Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

core-java-8/src/main/java/com/baeldung/nullsafecollectionstreams/NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingCommonsEmptyIfNull.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.nullsafecollectionstreams;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import static org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils.emptyIfNull;
+
+public class NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingCommonsEmptyIfNull {
+
+    /**
+    * This method shows how to make a null safe stream from a collection through the use of 
+    * emptyIfNull() method from Apache Commons CollectionUtils library
+    * 
+     * @param collection The collection that is to be converted into a stream
+     * @return The stream that has been created from the collection or an empty stream if the collection is null
+    */
+    public Stream<String> collectionAsStream(Collection<String> collection) {
+        return emptyIfNull(collection).stream();
+    }
+}

core-java-8/src/main/java/com/baeldung/nullsafecollectionstreams/NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingJava8OptionalContainer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.nullsafecollectionstreams;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingJava8OptionalContainer {
+
+    /**
+    * This method shows how to make a null safe stream from a collection  through the use of 
+    * Java SE 8’s Optional Container
+    * 
+     * @param collection The collection that is to be converted into a stream
+     * @return The stream that has been created from the collection or an empty stream if the collection is null
+    */
+    public Stream<String> collectionAsStream(Collection<String> collection) {
+        return Optional.ofNullable(collection)
+            .map(Collection::stream)
+            .orElseGet(Stream::empty);
+    }
+}

core-java-8/src/main/java/com/baeldung/nullsafecollectionstreams/NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingNullDereferenceCheck.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.nullsafecollectionstreams;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingNullDereferenceCheck {
+    
+    /**
+    * This method shows how to make a null safe stream from a collection through the use of a check 
+    * to prevent null dereferences
+    * 
+    * @param collection The collection that is to be converted into a stream
+    * @return The stream that has been created from the collection or an empty stream if the collection is null
+    */
+    public Stream<String> collectionAsStream(Collection<String> collection) {
+        return collection == null ? Stream.empty() : collection.stream();
+    }    
+
+
+}

core-java-8/src/test/java/com/baeldung/list/AddElementsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package com.baeldung.list;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class AddElementsUnitTest {
+
+    List<Flower> flowers;
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() {
+        this.flowers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(
+                new Flower("Poppy", 12),
+                new Flower("Anemone", 8),
+                new Flower("Catmint", 12)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAList_whenTargetListIsEmpty_thenReturnTargetListWithNewItems() {
+        List<Flower> anotherList = new ArrayList<>();
+        anotherList.addAll(flowers);
+
+        assertEquals(anotherList.size(), flowers.size());
+        Assert.assertTrue(anotherList.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAList_whenTargetListIsEmpty_thenReturnTargetListWithOneModifiedElementByConstructor() {
+        List<Flower> anotherList = new ArrayList<>();
+        anotherList.addAll(flowers);
+
+        Flower flower = anotherList.get(0);
+        flower.setPetals(flowers.get(0).getPetals() * 3);
+
+        assertEquals(anotherList.size(), flowers.size());
+        Assert.assertTrue(anotherList.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAListAndElements_whenUseCollectionsAddAll_thenAddElementsToTargetList() {
+        List<Flower> target = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        Collections.addAll(target, flowers.get(0), flowers.get(1), flowers.get(2), flowers.get(0));
+
+        assertEquals(target.size(), 4);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoList_whenSourceListDoesNotHaveNullElements_thenAddElementsToTargetListSkipFirstElementByStreamProcess() {
+        List<Flower> flowerVase = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        flowers.stream()
+                .skip(1)
+                .forEachOrdered(flowerVase::add);
+
+        assertEquals(flowerVase.size() + 1, flowers.size());
+        assertFalse(flowerVase.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoList_whenSourceListDoesNotHaveNullElements_thenAddElementsToTargetListFilteringElementsByStreamProcess() {
+        List<Flower> flowerVase = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        flowers.stream()
+                .filter(f -> f.getPetals() > 10)
+                .forEachOrdered(flowerVase::add);
+
+        assertEquals(flowerVase.size() + 1, flowers.size());
+        assertFalse(flowerVase.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAList_whenListIsNotNull_thenAddElementsToListByStreamProcessWihtOptional() {
+        List<Flower> target = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        Optional.ofNullable(flowers)
+                .ifPresent(target::addAll);
+
+        assertNotNull(target);
+        assertEquals(target.size(), 3);
+    }
+}

core-java-8/src/test/java/com/baeldung/nullsafecollectionstreams/NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingCommonsEmptyIfNullUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.nullsafecollectionstreams;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+
+public class NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingCommonsEmptyIfNullUnitTest {
+
+    private final NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingCommonsEmptyIfNull instance = 
+            new NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingCommonsEmptyIfNull();
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectionIsNull_thenExpectAnEmptyStream() {
+        Collection<String> collection = null;
+        Stream<String> expResult = Stream.empty();
+        Stream<String> result = instance.collectionAsStream(collection);
+        assertStreamEquals(expResult, result);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectionHasElements_thenExpectAStreamOfExactlyTheSameElements() {
+
+        Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
+        Stream<String> expResult = Arrays.stream(new String[] { "a", "b", "c" });
+        Stream<String> result = instance.collectionAsStream(collection);
+        assertStreamEquals(expResult, result);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStreamEquals(Stream<?> s1, Stream<?> s2) {
+        Iterator<?> iter1 = s1.iterator(), iter2 = s2.iterator();
+        while (iter1.hasNext() && iter2.hasNext())
+            assertEquals(iter1.next(), iter2.next());
+        assert !iter1.hasNext() && !iter2.hasNext();
+    }
+    
+}

core-java-8/src/test/java/com/baeldung/nullsafecollectionstreams/NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingJava8OptionalContainerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
+ * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
+ * and open the template in the editor.
+ */
+package com.baeldung.nullsafecollectionstreams;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Kwaje Anthony <kwajeanthony@gmail.com>
+ */
+public class NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingJava8OptionalContainerUnitTest {
+    
+    private final NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingJava8OptionalContainer instance = 
+            new NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingJava8OptionalContainer();
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectionIsNull_thenExpectAnEmptyStream() {
+        Collection<String> collection = null;
+        Stream<String> expResult = Stream.empty();
+        Stream<String> result = instance.collectionAsStream(collection);
+        assertStreamEquals(expResult, result);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectionHasElements_thenExpectAStreamOfExactlyTheSameElements() {
+
+        Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
+        Stream<String> expResult = Arrays.stream(new String[] { "a", "b", "c" });
+        Stream<String> result = instance.collectionAsStream(collection);
+        assertStreamEquals(expResult, result);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStreamEquals(Stream<?> s1, Stream<?> s2) {
+        Iterator<?> iter1 = s1.iterator(), iter2 = s2.iterator();
+        while (iter1.hasNext() && iter2.hasNext())
+            assertEquals(iter1.next(), iter2.next());
+        assert !iter1.hasNext() && !iter2.hasNext();
+    }
+    
+}

core-java-8/src/test/java/com/baeldung/nullsafecollectionstreams/NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingNullDereferenceCheckUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+package com.baeldung.nullsafecollectionstreams;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Kwaje Anthony <kwajeanthony@gmail.com>
+ */
+public class NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingNullDereferenceCheckUnitTest {
+
+    private final NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingNullDereferenceCheck instance = 
+            new NullSafeCollectionStreamsUsingNullDereferenceCheck();
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectionIsNull_thenExpectAnEmptyStream() {
+        Collection<String> collection = null;
+        Stream<String> expResult = Stream.empty();
+        Stream<String> result = instance.collectionAsStream(collection);
+        assertStreamEquals(expResult, result);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectionHasElements_thenExpectAStreamOfExactlyTheSameElements() {
+
+        Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
+        Stream<String> expResult = Arrays.stream(new String[] { "a", "b", "c" });
+        Stream<String> result = instance.collectionAsStream(collection);
+        assertStreamEquals(expResult, result);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStreamEquals(Stream<?> s1, Stream<?> s2) {
+        Iterator<?> iter1 = s1.iterator(), iter2 = s2.iterator();
+        while (iter1.hasNext() && iter2.hasNext())
+            assertEquals(iter1.next(), iter2.next());
+        assert !iter1.hasNext() && !iter2.hasNext();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-9/pom.xml

@@ -19,11 +19,23 @@
             <version>${awaitility.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
             <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
             <version>${guava.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -50,6 +62,8 @@
 
