Merge remote-tracking branch 'eugenp/master'

core-java-8/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hashtable/Word.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.hashtable;
+
+public class Word {
+    private String name;
+
+    public Word(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (o == this)
+            return true;
+        if (!(o instanceof Word))
+            return false;
+
+        Word word = (Word) o;
+        return word.getName().equals(this.name) ? true : false;
+
+    }
+
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return name.hashCode();
+    }
+}

core-java-8/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hashtable/HashtableUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+package com.baeldung.hashtable;
+
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class HashtableUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPutAndGet_thenReturnsValue() {
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+
+        Word word = new Word("cat");
+        table.put(word, "an animal");
+
+        String definition = table.get(word);
+
+        assertEquals("an animal", definition);
+
+        definition = table.remove(word);
+
+        assertEquals("an animal", definition);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenThesameInstanceOfKey_thenReturnsValue() {
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        Word word = new Word("cat");
+        table.put(word, "an animal");
+        String extracted = table.get(word);
+        assertEquals("an animal", extracted);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenEqualsOverridden_thenReturnsValue() {
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        Word word = new Word("cat");
+        table.put(word, "an animal");
+        String extracted = table.get(new Word("cat"));
+        assertEquals("an animal", extracted);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void whenNullKey_thenException() {
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(null, "an animal");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = ConcurrentModificationException.class)
+    public void whenIterate_thenFailFast() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "an animal");
+        table.put(new Word("dog"), "another animal");
+
+        Iterator<Word> it = table.keySet().iterator();
+        System.out.println("iterator created");
+
+        table.remove(new Word("dog"));
+        System.out.println("element removed");
+
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            Word key = it.next();
+            System.out.println(table.get(key));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenEnumerate_thenNotFailFast() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("1"), "one");
+        table.put(new Word("2"), "two");
+        table.put(new Word("3"), "three");
+        table.put(new Word("4"), "four");
+        table.put(new Word("5"), "five");
+        table.put(new Word("6"), "six");
+        table.put(new Word("7"), "seven");
+        table.put(new Word("8"), "eight");
+
+        Enumeration<Word> enumKey = table.keys();
+        System.out.println("Enumeration created");
+        table.remove(new Word("1"));
+        System.out.println("element removed");
+        while (enumKey.hasMoreElements()) {
+            Word key = enumKey.nextElement();
+            System.out.println(table.get(key));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenAddElements_thenIterationOrderUnpredicable() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("1"), "one");
+        table.put(new Word("2"), "two");
+        table.put(new Word("3"), "three");
+        table.put(new Word("4"), "four");
+        table.put(new Word("5"), "five");
+        table.put(new Word("6"), "six");
+        table.put(new Word("7"), "seven");
+        table.put(new Word("8"), "eight");
+
+        Iterator<Map.Entry<Word, String>> it = table.entrySet().iterator();
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            Map.Entry<Word, String> entry = it.next();
+            System.out.println(entry.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenGetOrDefault_thenDefaultGot() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+        Word key = new Word("dog");
+        String definition;
+
+        // old way
+        /* if (table.containsKey(key)) {
+            definition = table.get(key);
+        } else {
+            definition = "not found";
+        }*/
+
+        // new way
+        definition = table.getOrDefault(key, "not found");
+
+        assertThat(definition, is("not found"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPutifAbsent_thenNotRewritten() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+
+        String definition = "an animal";
+        // old way
+        /* if (!table.containsKey(new Word("cat"))) {
+            table.put(new Word("cat"), definition);
+        }*/
+        // new way
+        table.putIfAbsent(new Word("cat"), definition);
+
+        assertThat(table.get(new Word("cat")), is("a small domesticated carnivorous mammal"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenRemovePair_thenCheckKeyAndValue() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+
+        // old way
+        /* if (table.get(new Word("cat")).equals("an animal")) {
+            table.remove(new Word("cat"));
+        }*/
+
+        // new way
+        boolean result = table.remove(new Word("cat"), "an animal");
+
+        assertThat(result, is(false));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReplacePair_thenValueChecked() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+
+        String definition = "an animal";
+
+        // old way
+        /* if (table.containsKey(new Word("cat")) && table.get(new Word("cat")).equals("a small domesticated carnivorous mammal")) {
+            table.put(new Word("cat"), definition);
+        }*/
+        // new way
+        table.replace(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal", definition);
+
+        assertThat(table.get(new Word("cat")), is("an animal"));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenKeyIsAbsent_thenNotRewritten() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+
+        // old way
+        /* if (!table.containsKey(cat)) {
+            String definition = "an animal";// calculate
+            table.put(new Word("cat"), definition);
+        }
+        */
+        // new way
+
+        table.computeIfAbsent(new Word("cat"), key -> "an animal");
+        assertThat(table.get(new Word("cat")), is("a small domesticated carnivorous mammal"));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenKeyIsPresent_thenComputeIfPresent() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+
+        Word cat = new Word("cat");
+        // old way
+        /* if (table.containsKey(cat)) {
+            String concatination = cat.getName() + " - " + table.get(cat);
+            table.put(cat, concatination);
+        }*/
+
+        // new way
+        table.computeIfPresent(cat, (key, value) -> key.getName() + " - " + value);
+
+        assertThat(table.get(cat), is("cat - a small domesticated carnivorous mammal"));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCompute_thenForAllKeys() {
+
+        Hashtable<String, Integer> table = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
+        String[] animals = { "cat", "dog", "dog", "cat", "bird", "mouse", "mouse" };
+        for (String animal : animals) {
+            table.compute(animal, (key, value) -> (value == null ? Integer.valueOf(1) : Integer.valueOf(value) + 1));
+        }
+        assertThat(table.values(), hasItems(2, 2, 2, 1));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenInsteadOfCompute_thenMerge() {
+
+        Hashtable<String, Integer> table = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
+        String[] animals = { "cat", "dog", "dog", "cat", "bird", "mouse", "mouse" };
+        for (String animal : animals) {
+            table.merge(animal, 1, (oldValue, value) -> (oldValue + value));
+        }
+        assertThat(table.values(), hasItems(2, 2, 2, 1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenForeach_thenIterate() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+        table.put(new Word("dog"), "another animal");
+        table.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k.getName() + " - " + v)
+
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReplaceall_thenNoIterationNeeded() {
+
+        Hashtable<Word, String> table = new Hashtable<Word, String>();
+        table.put(new Word("cat"), "a small domesticated carnivorous mammal");
+        table.put(new Word("dog"), "another animal");
+        table.replaceAll((k, v) -> k.getName() + " - " + v);
+
+        assertThat(table.values(), hasItems("cat - a small domesticated carnivorous mammal", "dog - another animal"));
+    }
+}

