Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/eugenp/tutorials

.gitignore

@@ -41,4 +41,5 @@ SpringDataInjectionDemo/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
 spring-call-getters-using-reflection/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
 
 spring-check-if-a-property-is-null/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
-/vertx-and-rxjava/.vertx/
+*.springBeans
+

README.md

@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ Any IDE can be used to work with the projects, but if you're using Eclipse, cons
 
 CI - Jenkins
 ================================
-This tutorials project is being built **[>> HERE](https://rest-security.ci.cloudbees.com/job/tutorials/)**
+This tutorials project is being built **[>> HERE](https://rest-security.ci.cloudbees.com/job/github%20projects%20Jobs/job/tutorials/)**

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionBruteForce.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class CycleDetectionBruteForce {
+
+    public static <T> CycleDetectionResult<T> detectCycle(Node<T> head) {
+        if (head == null) {
+            return new CycleDetectionResult<>(false, null);
+        }
+
+        Node<T> it1 = head;
+        int nodesTraversedByOuter = 0;
+        while (it1 != null && it1.next != null) {
+            it1 = it1.next;
+            nodesTraversedByOuter++;
+
+            int x = nodesTraversedByOuter;
+            Node<T> it2 = head;
+            int noOfTimesCurrentNodeVisited = 0;
+
+            while (x > 0) {
+                it2 = it2.next;
+
+                if (it2 == it1) {
+                    noOfTimesCurrentNodeVisited++;
+                }
+
+                if (noOfTimesCurrentNodeVisited == 2) {
+                    return new CycleDetectionResult<>(true, it1);
+                }
+
+                x--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new CycleDetectionResult<>(false, null);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators {
+
+    public static <T> CycleDetectionResult<T> detectCycle(Node<T> head) {
+        if (head == null) {
+            return new CycleDetectionResult<>(false, null);
+        }
+
+        Node<T> slow = head;
+        Node<T> fast = head;
+
+        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
+            slow = slow.next;
+            fast = fast.next.next;
+
+            if (slow == fast) {
+                return new CycleDetectionResult<>(true, fast);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new CycleDetectionResult<>(false, null);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionByHashing.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class CycleDetectionByHashing {
+
+    public static <T> CycleDetectionResult<T> detectCycle(Node<T> head) {
+        if (head == null) {
+            return new CycleDetectionResult<>(false, null);
+        }
+
+        Set<Node<T>> set = new HashSet<>();
+        Node<T> node = head;
+
+        while (node != null) {
+            if (set.contains(node)) {
+                return new CycleDetectionResult<>(true, node);
+            }
+            set.add(node);
+            node = node.next;
+        }
+
+        return new CycleDetectionResult<>(false, null);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class CycleDetectionResult<T> {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<T> node;
+
+    public CycleDetectionResult(boolean cycleExists, Node<T> node) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.node = node;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleRemovalBruteForce.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class CycleRemovalBruteForce {
+
+    public static <T> boolean detectAndRemoveCycle(Node<T> head) {
+        CycleDetectionResult<T> result = CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head);
+
+        if (result.cycleExists) {
+            removeCycle(result.node, head);
+        }
+
+        return result.cycleExists;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param loopNodeParam - reference to the node where Flyods cycle 
+     * finding algorithm ends, i.e. the fast and the slow iterators
+     * meet.
+     * @param head - reference to the head of the list
+     */
+    private static <T> void removeCycle(Node<T> loopNodeParam, Node<T> head) {
+        Node<T> it = head;
+
+        while (it != null) {
+            if (isNodeReachableFromLoopNode(it, loopNodeParam)) {
+                Node<T> loopStart = it;
+                findEndNodeAndBreakCycle(loopStart);
+                break;
+            }
+            it = it.next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static <T> boolean isNodeReachableFromLoopNode(Node<T> it, Node<T> loopNodeParam) {
+        Node<T> loopNode = loopNodeParam;
+
+        do {
+            if (it == loopNode) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            loopNode = loopNode.next;
+        } while (loopNode.next != loopNodeParam);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static <T> void findEndNodeAndBreakCycle(Node<T> loopStartParam) {
+        Node<T> loopStart = loopStartParam;
+
+        while (loopStart.next != loopStartParam) {
+            loopStart = loopStart.next;
+        }
+
+        loopStart.next = null;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleRemovalByCountingLoopNodes.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class CycleRemovalByCountingLoopNodes {
+
+    public static <T> boolean detectAndRemoveCycle(Node<T> head) {
+        CycleDetectionResult<T> result = CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head);
+
+        if (result.cycleExists) {
+            removeCycle(result.node, head);
+        }
+
+        return result.cycleExists;
+    }
+
+    private static <T> void removeCycle(Node<T> loopNodeParam, Node<T> head) {
+        int cycleLength = calculateCycleLength(loopNodeParam);
+        Node<T> cycleLengthAdvancedIterator = head;
+        Node<T> it = head;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < cycleLength; i++) {
+            cycleLengthAdvancedIterator = cycleLengthAdvancedIterator.next;
+        }
+
+        while (it.next != cycleLengthAdvancedIterator.next) {
+            it = it.next;
+            cycleLengthAdvancedIterator = cycleLengthAdvancedIterator.next;
+        }
+
+        cycleLengthAdvancedIterator.next = null;
+    }
+
+    private static <T> int calculateCycleLength(Node<T> loopNodeParam) {
+        Node<T> loopNode = loopNodeParam;
+        int length = 1;
+
+        while (loopNode.next != loopNodeParam) {
+            length++;
+            loopNode = loopNode.next;
+        }
+
+        return length;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleRemovalWithoutCountingLoopNodes.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class CycleRemovalWithoutCountingLoopNodes {
+
+    public static <T> boolean detectAndRemoveCycle(Node<T> head) {
+        CycleDetectionResult<T> result = CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head);
+
+        if (result.cycleExists) {
+            removeCycle(result.node, head);
+        }
+
+        return result.cycleExists;
+    }
+
+    private static <T> void removeCycle(Node<T> meetingPointParam, Node<T> head) {
+        Node<T> loopNode = meetingPointParam;
+        Node<T> it = head;
+
+        while (loopNode.next != it.next) {
+            it = it.next;
+            loopNode = loopNode.next;
+        }
+
+        loopNode.next = null;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/Node.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class Node<T> {
+    T data;
+    Node<T> next;
+
+    public static <T> Node<T> createNewNode(T data, Node<T> next) {
+        Node<T> node = new Node<T>();
+        node.data = data;
+        node.next = next;
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    public static <T> void traverseList(Node<T> root) {
+        if (root == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Node<T> node = root;
+        while (node != null) {
+            System.out.println(node.data);
+            node = node.next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Node<T> getTail(Node<T> root) {
+        if (root == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Node<T> node = root;
+        while (node.next != null) {
+            node = node.next;
+        }
+        return node;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionBruteForceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
+public class CycleDetectionBruteForceTest extends CycleDetectionTestBase {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<Integer> head;
+
+    public CycleDetectionBruteForceTest(Node<Integer> head, boolean cycleExists) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.head = head;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_detectLoop() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(cycleExists, CycleDetectionBruteForce.detectCycle(head).cycleExists);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIteratorsTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
+public class CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIteratorsTest extends CycleDetectionTestBase {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<Integer> head;
+
+    public CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIteratorsTest(Node<Integer> head, boolean cycleExists) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.head = head;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_detectLoop() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(cycleExists, CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head).cycleExists);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionByHashingTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
+public class CycleDetectionByHashingTest extends CycleDetectionTestBase {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<Integer> head;
+
+    public CycleDetectionByHashingTest(Node<Integer> head, boolean cycleExists) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.head = head;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_detectLoop() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(cycleExists, CycleDetectionByHashing.detectCycle(head).cycleExists);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleDetectionTestBase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+
+public class CycleDetectionTestBase {
+
+    @Parameters
+    public static Collection<Object[]> getLists() {
+        return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { 
+            { createList(), false }, 
+            { createListWithLoop(), true },
+            { createListWithFullCycle(), true }, 
+            { createListWithSingleNodeInCycle(), true } 
+        });
+    }
+
+    public static Node<Integer> createList() {
+        Node<Integer> root = Node.createNewNode(10, null);
+
+        for (int i = 9; i >= 1; --i) {
+            Node<Integer> current = Node.createNewNode(i, root);
+            root = current;
+        }
+
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    public static Node<Integer> createListWithLoop() {
+        Node<Integer> node = createList();
+        createLoop(node);
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    public static Node<Integer> createListWithFullCycle() {
+        Node<Integer> head = createList();
+        Node<Integer> tail = Node.getTail(head);
+        tail.next = head;
+        return head;
+    }
+
+    public static Node<Integer> createListWithSingleNodeInCycle() {
+        Node<Integer> head = createList();
+        Node<Integer> tail = Node.getTail(head);
+        tail.next = tail;
+        return head;
+    }
+
+    public static void createLoop(Node<Integer> root) {
+        Node<Integer> tail = Node.getTail(root);
+
+        Node<Integer> middle = root;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
+            middle = middle.next;
+        }
+
+        tail.next = middle;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleRemovalBruteForceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
+public class CycleRemovalBruteForceTest extends CycleDetectionTestBase {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<Integer> head;
+
+    public CycleRemovalBruteForceTest(Node<Integer> head, boolean cycleExists) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.head = head;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_ifLoopExists_thenDetectAndRemoveLoop() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(cycleExists, CycleRemovalBruteForce.detectAndRemoveCycle(head));
+        Assert.assertFalse(CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head).cycleExists);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleRemovalByCountingLoopNodesTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
+public class CycleRemovalByCountingLoopNodesTest extends CycleDetectionTestBase {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<Integer> head;
+
+    public CycleRemovalByCountingLoopNodesTest(Node<Integer> head, boolean cycleExists) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.head = head;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_ifLoopExists_thenDetectAndRemoveLoop() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(cycleExists, CycleRemovalByCountingLoopNodes.detectAndRemoveCycle(head));
+        Assert.assertFalse(CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head).cycleExists);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/CycleRemovalWithoutCountingLoopNodesTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
+public class CycleRemovalWithoutCountingLoopNodesTest extends CycleDetectionTestBase {
+    boolean cycleExists;
+    Node<Integer> head;
+
+    public CycleRemovalWithoutCountingLoopNodesTest(Node<Integer> head, boolean cycleExists) {
+        super();
+        this.cycleExists = cycleExists;
+        this.head = head;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_ifLoopExists_thenDetectAndRemoveLoop() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(cycleExists, CycleRemovalWithoutCountingLoopNodes.detectAndRemoveCycle(head));
+        Assert.assertFalse(CycleDetectionByFastAndSlowIterators.detectCycle(head).cycleExists);
+    }
+}

