position.values()), positionValues);
-        Assert.assertTrue(containsEnumValue);
+        Assert.assertTrue(containsEnumValue);
-    }
+    }
-
+
-    public enum Position {
+    public enum Position {
-        DEVELOPER, MANAGER, ANALYST
+        DEVELOPER, MANAGER, ANALYST
-    }
+    }
-}
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/removequeueelements/RemoveQueueElementsUnitTest.java

@@ -1,60 +1,60 @@
-package com.baeldung.removequeueelements;
+package com.baeldung.removequeueelements;
-
+
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.Test;
-
+
-import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.Queue;
-
+
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-
+
-public class RemoveQueueElementsUnitTest {
+public class RemoveQueueElementsUnitTest {
-    @Test
+    @Test
-    public void givenQueueWithEvenAndOddNumbers_whenRemovingEvenNumbers_thenOddNumbersRemain() {
+    public void givenQueueWithEvenAndOddNumbers_whenRemovingEvenNumbers_thenOddNumbersRemain() {
-        Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();
+        Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();
-        Queue<Integer> oddElementsQueue = new LinkedList<>();
+        Queue<Integer> oddElementsQueue = new LinkedList<>();
-        queue.add(1);
+        queue.add(1);
-        queue.add(2);
+        queue.add(2);
-        queue.add(3);
+        queue.add(3);
-        queue.add(4);
+        queue.add(4);
-        queue.add(5);
+        queue.add(5);
-
+
-        while (queue.peek() != null) {
+        while (queue.peek() != null) {
-            int element = queue.remove();
+            int element = queue.remove();
-            if (element % 2 != 0) {
+            if (element % 2 != 0) {
-                oddElementsQueue.add(element);
+                oddElementsQueue.add(element);
-            }
+            }
-        }
+        }
-
+
-        assertEquals(3, oddElementsQueue.size());
+        assertEquals(3, oddElementsQueue.size());
-        assertTrue(oddElementsQueue.contains(1));
+        assertTrue(oddElementsQueue.contains(1));
-        assertTrue(oddElementsQueue.contains(3));
+        assertTrue(oddElementsQueue.contains(3));
-        assertTrue(oddElementsQueue.contains(5));
+        assertTrue(oddElementsQueue.contains(5));
-    }
+    }
-
+
-    @Test
+    @Test
-    public void givenStringQueue_whenRemovingStringsThatStartWithA_thenStringElementsRemain() {
+    public void givenStringQueue_whenRemovingStringsThatStartWithA_thenStringElementsRemain() {
-        Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();
+        Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();
-        Queue<String> stringElementsQueue = new LinkedList<>();
+        Queue<String> stringElementsQueue = new LinkedList<>();
-        queue.add("Apple");
+        queue.add("Apple");
-        queue.add("Banana");
+        queue.add("Banana");
-        queue.add("Orange");
+        queue.add("Orange");
-        queue.add("Grape");
+        queue.add("Grape");
-        queue.add("Mango");
+        queue.add("Mango");
-
+
-
+
-        while (queue.peek() != null) {
+        while (queue.peek() != null) {
-            String element = queue.remove();
+            String element = queue.remove();
-            if (!element.startsWith("A")) {
+            if (!element.startsWith("A")) {
-                stringElementsQueue.add(element);
+                stringElementsQueue.add(element);
-            }
+            }
-        }
+        }
-
+
-        assertEquals(4, stringElementsQueue.size());
+        assertEquals(4, stringElementsQueue.size());
-        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Banana"));
+        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Banana"));
-        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Orange"));
+        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Orange"));
-        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Grape"));
+        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Grape"));
-        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Mango"));
+        assertTrue(stringElementsQueue.contains("Mango"));
-    }
+    }
-
+
-}
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/convertdateandzoneddatetime/DateAndZonedDateTimeConverter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.convertdateandzoneddatetime;
+
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class DateAndZonedDateTimeConverter {
+
+    public static Date convertToDate(ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime) {
+        return Date.from(zonedDateTime.toInstant());
+    }
+
+    public static ZonedDateTime convertToZonedDateTime(Date date, ZoneId zone) {
+        return date.toInstant().atZone(zone);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/convertdateandzoneddatetime/DateAndZonedDateTimeConverterUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.convertdateandzoneddatetime;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class DateAndZonedDateTimeConverterUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenZonedDateTime_whenConvertToDate_thenCorrect() {
+        ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("UTC"));
+        Date date = DateAndZonedDateTimeConverter.convertToDate(zdt);
+        assertEquals(Date.from(zdt.toInstant()), date);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDate_whenConvertToZonedDateTime_thenCorrect() {
+        Date date = new Date();
+        ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of("UTC");
+        ZonedDateTime zdt = DateAndZonedDateTimeConverter.convertToZonedDateTime(date, zoneId);
+        assertEquals(date.toInstant().atZone(zoneId), zdt);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/README.md

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ This module contains articles about core java exceptions
 - [Get the Current Stack Trace in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-get-current-stack-trace)
 - [Errors and Exceptions in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-errors-vs-exceptions)
 - [Fix the IllegalArgumentException: No enum const class](https://www.baeldung.com/java-fix-no-enum-const-class)
+- [How to Fix EOFException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-fix-eofexception)
 - [[<-- Prev]](../core-java-exceptions-3)