core-java/README.md

@@ -74,17 +74,14 @@
 - [CharSequence vs. String in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-char-sequence-string)
 - [Period and Duration in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-period-duration)
 - [Guide to the Diamond Operator in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-diamond-operator)
-- [Singletons in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-singleton)
 - [“Sneaky Throws” in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-sneaky-throws)
 - [OutOfMemoryError: GC Overhead Limit Exceeded](http://www.baeldung.com/java-gc-overhead-limit-exceeded)
 - [StringBuilder and StringBuffer in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-string-builder-string-buffer)
 - [Number of Digits in an Integer in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-number-of-digits-in-int)
-- [Proxy, Decorator, Adapter and Bridge Patterns](http://www.baeldung.com/java-structural-design-patterns)
 - [Creating a Java Compiler Plugin](http://www.baeldung.com/java-build-compiler-plugin)
 - [A Guide to the Static Keyword in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-static)
 - [Initializing Arrays in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-initialize-array)
 - [Guide to Java String Pool](http://www.baeldung.com/java-string-pool)
-- [Introduction to Creational Design Patterns](http://www.baeldung.com/creational-design-patterns)
 - [Quick Example - Comparator vs Comparable in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-comparator-comparable)
 - [Quick Guide to Java Stack](http://www.baeldung.com/java-stack)
 - [The Java continue and break Keywords](http://www.baeldung.com/java-continue-and-break)
@@ -116,8 +113,6 @@
 - [Comparing Strings in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-compare-strings)
 - [Guide to Inheritance in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-inheritance)
 - [Guide to Externalizable Interface in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-externalizable)
-- [The Observer Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-observer-pattern)
-- [Flyweight Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-flyweight)
 - [Object Type Casting in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-type-casting)
 - [A Practical Guide to DecimalFormat](http://www.baeldung.com/java-decimalformat)
 - [How to Detect the OS Using Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-detect-os)
@@ -136,7 +131,6 @@
 - [Class Loaders in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-classloaders)
 - [Find Sum and Average in a Java Array](http://www.baeldung.com/java-array-sum-average)
 - [Java List UnsupportedOperationException](http://www.baeldung.com/java-list-unsupported-operation-exception)
-- [Service Locator Pattern](http://www.baeldung.com/java-service-locator-pattern)
 - [Type Erasure in Java Explained](http://www.baeldung.com/java-type-erasure)
 - [BigDecimal and BigInteger in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-bigdecimal-biginteger)
 - [Display All Time Zones With GMT And UTC in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-time-zones)
@@ -145,4 +139,5 @@
 - [Sending Emails with Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-email)
 - [Introduction to SSL in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-ssl)
 - [Java KeyStore API](http://www.baeldung.com/java-keystore)
-- [Double-Checked Locking with Singleton](http://www.baeldung.com/java-singleton-double-checked-locking)
+- [Using Java Assertions](http://www.baeldung.com/java-assert)
+- [Guide to Java Clock Class](http://www.baeldung.com/java-clock)

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/creational/abstractfactory/Color.java

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
-
-public interface Color {
-    String getColor();
-}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/creational/factory/Polygon.java

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.factory;
-
-public interface Polygon {
-    String getType();
-}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/numberofdigits/NumberOfDigitsDriver.java

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.numberofdigits;
 
-import static com.baeldung.designpatterns.util.LogerUtil.LOG;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 
 public class NumberOfDigitsDriver {
     private static NumberOfDigits numberOfDigits;
     
+    private static Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(NumberOfDigitsDriver.class);
+    
     static {
         numberOfDigits = new NumberOfDigits();
     }