core-java-9/README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 - [Java 9 Stream API Improvements](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-stream-api)
 - [Java 9 Convenience Factory Methods for Collections](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-collections-factory-methods) 
 - [New Stream Collectors in Java 9](http://www.baeldung.com/java9-stream-collectors)
-- [Java 9 CompletableFuture API Improvements](http://www.baeldung.com/java9-completablefuture-api-improvements/)
+- [Java 9 CompletableFuture API Improvements](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-completablefuture)
 - [Spring Security – Redirect to the Previous URL After Login](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-security-redirect-login)
 - [Java 9 Process API Improvements](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-process-api)
 - [Introduction to Java 9 StackWalking API](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-stackwalking-api)

core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/compactstring/CompactStringDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.compactstring;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+public class CompactStringDemo {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        List strings = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10_000_000)
+          .mapToObj(Integer::toString).collect(toList());
+        long totalTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
+        System.out.println("Generated " + strings.size() + " strings in " 
+          + totalTime + " ms.");
+
+        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        String appended = (String) strings.stream().limit(100_000)
+          .reduce("", (left, right) -> left.toString() + right.toString());
+        totalTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
+        System.out.println("Created string of length " + appended.length() 
+          + " in " + totalTime + " ms.");
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/synchronize/BaeldungSychronizedBlockTest.java

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public class BaeldungSychronizedBlockTest {
 
         IntStream.range(0, 1000)
           .forEach(count -> service.submit(synchronizedBlocks::performSynchronisedTask));
-        service.awaitTermination(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        service.awaitTermination(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
 
         assertEquals(1000, synchronizedBlocks.getCount());
     }
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public class BaeldungSychronizedBlockTest {
 
         IntStream.range(0, 1000)
           .forEach(count -> service.submit(BaeldungSynchronizedBlocks::performStaticSyncTask));
-        service.awaitTermination(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        service.awaitTermination(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
 
         assertEquals(1000, BaeldungSynchronizedBlocks.getStaticCount());
     }

core-java/pom.xml

@@ -201,6 +201,21 @@
             <artifactId>vavr</artifactId>
             <version>${vavr.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
+            <version>1.19</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+            <version>1.19</version>
+        </dependency>
+		<dependency>
+		    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+		    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
+		    <version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version>
+		</dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -229,6 +244,7 @@
                 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                 <configuration>
                     <excludes>
+                        <exclude>**/*LiveTest.java</exclude>
                         <exclude>**/*IntegrationTest.java</exclude>
                         <exclude>**/*LongRunningUnitTest.java</exclude>
                         <exclude>**/*ManualTest.java</exclude>
@@ -362,6 +378,8 @@
                     </arguments>
                 </configuration>
             </plugin>
+
+
         </plugins>
 
     </build>
@@ -396,6 +414,31 @@
                             </systemPropertyVariables>
                         </configuration>
                     </plugin>
+                    <plugin>
+                        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+                        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+
+                        <executions>
+                            <execution>
+                                <id>run-benchmarks</id>
+                            <!--    <phase>integration-test</phase>-->
+                                <phase>none</phase>
+                                <goals>
+                                    <goal>exec</goal>
+                                </goals>
+                                <configuration>
+                                    <classpathScope>test</classpathScope>
+                                    <executable>java</executable>
+                                    <arguments>
+                                        <argument>-classpath</argument>
+                                        <classpath/>
+                                        <argument>org.openjdk.jmh.Main</argument>
+                                        <argument>.*</argument>
+                                    </arguments>
+                                </configuration>
+                            </execution>
+                        </executions>
+                    </plugin>
                 </plugins>
             </build>
         </profile>

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/numberofdigits/Benchmarking.java

@@ -1,131 +1,67 @@
 package com.baeldung.numberofdigits;
 
-import static com.baeldung.designpatterns.util.LogerUtil.LOG;;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
-public class Benchmarking {;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
-
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
-    private static final int LOWER_BOUND = 1;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
-    private static final int UPPER_BOUND = 999999999;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
-
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
-    
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
-        LOG.info("Testing all methods...");
-        
-        long length = test_stringBasedSolution();
-        LOG.info("String Based Solution : " + length);
-        
-        length = test_logarithmicApproach();
-        LOG.info("Logarithmic Approach : " + length);
-        
-        length = test_repeatedMultiplication();
-        LOG.info("Repeated Multiplication : " + length);
-        
-        length = test_shiftOperators();
-        LOG.info("Shift Operators : " + length);
-        
-        length = test_dividingWithPowersOf2();
-        LOG.info("Dividing with Powers of 2 : " + length);
-        
-        length = test_divideAndConquer();
-        LOG.info("Divide And Conquer : " + length);
 
+public class Benchmarking {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException, IOException {
+        org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
     }
 