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/eof/EOFExceptionDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.eof;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+
+public class EOFExceptionDemo {
+    public static void readInput() throws Exception {
+      InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream("123".getBytes());
+      DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(is);
+      while (true) {
+        char value = (char)in.readByte();
+        System.out.println("Input value: " + value);
+      }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/eof/EOFExceptionDemo2.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.eof;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+
+public class EOFExceptionDemo2 {
+    public static void readInput() throws Exception {
+      InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream("123".getBytes());
+      DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(is);
+      while (true) {
+        try {
+          char value = (char)in.readByte();
+          System.out.println("Input value: " + value);
+        } catch (EOFException e) {
+          System.out.println("End of file");
+          break;
+        }
+      }      
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/eof/EOFExceptionDemo3.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.eof;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+
+public class EOFExceptionDemo3 {
+    public static void readInput() {
+        InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream("1 2 3".getBytes());
+        Scanner sc = new Scanner(is);
+        while (sc.hasNextInt()) {
+            int value = sc.nextInt();
+            System.out.println("Input value: " + value);
+        }
+        System.out.println("End of file");
+        sc.close();
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/eof/EOFExceptionDemo2UnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.eof;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class EOFExceptionDemo2UnitTest {
+
+    private final PrintStream standardOut = System.out;
+    private final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStreamCaptor = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() {
+        System.setOut(new PrintStream(outputStreamCaptor));
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public void tearDown() {
+        System.setOut(standardOut);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void readInput()throws Exception {
+        EOFExceptionDemo2.readInput();
+        String expectedOuput = "Input value: 1";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "Input value: 2";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "Input value: 3";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "End of file";
+        assertEquals(expectedOuput, outputStreamCaptor.toString()
+                .trim());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/eof/EOFExceptionDemo3UnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.eof;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class EOFExceptionDemo3UnitTest {
+
+    private final PrintStream standardOut = System.out;
+    private final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStreamCaptor = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() {
+        System.setOut(new PrintStream(outputStreamCaptor));
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public void tearDown() {
+        System.setOut(standardOut);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void readInput() {
+        EOFExceptionDemo3.readInput();
+        String expectedOuput = "Input value: 1";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "Input value: 2";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "Input value: 3";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "End of file";
+        assertEquals(expectedOuput, outputStreamCaptor.toString()
+                .trim());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/eof/EOFExceptionDemoUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.eof;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class EOFExceptionDemoUnitTest {
+
+    private final PrintStream standardOut = System.out;
+    private final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStreamCaptor = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() {
+        System.setOut(new PrintStream(outputStreamCaptor));
+    }
+    
+    @AfterEach
+    public void tearDown() {
+        System.setOut(standardOut);
+    }    
+
+    @Test
+    void readInput_throwsEOFException() {
+        assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> EOFExceptionDemo.readInput());            
+        String expectedOuput = "Input value: 1";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "Input value: 2";
+        expectedOuput += "\n" + "Input value: 3";        
+        assertEquals(expectedOuput, outputStreamCaptor.toString()
+            .trim());     
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-6/README.md

@@ -6,11 +6,9 @@ This module contains articles about core features in the Java language
 