     <properties>
         <!-- testing -->
+        <assertj.version>3.10.0</assertj.version>
+        <junit.platform.version>1.2.0</junit.platform.version>
         <awaitility.version>1.7.0</awaitility.version>
         <maven.compiler.source>1.9</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>1.9</maven.compiler.target>

core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/language/stream/StreamsGroupingCollectionFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.language.stream;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.filtering;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.groupingBy;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class StreamsGroupingCollectionFilter {
+
+    static public Map<Integer, List<Integer>> findEvenNumbersAfterGroupingByQuantityOfDigits(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Function<Integer, Integer> getQuantityOfDigits = item -> (int) Math.log10(item) + 1;
+
+        return baseCollection.stream()
+            .collect(groupingBy(getQuantityOfDigits, filtering(item -> item % 2 == 0, toList())));
+    }
+
+    static public Map<Integer, List<Integer>> findEvenNumbersBeforeGroupingByQuantityOfDigits(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+
+        return baseCollection.stream()
+            .filter(item -> item % 2 == 0)
+            .collect(groupingBy(item -> (int) Math.log10(item) + 1, toList()));
+    }
+}

core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/maps/initialize/MapsInitializer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.maps.initialize;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class MapsInitializer {
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    public void createMapWithMapOf() {
+        Map<String, String> emptyMap = Map.of();
+        Map<String, String> singletonMap = Map.of("key1", "value");
+        Map<String, String> map = Map.of("key1","value1", "key2", "value2");
+    }
+    
+    public void createMapWithMapEntries() {
+        Map<String, String> map = Map.ofEntries(
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("name", "John"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("city", "budapest"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("zip", "000000"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("home", "1231231231")
+            );
+    }
+    
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    public void createMutableMaps() {
+        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String> (Map.of("key1","value1", "key2", "value2"));
+        Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String> ( Map.ofEntries(
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("name", "John"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("city", "budapest")));
+        
+    }
+}

core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/language/stream/CollectionFilterUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.language.stream;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.platform.runner.JUnitPlatform;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(JUnitPlatform.class)
+public class CollectionFilterUnitTest {
+
+    private static final Collection<Integer> BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION = Arrays.asList(9, 12, 55, 56, 101, 115, 8002, 223, 2668, 19, 8);
+    private static final Map<Integer, List<Integer>> EXPECTED_EVEN_FILTERED_AFTER_GROUPING_MAP = createExpectedFilterAfterGroupingMap();
+    private static Map<Integer, List<Integer>> createExpectedFilterAfterGroupingMap() {
+        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put(1, Arrays.asList(8));
+        map.put(2, Arrays.asList(12, 56));
+        map.put(3, Collections.emptyList());
+        map.put(4, Arrays.asList(8002, 2668));
+        return map;
+
+    }
+
+    private static final Map<Integer, List<Integer>> EXPECTED_EVEN_FILTERED_BEFORE_GROUPING_MAP = createExpectedFilterBeforeGroupingMap();
+    private static Map<Integer, List<Integer>> createExpectedFilterBeforeGroupingMap() {
+        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put(1, Arrays.asList(8));
+        map.put(2, Arrays.asList(12, 56));
+        map.put(4, Arrays.asList(8002, 2668));
+        return map;
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAStringCollection_whenFilteringFourLetterWords_thenObtainTheFilteredCollection() {
+        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> filteredAfterGroupingMap = StreamsGroupingCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbersAfterGroupingByQuantityOfDigits(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION);
+        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> filteredBeforeGroupingMap = StreamsGroupingCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbersBeforeGroupingByQuantityOfDigits(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION);
+
+        assertThat(filteredAfterGroupingMap).containsAllEntriesOf(EXPECTED_EVEN_FILTERED_AFTER_GROUPING_MAP);
+        assertThat(filteredBeforeGroupingMap).doesNotContainKey(3)
+            .containsAllEntriesOf(EXPECTED_EVEN_FILTERED_BEFORE_GROUPING_MAP);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-collections/pom.xml

@@ -36,19 +36,37 @@
             <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
             <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.eclipse.collections</groupId>
+            <artifactId>eclipse-collections-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${eclipse.collections.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.eclipse.collections</groupId>
+            <artifactId>eclipse-collections</artifactId>
+            <version>${eclipse.collections.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
             <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
             <version>${assertj.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
+        <junit.platform.version>1.2.0</junit.platform.version>
         <commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version>
         <commons-collections4.version>4.1</commons-collections4.version>
         <collections-generic.version>4.01</collections-generic.version>
         <avaitility.version>1.7.0</avaitility.version>
         <assertj.version>3.6.1</assertj.version>
+        <eclipse.collections.version>9.2.0</eclipse.collections.version>
     </properties>
 </project>

core-java-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/filtering/CollectionUtilsCollectionFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.filtering;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.Predicate;
+
+public class CollectionUtilsCollectionFilter {
+
+    static public Collection<Integer> findEvenNumbers(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Predicate<Integer> apacheEventNumberPredicate = item -> item % 2 == 0;
+
+        CollectionUtils.filter(baseCollection, apacheEventNumberPredicate);
+        return baseCollection;
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/filtering/EclipseCollectionsCollectionFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.filtering;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import org.eclipse.collections.api.block.predicate.Predicate;
+import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.Lists;
+import org.eclipse.collections.impl.utility.Iterate;
+
+public class EclipseCollectionsCollectionFilter {
+
+    static public Collection<Integer> findEvenNumbers(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Predicate<Integer> eclipsePredicate = item -> item % 2 == 0;
+        Collection<Integer> filteredList = Lists.mutable.ofAll(baseCollection)
+            .select(eclipsePredicate);
+
+        return filteredList;
+    }
+
+    static public Collection<Integer> findEvenNumbersUsingIterate(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Predicate<Integer> eclipsePredicate = new Predicate<Integer>() {
+            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(Integer arg0) {
+                return arg0 % 2 == 0;
+            }
+        };
+        Collection<Integer> filteredList = Iterate.select(baseCollection, eclipsePredicate);
+
+        return filteredList;
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/filtering/GuavaCollectionFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.filtering;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
+import com.google.common.collect.Collections2;
+
+public class GuavaCollectionFilter {
+
+    static public Collection<Integer> findEvenNumbers(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Predicate<Integer> guavaPredicate = item -> item % 2 == 0;
+
+        Collection<Integer> filteredCollection = Collections2.filter(baseCollection, guavaPredicate);
+        return filteredCollection;
+    }
+
+}