-    private static long test_stringBasedSolution() {
+    @State(Scope.Thread)
-        
+    public static class ExecutionPlan {
-        long startTime, stopTime, elapsedTime;
+        public int number = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        public int length = 0;
-
+        public NumberOfDigits numberOfDigits= new NumberOfDigits();
-        int total = 0;
-        for (int i = LOWER_BOUND; i <= UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
-            total += NumberOfDigits.stringBasedSolution(i);
     }
     
-        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    @Benchmark 
-        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
-        
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-        return elapsedTime;
+    public void stringBasedSolution(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.length = plan.numberOfDigits.stringBasedSolution(plan.number);
     }
     
-    private static long test_logarithmicApproach() {
+    @Benchmark 
-        
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
-        long startTime, stopTime, elapsedTime;
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    public void logarithmicApproach(ExecutionPlan plan) {
-
+        plan.length = plan.numberOfDigits.logarithmicApproach(plan.number);
-        int total = 0;
-        for (int i = LOWER_BOUND; i <= UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
-            total += NumberOfDigits.logarithmicApproach(i);
     }
     
-        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    @Benchmark 
-        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
-        
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-        return elapsedTime;
+    public void repeatedMultiplication(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.length = plan.numberOfDigits.repeatedMultiplication(plan.number);
     }
     
-    private static long test_repeatedMultiplication() {
+    @Benchmark 
-        
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
-        long startTime, stopTime, elapsedTime;
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    public void shiftOperators(ExecutionPlan plan) {
-
+        plan.length = plan.numberOfDigits.shiftOperators(plan.number);
-        int total = 0;
-        for (int i = LOWER_BOUND; i <= UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
-            total += NumberOfDigits.repeatedMultiplication(i);
     }
     
-        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    @Benchmark 
-        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
-        
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-        return elapsedTime;
+    public void dividingWithPowersOf2(ExecutionPlan plan) {
+        plan.length = plan.numberOfDigits.dividingWithPowersOf2(plan.number);
     }
     
-    private static long test_shiftOperators() {
+    @Benchmark 
-        
+    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
-        long startTime, stopTime, elapsedTime;
+    @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    public void divideAndConquer(ExecutionPlan plan) {
-
+        plan.length = plan.numberOfDigits.divideAndConquer(plan.number);
-        int total = 0;
-        for (int i = LOWER_BOUND; i <= UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
-            total += NumberOfDigits.shiftOperators(i);
     }
-
-        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
-        
-        return elapsedTime;
-    }
-
-    private static long test_dividingWithPowersOf2() {
-        
-        long startTime, stopTime, elapsedTime;
-        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
-        int total = 0;
-        for (int i = LOWER_BOUND; i <= UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
-            total += NumberOfDigits.dividingWithPowersOf2(i);
-        }
-
-        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
-        
-        return elapsedTime;
-    }
-
-    private static long test_divideAndConquer() {
-        
-        long startTime, stopTime, elapsedTime;
-        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
-        int total = 0;
-        for (int i = LOWER_BOUND; i <= UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
-            total += NumberOfDigits.divideAndConquer(i);
-        }
-
-        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
-        
-        return elapsedTime;
-    }
-    
-    
 }

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/numberofdigits/NumberOfDigits.java

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 package com.baeldung.numberofdigits;
 
 public class NumberOfDigits {
-    public static int stringBasedSolution(int number) {
+    public int stringBasedSolution(int number) {
         int length = String.valueOf(number).length();
         return length;
     }
     
-    public static int logarithmicApproach(int number) {
+    public int logarithmicApproach(int number) {
         int length = (int) Math.log10(number) + 1;
         return length;
     }
     
-    public static int repeatedMultiplication(int number) {
+    public int repeatedMultiplication(int number) {
         int length = 0;
         long temp = 1;
         while(temp <= number) {
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class NumberOfDigits {
         return length;
     }
 
-    public static int shiftOperators(int number) {
+    public int shiftOperators(int number) {
         int length = 0;
         long temp = 1;
         while(temp <= number) {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class NumberOfDigits {
         return length;
     }
     
-    public static int dividingWithPowersOf2(int number) {
+    public int dividingWithPowersOf2(int number) {
         int length = 1;
         if (number >= 100000000) {
             length += 8;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class NumberOfDigits {
         return length;
     }
     
-    public static int divideAndConquer(int number) {
+    public int divideAndConquer(int number) {
         if (number < 100000){
             // 5 digits or less
             if (number < 100){

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/numberofdigits/NumberOfDigitsDriver.java

@@ -3,25 +3,31 @@ package com.baeldung.numberofdigits;
 import static com.baeldung.designpatterns.util.LogerUtil.LOG;
 
 public class NumberOfDigitsDriver {
+    private static NumberOfDigits numberOfDigits;
+    
+    static {
+        numberOfDigits = new NumberOfDigits();
+    }
+    
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         LOG.info("Testing all methods...");
         
-        long length = NumberOfDigits.stringBasedSolution(602);
+        long length = numberOfDigits.stringBasedSolution(602);
         LOG.info("String Based Solution : " + length);
         
-        length = NumberOfDigits.logarithmicApproach(602);
+        length = numberOfDigits.logarithmicApproach(602);
         LOG.info("Logarithmic Approach : " + length);
         
-        length = NumberOfDigits.repeatedMultiplication(602);
+        length = numberOfDigits.repeatedMultiplication(602);
         LOG.info("Repeated Multiplication : " + length);
         
-        length = NumberOfDigits.shiftOperators(602);
+        length = numberOfDigits.shiftOperators(602);
         LOG.info("Shift Operators : " + length);
         
-        length = NumberOfDigits.dividingWithPowersOf2(602);
+        length = numberOfDigits.dividingWithPowersOf2(602);
         LOG.info("Dividing with Powers of 2 : " + length);
         
-        length = NumberOfDigits.divideAndConquer(602);
+        length = numberOfDigits.divideAndConquer(602);
         LOG.info("Divide And Conquer : " + length);
     }
 }

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sneakythrows/SneakyRunnable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.sneakythrows;
+
+import lombok.SneakyThrows;
+
+public class SneakyRunnable implements Runnable {
+
+    @SneakyThrows
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            throw new InterruptedException();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        try {
+            new SneakyRunnable().run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sneakythrows/SneakyThrows.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.sneakythrows;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class SneakyThrows {
+
+
+    public static <E extends Throwable> void sneakyThrow(Throwable e) throws E {
+        throw (E) e;
+    }
+
+    public static void throwsSneakyIOException() {
+        sneakyThrow(new IOException("sneaky"));
+    }
+
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        try {
+            throwsSneakyIOException();
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            ex.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/string/StringBufferStringBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.string;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+public class StringBufferStringBuilder {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
+
+        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
+            .include(StringBufferStringBuilder.class.getSimpleName())
+            .build();
+
+        new Runner(opt).run();
+    }
+    
+    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
+    public static class MyState {
+        int iterations = 1000;
+        String initial = "abc";
+        String suffix = "def";
+    }
+     
+    @Benchmark
+    public StringBuffer benchmarkStringBuffer(MyState state) {
+        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(state.initial);
+        for (int i = 0; i < state.iterations; i++) {
+            stringBuffer.append(state.suffix);
+        }
+        return stringBuffer;
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public StringBuilder benchmarkStringBuilder(MyState state) {
+        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(state.initial);
+        for (int i = 0; i < state.iterations; i++) {
+            stringBuilder.append(state.suffix);
+        }
+        return stringBuilder;
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/encoderdecoder/EncoderDecoderUnitTest.java

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 package com.baeldung.encoderdecoder;
 