 - [Convert One Enum to Another Enum in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-enums)
 - [What Is the Maximum Depth of the Java Call Stack?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-call-stack-max-depth)
-- [Get a Random Element From a Set in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-set-draw-sample)
 - [Stop Executing Further Code in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stop-running-code)
 - [Using the Apache Commons Lang 3 for Comparing Objects in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-commons-lang-3-compare-objects)
 - [Return First Non-null Value in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-first-non-null)
-- [Compress and Uncompress Byte Array Using Deflater/Inflater](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compress-uncompress-byte-array)
 - [Static Final Variables in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-static-final-variables)
 - [What Is the Error: “Non-static method cannot be referenced from a static context”?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-non-static-method-cannot-be-referenced-from-a-static-context)
 - [Recursively Sum the Integers in an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-recursive-sum-integer-array)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-7/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+## Core Java Lang (Part 7)
+
+This module contains articles about core features in the Java language
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Set an Environment Variable at Runtime in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-set-environment-variable-runtime)
+- [Get a Random Element From a Set in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-set-draw-sample)
+- [Compress and Uncompress Byte Array Using Deflater/Inflater](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compress-uncompress-byte-array)
+
+[[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-6)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-7/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-lang-7</artifactId>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>core-java-lang-7</name>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit-pioneer</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-pioneer</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit.pioneer.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
+            <artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId>
+            <version>${testcontaienr.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+            <version>${testcontaienr.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+    </dependencies>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
+                        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mapstruct/mapstruct-processor -->
+                        <path>
+                            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
+                            <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
+                            <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
+                        </path>
+                        <path>
+                            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+                            <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+                            <version>${jmh.version}</version>
+                        </path>
+                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
+                    <source>14</source>
+                    <target>14</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <properties>
+        <junit.pioneer.version>2.2.0</junit.pioneer.version>
+        <testcontaienr.version>1.19.3</testcontaienr.version>
+        <mapstruct.version>1.6.0.Beta1</mapstruct.version>
+        <jmh.version>1.37</jmh.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/test/java/com/baeldung/testhashcode/HahCodeUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.testhashcode;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class HahCodeUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenObject_whenTestingHashCodeConsistency_thenConsistentHashCodeReturned() {
+        MyClass obj = new MyClass("value");
+        int hashCode1 = obj.hashCode();
+        int hashCode2 = obj.hashCode();
+        assertEquals(hashCode1, hashCode2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoEqualObjects_whenTestingHashCodeEquality_thenEqualHashCodesReturned() {
+        MyClass obj1 = new MyClass("value");
+        MyClass obj2 = new MyClass("value");
+        assertEquals(obj1.hashCode(), obj2.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultipleObjects_whenTestingHashCodeDistribution_thenEvenDistributionOfHashCodes() {
+        List<MyClass> objects = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+            objects.add(new MyClass("value" + i));
+        }
+
+        Set<Integer> hashCodes = new HashSet<>();
+        for (MyClass obj : objects) {
+            hashCodes.add(obj.hashCode());
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(objects.size(), hashCodes.size(), 10);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/test/java/com/baeldung/testhashcode/MyClass.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.testhashcode;
+
+public class MyClass {
+    private String value;
+
+    public MyClass(String value) {
+        this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return value != null ? value.hashCode() : 0;
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-numbers-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/bigdecimalequalvscompare/BigDecimalEqualityUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package com.baeldung.bigdecimalequalvscompare;
+
+import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+class BigDecimalEqualityUnitTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("decimalCompareToProvider")
+    void givenBigDecimals_WhenCompare_ThenGetReasonableResult(BigDecimal fistDecimal,
+      BigDecimal secondDecimal, boolean areComparablySame) {
+        assertEquals(fistDecimal.compareTo(secondDecimal) == 0, areComparablySame);
+    }
+
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("decimalEqualsProvider")
+    void givenBigDecimals_WhenCheckEquality_ThenConsiderPrecision(BigDecimal fistDecimal,
+      BigDecimal secondDecimal, boolean areEqual) {
+        assertEquals(fistDecimal.equals(secondDecimal), areEqual);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("decimalEqualsProvider")
+    void givenBigDecimals_WhenCheckEqualityWithoutTrailingZeros_ThenTheSameAsCompareTo(BigDecimal fistDecimal,
+      BigDecimal secondDecimal) {
+        BigDecimal strippedFirstDecimal = fistDecimal.stripTrailingZeros();
+        BigDecimal strippedSecondDecimal = secondDecimal.stripTrailingZeros();
+        assertEquals(strippedFirstDecimal.equals(strippedSecondDecimal),
+          strippedFirstDecimal.compareTo(strippedSecondDecimal) == 0);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("decimalProvider")
+    void givenListOfDecimals_WhenAddingToHashSet_ThenUsingEquals(List<BigDecimal> decimalList) {
+        Set<BigDecimal> decimalSet = new HashSet<>(decimalList);
+        assertThat(decimalSet).hasSameElementsAs(decimalList);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("decimalProvider")
+    void givenListOfDecimals_WhenAddingToSortedSet_ThenUsingCompareTo(List<BigDecimal> decimalList,
+      List<BigDecimal> expectedDecimalList) {
+        Set<BigDecimal> decimalSet = new TreeSet<>(decimalList);
+        assertThat(decimalSet).hasSameElementsAs(expectedDecimalList);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @CsvSource({
+      "2.0, 2.00",
+      "4.0, 4.00"
+    })
+    void givenNumbersWithDifferentPrecision_WhenPerformingTheSameOperation_TheResultsAreDifferent(
+      String firstNumber, String secondNumber) {
+
+        BigDecimal firstResult = new BigDecimal(firstNumber).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(3), HALF_UP);
+        BigDecimal secondResult = new BigDecimal(secondNumber).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(3), HALF_UP);
+        assertThat(firstResult).isNotEqualTo(secondResult);
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> decimalCompareToProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.1"), new BigDecimal("0.1"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("1.1"), new BigDecimal("1.1"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("1.10"), new BigDecimal("1.1"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.100"), new BigDecimal("0.10000"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.10"), new BigDecimal("0.1000"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.10"), new BigDecimal("0.1001"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.10"), new BigDecimal("0.1010"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.2"), new BigDecimal("0.19999999"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("1.0"), new BigDecimal("1.1"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.01"), new BigDecimal("0.0099999"), false)
+        );
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> decimalEqualsProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.1"), new BigDecimal("0.1"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("1.1"), new BigDecimal("1.1"), true),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("1.10"), new BigDecimal("1.1"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.100"), new BigDecimal("0.10000"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.10"), new BigDecimal("0.1000"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.10"), new BigDecimal("0.1001"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.10"), new BigDecimal("0.1010"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.2"), new BigDecimal("0.19999999"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("1.0"), new BigDecimal("1.1"), false),
+          Arguments.of(new BigDecimal("0.01"), new BigDecimal("0.0099999"), false)
+        );
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> decimalProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(Arguments.of(Arrays.asList(
+            new BigDecimal("1.1"),
+            new BigDecimal("1.10"),
+            new BigDecimal("1.100"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.10"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.100"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.1000"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.2"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.20"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.200")),
+
+          Arrays.asList(
+            new BigDecimal("1.1"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.10"),
+            new BigDecimal("0.2"))));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-numbers-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/comparenumbers/ComparingNumbersOfDifferentClassesUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package com.baeldung.comparenumbers;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
+class ComparingNumbersOfDifferentClassesUnitTest {
+
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"})
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenSameNumbersButDifferentPrimitives_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyEqual(String number) {
+        int integerNumber = Integer.parseInt(number);
+        long longNumber = Long.parseLong(number);
+        assertEquals(longNumber, integerNumber);
+    }
+
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"})
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenSameNumbersButDifferentPrimitivesWithIntegerOverflow_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyNotEqual(String number) {
+        int integerNumber = Integer.MAX_VALUE + Integer.parseInt(number);
+        long longNumber = Integer.MAX_VALUE + Long.parseLong(number);
+        assertNotEquals(longNumber, integerNumber);
+    }
+
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"})
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenSameNumbersButDifferentPrimitivesTypes_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyEqual(String number) {
+        int integerNumber = Integer.parseInt(number);
+        double doubleNumber = Double.parseDouble(number);
+        assertEquals(doubleNumber, integerNumber);
+    }
+
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"})
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenDifferentNumbersButDifferentPrimitivesTypes_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyNotEqual(String number) {
+        int integerNumber = Integer.parseInt(number);
+        double doubleNumber = Double.parseDouble(number) + 0.0000000000001;
+        assertNotEquals(doubleNumber, integerNumber);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenSameNumbersButDifferentPrimitivesWithLongOverflow_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyEqual() {
+        long longValue = BigInteger.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE)
+          .add(BigInteger.ONE)
+          .multiply(BigInteger.TWO).longValue();
+        int integerValue = BigInteger.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE)
+          .add(BigInteger.ONE).intValue();
+        assertThat(longValue).isEqualTo(integerValue);
+    }
+    @Test
+    void givenSameNumbersButDifferentPrimitivesWithDoubleOverflow_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyEqual() {
+        double firstDoubleValue = BigDecimal.valueOf(Double.MAX_VALUE).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(42)).doubleValue();
+        double secondDoubleValue = BigDecimal.valueOf(Double.MAX_VALUE).doubleValue();
+        assertEquals(firstDoubleValue, secondDoubleValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenSameNumbersWithDoubleRoundingErrors_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyNotEqual() {
+        double doubleValue = 0.3 / 0.1;
+        int integerValue = 30 / 10;
+        assertNotEquals(doubleValue, integerValue);
+    }
+
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"})
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenSameNumbersButDifferentWrappers_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyNotEqual(String number) {
+        Integer integerNumber = Integer.valueOf(number);
+        Long longNumber = Long.valueOf(number);
+        assertNotEquals(longNumber, integerNumber);
+    }
+
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"})
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenSameNumbersButWrapperTypes_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyNotEqual(String number) {
+        Float floatNumber = Float.valueOf(number);
+        Integer integerNumber = Integer.valueOf(number);
+        assertNotEquals(floatNumber, integerNumber);
+    }
+
+    @MethodSource("numbersWithDifferentScaleProvider")
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenBigDecimalsWithDifferentScale_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyNotEqual(String firstNumber,
+      String secondNumber) {
+        BigDecimal firstBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(firstNumber);
+        BigDecimal secondBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(secondNumber);
+
+        assertNotEquals(firstBigDecimal, secondBigDecimal);
+    }
+
+    @MethodSource("numbersWithDifferentScaleProvider")
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenBigDecimalsWithDifferentScale_WhenCompare_ThenTheyEqual(String firstNumber,
+      String secondNumber) {
+        BigDecimal firstBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(firstNumber);
+        BigDecimal secondBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(secondNumber);
+
+        assertEquals(0, firstBigDecimal.compareTo(secondBigDecimal));
+    }
+
+    @MethodSource("numbersWithDifferentScaleProvider")
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenBigDecimalsWithDifferentScale_WhenCompareWithAssertJ_ThenTheyEqual(String firstNumber,
+      String secondNumber) {
+        BigDecimal firstBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(firstNumber);
+        BigDecimal secondBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(secondNumber);
+
+        assertThat(firstBigDecimal).isEqualByComparingTo(secondBigDecimal);
+    }
+
+
+    @MethodSource("numbersWithSameScaleProvider")
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenBigDecimalsWithSameScale_WhenCheckEquality_ThenTheyEqual(String firstNumber,
+      String secondNumber) {
+        BigDecimal firstBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(firstNumber);
+        BigDecimal secondBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(secondNumber);
+
+        assertEquals(firstBigDecimal, secondBigDecimal);
+    }
+
+    @MethodSource("numbersWithSameScaleProvider")
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    void givenBigDecimalsWithSameScale_WhenCompare_ThenTheyEqual(String firstNumber,
+      String secondNumber) {
+        BigDecimal firstBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(firstNumber);
+        BigDecimal secondBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(secondNumber);
+
+        assertEquals(0, firstBigDecimal.compareTo(secondBigDecimal));
+    }
+
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> numbersWithDifferentScaleProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of("0", "0.0"), Arguments.of("1", "1.0"),
+          Arguments.of("2", "2.0"), Arguments.of("3", "3.0"),
+          Arguments.of("4", "4.0"), Arguments.of("5", "5.0"),
+          Arguments.of("6", "6.0"), Arguments.of("7", "7.0")
+        );
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> numbersWithSameScaleProvider() {
+        return Stream.of(
+          Arguments.of("0", "0"), Arguments.of("1", "1"),
+          Arguments.of("2", "2"), Arguments.of("3", "3"),
+          Arguments.of("4", "4"), Arguments.of("5", "5"),
+          Arguments.of("6", "6"), Arguments.of("7", "7")
+        );
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-string-operations-7/README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 - [Check if a String Contains a Number Value in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-number-presence)
 - [String’s Maximum Length in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-strings-maximum-length)
 - [Java’s String.length() and String.getBytes().length](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-length-vs-getbytes-length)
-- [Check If a Java StringBuilder Object Contains a Character](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-stringbuilder-object-contains-character)
 - [Comparing One String With Multiple Values in One Expression in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compare-string-multiple-values-one-expression)
 - [Regular Expression for Password Validation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-regex-password-validation)
 - [Mask an Email Address and Phone Number in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-mask-email-address-phone-number)