core-java-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/filtering/StreamsCollectionFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.filtering;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class StreamsCollectionFilter {
+
+    public static <T> Collection<T> filterCollectionHelperMethod(Collection<T> baseCollection, Predicate<T> predicate) {
+        return baseCollection.stream()
+            .filter(predicate)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    static public Collection<Integer> findEvenNumbersUsingHelperMethod(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        return filterCollectionHelperMethod(baseCollection, item -> item % 2 == 0);
+    }
+
+    static public Collection<Integer> findEvenNumbers(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Predicate<Integer> streamsPredicate = item -> item % 2 == 0;
+
+        return baseCollection.stream()
+            .filter(streamsPredicate)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/list/Flower.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.list;
+
+public class Flower {
+
+    private String name;
+    private int petals;
+
+    public Flower(String name, int petals) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.petals = petals;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public int getPetals() {
+        return petals;
+    }
+
+    public void setPetals(int petals) {
+        this.petals = petals;
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/map/initialize/MapInitializer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.map.initialize;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class MapInitializer {
+
+    public static Map<String, String> articleMapOne;
+    static {
+        articleMapOne = new HashMap<>();
+        articleMapOne.put("ar01", "Intro to Map");
+        articleMapOne.put("ar02", "Some article");
+    }
+
+    public static Map<String, String> createSingletonMap() {
+        Map<String, String> passwordMap = Collections.singletonMap("username1", "password1");
+        return passwordMap;
+
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> createEmptyMap() {
+        Map<String, String> emptyMap = Collections.emptyMap();
+        return emptyMap;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> createUsingDoubleBrace() {
+        Map<String, String> doubleBraceMap = new HashMap<String, String>() {
+
+            /**
+             * 
+             */
+            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+            {
+                put("key1", "value1");
+                put("key2", "value2");
+            }
+        };
+        return doubleBraceMap;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> createMapUsingStreamStringArray() {
+        Map<String, String> map = Stream.of(new String[][] { { "Hello", "World" }, { "John", "Doe" }, })
+            .collect(Collectors.toMap(data -> data[0], data -> data[1]));
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Integer> createMapUsingStreamObjectArray() {
+        Map<String, Integer> map = Stream.of(new Object[][] { { "data1", 1 }, { "data2", 2 }, })
+            .collect(Collectors.toMap(data -> (String) data[0], data -> (Integer) data[1]));
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Integer> createMapUsingStreamSimpleEntry() {
+        Map<String, Integer> map = Stream.of(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>("idea", 1), new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>("mobile", 2))
+            .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Integer> createMapUsingStreamSimpleImmutableEntry() {
+        Map<String, Integer> map = Stream.of(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>("idea", 1), new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>("mobile", 2))
+            .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> createImmutableMapWithStreams() {
+        Map<String, String> map = Stream.of(new String[][] { { "Hello", "World" }, { "John", "Doe" }, })
+            .collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toMap(data -> data[0], data -> data[1]), Collections::<String, String> unmodifiableMap));
+        return map;
+
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/filtering/CollectionFiltersUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.filtering;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.platform.runner.JUnitPlatform;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(JUnitPlatform.class)
+public class CollectionFiltersUnitTest {
+
+    private static final Collection<Integer> BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION = Arrays.asList(9, 14, 2, 7, 1, 5, 8);
+    private static final Collection<Integer> EXPECTED_EVEN_FILTERED_COLLECTION = Arrays.asList(14, 2, 8);
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAStringCollection_whenFilteringFourLetterWords_thenObtainTheFilteredCollection() {
+        final Collection<String> baseStrings = Arrays.asList("java", "baeldung", "type", "example", "other");
+
+        Collection<String> filtered = StreamsCollectionFilter.filterCollectionHelperMethod(baseStrings, item -> item.length() == 4);
+
+        assertThat(filtered).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("java", "type");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnIntegerCollection_whenFilteringEvenValues_thenObtainTheFilteredCollectionForAllCases() {
+        Collection<Integer> filteredWithStreams1 = StreamsCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbers(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION);
+        Collection<Integer> filteredWithCollectionUtils = CollectionUtilsCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbers(new ArrayList<>(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION));
+        Collection<Integer> filteredWithEclipseCollections = EclipseCollectionsCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbers(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION);
+        Collection<Integer> filteredWithEclipseCollectionsUsingIterate = EclipseCollectionsCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbersUsingIterate(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION);
+        Collection<Integer> filteredWithGuava = GuavaCollectionFilter.findEvenNumbers(BASE_INTEGER_COLLECTION);
+
+        assertThat(filteredWithStreams1).hasSameElementsAs(filteredWithCollectionUtils)
+            .hasSameElementsAs(filteredWithEclipseCollections)
+            .hasSameElementsAs(filteredWithEclipseCollectionsUsingIterate)
+            .hasSameElementsAs(filteredWithEclipseCollectionsUsingIterate)
+            .hasSameElementsAs(filteredWithGuava)
+            .hasSameElementsAs(EXPECTED_EVEN_FILTERED_COLLECTION);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/map/initialize/MapInitializerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.map.initialize;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class MapInitializerUnitTest {
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenStaticMap_whenUpdated_thenCorrect() {
+        
+        MapInitializer.articleMapOne.put("NewArticle1", "Convert array to List");
+        
+        assertEquals(MapInitializer.articleMapOne.get("NewArticle1"), "Convert array to List");
+        
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected=UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void givenSingleTonMap_whenEntriesAdded_throwsException() {
+        
+        Map<String, String> map = MapInitializer.createSingletonMap();
+        map.put("username2", "password2");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/list/listoflist/AddElementsToListUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package com.baeldung.list.listoflist;
+
+import com.baeldung.java.list.Flower;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import java.util.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class AddElementsToListUnitTest {
+
+    List<Flower> flowers;
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() {
+        this.flowers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(
+                new Flower("Poppy", 12),
+                new Flower("Anemone", 8),
+                new Flower("Catmint", 12)));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void givenAList_whenTargetListIsEmpty_thenReturnTargetListWithNewItems() {
+        List<Flower> anotherList = new ArrayList<>();
+        anotherList.addAll(flowers);
+        assertEquals(anotherList.size(), flowers.size());
+        Assert.assertTrue(anotherList.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void givenAList_whenTargetListIsEmpty_thenReturnTargetListWithOneModifiedElementByConstructor() {
+        List<Flower> anotherList = new ArrayList<>();
+        anotherList.addAll(flowers);
+        Flower flower = anotherList.get(0);
+        flower.setPetals(flowers.get(0).getPetals() * 3);
+        assertEquals(anotherList.size(), flowers.size());
+        Assert.assertTrue(anotherList.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void givenAListAndElements_whenUseCollectionsAddAll_thenAddElementsToTargetList() {
+        List<Flower> target = new ArrayList<>();
+        Collections.addAll(target, flowers.get(0), flowers.get(1), flowers.get(2), flowers.get(0));
+        assertEquals(target.size(), 4);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoList_whenSourceListDoesNotHaveNullElements_thenAddElementsToTargetListSkipFirstElementByStreamProcess() {
+        List<Flower> flowerVase = new ArrayList<>();
+        flowers.stream()
+                .skip(1)
+                .forEachOrdered(flowerVase::add);
+        assertEquals(flowerVase.size() + 1, flowers.size());
+        assertFalse(flowerVase.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoList_whenSourceListDoesNotHaveNullElements_thenAddElementsToTargetListFilteringElementsByStreamProcess() {
+        List<Flower> flowerVase = new ArrayList<>();
+        flowers.stream()
+                .filter(f -> f.getPetals() > 10)
+                .forEachOrdered(flowerVase::add);
+        assertEquals(flowerVase.size() + 1, flowers.size());
+        assertFalse(flowerVase.containsAll(flowers));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void givenAList_whenListIsNotNull_thenAddElementsToListByStreamProcessWihtOptional() {
+        List<Flower> target = new ArrayList<>();
+        Optional.ofNullable(flowers)
+                .ifPresent(target::addAll);
+        assertNotNull(target);
+        assertEquals(target.size(), 3);
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/list/removefirst/RemoveFirstElementUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.list.removefirst;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class RemoveFirstElementUnitTest {
+
+    private List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+    private LinkedList<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() {
+
+        list.add("cat");
+        list.add("dog");
+        list.add("pig");
+        list.add("cow");
+        list.add("goat");
+
+        linkedList.add("cat");
+        linkedList.add("dog");
+        linkedList.add("pig");
+        linkedList.add("cow");
+        linkedList.add("goat");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_whenRemoveFirst_thenRemoved() {
+        list.remove(0);
+
+        assertThat(list, hasSize(4));
+        assertThat(list, not(contains("cat")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLinkedList_whenRemoveFirst_thenRemoved() {
+
+        linkedList.removeFirst();
+
+        assertThat(linkedList, hasSize(4));
+        assertThat(linkedList, not(contains("cat")));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-persistence/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-persistence</groupId>
+    <artifactId>core-java-persistence</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>core-java-persistence</name>
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-java</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../parent-java</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj-core.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+            <version>${h2database.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-dbcp2.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
+            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
+            <version>${HikariCP.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
+            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
+            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <build>
+        <finalName>core-java-persistence</finalName>
+        <resources>
+            <resource>
+                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+                <filtering>true</filtering>
+            </resource>
+        </resources>
+    </build>    
+    <properties>
+        <assertj-core.version>3.10.0</assertj-core.version>
+        <h2database.version>1.4.197</h2database.version>
+        <commons-dbcp2.version>2.4.0</commons-dbcp2.version>
+        <HikariCP.version>3.2.0</HikariCP.version>
+        <c3p0.version>0.9.5.2</c3p0.version>
+    </properties>
+</project>

core-java-persistence/src/main/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/BasicConnectionPool.java