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLDecoder;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
+import org.springframework.web.util.UriUtils;
-import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-import java.net.*;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
 
 public class EncoderDecoderUnitTest {
 
@@ -76,19 +79,20 @@ public class EncoderDecoderUnitTest {
 
     private String encodePath(String path) {
         try {
-            path = new URI(null, null, path, null).getPath();
+            path = UriUtils.encodePath(path, "UTF-8");
-        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
             LOGGER.error("Error encoding parameter {}", e.getMessage(), e);
         }
         return path;
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenPath_thenEncodeDecodePath() throws URISyntaxException {
+    public void givenPathSegment_thenEncodeDecode() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
-        URI uri = new URI(null, null, "/Path 1/Path+2", null);
+        String pathSegment = "/Path 1/Path+2";
-
+        String encodedPathSegment = encodePath(pathSegment);
-        Assert.assertEquals("/Path 1/Path+2", uri.getPath());
+        String decodedPathSegment = UriUtils.decode(encodedPathSegment, "UTF-8");
-        Assert.assertEquals("/Path%201/Path+2", uri.getRawPath());
+        Assert.assertEquals("/Path%201/Path+2", encodedPathSegment);
+        Assert.assertEquals("/Path 1/Path+2", decodedPathSegment);
     }
 
     @Test

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/nio/selector/NioEchoLiveTest.java

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class NioEchoIntegrationTest {
+public class NioEchoLiveTest {
 
-    Process server;
+    private Process server;
-    EchoClient client;
+    private EchoClient client;
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, InterruptedException {

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jdbc/JdbcLiveTest.java

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class JdbcIntegrationTest {
+public class JdbcLiveTest {
 
-    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(JdbcIntegrationTest.class);
+    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(JdbcLiveTest.class);
 
     private Connection con;
 

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/networking/udp/UDPLiveTest.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 
-public class UDPIntegrationTest {
+public class UDPLiveTest {
     private EchoClient client;
 
     @Before

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/networking/udp/broadcast/BroadcastLiveTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
-public class BroadcastIntegrationTest {
+public class BroadcastLiveTest {
     private BroadcastingClient client;
 
     @Test

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/networking/udp/multicast/MulticastLiveTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
-public class MulticastIntegrationTest {
+public class MulticastLiveTest {
     private MulticastingClient client;
 
     @Test

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/numberofdigits/NumberOfDigitsIntegrationTest.java

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 @RunWith(Theories.class)
 public class NumberOfDigitsIntegrationTest {
     
+    private static NumberOfDigits numberOfDigits;
+    
+    static {
+        numberOfDigits = new NumberOfDigits();
+    }
+    
     @DataPoints
     public static int[][] lowestIntegers()
     {
@@ -64,37 +70,37 @@ public class NumberOfDigitsIntegrationTest {
     @Theory
     public void givenDataPoints_whenStringBasedSolutionInvoked_thenAllPointsMatch(final int[] entry) {
         Assume.assumeTrue(entry[0] > 0 && entry[1] > 0);
-        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], NumberOfDigits.stringBasedSolution(entry[1]));
+        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], numberOfDigits.stringBasedSolution(entry[1]));
     }
 
     @Theory
     public void givenDataPoints_whenLogarithmicApproachInvoked_thenAllPointsMatch(final int[] entry) {
         Assume.assumeTrue(entry[0] > 0 && entry[1] > 0);
-        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], NumberOfDigits.logarithmicApproach(entry[1]));
+        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], numberOfDigits.logarithmicApproach(entry[1]));
     }
 
     @Theory
     public void givenDataPoints_whenRepeatedMultiplicationInvoked_thenAllPointsMatch(final int[] entry) {
         Assume.assumeTrue(entry[0] > 0 && entry[1] > 0);
-        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], NumberOfDigits.repeatedMultiplication(entry[1]));
+        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], numberOfDigits.repeatedMultiplication(entry[1]));
     }
 
     @Theory
     public void givenDataPoints_whenShiftOperatorsInvoked_thenAllPointsMatch(final int[] entry) {
         Assume.assumeTrue(entry[0] > 0 && entry[1] > 0);
-        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], NumberOfDigits.shiftOperators(entry[1]));
+        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], numberOfDigits.shiftOperators(entry[1]));
     }
 
     @Theory
     public void givenDataPoints_whenDividingWithPowersOf2Invoked_thenAllPointsMatch(final int[] entry) {
         Assume.assumeTrue(entry[0] > 0 && entry[1] > 0);
-        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], NumberOfDigits.dividingWithPowersOf2(entry[1]));
+        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], numberOfDigits.dividingWithPowersOf2(entry[1]));
     }
 
     @Theory
     public void givenDataPoints_whenDivideAndConquerInvoked_thenAllPointsMatch(final int[] entry) {
         Assume.assumeTrue(entry[0] > 0 && entry[1] > 0);
-        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], NumberOfDigits.divideAndConquer(entry[1]));
+        Assert.assertEquals(entry[0], numberOfDigits.divideAndConquer(entry[1]));
     }
     
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/printscreen/ScreenshotLiveTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.io.File;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
-public class ScreenshotIntegrationTest {
+public class ScreenshotLiveTest {
 
     private Screenshot screenshot = new Screenshot("Screenshot.jpg");
     private File file = new File("Screenshot.jpg");

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sneakythrows/SneakyRunnableTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.sneakythrows;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
+
+public class SneakyRunnableTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCallSneakyRunnableMethod_thenThrowException() {
+        try {
+            new SneakyRunnable().run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            assertEquals(InterruptedException.class, e.getStackTrace());
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sneakythrows/SneakyThrowsTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.sneakythrows;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
+
+public class SneakyThrowsTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCallSneakyMethod_thenThrowSneakyException() {
+        try {
+            SneakyThrows.throwsSneakyIOException();
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            assertEquals("sneaky", ex.getMessage().toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stream/StreamIndicesTest.java

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 package com.baeldung.stream;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import com.codepoetics.protonpack.Indexed;
+import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import com.codepoetics.protonpack.Indexed;
 
 public class StreamIndicesTest {
 
     @Test
-    public void givenArray_whenGetIndexedStrings_thenReturnListOfEvenIndexedStrings() {
+    public void whenCalled_thenReturnListOfEvenIndexedStrings() {
         String[] names = {"Afrim", "Bashkim", "Besim", "Lulzim", "Durim", "Shpetim"};
         List<String> expectedResult = Arrays.asList("Afrim", "Besim", "Durim");
         List<String> actualResult = StreamIndices.getEvenIndexedStrings(names);
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ public class StreamIndicesTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenArray_whenGetIndexedStrings_thenReturnListOfEvenIndexedStringsVersionTwo() {
+    public void whenCalled_thenReturnListOfEvenIndexedStringsVersionTwo() {
         String[] names = {"Afrim", "Bashkim", "Besim", "Lulzim", "Durim", "Shpetim"};
         List<String> expectedResult = Arrays.asList("Afrim", "Besim", "Durim");
         List<String> actualResult = StreamIndices.getEvenIndexedStrings(names);
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ public class StreamIndicesTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenArray_whenGetIndexedStrings_thenReturnListOfOddStrings() {
+    public void whenCalled_thenReturnListOfOddStrings() {
         String[] names = {"Afrim", "Bashkim", "Besim", "Lulzim", "Durim", "Shpetim"};
         List<String> expectedResult = Arrays.asList("Bashkim", "Lulzim", "Shpetim");
         List<String> actualResult = StreamIndices.getOddIndexedStrings(names);
@@ -39,30 +38,33 @@ public class StreamIndicesTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenList_whenGetIndexedStrings_thenReturnListOfEvenIndexedStrings() {
+    public void givenList_whenCalled_thenReturnListOfEvenIndexedStrings() {
         List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Afrim", "Bashkim", "Besim", "Lulzim", "Durim", "Shpetim");
-        List<Indexed<String>> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(Indexed.index(0, "Afrim"), Indexed.index(2, "Besim"), Indexed.index(4, "Durim"));
+        List<Indexed<String>> expectedResult = Arrays
+          .asList(Indexed.index(0, "Afrim"), Indexed.index(2, "Besim"), Indexed
+            .index(4, "Durim"));
         List<Indexed<String>> actualResult = StreamIndices.getEvenIndexedStrings(names);
 
         assertEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenList_whenGetIndexedStrings_thenReturnListOfOddIndexedStrings() {
+    public void givenList_whenCalled_thenReturnListOfOddIndexedStrings() {
         List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Afrim", "Bashkim", "Besim", "Lulzim", "Durim", "Shpetim");
-        List<Indexed<String>> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(Indexed.index(1, "Bashkim"), Indexed.index(3, "Lulzim"), Indexed.index(5, "Shpetim"));
+        List<Indexed<String>> expectedResult = Arrays
+          .asList(Indexed.index(1, "Bashkim"), Indexed.index(3, "Lulzim"), Indexed
+            .index(5, "Shpetim"));
         List<Indexed<String>> actualResult = StreamIndices.getOddIndexedStrings(names);
 
         assertEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenArray_whenGetIndexedStrings_thenReturnListOfOddStringsVersionTwo() {
+    public void whenCalled_thenReturnListOfOddStringsVersionTwo() {
         String[] names = {"Afrim", "Bashkim", "Besim", "Lulzim", "Durim", "Shpetim"};
         List<String> expectedResult = Arrays.asList("Bashkim", "Lulzim", "Shpetim");
         List<String> actualResult = StreamIndices.getOddIndexedStringsVersionTwo(names);
 
         assertEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
     }
-
 }

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/diamond/Car.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package org.baeldung.java.diamond;
+
+public class Car<T extends Engine> implements Vehicle<T> {
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/diamond/DiamondOperatorUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package org.baeldung.java.diamond;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class DiamondOperatorUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreateCarUsingDiamondOperator_thenSuccess() {
+        Car<Diesel> myCar = new Car<>();
+        assertNotNull(myCar);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/diamond/Diesel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.baeldung.java.diamond;
+
+public class Diesel implements Engine {
+
+	@Override
+	public void start() {
+		System.out.println("Started Diesel...");
+	}
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/diamond/Engine.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package org.baeldung.java.diamond;
+
+public interface Engine {
+
+	void start();
+}

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/diamond/Vehicle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package org.baeldung.java.diamond;
+
+public interface Vehicle<T extends Engine> {
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/rawtypes/RawTypesTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package org.baeldung.java.rawtypes;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class RawTypesTest {
+    @Test
+    public void shouldCreateListUsingRawTypes() {
+        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+        List myList = new ArrayList();
+        myList.add(new Object());
+        myList.add("2");
+        myList.add(new Integer(1));
+    }
+}

geotools/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>geotools</artifactId>
+    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <name>geotools</name>
+    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>junit</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+            <version>4.12</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+            <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
+            <version>${geotools-shapefile.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+            <artifactId>gt-epsg-hsql</artifactId>
+            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+            <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
+            <version>${geotools-swing.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <repositories>
+        <repository>
+            <id>maven2-repository.dev.java.net</id>
+            <name>Java.net repository</name>
+            <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2</url>
+        </repository>
+        <repository>
+            <id>osgeo</id>
+            <name>Open Source Geospatial Foundation Repository</name>
+            <url>http://download.osgeo.org/webdav/geotools/</url>
+        </repository>
+        <repository>
+            <snapshots>
+                <enabled>true</enabled>
+            </snapshots>
+            <id>opengeo</id>
+            <name>OpenGeo Maven Repository</name>
+            <url>http://repo.opengeo.org</url>
+        </repository>
+    </repositories>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <inherited>true</inherited>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>1.8</source>
+                    <target>1.8</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+       <properties>
+        <geotools.version>15.2</geotools.version>
+        <geotools-swing.version>15.2</geotools-swing.version>
+        <geotools-shapefile.version>15.2</geotools-shapefile.version>
+    </properties>
+</project>

geotools/src/main/java/com/baeldung/geotools/ShapeFile.java

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.geotools;
 
-import java.io.File;
+import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Coordinate;
-import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
+import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Point;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-
 import org.geotools.data.DataUtilities;
 import org.geotools.data.DefaultTransaction;
 import org.geotools.data.Transaction;
@@ -23,9 +19,13 @@ import org.geotools.swing.data.JFileDataStoreChooser;
 import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeature;
 import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureType;
 
-import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Coordinate;
+import java.io.File;
-import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
+import java.io.Serializable;
-import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Point;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
 public class ShapeFile {
 
@@ -41,15 +41,105 @@ public class ShapeFile {
 
         SimpleFeatureType CITY = createFeatureType();
 
-        SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(CITY);
+        addLocations(CITY, collection);
-
-        addLocations(featureBuilder, collection);
 
         File shapeFile = getNewShapeFile();
 
         ShapefileDataStoreFactory dataStoreFactory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory();
 
         Map<String, Serializable> params = new HashMap<String, Serializable>();
+
+        ShapefileDataStore dataStore = setDataStoreParams(dataStoreFactory, params, shapeFile, CITY);
+
+        writeToFile(dataStore, collection);
+    }
+
+    static SimpleFeatureType createFeatureType() {
+
+        SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder builder = new SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder();
+        builder.setName("Location");
+        builder.setCRS(DefaultGeographicCRS.WGS84);
+
+        builder.add("Location", Point.class);
+        builder.length(15)
+          .add("Name", String.class);
+
+        return builder.buildFeatureType();
+    }
+
+    static void addLocations(SimpleFeatureType CITY, DefaultFeatureCollection collection) {
+
+        Map<String, List<Double>> locations = new HashMap<>();
+
+        double lat = 13.752222;
+        double lng = 100.493889;
+        addToLocationMap("Bangkok", lat, lng, locations);
+
+        lat = 53.083333;
+        lng = -0.15;
+        addToLocationMap("New York", lat, lng, locations);
+
+        lat = -33.925278;
+        lng = 18.423889;
+        addToLocationMap("Cape Town", lat, lng, locations);
+
+        lat = -33.859972;
+        lng = 151.211111;
+        addToLocationMap("Sydney", lat, lng, locations);
+
+        lat = 45.420833;
+        lng = -75.69;
+        addToLocationMap("Ottawa", lat, lng, locations);
+
+        lat = 30.07708;
+        lng = 31.285909;
+        addToLocationMap("Cairo", lat, lng, locations);
+
+        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory(null);
+
+        locations.entrySet().stream()
+          .map(toFeature(CITY, geometryFactory))
+          .forEach(collection::add);
+    }
+
+    private static Function<Map.Entry<String, List<Double>>, SimpleFeature> toFeature(SimpleFeatureType CITY, GeometryFactory geometryFactory) {
+        return location -> {
+            Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(
+              new Coordinate(location.getValue()
+                .get(0), location.getValue().get(1)));
+
+            SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(CITY);
+            featureBuilder.add(point);
+            featureBuilder.add(location.getKey());
+            return featureBuilder.buildFeature(null);
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static void addToLocationMap(String name, double lat, double lng, Map<String, List<Double>> locations) {
+        List<Double> coordinates = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        coordinates.add(lat);
+        coordinates.add(lng);
+        locations.put(name, coordinates);
+    }
+
+    private static File getNewShapeFile() {
+        String filePath = new File(".").getAbsolutePath() + FILE_NAME;
+
+        JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
+        chooser.setDialogTitle("Save shapefile");
+        chooser.setSelectedFile(new File(filePath));
+
+        int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);
+
+        if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
+            System.exit(0);
+        }
+
+        return chooser.getSelectedFile();
+    }
+
+    private static ShapefileDataStore setDataStoreParams(ShapefileDataStoreFactory dataStoreFactory, Map<String, Serializable> params, File shapeFile, SimpleFeatureType CITY) throws Exception {
         params.put("url", shapeFile.toURI()
           .toURL());
         params.put("create spatial index", Boolean.TRUE);
@@ -57,6 +147,11 @@ public class ShapeFile {
         ShapefileDataStore dataStore = (ShapefileDataStore) dataStoreFactory.createNewDataStore(params);
         dataStore.createSchema(CITY);
 