core-java-modules/core-java-string-operations-9/README.md

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@
 - [UTF-8 Validation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-utf-8-validation)
 - [Simple Morse Code Translation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-morse-code-english-translate)
 - [How to Determine if a String Contains Invalid Encoded Characters](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-string-contains-invalid-encoded-characters)
+- [Check If a Java StringBuilder Object Contains a Character](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-stringbuilder-object-contains-character)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../core-java-string-operations-8)

core-java-modules/core-java-string-operations-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/LastOccurrenceFinder/LastOccurrenceFinderUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.LastOccurrenceFinder;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class LastOccurrenceFinderUnitTest {
+    String str = "Welcome to Baeldung";
+    char target = 'e';
+    int n = 2;
+    int expectedIndex = 6;
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenStringAndCharAndN_whenFindingNthLastOccurrence_thenCorrectIndexReturned() {
+        int count = 0;
+        int index = -1;
+        for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (str.charAt(i) == target) {
+                count++;
+                if (count == n) {
+                    index = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(expectedIndex, index);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenStringAndCharAndN_whenFindingNthLastOccurrenceUsingStreams_thenCorrectIndexReturned() {
+
+        OptionalInt result = IntStream.range(0, str.length())
+                .map(i -> str.length() - 1 - i)
+                .filter(i -> str.charAt(i) == target)
+                .skip(n - 1)
+                .findFirst();
+        int index = result.orElse(-1);
+        assertEquals(expectedIndex, index);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-string-operations-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hashmapcharactercount/HashMapCharacterCountUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.hashmapcharactercount;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class HashMapCharacterCountUnitTest {
+    String str = "abcaadcbcb";
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenString_whenUsingStreams_thenVerifyCounts() {
+        Map<Character, Integer> charCount = str.chars()
+                .boxed()
+                .collect(toMap(
+                        k -> (char) k.intValue(),
+                        v -> 1,
+                        Integer::sum));
+
+        assertEquals(3, charCount.get('a').intValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenString_whenUsingLooping_thenVerifyCounts() {
+        Map<Character, Integer> charCount = new HashMap<>();
+        for (char c : str.toCharArray()) {
+            charCount.merge(c,
+                    1,
+                    Integer::sum);
+        }
+        assertEquals(3, charCount.get('a').intValue());
+    }
+
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-string-operations-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringbuilderhaschar/CheckIfStringBuilderContainsCharUnitTest.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.baeldung.stringbuilderhaschar;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 public class CheckIfStringBuilderContainsCharUnitTest {
 

core-java-modules/pom.xml

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@
         <module>core-java-lang-4</module>
         <module>core-java-lang-5</module>
         <module>core-java-lang-6</module>
+        <module>core-java-lang-7</module>
         <module>core-java-lang-math</module>
         <module>core-java-lang-math-2</module>
         <module>core-java-lang-math-4</module>

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#
+# https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings/
+#
+# Linux start script should use lf
+/gradlew        text eol=lf
+
+# These are Windows script files and should use crlf
+*.bat           text eol=crlf
+

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Ignore Gradle project-specific cache directory
+.gradle
+
+# Ignore Gradle build output directory
+build