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/Benchmarking.java

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+
+public class Benchmarking {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
+        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
+                .include(Benchmarking.class.getSimpleName())
+                .forks(1)
+                .build();
+
+        new Runner(opt).run();
+    }
+
+    @State(Scope.Thread)
+    public static class ExecutionPlan {
+        public String number = Integer.toString(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        public boolean isNumber = false;
+        public IsNumeric isNumeric= new IsNumeric();
+    }
+    
+    @Benchmark 
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+    public void usingCoreJava(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.isNumber = plan.isNumeric.usingCoreJava(plan.number);
+    }
+    
+    @Benchmark 
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+    public void usingRegularExpressions(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.isNumber = plan.isNumeric.usingRegularExpressions(plan.number);
+    }
+    
+    @Benchmark 
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+    public void usingNumberUtils_isCreatable(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.isNumber = plan.isNumeric.usingNumberUtils_isCreatable(plan.number);
+    }
+    
+    @Benchmark 
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+    public void usingNumberUtils_isParsable(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.isNumber = plan.isNumeric.usingNumberUtils_isParsable(plan.number);
+    }
+    
+    @Benchmark 
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+    public void usingStringUtils_isNumeric(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.isNumber = plan.isNumeric.usingStringUtils_isNumeric(plan.number);
+    }
+    
+    @Benchmark 
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+    public void usingStringUtils_isNumericSpace(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.isNumber = plan.isNumeric.usingStringUtils_isNumericSpace(plan.number);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/IsNumeric.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
+
+public class IsNumeric {
+    public boolean usingCoreJava(String strNum) {
+        try {
+            double d = Double.parseDouble(strNum);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException | NullPointerException nfe) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean usingRegularExpressions(String strNum) {
+        return strNum.matches("-?\\d+(\\.\\d+)?");
+    }
+    
+    public boolean usingNumberUtils_isCreatable(String strNum) {
+        return NumberUtils.isCreatable(strNum);
+    }
+    
+    public boolean usingNumberUtils_isParsable(String strNum) {
+        return NumberUtils.isParsable(strNum);
+    }
+    
+    public boolean usingStringUtils_isNumeric(String strNum) {
+        return StringUtils.isNumeric(strNum);
+    }
+    
+    public boolean usingStringUtils_isNumericSpace(String strNum) {
+        return StringUtils.isNumericSpace(strNum);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/IsNumericDriver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+public class IsNumericDriver {
+    private static IsNumeric isNumeric;
+    private static Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(IsNumericDriver.class);
+    static {
+        isNumeric =new IsNumeric();
+        
+    }
+    
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        LOG.info("Testing all methods...");
+        
+        boolean res = isNumeric.usingCoreJava("1001");
+        LOG.info("Using Core Java : " + res);
+        
+        res = isNumeric.usingRegularExpressions("1001");
+        LOG.info("Using Regular Expressions : " + res);
+        
+        res =isNumeric.usingNumberUtils_isCreatable("1001");
+        LOG.info("Using NumberUtils.isCreatable : " + res);
+        
+        res =isNumeric.usingNumberUtils_isParsable("1001");
+        LOG.info("Using NumberUtils.isParsable : " + res);
+        
+        res =isNumeric.usingStringUtils_isNumeric("1001");
+        LOG.info("Using StringUtils.isNumeric : " + res);
+        
+        res =isNumeric.usingStringUtils_isNumericSpace("1001");
+        LOG.info("Using StringUtils.isNumericSpace : " + res);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/CoreJavaIsNumericUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CoreJavaIsNumericUnitTest {
+    public static boolean isNumeric(String strNum) {
+        try {
+            double d = Double.parseDouble(strNum);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException | NullPointerException nfe) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingCoreJava_thenTrue() {
+        // Valid Numbers
+        assertThat(isNumeric("22")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("5.05")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("-200")).isTrue(); 
+        assertThat(isNumeric("10.0d")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("   22   ")).isTrue();
+         
+        // Invalid Numbers
+        assertThat(isNumeric(null)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("abc")).isFalse();
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/NumberUtilsIsCreatableUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class NumberUtilsIsCreatableUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenApacheCommons_whenUsingIsParsable_thenTrue() {
+        // Valid Numbers
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("22")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("5.05")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("-200")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("10.0d")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("1000L")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("0xFF")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("07")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("2.99e+8")).isTrue();
+         
+        // Invalid Numbers
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable(null)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("abc")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable(" 22 ")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isCreatable("09")).isFalse();
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/NumberUtilsIsParsableUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class NumberUtilsIsParsableUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenApacheCommons_whenUsingIsParsable_thenTrue() {
+        // Valid Numbers
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("22")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("-23")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("2.2")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("09")).isTrue();
+        
+        // Invalid Numbers
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable(null)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("6.2f")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("9.8d")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("22L")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("0xFF")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(NumberUtils.isParsable("2.99e+8")).isFalse();
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/RegularExpressionsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class RegularExpressionsUnitTest {
+    public static boolean isNumeric(String strNum) {
+        return strNum.matches("-?\\d+(\\.\\d+)?");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingRegularExpressions_thenTrue() {
+        // Valid Numbers
+        assertThat(isNumeric("22")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("5.05")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(isNumeric("-200")).isTrue();
+         
+        // Invalid Numbers
+        assertThat(isNumeric("abc")).isFalse();
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/StringUtilsIsNumericSpaceUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class StringUtilsIsNumericSpaceUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenApacheCommons_whenUsingIsNumericSpace_thenTrue() {
+        // Valid Numbers
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("123")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("١٢٣")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("  ")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("12 3")).isTrue();
+         
+        // Invalid Numbers
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace(null)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("ab2c")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("12.3")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumericSpace("-123")).isFalse();
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringisnumeric/StringUtilsIsNumericUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.stringisnumeric;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class StringUtilsIsNumericUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenApacheCommons_whenUsingIsNumeric_thenTrue() {
+        // Valid Numbers
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("123")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("١٢٣")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("१२३")).isTrue();
+         
+        // Invalid Numbers
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric(null)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("  ")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("12 3")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("ab2c")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("12.3")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.isNumeric("-123")).isFalse();
+    }
+}

core-kotlin/pom.xml

@@ -63,6 +63,24 @@
             <artifactId>kotlinx-coroutines-core</artifactId>
             <version>${kotlinx.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jetbrains.spek</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spek-api</artifactId>
+            <version>1.1.5</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jetbrains.spek</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spek-subject-extension</artifactId>
+            <version>1.1.5</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jetbrains.spek</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spek-junit-platform-engine</artifactId>
+            <version>1.1.5</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.nhaarman</groupId>
             <artifactId>mockito-kotlin</artifactId>

core-kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/spek/CalculatorSubjectTest5.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.spek
+
+import com.baeldung.kotlin.junit5.Calculator
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.describe
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.it
+import org.jetbrains.spek.subject.SubjectSpek
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
+
+class CalculatorSubjectTest5 : SubjectSpek<Calculator>({
+    subject { Calculator() }
+    describe("A calculator") {
+        describe("Addition") {
+            val result = subject.add(3, 5)
+            it("Produces the correct answer") {
+                assertEquals(8, result)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+})