+        return dataStore;
+    }
+
+    private static void writeToFile(ShapefileDataStore dataStore, DefaultFeatureCollection collection) throws Exception {
+
         // If you decide to use the TYPE type and create a Data Store with it,
         // You will need to uncomment this line to set the Coordinate Reference System
         // newDataStore.forceSchemaCRS(DefaultGeographicCRS.WGS84);
@@ -73,11 +168,9 @@ public class ShapeFile {
             try {
                 featureStore.addFeatures(collection);
                 transaction.commit();
-
             } catch (Exception problem) {
                 problem.printStackTrace();
                 transaction.rollback();
-
             } finally {
                 transaction.close();
             }
@@ -86,102 +179,5 @@ public class ShapeFile {
             System.out.println(typeName + " does not support read/write access");
             System.exit(1);
         }
-
     }
-
-    public static SimpleFeatureType createFeatureType() {
-
-        SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder builder = new SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder();
-        builder.setName("Location");
-        builder.setCRS(DefaultGeographicCRS.WGS84);
-
-        builder.add("Location", Point.class);
-        builder.length(15)
-            .add("Name", String.class);
-
-        SimpleFeatureType CITY = builder.buildFeatureType();
-
-        return CITY;
-    }
-
-    public static void addLocations(SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder, DefaultFeatureCollection collection) {
-
-        Map<String, List<Double>> locations = new HashMap<>();
-
-        double lat = 13.752222;
-        double lng = 100.493889;
-        String name = "Bangkok";
-        addToLocationMap(name, lat, lng, locations);
-
-        lat = 53.083333;
-        lng = -0.15;
-        name = "New York";
-        addToLocationMap(name, lat, lng, locations);
-
-        lat = -33.925278;
-        lng = 18.423889;
-        name = "Cape Town";
-        addToLocationMap(name, lat, lng, locations);
-
-        lat = -33.859972;
-        lng = 151.211111;
-        name = "Sydney";
-        addToLocationMap(name, lat, lng, locations);
-
-        lat = 45.420833;
-        lng = -75.69;
-        name = "Ottawa";
-        addToLocationMap(name, lat, lng, locations);
-
-        lat = 30.07708;
-        lng = 31.285909;
-        name = "Cairo";
-        addToLocationMap(name, lat, lng, locations);
-
-        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory(null);
-
-        for (Map.Entry<String, List<Double>> location : locations.entrySet()) {
-            Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(new Coordinate(location.getValue()
-                .get(0),
-                location.getValue()
-                    .get(1)));
-            featureBuilder.add(point);
-            featureBuilder.add(name);
-            SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null);
-            collection.add(feature);
-        }
-
-    }
-    
-    private static void addToLocationMap(String name, double lat, double lng, Map<String, List<Double>> locations) {
-        List<Double> coordinates = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        coordinates.add(lat);
-        coordinates.add(lng);
-        locations.put(name, coordinates);
-    }
-
-    private static File getNewShapeFile() {
-        String filePath = new File(".").getAbsolutePath() + FILE_NAME;
-        
-
-        JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
-        chooser.setDialogTitle("Save shapefile");
-        chooser.setSelectedFile(new File(filePath));
-
-        int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);
-
-        if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
-            System.exit(0);
-        }
-
-        File shapeFile = chooser.getSelectedFile();
-        if (shapeFile.equals(filePath)) {
-            System.out.println("Error: cannot replace " + filePath);
-            System.exit(0);
-        }
-
-        return shapeFile;
-    }
-
 }

geotools/src/test/java/com/baeldung/geotools/GeoToolsUnitTest.java

@@ -7,21 +7,16 @@ import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureBuilder;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureType;
 
-public class GeoToolsUnitTestTest {
+public class GeoToolsUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenFeatureType_whenAddLocations_returnFeatureCollection() {
-
         DefaultFeatureCollection collection = new DefaultFeatureCollection();
 
         SimpleFeatureType CITY = ShapeFile.createFeatureType();
 
-        SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(CITY);
+        ShapeFile.addLocations(CITY, collection);
-
-        ShapeFile.addLocations(featureBuilder, collection);
 
         assertNotNull(collection);
-
     }
-
 }

javaxval/bean-validation/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.beanvalidation</groupId>
+    <artifactId>beanvalidation</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>beanvalidation</name>
+    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
+    <properties>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    </properties>
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>junit</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+            <version>4.12</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
+            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0.0.Final</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
+            <version>6.0.2.Final</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
+            <version>3.0.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
+            <version>2.2.4</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+</project>

javaxval/bean-validation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/application/Application.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation.application;
+
+import javax.validation.Validation;
+import javax.validation.Validator;
+import com.baeldung.beanvalidation.model.User;
+
+public class Application {
+    
+    public static void main( String[] args ) {
+        Validator validator = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator();
+        User user = new User();
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("no-email");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        validator.validate(user).stream().forEach(violation -> System.out.println(violation.getMessage()));
+    }
+}

javaxval/bean-validation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/container/IntegerContainer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation.container;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Positive;
+
+public class IntegerContainer {
+
+    private Optional<@Positive(message = "Value must be a positive integer") Integer> container = Optional.empty();
+    
+    public void addElement(int element) {
+        container = Optional.of(element);
+    }
+}

javaxval/bean-validation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/container/StringContainer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation.container;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+
+public class StringContainer {
+    
+    private List<@NotNull String> container = new ArrayList<>();
+    
+    public void addElement(String element) {
+        container.add(element);
+    }
+}

javaxval/bean-validation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/model/User.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation.model;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
+import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
+
+public class User implements Serializable {
+    
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @NotNull(message = "Name cannot be null")
+    @Size(min = 2, max = 32, message = "Name must be between 2 and 32 characters")
+    private String name;
+    
+    @Email(message = "Email must be a well-formed email address")
+    private String email;
+    
+    @Min(value = 1, message = "Age must not be lesser than 1")
+    @Max(value = 99, message = "Age must not be greater than 99")
+    private int age;
+    
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+
+    public int getAge() {
+        return age;
+    }
+
+    public void setAge(int age) {
+        this.age = age;
+    }
+}

javaxval/bean-validation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/service/EntityService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation.service;
+
+public interface EntityService {
+    
+    public String toString();
+    
+    public void processEntity();
+}

javaxval/bean-validation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/service/UserService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation.service;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import javax.validation.Valid;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
+import com.baeldung.beanvalidation.model.User;
+
+public class UserService implements EntityService, Serializable {
+    
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Valid
+    private User user;
+    
+    @NotNull(message = "FileName cannot be null")
+    @Size(min = 5, max = 10, message = "FileName must be between 5 and 10 characters")
+    private String fileName;
+    
+    public User getUser() {
+        return user;
+    }
+    
+    public void setUser(User user) {
+        this.user = user;
+    }
+    
+    public String getFileName() {
+        return fileName;
+    }
+    
+    public void setFileName(String fileName) {
+        this.fileName = fileName;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void processEntity() {
+        // process the user here
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "UserService [user=" + user + ", fileName=" + fileName + "]";
+    }
+}