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+## Relevant Articles

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+buildscript {
+    dependencies {
+        classpath libs.avro.tools
+    }
+}
+
+plugins {
+    id 'java'
+    alias libs.plugins.avro
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation libs.avro
+    // Use JUnit Jupiter for testing.
+    testImplementation libs.junit.jupiter
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
+
+}
+
+import org.apache.avro.tool.SpecificCompilerTool
+
+sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_21
+targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_21
+
+def avroSchemasDir = "src/main/custom"
+def avroCodeGenerationDir = "build/generated-main-avro-custom-java"
+
+// Add the generated Avro Java code to the Gradle source files.
+sourceSets.main.java.srcDirs += [avroCodeGenerationDir]
+
+tasks.register('customAvroCodeGeneration') {
+    // Define the task inputs and outputs for the Gradle up-to-date checks.
+    inputs.dir(avroSchemasDir)
+    outputs.dir(avroCodeGenerationDir)
+    // The Avro code generation logs to the standard streams. Redirect the standard streams to the Gradle log.
+    logging.captureStandardOutput(LogLevel.INFO);
+    logging.captureStandardError(LogLevel.ERROR)
+    doLast {
+        // Run the Avro code generation.
+        new SpecificCompilerTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, List.of(
+                "-encoding", "UTF-8",
+                "-string",
+                "-fieldVisibility", "private",
+                "-noSetters",
+                "schema", "$projectDir/$avroSchemasDir".toString(), "$projectDir/$avroCodeGenerationDir".toString()
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+tasks.withType(JavaCompile).configureEach {
+    // Make Java compilation tasks depend on the Avro code generation task.
+    dependsOn('customAvroCodeGeneration')
+}
+
+tasks.named('test') {
+    // Use JUnit Platform for unit tests.
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+}

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/gradle/libs.versions.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+# https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/platforms.html#sub::toml-dependencies-format
+
+[versions]
+junit-jupiter = "5.10.0"
+avro = "1.11.0"
+
+[libraries]
+junit-jupiter = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter", version.ref = "junit-jupiter" }
+avro = {module = "org.apache.avro:avro", version.ref = "avro"}
+avro-tools = {module = "org.apache.avro:avro-tools", version.ref = "avro"}
+
+[plugins]
+avro = { id = "com.github.davidmc24.gradle.plugin.avro", version = "1.9.1" }

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.5-bin.zip
+networkTimeout=10000
+validateDistributionUrl=true
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/gradlew

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+#
+# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+##############################################################################
+#
+#   Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
+#
+#   Important for running:
+#
+#   (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
+#       noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
+#       bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
+#       command line, like:
+#
+#           ksh Gradle
+#
+#       Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
+#       requires all of these POSIX shell features:
+#         * functions;
+#         * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
+#           «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
+#         * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
+#         * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
+#
+#   Important for patching:
+#
+#   (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
+#       by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
+#
+#       The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
+#       space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
+#       problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
+#       options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
+#
+#       Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
+#       and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
+#       see the in-line comments for details.
+#
+#       There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
+#       Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
+#
+#   (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
+#       https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/HEAD/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
+#       within the Gradle project.
+#
+#       You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
+#
+##############################################################################
+
+# Attempt to set APP_HOME
+
+# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
+app_path=$0
+
+# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
+while
+    APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"}  # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
+    [ -h "$app_path" ]
+do
+    ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
+    link=${ls#*' -> '}
+    case $link in             #(
+      /*)   app_path=$link ;; #(
+      *)    app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# This is normally unused
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
+# Discard cd standard output in case $CDPATH is set (https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/25036)
+APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && pwd -P ) || exit
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
+MAX_FD=maximum
+
+warn () {
+    echo "$*"
+} >&2
+
+die () {
+    echo
+    echo "$*"
+    echo
+    exit 1
+} >&2
+
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false
+msys=false
+darwin=false
+nonstop=false
+case "$( uname )" in                #(
+  CYGWIN* )         cygwin=true  ;; #(
+  Darwin* )         darwin=true  ;; #(
+  MSYS* | MINGW* )  msys=true    ;; #(
+  NONSTOP* )        nonstop=true ;;
+esac
+
+CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
+if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
+        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
+    else
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
+    fi
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+else
+    JAVACMD=java
+    if ! command -v java >/dev/null 2>&1
+    then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
+if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
+    case $MAX_FD in #(
+      max*)
+        # In POSIX sh, ulimit -H is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
+        MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
+            warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
+    esac
+    case $MAX_FD in  #(
+      '' | soft) :;; #(
+      *)
+        # In POSIX sh, ulimit -n is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
+        ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
+            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
+#   * args from the command line
+#   * the main class name
+#   * -classpath
+#   * -D...appname settings
+#   * --module-path (only if needed)
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.
+
+# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
+    APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
+    CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )
+
+    JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )
+
+    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+    for arg do
+        if
+            case $arg in                                #(
+              -*)   false ;;                            # don't mess with options #(
+              /?*)  t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*}              # looks like a POSIX filepath
+                    [ -e "$t" ] ;;                      #(
+              *)    false ;;
+            esac
+        then
+            arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
+        fi
+        # Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
+        # args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
+        # possibly modified.
+        #
+        # NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
+        # changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
+        # iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
+        shift                   # remove old arg
+        set -- "$@" "$arg"      # push replacement arg
+    done
+fi
+
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command:
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments,
+#     and any embedded shellness will be escaped.
+#   * For example: A user cannot expect ${Hostname} to be expanded, as it is an environment variable and will be
+#     treated as '${Hostname}' itself on the command line.
+
+set -- \
+        "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
+        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+        org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
+        "$@"
+
+# Stop when "xargs" is not available.
+if ! command -v xargs >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    die "xargs is not available"
+fi
+
+# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
+#
+# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
+#
+# In Bash we could simply go:
+#
+#   readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
+#   set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
+#
+# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
+# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
+# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
+# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
+# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
+#
+# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
+# an unmatched quote.
+#
+
+eval "set -- $(
+        printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
+        xargs -n1 |
+        sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
+        tr '\n' ' '
+    )" '"$@"'
+
+exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/gradlew.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+@rem
+@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
+@rem
+@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@rem
+@rem      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@rem
+@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+@rem limitations under the License.
+@rem
+
+@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off
+@rem ##########################################################################
+@rem
+@rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
+@rem
+@rem ##########################################################################
+
+@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
+
+set DIRNAME=%~dp0
+if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=.
+@rem This is normally unused
+set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
+set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
+
+@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter.
+for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi
+
+@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"
+
+@rem Find java.exe
+if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
+
+set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
+%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:findJavaFromJavaHome
+set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
+set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
+
+if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:execute
+@rem Setup the command line
+
+set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+@rem Execute Gradle
+"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %*
+
+:end
+@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd
+
+:fail
+rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
+rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
+set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL%
+if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1
+if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE%
+exit /b %EXIT_CODE%
+
+:mainEnd
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
+
+:omega

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/settings.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+rootProject.name = 'gradle-avro'
+