@@ -1,85 +1,92 @@
-package com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools;
+package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
-
+
-import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Connection;
-import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
-import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
+import java.util.List;
-
+
-public class BasicConnectionPool implements ConnectionPool {
+public class BasicConnectionPool implements ConnectionPool {
-
+
-    private final String url;
+    private final String url;
-    private final String user;
+    private final String user;
-    private final String password;
+    private final String password;
-    private final List<Connection> connectionPool;
+    private final List<Connection> connectionPool;
-    private final List<Connection> usedConnections = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<Connection> usedConnections = new ArrayList<>();
-    private static final int INITIAL_POOL_SIZE = 10;
+    private static final int INITIAL_POOL_SIZE = 10;
-    private final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 20;
+    private final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 20;
-    
+
-    public static BasicConnectionPool create(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException {
+    public static BasicConnectionPool create(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException {
-        List<Connection> pool = new ArrayList<>(INITIAL_POOL_SIZE);
+        List<Connection> pool = new ArrayList<>(INITIAL_POOL_SIZE);
-        for (int i = 0; i < INITIAL_POOL_SIZE; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < INITIAL_POOL_SIZE; i++) {
-            pool.add(createConnection(url, user, password));
+            pool.add(createConnection(url, user, password));
-        }
+        }
-        return new BasicConnectionPool(url, user, password, pool);
+        return new BasicConnectionPool(url, user, password, pool);
-    }
+    }
-    
+
-    private BasicConnectionPool(String url, String user, String password, List<Connection> connectionPool) {
+    private BasicConnectionPool(String url, String user, String password, List<Connection> connectionPool) {
-        this.url = url;
+        this.url = url;
-        this.user = user;
+        this.user = user;
-        this.password = password;
+        this.password = password;
-        this.connectionPool = connectionPool;
+        this.connectionPool = connectionPool;
-    }
+    }
-    
+
-    @Override
+    @Override
-    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
+    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
-        if (connectionPool.isEmpty()) {
+        if (connectionPool.isEmpty()) {
-            if (usedConnections.size() < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
+            if (usedConnections.size() < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
-                connectionPool.add(createConnection(url, user, password));
+                connectionPool.add(createConnection(url, user, password));
-            } else {
+            } else {
-                throw new RuntimeException("Maximum pool size reached, no available connections!");
+                throw new RuntimeException("Maximum pool size reached, no available connections!");
-            }
+            }
-        }
+        }
-
+
-        Connection connection = connectionPool.remove(connectionPool.size() - 1);
+        Connection connection = connectionPool.remove(connectionPool.size() - 1);
-        usedConnections.add(connection);
+        usedConnections.add(connection);
-        return connection;
+        return connection;
-    }
+    }
-    
+
-    @Override
+    @Override
-    public boolean releaseConnection(Connection connection) {
+    public boolean releaseConnection(Connection connection) {
-        connectionPool.add(connection);
+        connectionPool.add(connection);
-        return usedConnections.remove(connection);
+        return usedConnections.remove(connection);
-    }
+    }
-    
+
-    private static Connection createConnection(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException {
+    private static Connection createConnection(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException {
-        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
+        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
-    }
+    }
-    
+
-    public int getSize() {
+    @Override
-        return connectionPool.size() + usedConnections.size();
+    public int getSize() {
-    }
+        return connectionPool.size() + usedConnections.size();
-
+    }
-    @Override
+
-    public String getUrl() {
+    @Override
-        return url;
+    public List<Connection> getConnectionPool() {
-    }
+        return connectionPool;
-
+    }
-    @Override
+    
-    public String getUser() {
+    @Override
-        return user;
+    public String getUrl() {
-    }
+        return url;
-
+    }
-    @Override
+
-    public String getPassword() {
+    @Override
-        return password;
+    public String getUser() {
-    }
+        return user;
-
+    }
-    public void shutdown() throws SQLException {
+
-        usedConnections.forEach(this::releaseConnection);
+    @Override
-        for (Connection c : connectionPool) {
+    public String getPassword() {
-            c.close();
+        return password;
-        }
+    }
-        connectionPool.clear();
+    
-    }
+    @Override
-}
+    public void shutdown() throws SQLException {
+        usedConnections.forEach(this::releaseConnection);
+        for (Connection c : connectionPool) {
+            c.close();
+        }
+        connectionPool.clear();
+    }
+}

core-java-persistence/src/main/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/C3poDataSource.java

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-package com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools;
+package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
-
+
-import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
+import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
-import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
+import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
-import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Connection;
-import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
-
+
-public class C3poDataSource {
+public class C3poDataSource {
-
+
-    private static final ComboPooledDataSource cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
+    private static final ComboPooledDataSource cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
-
+
-    static {
+    static {
-        try {
+        try {
-            cpds.setDriverClass("org.h2.Driver");
+            cpds.setDriverClass("org.h2.Driver");
-            cpds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:test");
+            cpds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:test");
-            cpds.setUser("user");
+            cpds.setUser("user");
-            cpds.setPassword("password");
+            cpds.setPassword("password");
-        } catch (PropertyVetoException e) {
+        } catch (PropertyVetoException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
+            e.printStackTrace();
-        }
+        }
-    }
+    }
-    
+    
-    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
+    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
-        return cpds.getConnection();
+        return cpds.getConnection();
-    }
+    }
-    
+    
-    private C3poDataSource(){}
+    private C3poDataSource(){}
 }

core-java-persistence/src/main/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/ConnectionPool.java

@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
-package com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools;
+package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
-
+
-import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Connection;
-import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.List;
+import java.util.List;
-
+
-public interface ConnectionPool {
+public interface ConnectionPool {
-
+
-    Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;
+    Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;
-    
+    
-    boolean releaseConnection(Connection connection);
+    boolean releaseConnection(Connection connection);
-    
+    
-    String getUrl();
+    List<Connection> getConnectionPool();
-    
+    
-    String getUser();
+    int getSize();
-
+    
-    String getPassword();
+    String getUrl();
+    
+    String getUser();
+
+    String getPassword();
+    
+    void shutdown() throws SQLException;;
 }   

core-java-persistence/src/main/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/DBCPDataSource.java

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-package com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools;
+package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
-
+
-import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Connection;
-import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
-import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource;
+import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource;
-
+
-public class DBCPDataSource {
+public class DBCPDataSource {
-    
+    
-    private static final BasicDataSource ds = new BasicDataSource();
+    private static final BasicDataSource ds = new BasicDataSource();
-    
+    
-    static {
+    static {
-        ds.setUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:test");
+        ds.setUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:test");
-        ds.setUsername("user");
+        ds.setUsername("user");
-        ds.setPassword("password");
+        ds.setPassword("password");
-        ds.setMinIdle(5);
+        ds.setMinIdle(5);
-        ds.setMaxIdle(10);
+        ds.setMaxIdle(10);
-        ds.setMaxOpenPreparedStatements(100);
+        ds.setMaxOpenPreparedStatements(100);
-    }
+    }
-    
+    
-    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
+    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
-        return ds.getConnection();
+        return ds.getConnection();
-    }
+    }
-    
+    
-    private DBCPDataSource(){}
+    private DBCPDataSource(){}
-}
+}

core-java-persistence/src/main/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/HikariCPDataSource.java

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-package com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools;
+package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
-
+
-import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariConfig;
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariConfig;
-import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
-import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Connection;
-import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
-
+
-public class HikariCPDataSource {
+public class HikariCPDataSource {
-    
+    
-    private static final HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+    private static final HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
-    private static final HikariDataSource ds;
+    private static final HikariDataSource ds;
-    
+    
-    static {
+    static {
-        config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:test");
+        config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:test");
-        config.setUsername("user");
+        config.setUsername("user");
-        config.setPassword("password");
+        config.setPassword("password");
-        config.addDataSourceProperty("cachePrepStmts", "true");
+        config.addDataSourceProperty("cachePrepStmts", "true");
-        config.addDataSourceProperty("prepStmtCacheSize", "250");
+        config.addDataSourceProperty("prepStmtCacheSize", "250");
-        config.addDataSourceProperty("prepStmtCacheSqlLimit", "2048");
+        config.addDataSourceProperty("prepStmtCacheSqlLimit", "2048");
-        ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
-    }
+    }
-    
+    
-    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
+    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
-        return ds.getConnection();
+        return ds.getConnection();
-    }
+    }
-    
+    
-    private HikariCPDataSource(){}
+    private HikariCPDataSource(){}
-}
+}

core-java-persistence/src/test/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/BasicConnectionPoolUnitTest.java

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
 
-import com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools.BasicConnectionPool;
-import com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools.ConnectionPool;
 import java.sql.Connection;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.List;
+
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

core-java-persistence/src/test/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/C3poDataSourceUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
 
-import com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools.C3poDataSource;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import org.junit.Test;

core-java-persistence/src/test/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/DBCPDataSourceUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
 
-import com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools.DBCPDataSource;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import org.junit.Test;

core-java-persistence/src/test/java/com/baeldung/connectionpool/HikariCPDataSourceUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.connectionpool;
 