core-kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/spek/CalculatorTest5.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.spek
+
+import com.baeldung.kotlin.junit5.Calculator
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.Spek
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.describe
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.given
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.it
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.on
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
+
+class CalculatorTest5 : Spek({
+    given("A calculator") {
+        val calculator = Calculator()
+        on("Adding 3 and 5") {
+            val result = calculator.add(3, 5)
+            it("Produces 8") {
+                assertEquals(8, result)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    describe("A calculator") {
+        val calculator = Calculator()
+        describe("Addition") {
+            val result = calculator.add(3, 5)
+            it("Produces the correct answer") {
+                assertEquals(8, result)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+})

core-kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/spek/DataDrivenTest5.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.spek
+
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.Spek
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.describe
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.it
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
+
+class DataDrivenTest5 : Spek({
+    describe("A data driven test") {
+        mapOf(
+                "hello" to "HELLO",
+                "world" to "WORLD"
+        ).forEach { input, expected ->
+            describe("Capitalising $input") {
+                it("Correctly returns $expected") {
+                    Assertions.assertEquals(expected, input.toUpperCase())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+})

core-kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/spek/GroupTest5.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.spek
+
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.Spek
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.describe
+import org.jetbrains.spek.api.dsl.it
+
+class GroupTest5 : Spek({
+    describe("Outer group") {
+        beforeEachTest {
+            System.out.println("BeforeEachTest 0")
+        }
+        beforeGroup {
+            System.out.println("BeforeGroup 0")
+        }
+        afterEachTest {
+            System.out.println("AfterEachTest 0")
+        }
+        afterGroup {
+            System.out.println("AfterGroup 0")
+        }
+        describe("Inner group 1") {
+            beforeEachTest {
+                System.out.println("BeforeEachTest 1")
+            }
+            beforeGroup {
+                System.out.println("BeforeGroup 1")
+            }
+            afterEachTest {
+                System.out.println("AfterEachTest 1")
+            }
+            afterGroup {
+                System.out.println("AfterGroup 1")
+            }
+            it("Test 1") {
+                System.out.println("Test 1")
+            }
+            it("Test 2") {
+                System.out.println("Test 2")
+            }
+        }
+        describe("Inner group 2") {
+            beforeEachTest {
+                System.out.println("BeforeEachTest 2")
+            }
+            beforeGroup {
+                System.out.println("BeforeGroup 2")
+            }
+            afterEachTest {
+                System.out.println("AfterEachTest 2")
+            }
+            afterGroup {
+                System.out.println("AfterGroup 2")
+            }
+            it("Test 3") {
+                System.out.println("Test 3")
+            }
+            it("Test 4") {
+                System.out.println("Test 4")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+})

guava/pom.xml

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@
             <version>${assertj.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+
+        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hamcrest/java-hamcrest -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+            <artifactId>java-hamcrest</artifactId>
+            <version>${java-hamcrest.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -52,6 +60,7 @@
 
         <!-- testing -->
         <assertj.version>3.6.1</assertj.version>
+        <java-hamcrest.version>2.0.0.0</java-hamcrest.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

guava/src/test/java/org/baeldung/hamcrest/HamcrestExamplesUnitTest.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItems;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.emptyIterable;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -57,6 +58,12 @@ public class HamcrestExamplesUnitTest {
         final List<String> collection = Lists.newArrayList();
         assertThat(collection, empty());
     }
+    
+    @Test
+    public final void givenIterableIsEmpty_whenChecking_thenEmpty() {
+        final Iterable<String> collection = Lists.newArrayList();
+        assertThat(collection, emptyIterable());
+    }
 
     @Test
     public final void givenCollectionIsNotEmpty_whenChecking_thenNotEmpty() {

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/HibernateUtil.java

@@ -1,30 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.hibernate;
 
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Employee;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.Individual;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.EntityDescription;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.PessimisticLockingCourse;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.OrderEntry;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.PessimisticLockingEmployee;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.OrderEntryIdClass;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.PessimisticLockingStudent;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.OrderEntryPK;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.*;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.PointEntity;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Person;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.PolygonEntity;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.*;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Product;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Phone;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.TemporalValues;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Course;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Student;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.User;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.UserProfile;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Animal;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Bag;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Book;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Car;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.MyEmployee;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.MyProduct;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Pen;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Person;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Pet;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Vehicle;
-
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
@@ -82,6 +64,12 @@ public class HibernateUtil {
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PointEntity.class);
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PolygonEntity.class);
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Person.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(Individual.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PessimisticLockingEmployee.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PessimisticLockingStudent.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PessimisticLockingCourse.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.Customer.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.Address.class);
 
         Metadata metadata = metadataSources.buildMetadata();
         return metadata.getSessionFactoryBuilder()