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/src/main/avro/user.avsc

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "User",
+  "namespace": "avro",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "firstName",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "lastName",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "phoneNumber",
+      "type": "string"
+    }
+  ]
+}

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/src/main/custom/pet.avsc

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "Pet",
+  "namespace": "custom.avro",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "petId",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "name",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "species",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "age",
+      "type": "int"
+    }
+  ]
+}

gradle-modules/gradle-customization/gradle-avro/src/test/java/com.baeldung.avro/AvroCodeGenerationUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.avro;
+
+import avro.User;
+import custom.avro.Pet;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class AvroCodeGenerationUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void givenUserData_whenJavaClassGeneratedWithPlugin_thenDataShouldMatch() {
+        final String firstName = "John";
+        final String lastName = "Doe";
+        final String phoneNumber = "+380659443235";
+
+        User user = User.newBuilder()
+                .setFirstName(firstName)
+                .setLastName(lastName)
+                .setPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)
+                .build();
+
+        assertEquals(firstName, user.getFirstName());
+        assertEquals(lastName, user.getLastName());
+        assertEquals(phoneNumber, user.getPhoneNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenUserData_whenJavaClassGeneratedWithTask_thenDataShouldMatch() {
+        final String petId = "123";
+        final String name = "Fluffy";
+        final String species = "Cat";
+        final int age = 3;
+
+        Pet pet = Pet.newBuilder()
+                .setPetId(petId)
+                .setName(name)
+                .setSpecies(species)
+                .setAge(age)
+                .build();
+
+        assertEquals(petId, pet.getPetId());
+        assertEquals(name, pet.getName());
+        assertEquals(species, pet.getSpecies());
+        assertEquals(age, pet.getAge());
+    }
+}

image-processing/src/main/java/com/baeldung/imageprocessing/imagetobufferedimage/ImageToBufferedImage.java

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.imageprocessing.imagetobufferedimage;
 
-import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 import java.awt.*;
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
 
 public class ImageToBufferedImage {
 
@@ -25,17 +22,7 @@ public class ImageToBufferedImage {
         if (image instanceof BufferedImage) {
             return (BufferedImage) image;
         } else {
-            throw new ClassCastException("Image type is not compatible with BufferedImage");
+            throw new ClassCastException("Image type is not compatible with BufferedImage.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Method 3: Using ImageIO Class
-    public BufferedImage convertUsingImageIO(String filePath) throws IOException {
-        try {
-            File file = new File(filePath);
-            return ImageIO.read(file);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            throw new IOException("Error reading image file: " + e.getMessage());
         }
     }
 }

image-processing/src/test/java/com/baeldung/image/resize/imagetobufferedimage/ImageToBufferedImageIntegrationTest.java

@@ -50,20 +50,5 @@ public class ImageToBufferedImageIntegrationTest {
         Image image = new ImageIcon("src/main/resources/images/baeldung.png").getImage();
         converter.convertUsingCasting(image);
     }
-
-    @Test
-    public void whenConvertUsingImageIOWithValidFile_thenImageGeneratedWithoutError() throws IOException {
-        ImageToBufferedImage converter = new ImageToBufferedImage();
-        BufferedImage bufferedImage = converter.convertUsingImageIO("src/main/resources/images/sampleImage.jpg");
-        assertNotNull(bufferedImage);
-        assertEquals(image.getWidth(null), bufferedImage.getWidth());
-        assertEquals(image.getHeight(null), bufferedImage.getHeight());
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = IOException.class)
-    public void whenConvertUsingImageIOWithInvalidFile_thenImageGeneratedWithError() throws IOException {
-        ImageToBufferedImage converter = new ImageToBufferedImage();
-        converter.convertUsingImageIO("invalid_file.jpg");
-    }
 }
 

kubernetes-modules/pom.xml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
         <module>k8s-admission-controller</module>
         <module>kubernetes-spring</module>
         <module>k8s-java-heap-dump</module>
-        <module>k8s-operator</module>
+<!--        <module>k8s-operator</module>--> <!-- Migrated to heavy profile -->
     </modules>
 
 </project>

maven-modules/maven-reactor/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>maven-reactor</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>maven-reactor</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>maven-reactor</name>
     <description>Sample multi-module project to explain maven reactor</description>
 
     <parent>

maven-modules/maven-repositories/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>maven-repositories</artifactId>
     <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>maven-repositories</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>maven-repositories</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

maven-modules/maven-simple/parent-project/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>parent-project</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>parent-project</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

maven-modules/maven-simple/parent-project/webapp/pom.xml

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>webapp</artifactId>
-    <name>webapp</name>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
+    <name>webapp</name>
 
     <parent>
         <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>

maven-modules/maven-simple/pom.xml

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>maven-simple</artifactId>
-    <name>maven-simple</name>
     <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>maven-simple</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

maven-modules/maven-surefire-plugin/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>maven-surefire-plugin</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>maven-surefire-plugin</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

maven-modules/maven-war-plugin/pom.xml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
     <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
     <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>maven-war-plugin</name>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
+    <name>maven-war-plugin</name>
 
     <build>
         <plugins>

maven-modules/multimodulemavenproject/pom.xml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
     <groupId>com.baeldung.multimodulemavenproject</groupId>
     <artifactId>multimodulemavenproject</artifactId>
     <version>1.0</version>
-    <name>multimodulemavenproject</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>multimodulemavenproject</name>
 
     <!--
      No <parent> tag since we want the compiler plugin defined

maven-modules/resume-from/business/pom.xml

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@
     <artifactId>business</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>business</name>
+
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
         <artifactId>resume-from</artifactId>
         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

maven-modules/resume-from/lib/pom.xml

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>lib</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>lib</name>
+
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
         <artifactId>resume-from</artifactId>

maven-modules/resume-from/pom.xml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
     <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
     <artifactId>resume-from</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>resume-from</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>resume-from</name>
 
     <modules>
         <module>business</module>

maven-modules/spring-bom/pom.xml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
             </dependency>
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

maven-modules/versions-maven-plugin/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>versions-maven-plugin</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>versions-maven-plugin</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>versions-maven-plugin</name>
 
     <parent>
         <artifactId>maven-modules</artifactId>

messaging-modules/apache-camel/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>org.baeldung.apache.camel</groupId>
     <artifactId>apache-camel</artifactId>
-    <name>apache-camel</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>apache-camel</name>
     <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
     <parent>

messaging-modules/pom.xml

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>messaging-modules</artifactId>
-    <name>messaging-modules</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>messaging-modules</name>
 