-import com.baeldung.connectionpool.connectionpools.HikariCPDataSource;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import org.junit.Test;

core-java/pom.xml

@@ -158,21 +158,6 @@
             <artifactId>jmimemagic</artifactId>
             <version>${jmime-magic.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
-            <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
-            <version>${commons-dbcp2.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
-            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
-            <version>${HikariCP.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
-            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
-            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
         <!-- instrumentation -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
@@ -544,11 +529,6 @@
         <!-- testing -->
         <assertj-core.version>3.10.0</assertj-core.version>
 
-        <!-- JDBC pooling frameworks -->
-        <commons-dbcp2.version>2.4.0</commons-dbcp2.version>
-        <HikariCP.version>3.2.0</HikariCP.version>
-        <c3p0.version>0.9.5.2</c3p0.version>
-        
         <!-- maven plugins -->
         <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.19.1</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
         <springframework.spring-web.version>4.3.4.RELEASE</springframework.spring-web.version>

google-web-toolkit/pom.xml

@@ -6,10 +6,16 @@
 	<!-- POM file generated with GWT webAppCreator -->
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 	<groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-	<artifactId>google-web-toolkit</artifactId>
+	<artifactId>google_web_toolkit</artifactId>
 	<packaging>war</packaging>
 	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
 	<dependencyManagement>
 		<dependencies>
 			<!-- ensure all GWT deps use the same version (unless overridden) -->

google-web-toolkit/src/main/java/com/baeldung/Google_web_toolkit.gwt.xml

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
   <!-- Specify the app entry point class.                         -->
   <entry-point class='com.baeldung.client.Google_web_toolkit'/>
 
+  <set-property name="user.agent" value="gecko1_8"/>
+
   <!-- Specify the paths for translatable code                    -->
   <source path='client'/>
   <source path='shared'/>

libraries/pom.xml

@@ -771,6 +771,11 @@
             <version>${hamcrest-all.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+	<dependency>
+            <groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
+            <artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3</artifactId>
+            <version>1.2.0</version>
+        </dependency>	
 
     </dependencies>
 
@@ -1019,4 +1024,4 @@
         <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.0.2</maven-jar-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
-</project>
+</project>

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/mqtt/EngineTemperatureSensor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.mqtt;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+
+import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttClient;
+import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class EngineTemperatureSensor implements Callable<Void> {
+    
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EngineTemperatureSensor.class);
+    public static final String TOPIC = "engine/temperature";
+
+    private IMqttClient client;
+    private Random rnd = new Random();
+
+    public EngineTemperatureSensor(IMqttClient client) {
+        this.client = client;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Void call() throws Exception {
+        
+        if ( !client.isConnected()) {
+            log.info("[I31] Client not connected.");
+            return null;
+        }
+            
+        MqttMessage msg = readEngineTemp();
+        msg.setQos(0);
+        msg.setRetained(true);
+        client.publish(TOPIC,msg);        
+        
+        return null;        
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * This method simulates reading the engine temperature
+     * @return
+     */
+    private MqttMessage readEngineTemp() {             
+        double temp =  80 + rnd.nextDouble() * 20.0;        
+        byte[] payload = String.format("T:%04.2f",temp).getBytes();        
+        MqttMessage msg = new MqttMessage(payload); 
+        return msg;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/mqtt/EngineTemperatureSensorLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package com.baeldung.mqtt;
+
+
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
+import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class EngineTemperatureSensorLiveTest {
+    
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EngineTemperatureSensorLiveTest.class);
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSendSingleMessage_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+
+        String publisherId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        MqttClient publisher = new MqttClient("tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883",publisherId);
+        
+        String subscriberId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        MqttClient subscriber = new MqttClient("tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883",subscriberId);
+        
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setAutomaticReconnect(true);
+        options.setCleanSession(true);
+        options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
+        
+        
+        subscriber.connect(options);
+        publisher.connect(options);
+        
+        CountDownLatch receivedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        
+        subscriber.subscribe(EngineTemperatureSensor.TOPIC, (topic, msg) -> {
+            byte[] payload = msg.getPayload();
+            log.info("[I46] Message received: topic={}, payload={}", topic, new String(payload));
+            receivedSignal.countDown();
+        });
+        
+        
+        Callable<Void> target = new EngineTemperatureSensor(publisher);
+        target.call();
+
+        receivedSignal.await(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+
+        log.info("[I56] Success !");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenSendMultipleMessages_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+
+        String publisherId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        MqttClient publisher = new MqttClient("tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883",publisherId);
+        
+        String subscriberId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        MqttClient subscriber = new MqttClient("tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883",subscriberId);
+        
+        
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setAutomaticReconnect(true);
+        options.setCleanSession(true);
+        options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
+        
+
+        publisher.connect(options);        
+        subscriber.connect(options);
+        
+        CountDownLatch receivedSignal = new CountDownLatch(10);
+        
+        subscriber.subscribe(EngineTemperatureSensor.TOPIC, (topic, msg) -> {
+            byte[] payload = msg.getPayload();
+            log.info("[I82] Message received: topic={}, payload={}", topic, new String(payload));
+            receivedSignal.countDown();
+        });
+        
+        
+        Callable<Void> target = new EngineTemperatureSensor(publisher);
+        
+        ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
+        executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
+              try {
+                  target.call();
+              }
+              catch(Exception ex) {
+                  throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+              }
+          }, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        
+
+        receivedSignal.await(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+        executor.shutdown();
+        
+        assertTrue(receivedSignal.getCount() == 0 , "Countdown should be zero");
+
+        log.info("[I105] Success !");
+    }
+    
+
+}

logging-modules/log4j2/pom.xml

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
             <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
             <version>${log4j-core.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        
+        <!-- This is the needed API component. -->
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+          <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
+          <version>${log4j-core.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
 
         <!-- This is used by JSONLayout. -->
         <dependency>
@@ -114,4 +121,4 @@
         <maven.build.timestamp.format>yyyyMMddHHmmss</maven.build.timestamp.format>
     </properties>
 
-</project>
+</project>

logging-modules/log4j2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/logging/log4j2/appender/MapAppender.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package com.baeldung.logging.log4j2.appender;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Appender;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Core;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Filter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractAppender;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttribute;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginElement;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
+
+@Plugin(name = "MapAppender", category = Core.CATEGORY_NAME, elementType = Appender.ELEMENT_TYPE)
+public class MapAppender extends AbstractAppender {
+
+    private ConcurrentMap<String, LogEvent> eventMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    protected MapAppender(String name, Filter filter) {
+        super(name, filter, null);
+    }
+
+    @PluginFactory
+    public static MapAppender createAppender(@PluginAttribute("name") String name, @PluginElement("Filter") final Filter filter) {
+        return new MapAppender(name, filter);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void append(LogEvent event) {
+        if (event.getLevel()
+            .isLessSpecificThan(Level.WARN)) {
+            error("Unable to log less than WARN level.");
+            return;
+        }
+        eventMap.put(Instant.now()
+            .toString(), event);
+    }
+
+    public ConcurrentMap<String, LogEvent> getEventMap() {
+        return eventMap;
+    }
+
+    public void setEventMap(ConcurrentMap<String, LogEvent> eventMap) {
+        this.eventMap = eventMap;
+    }
+
+}

logging-modules/log4j2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/logging/log4j2/appender/MapAppenderIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.logging.log4j2.appender;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class MapAppenderIntegrationTest {
+
+    private Logger logger;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        logger = LogManager.getLogger(MapAppenderIntegrationTest.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenLoggerEmitsLoggingEvent_thenAppenderReceivesEvent() throws Exception {
+        logger.info("Test from {}", this.getClass()
+            .getSimpleName());
+        LoggerContext context = LoggerContext.getContext(false);
+        Configuration config = context.getConfiguration();
+        MapAppender appender = config.getAppender("MapAppender");
+        assertEquals(appender.getEventMap()
+            .size(), 1);
+    }
+
+}

logging-modules/log4j2/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<Configuration xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+<Configuration xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" 
-    status="WARN">
+    packages="com.baeldung" status="WARN">
     <Appenders>
         <xi:include
             href="log4j2-includes/console-appender_pattern-layout_colored.xml" />
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
                     size="17 kB" />
             </Policies>
         </RollingFile>
+        <MapAppender name="MapAppender"/>
     </Appenders>
     <Loggers>
         <Logger name="CONSOLE_PATTERN_APPENDER_MARKER" level="TRACE"
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@
         </Logger>
         <Root level="DEBUG">
             <AppenderRef ref="ConsoleAppender" />
+            <AppenderRef ref="MapAppender" />
         </Root>
     </Loggers>
 </Configuration>