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/Address.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Address {
+
+    private String country;
+    private String city;
+
+    public Address(String country, String city) {
+        this.country = country;
+        this.city = city;
+    }
+
+    public Address() {
+    }
+
+    public String getCountry() {
+        return country;
+    }
+
+    public void setCountry(String country) {
+        this.country = country;
+    }
+
+    public String getCity() {
+        return city;
+    }
+
+    public void setCity(String city) {
+        this.city = city;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/Customer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Entity
+public class Customer {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long customerId;
+    private String name;
+    private String lastName;
+    @ElementCollection
+    @CollectionTable(name = "customer_address")
+    private List<Address> addressList;
+
+    public Customer() {
+    }
+
+    public Customer(Long customerId, String name, String lastName, List<Address> addressList) {
+        this.customerId = customerId;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+        this.addressList = addressList;
+    }
+
+    public Long getCustomerId() {
+        return customerId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomerId(Long customerId) {
+        this.customerId = customerId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public List<Address> getAddressList() {
+        return addressList;
+    }
+
+    public void setAddressList(List<Address> addressList) {
+        this.addressList = addressList;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/Individual.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.Inheritance;
+import javax.persistence.InheritanceType;
+
+@Entity
+@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
+public class Individual {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    private String lastName;
+
+    public Individual(Long id, String name, String lastName) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public Individual() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockingCourse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+
+@Entity
+public class PessimisticLockingCourse {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long courseId;
+    private String name;
+    @ManyToOne
+    @JoinTable(name = "student_course")
+    private PessimisticLockingStudent student;
+
+    public PessimisticLockingCourse(Long courseId, String name, PessimisticLockingStudent student) {
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.student = student;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingCourse() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getCourseId() {
+        return courseId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCourseId(Long courseId) {
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingStudent getStudent() {
+        return student;
+    }
+
+    public void setStudent(PessimisticLockingStudent students) {
+        this.student = students;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockingEmployee.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+@Entity
+public class PessimisticLockingEmployee extends Individual {
+
+    private BigDecimal salary;
+
+    public PessimisticLockingEmployee(Long id, String name, String lastName, BigDecimal salary) {
+        super(id, name, lastName);
+        this.salary = salary;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingEmployee() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getSalary() {
+        return salary;
+    }
+
+    public void setSalary(BigDecimal average) {
+        this.salary = average;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockingStudent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Entity
+public class PessimisticLockingStudent {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "student")
+    private List<PessimisticLockingCourse> courses;
+
+    public PessimisticLockingStudent(Long id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingStudent() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public List<PessimisticLockingCourse> getCourses() {
+        return courses;
+    }
+
+    public void setCourses(List<PessimisticLockingCourse> courses) {
+        this.courses = courses;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/BasicPessimisticLockingIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
+import com.vividsolutions.jts.util.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class BasicPessimisticLockingIntegrationTest {
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUp() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingStudent student = new PessimisticLockingStudent(1L, "JOHN");
+        PessimisticLockingCourse course = new PessimisticLockingCourse(1L, "MATH", student);
+        student.setCourses(Arrays.asList(course));
+        entityManager.persist(course);
+        entityManager.persist(student);
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        entityManager.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenFoundRecordWithPessimisticRead_whenFindingNewOne_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticReadQuery_whenQueryingNewOne_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            Query query = entityManager.createQuery("from Student where studentId = :studentId");
+            query.setParameter("studentId", 1L);
+            query.setLockMode(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+            query.getResultList();
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            Query query2 = entityManager2.createQuery("from Student where studentId = :studentId");
+            query2.setParameter("studentId", 1L);
+            query2.setLockMode(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+            query2.getResultList();
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticReadLock_whenFindingNewOne_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.lock(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT);
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordAndRefreshWithPessimisticRead_whenFindingWithPessimisticWrite_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.refresh(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticRead_whenUpdatingRecord_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.refresh(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent2 = entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            resultStudent2.setName("Change");
+            entityManager2.persist(resultStudent2);
+            entityManager2.getTransaction()
+                .commit();
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticWrite_whenUpdatingRecord_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.refresh(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent2 = entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            resultStudent2.setName("Change");
+            entityManager2.persist(resultStudent2);
+            entityManager2.getTransaction()
+                .commit();
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static EntityManager getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction() throws IOException {
+        String propertyFileName = "hibernate-pessimistic-locking.properties";
+        EntityManager entityManager = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory(propertyFileName)
+            .openSession();
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .begin();
+
+        return entityManager;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockScopesIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.LockModeType;
+import javax.persistence.PessimisticLockScope;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class PessimisticLockScopesIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithJoinInheritance_whenNormalLock_thenShouldChildAndParentEntity() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingEmployee employee = new PessimisticLockingEmployee(1L, "JOHN", "SMITH", new BigDecimal(4.5));
+        em.persist(employee);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        EntityManager em2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingEmployee foundEmployee = em2.find(PessimisticLockingEmployee.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em2.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        EntityManager em3 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundEmployee = em3.find(PessimisticLockingEmployee.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+        em3.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        em2.close();
+        em3.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEntityWithElementCollection_whenLock_thenHibernateExtendedScopeLockOnlyOwningEntity() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Address address = new Address("Poland", "Warsaw");
+        Customer customer = new Customer(1L, "JOE", "DOE", Arrays.asList(address));
+        em.persist(customer);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        EntityManager em2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Customer foundCustomer = em2.find(Customer.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em2.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        EntityManager em3 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundCustomer = em3.find(Customer.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+        em2.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        em2.close();
+        em3.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEntityWithOneToMany_whenLock_thenHibernateExtendedScopeLockOnlyOwningEntity() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingStudent student = new PessimisticLockingStudent(1L, "JOE");
+        PessimisticLockingCourse course = new PessimisticLockingCourse(1L, "COURSE", student);
+        student.setCourses(Arrays.asList(course));
+        em.persist(course);
+        em.persist(student);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        EntityManager em2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingCourse foundCourse = em2.find(PessimisticLockingCourse.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em2.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        EntityManager em3 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundCourse = em3.find(PessimisticLockingCourse.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+        em3.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        em2.close();
+        em3.close();
+    }
+
+    protected EntityManager getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction() throws IOException {
+        String propertyFileName = "hibernate-pessimistic-locking.properties";
+        EntityManager entityManager = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory(propertyFileName)
+            .openSession();
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .begin();
+
+        return entityManager;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/test/resources/hibernate-pessimistic-locking.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+hibernate.connection.driver_class=org.h2.Driver
+hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:h2:mem:mydb1;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;LOCK_TIMEOUT=100;MVCC=FALSE
+hibernate.connection.username=sa
+hibernate.connection.autocommit=true
+hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
+
+hibernate.show_sql=true
+hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop

httpclient/src/test/java/org/baeldung/httpclient/sec/HttpClientAuthLiveTest.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ public class HttpClientAuthLiveTest {
     public final void givenAuthorizationHeaderIsSetManually_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenSuccess2() throws IOException {
         final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION);
         final String auth = DEFAULT_USER + ":" + DEFAULT_PASS;
-        final byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encodeBase64(auth.getBytes(Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1")));
+        final byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encodeBase64(auth.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
         final String authHeader = "Basic " + new String(encodedAuth);
         request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, authHeader);
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ public class HttpClientAuthLiveTest {
 
     private String authorizationHeader(final String username, final String password) {
         final String auth = username + ":" + password;
-        final byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encodeBase64(auth.getBytes(Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1")));
+        final byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encodeBase64(auth.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
 
         return "Basic " + new String(encodedAuth);
     }

javax-servlets/pom.xml

@@ -1,46 +1,75 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <artifactId>javax-servlets</artifactId>
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <artifactId>javax-servlets</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
-    <parent>
+  <parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
-        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    </parent>
+  </parent>
 
-    <dependencies>
+  <dependencies>
-        <dependency>
+    <!-- File Uploading -->
-            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+    <dependency>
-            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
-            <version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
+      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
+      <version>1.3.3</version>
-        <dependency>
+    </dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
+    <dependency>
-            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
+      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
-            <version>${org.apache.httpcomponents.version}</version>
+      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
-            <scope>test</scope>
+      <version>2.6</version>
-            <exclusions>
+    </dependency>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
-                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
-            <version>${spring-test.version}</version>
-            <scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
-    </dependencies>
 
-    <properties>
+    <!-- Servlet -->
-        <javax.servlet.version>3.1.0</javax.servlet.version>
+    <dependency>
-        <org.apache.httpcomponents.version>4.5.3</org.apache.httpcomponents.version>
+      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
-        <spring-test.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring-test.version>
+      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
-    </properties>
+      <version>4.0.1</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
+      <version>1.2</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
+      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
+      <version>2.3.1</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
+      <version>1.2</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
+      <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
+      <version>${org.apache.httpcomponents.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+      <exclusions>
+        <exclusion>
+          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
+          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
+        </exclusion>
+      </exclusions>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
+      <version>${spring-test.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <properties>
+    <org.apache.httpcomponents.version>4.5.3</org.apache.httpcomponents.version>
+    <spring-test.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring-test.version>
+  </properties>
 
 </project>

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/Constants.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+public class Constants {
+
+  public static final String UPLOAD_DIRECTORY = "upload";
+  public static final String DEFAULT_FILENAME = "default.file";
+
+  public static final int MEMORY_THRESHOLD = 1024 * 1024 * 3;
+  public static final int MAX_FILE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 40;
+  public static final int MAX_REQUEST_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 50;
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servlets/MultipartServlet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.baeldung.servlets;
+
+import com.baeldung.Constants;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
+import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.Part;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static com.baeldung.Constants.UPLOAD_DIRECTORY;
+
+@WebServlet(
+    name = "MultiPartServlet",
+    urlPatterns = {"/multiPartServlet"}
+)
+@MultipartConfig(fileSizeThreshold = 1024 * 1024, maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 * 5, maxRequestSize = 1024 * 1024 * 5 * 5)
+public class MultipartServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private String getFileName(Part part) {
+        for (String content : part.getHeader("content-disposition").split(";")) {
+            if (content.trim().startsWith("filename"))
+                return content.substring(content.indexOf("=") + 2, content.length() - 1);
+        }
+        return Constants.DEFAULT_FILENAME;
+    }
+
+    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        String uploadPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("") + File.separator + UPLOAD_DIRECTORY;
+        File uploadDir = new File(uploadPath);
+        if (!uploadDir.exists())
+            uploadDir.mkdir();
+
+        try {
+            String fileName = "";
+            for (Part part : request.getParts()) {
+                fileName = getFileName(part);
+                part.write(uploadPath + File.separator + fileName);
+            }
+            request.setAttribute("message", "File " + fileName + " has uploaded successfully!");
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException fne) {
+            request.setAttribute("message", "There was an error: " + fne.getMessage());
+        }
+        getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(request, response);
+    }
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servlets/UploadServlet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.servlets;
+
+import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
+import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
+import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static com.baeldung.Constants.*;
+
+@WebServlet(
+    name = "UploadServlet",
+    urlPatterns = {"/uploadFile"}
+)
+public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        if (ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)) {
+
+            DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
+            factory.setSizeThreshold(MEMORY_THRESHOLD);
+            factory.setRepository(new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")));
+
+            ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
+            upload.setFileSizeMax(MAX_FILE_SIZE);
+            upload.setSizeMax(MAX_REQUEST_SIZE);
+            String uploadPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("") + File.separator + UPLOAD_DIRECTORY;
+            File uploadDir = new File(uploadPath);
+            if (!uploadDir.exists()) {
+                uploadDir.mkdir();
+            }
+
+            try {
+                List<FileItem> formItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
+
+                if (formItems != null && formItems.size() > 0) {
+                    for (FileItem item : formItems) {
+                        if (!item.isFormField()) {
+                            String fileName = new File(item.getName()).getName();
+                            String filePath = uploadPath + File.separator + fileName;
+                            File storeFile = new File(filePath);
+                            item.write(storeFile);
+                            request.setAttribute("message", "File " + fileName + " has uploaded successfully!");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                request.setAttribute("message", "There was an error: " + ex.getMessage());
+            }
+            getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(request, response);
+        }
+    }
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servlets/UploadWelcomeServlet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.servlets;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+@WebServlet(name = "UploadWelcomeServlet", urlPatterns = "/uploadwelcome")
+public class UploadWelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+      throws ServletException, IOException {
+    request.getRequestDispatcher("/upload.jsp").forward(request, response);
+  }
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
-         version="3.1">
-
-</web-app>