javaxval/bean-validation/src/test/java/com/baeldung/beanvalidation/ValidationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package com.baeldung.beanvalidation;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
+import javax.validation.Validation;
+import javax.validation.Validator;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import com.baeldung.beanvalidation.container.IntegerContainer;
+import com.baeldung.beanvalidation.container.StringContainer;
+import com.baeldung.beanvalidation.model.User;
+import com.baeldung.beanvalidation.service.UserService;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class ValidationTest {
+
+    private static Validator validator;
+    private static User user;
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpHibernateValidatorInstance() {
+        validator = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator();
+    }
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpUserInstance() {
+        user = new User();
+    }
+    
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownHibernateValidatorInstance() {
+        validator = null;
+    }
+    
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownUserInstance() {
+        user = null;
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenNullName_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorForName() {
+        user.setName(null);
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        assertEquals("Name cannot be null", validator.validate(user).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenInvalidEmail_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorforEmail() {
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("no-email");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        assertEquals("Email must be a well-formed email address", validator.validate(user).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenAgeLesserThanLowerBound_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorforAge() {
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(0);
+        assertEquals("Age must not be lesser than 1", validator.validate(user).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenAgeGreaterThanUpperBound_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorforAge() {
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(100);
+        assertEquals("Age must not be greater than 99", validator.validate(user).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenNullFileName_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorforFileName() {
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        UserService userService = new UserService();
+        userService.setFileName(null);
+        userService.setUser(user);
+        assertEquals("FileName cannot be null", validator.validate(userService).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenFileNameShortherThanLowerBound_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorforFileName() {
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        UserService userService = new UserService();
+        userService.setFileName("");
+        userService.setUser(user);
+        assertEquals("FileName must be between 5 and 10 characters", validator.validate(userService).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenFileNameLongerThanUpperBound_whenValidated_thenMessageDescriptorforFileName() {
+        user.setName("Mary");
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        UserService userService = new UserService();
+        userService.setFileName("waytoolongfilename");
+        userService.setUser(user);
+        assertEquals("FileName must be between 5 and 10 characters", validator.validate(userService).stream().map(violation -> violation.getMessage()).collect(Collectors.joining()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenNullUserAndNullFileName_whenValidated_thenTwoConstraintViolations() {
+        user.setName(null);
+        user.setEmail("mary@domain.com");
+        user.setAge(36);
+        UserService userService = new UserService();
+        userService.setFileName(null);
+        userService.setUser(user);
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<UserService>> constraintViolations = validator.validate(userService);
+        assertEquals(2, constraintViolations.size());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenNullElement_whenValidated_thenOneConstraintViolation() {
+        StringContainer container = new StringContainer();
+        container.addElement(null);
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<StringContainer>> constraintViolations = validator.validate(container);
+        assertEquals(1, constraintViolations.size());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenNegativeInteger_whenValidated_thenOneConstraintViolation() {
+        IntegerContainer container = new IntegerContainer();
+        container.addElement(-1);
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<IntegerContainer>> constraintViolations = validator.validate(container);
+        assertEquals(1, constraintViolations.size());
+    }
+}

jee7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arquillan/ArquillianLiveTest.java

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import com.baeldung.arquillian.Component;
 import com.baeldung.arquillian.ConvertToLowerCase;
 
 @RunWith(Arquillian.class)
-public class ArquillianTest {
+public class ArquillianLiveTest {
 
     @Deployment
     public static JavaArchive createDeployment() {

kotlin/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/JvmSample.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin
+
+class JvmSample(text:String) {
+    @JvmField
+    val sampleText:String = text
+}
+
+class CompanionSample {
+    companion object {
+        @JvmField val MAX_LIMIT = 20
+    }
+}

kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/JvmSampleTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin
+
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+class JvmSampleTest {
+
+    var sample = ""
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        sample = JvmSample("Hello!").sampleText
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenField_whenCheckValue_thenMatchesValue() {
+        assertTrue(sample == "Hello!")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenStaticVariable_whenCheckValue_thenMatchesValue() {
+        // Sample when is treated as a static variable
+        assertTrue(CompanionSample.MAX_LIMIT == 20)
+    }
+}

libraries/README.md

@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@
 - [A Guide to Apache Commons DbUtils](http://www.baeldung.com/apache-commons-dbutils)
 - [Introduction to Awaitility](http://www.baeldung.com/awaitlity-testing)
 - [Guide to the HyperLogLog Algorithm](http://www.baeldung.com/java-hyperloglog)
-- [Introduction to Neuroph](http://www.baeldung.com/intro-to-neuroph)
+- [Introduction to Neuroph](http://www.baeldung.com/neuroph)
 - [Guide to Apache Commons CircularFifoQueue](http://www.baeldung.com/commons-circular-fifo-queue)
 - [Quick Guide to RSS with Rome](http://www.baeldung.com/rome-rss)
-- [Introduction to NoException](http://www.baeldung.com/intrduction-to-noexception)
+- [Introduction to NoException](http://www.baeldung.com/no-exception)
-
+- [Introduction to FunctionalJava](http://www.baeldung.com/functional-java)
+- [Apache Commons IO](http://www.baeldung.com/apache-commons-io)
 
 The libraries module contains examples related to small libraries that are relatively easy to use and does not require any separate module of its own.
 

libraries/pom.xml

@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@
                 </executions>
             </plugin>
             <!-- /Neuroph -->
-            
         </plugins>
     </build>
     <dependencies>
@@ -136,6 +135,11 @@
             <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
             <version>${commons-text.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>tec.units</groupId>
+            <artifactId>unit-ri</artifactId>
+            <version>1.0.3</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
             <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
@@ -483,20 +487,27 @@
             <artifactId>vavr</artifactId>
             <version>${vavr.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        
+        <!-- Retrofit -->
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
-            <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>retrofit</artifactId>
-            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+            <version>${retrofit.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
-            <artifactId>gt-epsg-hsql</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>converter-gson</artifactId>
-            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+            <version>${retrofit.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
-            <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>adapter-rxjava</artifactId>
-            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+            <version>${retrofit.version}</version>
+        </dependency>        
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
+            <artifactId>logging-interceptor</artifactId>
+            <version>3.9.0</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.darwinsys</groupId>
@@ -519,6 +530,36 @@
             <artifactId>yarg</artifactId>
             <version>2.0.4</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>net.engio</groupId>
+            <artifactId>mbassador</artifactId>
+            <version>1.3.1</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jdeferred</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jdeferred-core</artifactId>
+            <version>1.2.6</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.codepoetics</groupId>
+            <artifactId>protonpack</artifactId>
+            <version>${protonpack.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+	          <groupId>org.functionaljava</groupId>
+	          <artifactId>functionaljava</artifactId>
+	          <version>4.7</version>
+	      </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+   			    <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
+   			    <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
+   			    <version>${cache.version}</version>
+   		  </dependency>
+		    <dependency>
+		        <groupId>com.hazelcast</groupId>
+		        <artifactId>hazelcast</artifactId>
+		        <version>${hazelcast.version}</version>
+		    </dependency>
     </dependencies>
     <repositories>
         <repository>
@@ -526,19 +567,6 @@
             <name>Java.net repository</name>
             <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2</url>
         </repository>
-        <repository>
-            <id>osgeo</id>
-            <name>Open Source Geospatial Foundation Repository</name>
-            <url>http://download.osgeo.org/webdav/geotools/</url>
-        </repository>
-        <repository>
-            <snapshots>
-                <enabled>true</enabled>
-            </snapshots>
-            <id>opengeo</id>
-            <name>OpenGeo Maven Repository</name>
-            <url>http://repo.opengeo.org</url>
-        </repository>
         <repository>
             <snapshots>
                 <enabled>false</enabled>
@@ -592,8 +620,14 @@
         <eclipse-collections.version>8.2.0</eclipse-collections.version>
         <streamex.version>0.6.5</streamex.version>
         <vavr.version>0.9.0</vavr.version>
-        <geotools.version>15.2</geotools.version>
         <joda-time.version>2.9.9</joda-time.version>
         <hirondelle-date4j.version>1.5.1</hirondelle-date4j.version>
+        <retrofit.version>2.3.0</retrofit.version>
+        <joda-time.version>2.9.9</joda-time.version>
+        <hirondelle-date4j.version>1.5.1</hirondelle-date4j.version>
+        <protonpack.version>1.14</protonpack.version>
+        <unit-ri.version>1.0.3</unit-ri.version>
+        <cache.version>1.0.0</cache.version>
+    	<hazelcast.version>3.8.4</hazelcast.version>
     </properties>
 </project>