pom.xml

@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@
 				<module>core-java-collections</module>
 				<module>core-java-io</module>
 				<module>core-java-8</module>
+                <module>core-java-persistence</module>
 				<module>core-kotlin</module>
 				<module>core-groovy</module>
 				<module>core-java-concurrency</module>
@@ -858,7 +859,7 @@
 				<module>core-java-io</module>
 				<module>core-java-8</module>
 				<module>core-groovy</module>
-				<module>core-java-concurrency</module>
+				
 				<module>couchbase</module>
 				<module>deltaspike</module>
 				<module>dozer</module>
@@ -877,7 +878,7 @@
 				<module>spring-static-resources</module>
 				<module>hazelcast</module>
 				<module>hbase</module>
-				<module>httpclient</module>
+
 				<module>hystrix</module>
 				<module>image-processing</module>
 				<module>immutables</module>
@@ -906,11 +907,11 @@
 				<module>linkrest</module>
 				<module>logging-modules/log-mdc</module>
 				<module>logging-modules/log4j</module>
-				<module>logging-modules/log4j2</module>
+
 				<module>logging-modules/logback</module>
 				<module>lombok</module>
 				<module>mapstruct</module>
-				<module>metrics</module>
+
 				<module>maven</module>
 				<module>mesos-marathon</module>
 				<module>msf4j</module>
@@ -962,25 +963,25 @@
 				<module>spring-cucumber</module>
 				<module>spring-ejb</module>
 				<module>spring-aop</module>
-				<module>spring-data-couchbase-2</module>
+
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-data-dynamodb</module>
 				<module>spring-data-keyvalue</module>
 				<module>spring-data-mongodb</module>
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-data-neo4j</module>
-				<module>persistence-modules/spring-data-redis</module>
+
 				<module>spring-data-rest</module>
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-data-solr</module>
 				<module>spring-dispatcher-servlet</module>
 				<module>spring-exceptions</module>
 				<module>spring-freemarker</module>
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-hibernate-3</module>
-				<module>spring-hibernate4</module>
+
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-hibernate-5</module>
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink</module>
 				<module>spring-integration</module>
 				<module>spring-jenkins-pipeline</module>
 				<module>spring-jersey</module>
-				<module>jmeter</module>
+
 				<module>spring-jms</module>
 				<module>spring-jooq</module>
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-jpa</module>
@@ -1041,13 +1042,13 @@
 				<module>testing-modules/testing</module>
 				<module>testing-modules/testng</module>
 				<module>video-tutorials</module>
-				<module>xml</module>
+
 				<module>xmlunit-2</module>
 				<module>struts-2</module>
 				<module>apache-velocity</module>
 				<module>apache-solrj</module>
 				<module>rabbitmq</module>
-				<module>vertx</module>
+
 				<module>persistence-modules/spring-data-gemfire</module>
 				<module>mybatis</module>
 				<module>spring-drools</module>
@@ -1077,11 +1078,22 @@
 				<module>apache-meecrowave</module>
 				<module>testing-modules/junit-abstract</module>
                 
+                <module>spring-hibernate4</module>
+                <module>xml</module>
+                <module>vertx</module>
+                <module>metrics</module>
+                <module>httpclient</module>
+                
                 <!-- problematic -->
                 <!-- 
                 <module>ejb</module>
                 <module>persistence-modules/java-cassandra</module>
                 <module>persistence-modules/spring-data-cassandra</module>
+                <module>logging-modules/log4j2</module>
+                <module>spring-data-couchbase-2</module>
+                <module>persistence-modules/spring-data-redis</module>
+
+                <module>jmeter</module>
 				-->
                 
 				<!-- heavy -->
@@ -1097,6 +1109,7 @@
 				<module>core-java</module>
 				<module>google-web-toolkit</module>
                 <module>spring-security-mvc-custom</module>
+                <module>core-java-concurrency</module>
 				-->
                 
                 <!-- 30:32 min -->
@@ -1159,7 +1172,7 @@
                 <module>spring-security-mvc-custom</module>
                 <module>hibernate5</module>
                 <module>spring-data-elasticsearch</module>
-                 
+                <module>core-java-concurrency</module>
             </modules>
 
         </profile>
@@ -1223,6 +1236,4 @@
 		<!-- <maven-pmd-plugin.version>3.9.0</maven-pmd-plugin.version> -->
 		<maven-pmd-plugin.version>3.8</maven-pmd-plugin.version>
 	</properties>
-
+</project>
-</project>
-

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FormHandler.java

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ public class FormHandler {
 
     private AtomicLong extractData(List<DataBuffer> dataBuffers) {
         AtomicLong atomicLong = new AtomicLong(0);
-        dataBuffers.forEach(d -> atomicLong.addAndGet(d.asByteBuffer()
+        dataBuffers.forEach(d -> atomicLong.addAndGet(d.readableByteCount()));
-            .array().length));
         return atomicLong;
     }
 }

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionalWebApplication.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
 
 import org.apache.catalina.Context;
+import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
 import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer;
@@ -61,7 +62,8 @@ public class FunctionalWebApplication {
         tomcat.setPort(9090);
         Context rootContext = tomcat.addContext("", System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
         ServletHttpHandlerAdapter servlet = new ServletHttpHandlerAdapter(httpHandler);
-        Tomcat.addServlet(rootContext, "httpHandlerServlet", servlet);
+        Wrapper servletWrapper = Tomcat.addServlet(rootContext, "httpHandlerServlet", servlet);
+        servletWrapper.setAsyncSupported(true);
         rootContext.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "httpHandlerServlet");
 
         TomcatWebServer server = new TomcatWebServer(tomcat);

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/cors/global/controllers/FurtherCorsConfigsController.java

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
-@RestController
+@RestController("FurtherCorsConfigsController-cors-on-global-config-and-more")
 @RequestMapping("/cors-on-global-config-and-more")
 public class FurtherCorsConfigsController {
 

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/cors/global/controllers/RegularRestController.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
-@RestController
+@RestController("RegularRestController-cors-on-global-config")
 @RequestMapping("/cors-on-global-config")
 public class RegularRestController {
 

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/security/SecurityConfig.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.reactive.security;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.security.reactive.EndpointRequest;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableReactiveMethodSecurity;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.reactive.EnableWebFluxSecurity;
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
 import org.springframework.security.web.server.SecurityWebFilterChain;
 
+import com.baeldung.reactive.actuator.FeaturesEndpoint;
+
 @EnableWebFluxSecurity
 @EnableReactiveMethodSecurity
 public class SecurityConfig {
@@ -16,25 +19,33 @@ public class SecurityConfig {
     @Bean
     public SecurityWebFilterChain securitygWebFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
         return http.authorizeExchange()
-                .pathMatchers("/admin").hasAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN")
+            .pathMatchers("/admin")
-                .anyExchange().permitAll()
+            .hasAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN")
-                .and().formLogin()
+            .matchers(EndpointRequest.to(FeaturesEndpoint.class))
-                .and().build();
+            .permitAll()
+            .anyExchange()
+            .permitAll()
+            .and()
+            .formLogin()
+            .and()
+            .csrf()
+            .disable()
+            .build();
     }
 
     @Bean
     public MapReactiveUserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
         UserDetails user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
-                .username("user")
+            .username("user")
-                .password("password")
+            .password("password")
-                .roles("USER")
+            .roles("USER")
-                .build();
+            .build();
 
         UserDetails admin = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
-                .username("admin")
+            .username("admin")
-                .password("password")
+            .password("password")
-                .roles("ADMIN")
+            .roles("ADMIN")
-                .build();
+            .build();
 
         return new MapReactiveUserDetailsService(user, admin);
     }

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/urlmatch/ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctions.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions.t
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse.ok;
 
 import org.apache.catalina.Context;
+import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
 import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer;
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ public class ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctions {
         tomcat.setPort(9090);
         Context rootContext = tomcat.addContext("", System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
         ServletHttpHandlerAdapter servlet = new ServletHttpHandlerAdapter(httpHandler);
-        Tomcat.addServlet(rootContext, "httpHandlerServlet", servlet);
+        Wrapper servletWrapper = Tomcat.addServlet(rootContext, "httpHandlerServlet", servlet);
+        servletWrapper.setAsyncSupported(true);
         rootContext.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "httpHandlerServlet");
 