javax-servlets/src/main/webapp/result.jsp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+    <title>Upload Result</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <h2>${message}</h2>
+</body>
+</html>

javax-servlets/src/main/webapp/upload.jsp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+    <title>File Upload Demo</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <div>Apache FileUpload</div>
+    <form method="post" action="uploadFile" enctype="multipart/form-data">
+        Choose a file: <input type="file" name="uploadFile"/><input type="submit" value="Upload"/>
+    </form>
+
+    </br>
+
+    <div>Servlet Multipart</div>
+    <form method="post" action="multiPartServlet" enctype="multipart/form-data">
+        Choose a file: <input type="file" name="multiPartServlet"/><input type="submit" value="Upload"/>
+    </form>
+</body>
+</html>

libraries/pom.xml

@@ -680,6 +680,12 @@
             <version>${unirest.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
+        <!-- javalin -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.javalin</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javalin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.6.0</version>
+        </dependency>
         <!-- Atlassian Fugue -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.atlassian.fugue</groupId>

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/javalin/JavalinApp.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.javalin;
+
+import com.baeldung.javalin.User.UserController;
+import io.javalin.Javalin;
+
+public class JavalinApp {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Javalin app = Javalin.create()
+                .port(7000)
+                .start();
+
+        app.get("/hello", ctx -> ctx.html("Hello, Javalin!"));
+        app.get("/users", UserController.fetchAllUsernames);
+        app.get("/users/:id", UserController.fetchById);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/javalin/User/User.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.javalin.User;
+
+public class User {
+    public final int id;
+    public final String name;
+
+    public User(int id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/javalin/User/UserController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.javalin.User;
+
+import io.javalin.Handler;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class UserController {
+    public static Handler fetchAllUsernames = ctx -> {
+        UserDao dao = UserDao.instance();
+        Iterable<String> allUsers = dao.getAllUsernames();
+        ctx.json(allUsers);
+    };
+
+    public static Handler fetchById = ctx -> {
+        int id = Integer.parseInt(Objects.requireNonNull(ctx.param("id")));
+        UserDao dao = UserDao.instance();
+        User user = dao.getUserById(id);
+        if (user == null) {
+            ctx.html("Not Found");
+        } else {
+            ctx.json(user);
+        }
+    };
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/javalin/User/UserDao.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.javalin.User;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+class UserDao {
+
+    private final List<User> users = Arrays.asList(
+            new User(0, "Steve Rogers"),
+            new User(1, "Tony Stark"),
+            new User(2, "Carol Danvers")
+    );
+
+    private static UserDao userDao = null;
+
+    private UserDao() {
+    }
+
+    static UserDao instance() {
+        if (userDao == null) {
+            userDao = new UserDao();
+        }
+        return userDao;
+    }
+
+    Optional<User> getUserById(int id) { return users.stream().filter(u -> u.id == id).findFirst(); }
+
+    Iterable<String> getAllUsernames() {
+        return users.stream().map(user -> user.name).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+}

mapstruct/src/main/java/com/baeldung/dto/TransactionDTO.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.dto;
+
+public class TransactionDTO {
+
+    private String uuid;
+    private Long totalInCents;
+
+    public String getUuid() {
+        return uuid;
+    }
+
+    public void setUuid(String uuid) {
+        this.uuid = uuid;
+    }
+
+    public Long getTotalInCents() {
+        return totalInCents;
+    }
+
+    public void setTotalInCents(Long totalInCents) {
+        this.totalInCents = totalInCents;
+    }
+}

mapstruct/src/main/java/com/baeldung/entity/Transaction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.entity;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+public class Transaction {
+
+    private Long id;
+    private String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    private BigDecimal total;
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String getUuid() {
+        return uuid;
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getTotal() {
+        return total;
+    }
+}

mapstruct/src/main/java/com/baeldung/mapper/TransactionMapper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.mapper;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
+
+import com.baeldung.dto.TransactionDTO;
+import com.baeldung.entity.Transaction;
+
+@Mapper
+abstract class TransactionMapper {
+
+    public TransactionDTO toTransactionDTO(Transaction transaction) {
+        TransactionDTO transactionDTO = new TransactionDTO();
+        transactionDTO.setUuid(transaction.getUuid());
+        transactionDTO.setTotalInCents(transaction.getTotal().multiply(new BigDecimal("100")).longValue());
+        return transactionDTO;
+    }
+
+    public abstract List<TransactionDTO> toTransactionDTO(Collection<Transaction> transactions);
+}

patterns/README.md

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 - [Introduction to Intercepting Filter Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/intercepting-filter-pattern-in-java)
 - [Implementing the Template Method Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-template-method-pattern)
 - [Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/chain-of-responsibility-pattern)
+- [The Command Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-command-pattern)
 

patterns/design-patterns/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+- [Facade Design Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-facade-pattern)
+- [Singletons in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-singleton)
+- [Proxy, Decorator, Adapter and Bridge Patterns](http://www.baeldung.com/java-structural-design-patterns)
+- [Introduction to Creational Design Patterns](http://www.baeldung.com/creational-design-patterns)
+- [The Observer Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-observer-pattern)
+- [Flyweight Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-flyweight)
+- [Service Locator Pattern](http://www.baeldung.com/java-service-locator-pattern)
+- [Double-Checked Locking with Singleton](http://www.baeldung.com/java-singleton-double-checked-locking)
+- [Composite Design Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-composite-pattern)
+

patterns/design-patterns/pom.xml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <groupId>com.baeldung.pattern.templatemethod</groupId>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-    <artifactId>pattern.templatemethod</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>design-patterns</artifactId>
     <version>1.0</version>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
     <parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung.patterns</groupId>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
         <artifactId>patterns-parent</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>..</relativePath>
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
             <version>4.12</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
-	<dependency>
+		<dependency>
             <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
             <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
             <version>1.3</version>
@@ -31,10 +31,22 @@
             <version>3.8.0</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+          <dependency>
+            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+           <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.googlecode.grep4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>grep4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${grep4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
-    </properties>	
+        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
+          <grep4j.version>1.8.7</grep4j.version>
+    </properties>
 </project>