     <parent>
         <artifactId>parent-boot-3</artifactId>

messaging-modules/spring-apache-camel/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>org.baeldung.apache.camel</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-apache-camel</artifactId>
-    <name>spring-apache-camel</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>spring-apache-camel</name>
     <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
     <parent>

messaging-modules/spring-jms/pom.xml

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
-    <name>spring-jms</name>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
+    <name>spring-jms</name>
     <description>Introduction to Spring JMS</description>
 
     <parent>

microservices-modules/event-driven-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>io.orkes.demo</groupId>
+    <artifactId>event-driven-microservice</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1</version>
+    <name>event-driven-microservice</name>
+    <description>Demo Project for Orkes Conductor on Spring Boot</description>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
@@ -10,39 +16,26 @@
         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
     </parent>
 
-    <groupId>io.orkes.demo</groupId>
-    <artifactId>event-driven-microservice</artifactId>
-    <version>0.1</version>
-
-    <name>event-driven-microservice</name>
-    <description>Demo Project for Orkes Conductor on Spring Boot</description>
-
-
     <dependencies>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
         </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.orkes.conductor</groupId>
             <artifactId>orkes-conductor-client</artifactId>
             <version>${conductor.client.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
             <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
             <version>${springdoc-openapi-webmvc-ui.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
             <optional>true</optional>
         </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

microservices-modules/helidon/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>com.baeldung.helidon</groupId>
     <artifactId>helidon</artifactId>
-    <name>helidon</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>helidon</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

microservices-modules/micronaut/pom.xml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
     <groupId>com.baeldung.micronaut</groupId>
     <artifactId>micronaut</artifactId>
     <version>0.1</version>
-    <name>micronaut</name>
     <packaging>${packaging}</packaging>
+    <name>micronaut</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

microservices-modules/microprofile/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>microprofile</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>microprofile</name>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
+    <name>microprofile</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

microservices-modules/pom.xml

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>microservices-modules</artifactId>
-    <name>microservices-modules</name>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <name>microservices-modules</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

microservices-modules/rest-express/pom.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>rest-express</artifactId>
     <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>rest-express</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>rest-express</name>
     <description>A Basic, MongoDB-backed Service Suite</description>
     <url>https://github.com/RestExpress/RestExpress-Scaffold</url>
     <!--

muleesb/pom.xml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
     <groupId>com.mycompany</groupId>
     <artifactId>muleesb</artifactId>
     <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>muleesb</name>
     <packaging>mule</packaging>
+    <name>muleesb</name>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

mybatis/pom.xml

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
             <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
             <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
             <version>${h2database.version}</version>
-
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/boot/jdbi/SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
 import com.baeldung.boot.jdbi.dao.CarMakerDao;
 import com.baeldung.boot.jdbi.dao.CarModelDao;
@@ -21,10 +19,9 @@ import com.baeldung.boot.jdbi.service.CarMakerService;
 
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest(classes = {SpringBootJdbiApplication.class, JdbiConfiguration.class})
 @Slf4j
-public class SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest {
+class SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest {
     
     
     @Autowired
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ public class SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest {
     private CarMakerService carMakerService;
  
     @Test
-    public void givenNewCarMaker_whenInsertNewCarMaker_thenSuccess() {
+    void givenNewCarMaker_whenInsertNewCarMaker_thenSuccess() {
         
         assertNotNull(carMakerDao);
         
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ public class SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenNewCarMakers_whenInsertNewCarMakers_thenSuccess() {
+    void givenNewCarMakers_whenInsertNewCarMakers_thenSuccess() {
         
         assertNotNull(carMakerDao);
         
@@ -74,7 +71,7 @@ public class SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest {
     
     
     @Test
-    public void givenExistingCarMaker_whenFindById_thenReturnExistingCarMaker() {
+    void givenExistingCarMaker_whenFindById_thenReturnExistingCarMaker() {
     
         CarMaker maker = carMakerDao.findById(1L);
         assertThat(maker).isNotNull();
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ public class SpringBootJdbiApplicationIntegrationTest {
     }
     
     @Test
-    public void givenExistingCarMaker_whenBulkInsertFails_thenRollback() {
+    void givenExistingCarMaker_whenBulkInsertFails_thenRollback() {
         
         CarMaker maker = carMakerDao.findById(1L);
         CarModel m1 = CarModel.builder()

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/spring/oracle/pooling/SpringOraclePoolingApplicationC3P0LiveTest.java

@@ -4,23 +4,20 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest(classes = {SpringOraclePoolingApplication.class})
 @ActiveProfiles({"oracle-pooling-basic", "c3p0"})
-public class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationC3P0LiveTest {
+class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationC3P0LiveTest {
     
     @Autowired
     private DataSource dataSource;
     
-    @Test    
+    @Test
-    public void givenC3p0Configuration_thenBuildsComboPooledDataSource() {
+    void givenC3p0Configuration_thenBuildsComboPooledDataSource() {
         assertTrue(dataSource instanceof com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource);
     }
 

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/spring/oracle/pooling/SpringOraclePoolingApplicationHikariCPLiveTest.java

@@ -4,23 +4,20 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest(classes = {SpringOraclePoolingApplication.class})
 @ActiveProfiles("oracle-pooling-basic")
-public class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationHikariCPLiveTest {
+class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationHikariCPLiveTest {
     
     @Autowired
     private DataSource dataSource;
     
-    @Test    
+    @Test
-    public void givenHikariCPConfiguration_thenBuildsHikariCP() {
+    void givenHikariCPConfiguration_thenBuildsHikariCP() {
         assertTrue(dataSource instanceof com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource);
     }
 

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/spring/oracle/pooling/SpringOraclePoolingApplicationOracleLiveTest.java

@@ -4,23 +4,20 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest(classes = {SpringOraclePoolingApplication.class})
 @ActiveProfiles({"oracle-pooling-basic", "oracle"})
-public class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationOracleLiveTest {
+class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationOracleLiveTest {
     
     @Autowired
     private DataSource dataSource;
     
-    @Test    
+    @Test
-    public void givenOracleConfiguration_thenBuildsOracleDataSource() {
+    void givenOracleConfiguration_thenBuildsOracleDataSource() {
         assertTrue(dataSource instanceof oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource);
     }
 

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/spring/oracle/pooling/SpringOraclePoolingApplicationOracleUCPLiveTest.java