         TomcatWebServer server = new TomcatWebServer(tomcat);

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/webflux/EmployeeCreationEvent.java

@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@ import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 
 @Data
-@AllArgsConstructor
 public class EmployeeCreationEvent {
     private String employeeId;
     private String creationTime;
+    public EmployeeCreationEvent(String employeeId, String creationTime) {
+        super();
+        this.employeeId = employeeId;
+        this.creationTime = creationTime;
+    }
 }

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/webflux/EmployeeWebSocketHandler.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
-@Component
+@Component("EmployeeWebSocketHandler")
 public class EmployeeWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler {
 
     ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/websocket/ReactiveWebSocketConfiguration.java

@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 package com.baeldung.websocket;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.HandlerMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.socket.WebSocketHandler;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.socket.server.support.WebSocketHandlerAdapter;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
 
 @Configuration
 public class ReactiveWebSocketConfiguration {
 
     @Autowired
+    @Qualifier("ReactiveWebSocketHandler")
     private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler;
 
     @Bean

spring-5-reactive/src/main/java/com/baeldung/websocket/ReactiveWebSocketHandler.java

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import java.time.Duration;
 import static java.time.LocalDateTime.now;
 import static java.util.UUID.randomUUID;
 
-@Component
+@Component("ReactiveWebSocketHandler")
 public class ReactiveWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler {
 
     private static final ObjectMapper json = new ObjectMapper();

spring-5-reactive/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionalWebApplicationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.functional;
 
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters.fromObject;
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters.fromResource;
+
 import org.junit.AfterClass;
 import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -12,9 +15,6 @@ import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
 import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
 
-import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters.fromObject;
-import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters.fromResource;
-
 public class FunctionalWebApplicationIntegrationTest {
 
     private static WebTestClient client;

spring-5-reactive/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reactive/urlmatch/ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctionsIntegrationTest.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer;
 import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
 
-import com.baeldung.reactive.urlmatch.ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctions;
-
 public class ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctionsIntegrationTest {
 
     private static WebTestClient client;

spring-5-reactive/src/test/java/com/baeldung/security/SecurityIntegrationTest.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public class SecurityIntegrationTest {
 
     @Test
     public void whenNoCredentials_thenRedirectToLogin() {
-        this.rest.get().uri("/").exchange().expectStatus().is3xxRedirection();
+        this.rest.get().uri("/").exchange().expectStatus().is4xxClientError();
     }
 
     @Test

spring-5-reactive/src/test/java/com/baeldung/web/client/WebTestClientIntegrationTest.java

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class WebTestClientIntegrationTest {
             .uri("/resource")
             .exchange()
             .expectStatus()
-            .is3xxRedirection()
+            .isOk()
             .expectBody();
     }
 

spring-5-security/pom.xml

@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@
             <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-autoconfigure</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>

spring-5-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/oauth2extractors/ExtractorsApplication.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.oauth2extractors;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+@Controller
+public class ExtractorsApplication {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(ExtractorsApplication.class, args);
+    }
+
+    @RequestMapping("/")
+    public String index() {
+        return "oauth2_extractors";
+    }
+
+}

spring-5-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/oauth2extractors/configuration/SecurityConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.oauth2extractors.configuration;
+
+import com.baeldung.oauth2extractors.extractor.CustomAuthoritiesExtractor;
+import com.baeldung.oauth2extractors.extractor.CustomPrincipalExtractor;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.EnableOAuth2Sso;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.AuthoritiesExtractor;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.PrincipalExtractor;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
+import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
+import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
+
+@Configuration
+@PropertySource("application-oauth2-extractors.properties")
+@EnableOAuth2Sso
+public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
+        http.antMatcher("/**")
+                .authorizeRequests()
+                .antMatchers("/login**")
+                .permitAll()
+                .anyRequest()
+                .authenticated()
+                .and()
+                .formLogin().disable();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public PrincipalExtractor principalExtractor() {
+        return new CustomPrincipalExtractor();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public AuthoritiesExtractor authoritiesExtractor() {
+        return new CustomAuthoritiesExtractor();
+    }
+}

spring-5-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/oauth2extractors/extractor/CustomAuthoritiesExtractor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.baeldung.oauth2extractors.extractor;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.AuthoritiesExtractor;
+import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
+import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class CustomAuthoritiesExtractor implements AuthoritiesExtractor {
+    private List<GrantedAuthority> GITHUB_FREE_AUTHORITIES = AuthorityUtils
+            .commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("GITHUB_USER,GITHUB_USER_FREE");
+    private List<GrantedAuthority> GITHUB_SUBSCRIBED_AUTHORITIES = AuthorityUtils
+            .commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("GITHUB_USER,GITHUB_USER_SUBSCRIBED");
+
+    @Override
+    public List<GrantedAuthority> extractAuthorities(Map<String, Object> map) {
+        if (Objects.nonNull(map.get("plan"))) {
+            if (!((LinkedHashMap) map.get("plan"))
+                    .get("name")
+                    .equals("free")) {
+                return GITHUB_SUBSCRIBED_AUTHORITIES;
+            }
+        }
+        return GITHUB_FREE_AUTHORITIES;
+    }
+}

spring-5-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/oauth2extractors/extractor/CustomPrincipalExtractor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.oauth2extractors.extractor;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.PrincipalExtractor;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class CustomPrincipalExtractor implements PrincipalExtractor {
+
+    @Override
+    public Object extractPrincipal(Map<String, Object> map) {
+        return map.get("login");
+    }
+}

spring-5-security/src/main/resources/application-oauth2-extractors.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+security.oauth2.client.client-id=89a7c4facbb3434d599d
+security.oauth2.client.client-secret=9b3b08e4a340bd20e866787e4645b54f73d74b6a
+security.oauth2.client.access-token-uri=https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token
+security.oauth2.client.user-authorization-uri=https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize
+security.oauth2.client.scope=read:user,user:email
+security.oauth2.resource.user-info-uri=https://api.github.com/user

spring-5-security/src/main/resources/templates/oauth2_extractors.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
+    <title>Spring Security Principal and Authorities extractor</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet"
+          href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<div class="container">
+    <div class="col-sm-12">
+        <h1>Secured Page</h1>
+        Authenticated username:
+        <div th:text="${#authentication.name}"></div>
+        Authorities:
+        <div th:text="${#authentication.authorities}"></div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

spring-5-security/src/test/java/com/baeldung/oauth2extractors/ExtractorsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.baeldung.oauth2extractors;
+
+import com.baeldung.oauth2extractors.configuration.SecurityConfig;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
+import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
+import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
+import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
+
+import javax.servlet.Filter;
+
+import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
+import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
+
+
+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+@SpringBootTest(classes = ExtractorsApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
+@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SecurityConfig.class})
+public class ExtractorsUnitTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private WebApplicationContext context;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private Filter springSecurityFilterChain;
+
+    private MockMvc mvc;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        mvc = MockMvcBuilders
+                .webAppContextSetup(context)
+                .addFilters(springSecurityFilterChain)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void contextLoads() throws Exception {
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenValidRequestWithoutAuthentication_shouldFailWith302() throws Exception {
+        mvc
+                .perform(get("/"))
+                .andExpect(status().isFound())
+                .andReturn();
+    }
+
+}

spring-boot/src/main/java/com/baeldung/displayallbeans/controller/FooController.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.displayallbeans.controller;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
 
@@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ public class FooController {
     private FooService fooService;
 
     @GetMapping(value = "/displayallbeans")
-    public String getHeaderAndBody(Map<String, Object> model) {
+    public ResponseEntity<String> getHeaderAndBody(Map<String, Object> model) {
         model.put("header", fooService.getHeader());
         model.put("message", fooService.getBody());
-        return "displayallbeans";
+        return ResponseEntity.ok("displayallbeans");
     }
 }

spring-boot/src/main/java/org/baeldung/boot/config/WebConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.baeldung.boot.config;
+
+import org.baeldung.boot.converter.StringToEmployeeConverter;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.format.FormatterRegistry;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
+
+@Configuration
+public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
+	 
+    @Override
+    public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
+        registry.addConverter(new StringToEmployeeConverter());
+    }
+}

spring-boot/src/main/java/org/baeldung/boot/converter/StringToEmployeeConverter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package org.baeldung.boot.converter;
+
+import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
+
+import com.baeldung.toggle.Employee;
+
+public class StringToEmployeeConverter implements Converter<String, Employee> {
+
+  @Override
+  public Employee convert(String from) {
+      String[] data = from.split(",");
+      return new Employee(
+        Long.parseLong(data[0]), 
+        Double.parseDouble(data[1]));
+  }
+}

spring-boot/src/main/java/org/baeldung/boot/converter/controller/StringToEmployeeConverterController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package org.baeldung.boot.converter.controller;
+
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+
+import com.baeldung.toggle.Employee;
+
+@RestController
+public class StringToEmployeeConverterController {
+ 
+    @GetMapping("/string-to-employee")
+    public ResponseEntity<Object> getStringToEmployee(@RequestParam("employee") Employee employee) {
+        return ResponseEntity.ok(employee);
+    }
+}

spring-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/boot/repository/HibernateSessionIntegrationTest.java