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/AdapterPatternDriver.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
 
-import static com.baeldung.designpatterns.util.LogerUtil.LOG;
+import static com.baeldung.util.LogerUtil.LOG;
 
 public class AdapterPatternDriver {
     

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/AstonMartin.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
-
+
-public class AstonMartin implements Movable {
+public class AstonMartin implements Movable {
-    @Override
+    @Override
-    public double getSpeed() {
+    public double getSpeed() {
-        return 220;
+        return 220;
-    }
+    }
-}
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/BugattiVeyron.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
-
+
-public class BugattiVeyron implements Movable {
+public class BugattiVeyron implements Movable {
-    @Override
+    @Override
-    public double getSpeed() {
+    public double getSpeed() {
-        return 268;
+        return 268;
-    }
+    }
-}
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/McLaren.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
-
+
-public class McLaren implements Movable {
+public class McLaren implements Movable {
-    @Override
+    @Override
-    public double getSpeed() {
+    public double getSpeed() {
-        return 241;
+        return 241;
-    }
+    }
-}
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/Movable.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
-
+
-public interface Movable {
+public interface Movable {
-    // returns speed in MPH 
+    // returns speed in MPH 
-    double getSpeed();
+    double getSpeed();
 }

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/MovableAdapter.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
 
 public interface MovableAdapter {
     // returns speed in KMPH 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/adapter/MovableAdapterImpl.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.adapter;
+package com.baeldung.adapter;
 
 public class MovableAdapterImpl implements MovableAdapter {
     private Movable luxuryCars;

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/Blue.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public class Blue implements Color {
     @Override

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/BridgePatternDriver.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public class BridgePatternDriver {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/Color.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public interface Color {
     String fill();

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/Red.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public class Red implements Color {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/Shape.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public abstract class Shape {
     protected Color color;

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/Square.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public class Square extends Shape {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/bridge/Triangle.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.bridge;
+package com.baeldung.bridge;
 
 public class Triangle extends Shape {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/composite/CompositeDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.composite;
+
+/**
+ * Created by Gebruiker on 5/3/2018.
+ */
+public class CompositeDemo {
+
+    public static void main(String args[]) {
+        Department salesDepartment = new SalesDepartment(1, "Sales department");
+        Department financialDepartment = new FinancialDepartment(2, "Financial department");
+
+        HeadDepartment headDepartment = new HeadDepartment(3, "Head department");
+
+        headDepartment.addDepartMent(salesDepartment);
+        headDepartment.addDepartMent(financialDepartment);
+
+        headDepartment.printDepartmentName();
+    }
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/composite/Department.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.composite;
+
+/**
+ * Created by Gebruiker on 5/1/2018.
+ */
+public interface Department {
+
+    void printDepartmentName();
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/composite/FinancialDepartment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.composite;
+
+/**
+ * Created by Gebruiker on 5/1/2018.
+ */
+public class FinancialDepartment implements Department {
+
+    private Integer id;
+    private String name;
+
+    public FinancialDepartment(Integer id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public void printDepartmentName() {
+        System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    public Integer getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Integer id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/composite/HeadDepartment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.composite;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Created by Gebruiker on 5/1/2018.
+ */
+public class HeadDepartment implements Department {
+
+    private Integer id;
+    private String name;
+
+    private List<Department> childDepartments;
+
+    public HeadDepartment(Integer id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.childDepartments = new ArrayList<Department>();
+    }
+
+    public void printDepartmentName() {
+        childDepartments.forEach(Department::printDepartmentName);
+    }
+
+    public void addDepartMent(Department department) {
+        childDepartments.add(department);
+    }
+
+    public void removeDepartment(Department department) {
+        childDepartments.remove(department);
+    }
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/composite/SalesDepartment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.composite;
+
+/**
+ * Created by Gebruiker on 5/1/2018.
+ */
+public class SalesDepartment implements Department {
+
+    private Integer id;
+    private String name;
+
+    public SalesDepartment(Integer id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public void printDepartmentName() {
+        System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    public Integer getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Integer id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/AbstractFactory.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public interface AbstractFactory {
     Animal getAnimal(String toyType) ;

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/AbstractPatternDriver.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class AbstractPatternDriver {
     public static void main(String[] args) {

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/Animal.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public interface Animal {
     String getType();

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/AnimalFactory.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class AnimalFactory implements AbstractFactory {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/Brown.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class Brown implements Color {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/Color.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
+
+public interface Color {
+    String getColor();
+}

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/ColorFactory.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class ColorFactory implements AbstractFactory {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/Dog.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class Dog implements Animal {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/Duck.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class Duck implements Animal {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/FactoryProvider.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class FactoryProvider {
     public static AbstractFactory getFactory(String choice){

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/abstractfactory/White.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.abstractfactory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.abstractfactory;
 
 public class White implements Color {
 

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/builder/BankAccount.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.builder;
+package com.baeldung.creational.builder;
 
 public class BankAccount {
     private String name;

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/builder/BuilderPatternDriver.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.builder;
+package com.baeldung.creational.builder;
 
 public class BuilderPatternDriver {
     public static void main(String[] args) {

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/factory/FactoryDriver.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.factory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.factory;
 
 public class FactoryDriver {
     public static void main(String[] args) {

patterns/design-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/creational/factory/Heptagon.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.designpatterns.creational.factory;
+package com.baeldung.creational.factory;
 
 public class Heptagon implements Polygon {