@@ -4,15 +4,12 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest(classes = {SpringOraclePoolingApplication.class})
 @ActiveProfiles({"oracle-pooling-basic"})
 @TestPropertySource(properties = "spring.datasource.type=oracle.ucp.jdbc.PoolDataSource")
@@ -21,7 +18,7 @@ public class SpringOraclePoolingApplicationOracleUCPLiveTest {
     @Autowired
     private DataSource dataSource;
     
-    @Test    
+    @Test
     public void givenOracleUCPConfiguration_thenBuildsOraclePoolDataSource() {
         assertTrue(dataSource instanceof oracle.ucp.jdbc.PoolDataSource);
     }

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/springboothsqldb/application/tests/CustomerControllerIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.springboothsqldb.application.tests;
 
-import com.baeldung.springboothsqldb.application.entities.Customer;
+
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@@ -17,23 +12,27 @@ import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
 
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+import com.baeldung.springboothsqldb.application.entities.Customer;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
+
 @SpringBootTest
 @AutoConfigureMockMvc
-public class CustomerControllerIntegrationTest {
+class CustomerControllerIntegrationTest {
 
     private static MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_JSON;
 
     @Autowired
     private MockMvc mockMvc;
 
-    @Before
+    @BeforeEach
-    public void setUpJsonMediaType() {
+    void setUpJsonMediaType() {
         MEDIA_TYPE_JSON = new MediaType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.getType(), MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.getSubtype());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenPostHttpRequesttoCustomers_thenStatusOK() throws Exception {
+    void whenPostHttpRequesttoCustomers_thenStatusOK() throws Exception {
         Customer customer = new Customer("John", "john@domain.com");
         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
         mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRAP_ROOT_VALUE, false);
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ public class CustomerControllerIntegrationTest {
     }
     
     @Test
-    public void whenGetHttpRequesttoCustomers_thenStatusOK() throws Exception {
+    void whenGetHttpRequesttoCustomers_thenStatusOK() throws Exception {
         this.mockMvc
                 .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/customers"))
                 

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/states/UserEntityIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 package com.baeldung.states;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
 import org.hibernate.Session;
 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 import org.hibernate.Transaction;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
-
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest
 class UserEntityIntegrationTest {
     @Autowired

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tomcatconnectionpool/test/application/SpringBootTomcatConnectionPoolIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,27 +1,25 @@
 package com.baeldung.tomcatconnectionpool.test.application;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
-import org.junit.Test;
+
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
 import com.baeldung.tomcatconnectionpool.application.SpringBootConsoleApplication;
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
-import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
-
-@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest(classes = {SpringBootConsoleApplication.class})
 @TestPropertySource(properties = "spring.datasource.type=org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource")
-public class SpringBootTomcatConnectionPoolIntegrationTest {
+class SpringBootTomcatConnectionPoolIntegrationTest {
     
     @Autowired
     private DataSource dataSource;
     
     @Test
-    public void givenTomcatConnectionPoolInstance_whenCheckedPoolClassName_thenCorrect() {
+    void givenTomcatConnectionPoolInstance_whenCheckedPoolClassName_thenCorrect() {
         assertThat(dataSource.getClass().getName()).isEqualTo("org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource");
     }
 }

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-repo-2/README.md

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@
 - [Differences Between Spring Data JPA findFirst() and findTop()](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-findfirst-vs-findtop)
 - [Difference Between findBy and findAllBy in Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-find-by-vs-find-all-by)
 - [Calling Stored Procedures from Spring Data JPA Repositories](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-stored-procedures)
-- [Generate Database Schema with Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-generate-db-schema)
+
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../spring-data-jpa-repo)

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-repo-2/pom.xml

@@ -58,10 +58,6 @@
             <version>${querydsl.version}</version>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
-            <artifactId>hibernate-ant</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-repo-3/README.md

@@ -9,5 +9,4 @@ This module contains articles about Spring Data JPA.
 - [Difference Between findBy and findOneBy in Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-findby-vs-findoneby)
 - [How to Get Last Record in Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-last-record)
 - [Refresh and Fetch an Entity After Save in JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-refresh-fetch-entity-after-save)
-- [Pagination and Sorting using Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-pagination-sorting)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../spring-data-jpa-repo-2)

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-repo-3/pom.xml

@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
-            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
-            <version>${guava.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
     <properties>
         <start-class>com.baeldung.spring.data.jpa.naturalid.Application</start-class>

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-repo/README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 This module contains articles about repositories in Spring Data JPA 
 
 ### Relevant Articles:
-- [Introduction to Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/the-persistence-layer-with-spring-data-jpa)
 - [Case Insensitive Queries with Spring Data Repository](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-case-insensitive-queries)
 - [Spring Data – CrudRepository save() Method](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-crud-repository-save)
 - [Spring Data JPA – Adding a Method in All Repositories](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-method-in-all-repositories)

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-repo/src/main/java/com/baeldung/simple/service/IFooService.java

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.simple.service;
-
-import com.baeldung.simple.entity.Foo;
-
-public interface IFooService {
-    Foo create(Foo foo);
-}

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-simple/README.md

@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ This module contains articles about Spring Data JPA that are also part of an Ebo
 Since this is a module tied to an e-book, it should **not** be moved or used to store the code for any further article.
 
 ### Relevant Articles
+- [Introduction to Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/the-persistence-layer-with-spring-data-jpa)
 - [Customizing the Result of JPA Queries with Aggregation Functions](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-queries-custom-result-with-aggregation-functions)
 - [CrudRepository, JpaRepository, and PagingAndSortingRepository in Spring Data](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-repositories)
 - [New CRUD Repository Interfaces in Spring Data 3](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-3-crud-repository-interfaces)
 - [Derived Query Methods in Spring Data JPA Repositories](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-derived-queries)
 - [Spring Data JPA @Query](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-query)
 - [Spring Data JPA Projections](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-projections)
-- [Spring Data JPA @Modifying Annotation](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-modifying-annotation)
+- [Spring Data JPA @Modifying Annotation](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-modifying-annotation)
+- [Generate Database Schema with Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-generate-db-schema)
+- [Pagination and Sorting using Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-pagination-sorting)

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa-simple/pom.xml

@@ -43,11 +43,21 @@
             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+            <version>${guava.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>jakarta.xml.bind</groupId>
             <artifactId>jakarta.xml.bind-api</artifactId>
             <version>${jakarta.xml.bind.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hibernate-ant</artifactId>
+            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>