@@ -4,17 +4,15 @@ import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.notNullValue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
 
-import org.baeldung.boot.ApplicationIntegrationTest;
+import org.baeldung.boot.DemoApplicationIntegrationTest;
 import org.baeldung.demo.model.Foo;
-import org.baeldung.session.exception.repository.FooRepository;
+import org.baeldung.demo.repository.FooRepository;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 @Transactional
-@TestPropertySource("classpath:exception-hibernate.properties")
+public class HibernateSessionIntegrationTest extends DemoApplicationIntegrationTest {
-public class HibernateSessionIntegrationTest extends ApplicationIntegrationTest {
     @Autowired
     private FooRepository fooRepository;
 
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ public class HibernateSessionIntegrationTest extends ApplicationIntegrationTest
         Foo foo = new Foo("Exception Solved");
         fooRepository.save(foo);
         foo = null;
-        foo = fooRepository.get(1);
+        foo = fooRepository.findByName("Exception Solved");
 
         assertThat(foo, notNullValue());
         assertThat(foo.getId(), is(1));

spring-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/boot/repository/NoHibernateSessionIntegrationTest.java

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import org.baeldung.session.exception.repository.FooRepository;
 import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 @Transactional
+@TestPropertySource("classpath:exception-hibernate.properties")
 public class NoHibernateSessionIntegrationTest extends ApplicationIntegrationTest {
     @Autowired
     private FooRepository fooRepository;

spring-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/converter/CustomConverterIntegrationTest.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class CustomConverterIntegrationTest {
 
     @Test
     public void whenConvertingToBigDecimalUsingGenericConverter_thenSuccess() {
-        assertThat(conversionService.convert(Integer.valueOf(11), BigDecimal.class)).isEqualTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(11.00).setScale(2, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN));
+        assertThat(conversionService.convert(Integer.valueOf(11), BigDecimal.class)).isEqualTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(11.00).setScale(0, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN));
         assertThat(conversionService.convert(Double.valueOf(25.23), BigDecimal.class)).isEqualByComparingTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(Double.valueOf(25.23)));
         assertThat(conversionService.convert("2.32", BigDecimal.class)).isEqualTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(2.32));
     }

spring-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/demo/boottest/EmployeeServiceImplIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package org.baeldung.demo.boottest;
 
-import org.baeldung.demo.boottest.Employee;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import org.baeldung.demo.boottest.EmployeeRepository;
+
-import org.baeldung.demo.boottest.EmployeeService;
+import java.util.Arrays;
-import org.baeldung.demo.boottest.EmployeeServiceImpl;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -15,11 +17,6 @@ import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-
 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 public class EmployeeServiceImplIntegrationTest {
 
@@ -50,9 +47,9 @@ public class EmployeeServiceImplIntegrationTest {
         Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findByName(john.getName())).thenReturn(john);
         Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findByName(alex.getName())).thenReturn(alex);
         Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findByName("wrong_name")).thenReturn(null);
-        Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findById(john.getId()).orElse(null)).thenReturn(john);
+        Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findById(john.getId())).thenReturn(Optional.of(john));
         Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findAll()).thenReturn(allEmployees);
-        Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findById(-99L).orElse(null)).thenReturn(null);
+        Mockito.when(employeeRepository.findById(-99L)).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
     }
 
     @Test

spring-mvc-simple/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/controller/push/PushController.java

@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ public class PushController {
     @GetMapping(path = "/demoWithPush")
     public String demoWithPush(PushBuilder pushBuilder) {
         if (null != pushBuilder) {
-            pushBuilder.path("resources/logo.png")
+            pushBuilder.path("resources/logo.png").push();
-                .addHeader("Content-Type", "image/png")
-                .push();
         }
         return "demo";
     }
@@ -22,4 +20,4 @@ public class PushController {
     public String demoWithoutPush() {
         return "demo";
     }
-}
+}

testing-modules/java-faker/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>java-faker</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.github.javafaker</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javafaker</artifactId>
+            <version>0.15</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>junit</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+            <version>4.12</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+    </dependencies>
+
+
+</project>

testing-modules/java-faker/src/test/java/com/baeldung/JavaFakerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+import com.github.javafaker.Faker;
+import com.github.javafaker.service.FakeValuesService;
+import com.github.javafaker.service.FakerIDN;
+import com.github.javafaker.service.LocaleDoesNotExistException;
+import com.github.javafaker.service.RandomService;
+import javafx.scene.Parent;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class JavaFakerTest {
+
+  private Faker faker;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    faker = new Faker();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void givenJavaFaker_whenAddressObjectCalled_checkValidAddressInfoGiven() throws Exception {
+
+    Faker faker = new Faker();
+
+    String streetName = faker.address().streetName();
+    String number = faker.address().buildingNumber();
+    String city = faker.address().city();
+    String country = faker.address().country();
+
+    System.out.println(String.format("%s\n%s\n%s\n%s",
+      number,
+      streetName,
+      city,
+      country));
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void givenJavaFakersWithSameSeed_whenNameCalled_CheckSameName() throws Exception {
+
+    Faker faker1 = new Faker(new Random(24));
+    Faker faker2 = new Faker(new Random(24));
+
+    assertEquals(faker1.name().firstName(), faker2.name().firstName());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void givenJavaFakersWithDifferentLocals_checkZipCodesMatchRegex() throws Exception {
+
+    Faker ukFaker = new Faker(new Locale("en-GB"));
+    Faker usFaker = new Faker(new Locale("en-US"));
+
+    System.out.println(String.format("American zipcode: %s", usFaker.address().zipCode()));
+    System.out.println(String.format("British postcode: %s", ukFaker.address().zipCode()));
+
+    Pattern ukPattern = Pattern.compile("([Gg][Ii][Rr] 0[Aa]{2})|((([A-Za-z][0-9]{1,2})|(([A-Za-z][A-Ha-hJ-Yj-y][0-9]{1,2})|(([A-Za-z][0-9][A-Za-z])|([A-Za-z][A-Ha-hJ-Yj-y][0-9]?[A-Za-z]))))\\s?[0-9][A-Za-z]{2})");
+    Matcher ukMatcher = ukPattern.matcher(ukFaker.address().zipCode());
+
+    assertTrue(ukMatcher.find());
+
+    Matcher usMatcher = Pattern.compile("^\\d{5}(?:[-\\s]\\d{4})?$").matcher(usFaker.address().zipCode());
+
+    assertTrue(usMatcher.find());
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void givenJavaFakerService_testFakersCreated() throws Exception {
+
+    RandomService randomService = new RandomService();
+
+    System.out.println(randomService.nextBoolean());
+    System.out.println(randomService.nextDouble());
+
+    Faker faker = new Faker(new Random(randomService.nextLong()));
+
+    System.out.println(faker.address().city());
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testFakeValuesService() throws Exception {
+
+    FakeValuesService fakeValuesService = new FakeValuesService(new Locale("en-GB"), new RandomService());
+
+    String email = fakeValuesService.bothify("????##@gmail.com");
+    Matcher emailMatcher = Pattern.compile("\\w{4}\\d{2}@gmail.com").matcher(email);
+    assertTrue(emailMatcher.find());
+
+    String alphaNumericString = fakeValuesService.regexify("[a-z1-9]{10}");
+    Matcher alphaNumericMatcher = Pattern.compile("[a-z1-9]{10}").matcher(alphaNumericString);
+    assertTrue(alphaNumericMatcher.find());
+
+  }
+
+
+  @Test(expected = LocaleDoesNotExistException.class)
+  public void givenWrongLocale_whenFakerIsInitialised_testLocaleDoesNotExistExceptionIsThrown() throws Exception {
+
+    Faker wrongLocaleFaker = new Faker(new Locale("en-seaWorld"));
+
+  }
+}