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/commons/io/FileMonitor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.commons.io;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.monitor.FileAlterationListener;
+import org.apache.commons.io.monitor.FileAlterationListenerAdaptor;
+import org.apache.commons.io.monitor.FileAlterationMonitor;
+import org.apache.commons.io.monitor.FileAlterationObserver;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+public class FileMonitor {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        File folder = FileUtils.getTempDirectory();
+        startFileMonitor(folder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param folder
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public static void startFileMonitor(File folder) throws Exception {
+        FileAlterationObserver observer = new FileAlterationObserver(folder);
+        FileAlterationMonitor monitor = new FileAlterationMonitor(5000);
+
+        FileAlterationListener fal = new FileAlterationListenerAdaptor() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFileCreate(File file) {
+                // on create action
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFileDelete(File file) {
+                // on delete action
+            }
+        };
+
+        observer.addListener(fal);
+        monitor.addObserver(observer);
+        monitor.start();
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/fj/FunctionalJavaIOMain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.fj;
+
+import fj.F;
+import fj.F1Functions;
+import fj.Unit;
+import fj.data.IO;
+import fj.data.IOFunctions;
+
+public class FunctionalJavaIOMain {
+    
+    public static IO<Unit> printLetters(final String s) {
+        return () -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+                System.out.println(s.charAt(i));
+            }
+            return Unit.unit();
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+        F<String, IO<Unit>> printLetters = i -> printLetters(i);
+
+        IO<Unit> lowerCase = IOFunctions
+          .stdoutPrintln("What's your first Name ?");
+
+        IO<Unit> input = IOFunctions.stdoutPrint("First Name: ");
+
+        IO<Unit> userInput = IOFunctions.append(lowerCase, input);
+
+        IO<String> readInput = IOFunctions.stdinReadLine();
+
+        F<String, String> toUpperCase = i -> i.toUpperCase();
+
+        F<String, IO<Unit>> transformInput = F1Functions
+          .<String, IO<Unit>, String> o(printLetters).f(toUpperCase);
+
+        IO<Unit> readAndPrintResult = IOFunctions.bind(readInput,
+          transformInput);
+
+        IO<Unit> program = IOFunctions.bind(userInput,
+          nothing -> readAndPrintResult);
+
+        IOFunctions.toSafe(program).run();
+
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/fj/FunctionalJavaMain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.fj;
+
+import fj.F;
+import fj.Show;
+import fj.data.Array;
+import fj.data.List;
+import fj.data.Option;
+import fj.function.Characters;
+import fj.function.Integers;
+
+public class FunctionalJavaMain {
+
+    public static final F<Integer, Boolean> isEven = i -> i % 2 == 0;
+    
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        
+        List<Integer> fList = List.list(3, 4, 5, 6);
+        List<Boolean> evenList = fList.map(isEven);
+        Show.listShow(Show.booleanShow).println(evenList);
+        
+        fList = fList.map(i -> i + 1);
+        Show.listShow(Show.intShow).println(fList);
+        
+        Array<Integer> a = Array.array(17, 44, 67, 2, 22, 80, 1, 27);
+        Array<Integer> b = a.filter(Integers.even);
+        Show.arrayShow(Show.intShow).println(b);
+
+        Array<String> array = Array.array("Welcome", "To", "baeldung");
+        Boolean isExist = array.exists(s -> List.fromString(s).forall(Characters.isLowerCase));
+        System.out.println(isExist);
+        
+        Array<Integer> intArray = Array.array(17, 44, 67, 2, 22, 80, 1, 27);
+        int sum = intArray.foldLeft(Integers.add, 0);
+        System.out.println(sum);
+        
+        Option<Integer> n1 = Option.some(1);
+        Option<Integer> n2 = Option.some(2);
+
+        F<Integer, Option<Integer>> f1 = i -> i % 2 == 0 ? Option.some(i + 100) : Option.none();
+
+        Option<Integer> result1 = n1.bind(f1);
+        Option<Integer> result2 = n2.bind(f1);
+
+        Show.optionShow(Show.intShow).println(result1);
+        Show.optionShow(Show.intShow).println(result2);
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jcache/SimpleCacheEntryListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+import javax.cache.event.CacheEntryCreatedListener;
+import javax.cache.event.CacheEntryEvent;
+import javax.cache.event.CacheEntryListenerException;
+import javax.cache.event.CacheEntryUpdatedListener;
+
+public class SimpleCacheEntryListener implements CacheEntryCreatedListener<String, String>, CacheEntryUpdatedListener<String, String>, Serializable {
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -712657810462878763L;
+    private boolean updated;
+    private boolean created;
+
+    public boolean getUpdated() {
+        return this.updated;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getCreated() {
+        return this.created;
+    }
+
+    public void onUpdated(Iterable<CacheEntryEvent<? extends String, ? extends String>> events) throws CacheEntryListenerException {
+        this.updated = true;
+    }
+
+    public void onCreated(Iterable<CacheEntryEvent<? extends String, ? extends String>> events) throws CacheEntryListenerException {
+        this.created = true;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jcache/SimpleCacheLoader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoader;
+import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoaderException;
+
+public class SimpleCacheLoader implements CacheLoader<Integer, String> {
+
+    @Override
+    public String load(Integer key) throws CacheLoaderException {
+        return "fromCache" + key;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<Integer, String> loadAll(Iterable<? extends Integer> keys) throws CacheLoaderException {
+        Map<Integer, String> data = new HashMap<>();
+        for (int key : keys) {
+            data.put(key, load(key));
+        }
+        return data;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jcache/SimpleEntryProcessor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessor;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorException;
+import javax.cache.processor.MutableEntry;
+
+public class SimpleEntryProcessor implements EntryProcessor<String, String, String>, Serializable {
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5616476363722945132L;
+
+    public String process(MutableEntry<String, String> entry, Object... args) throws EntryProcessorException {
+
+        if (entry.exists()) {
+            String current = entry.getValue();
+            entry.setValue(current + " - modified");
+            return current;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/FilterDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered;
+
+import org.jdeferred.Deferred;
+import org.jdeferred.Promise;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DeferredObject;
+
+class FilterDemo {
+
+    private static String modifiedMsg;
+    
+    static String filter(String msg) {
+        
+        Deferred<String, ?, ?> d = new DeferredObject<>();
+        Promise<String, ?, ?> p = d.promise();
+        Promise<String, ?, ?> filtered = p.then((result) -> {
+            modifiedMsg = "Hello " + result;
+        });
+
+        filtered.done(r -> System.out.println("filtering done"));
+
+        d.resolve(msg);
+        return modifiedMsg;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/PipeDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered;
+
+import org.jdeferred.Deferred;
+import org.jdeferred.DonePipe;
+import org.jdeferred.Promise;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DeferredObject;
+
+class PipeDemo {
+
+    public enum Result {
+        SUCCESS, FAILURE
+    };
+
+    private static Result status;
+
+    static Result validate(int num) {
+        Deferred<Integer, ?, ?> d = new DeferredObject<>();
+        Promise<Integer, ?, ?> p = d.promise();
+
+        p.then((DonePipe<Integer, Integer, Exception, Void>) result -> {
+            if (result < 90) {
+                return new DeferredObject<Integer, Exception, Void>()
+                  .resolve(result);
+            } else {
+                return new DeferredObject<Integer, Exception, Void>()
+                  .reject(new Exception("Unacceptable value"));
+            }
+        }).done(r -> status = Result.SUCCESS)
+          .fail(r -> status = Result.FAILURE);
+
+        d.resolve(num);
+
+        return status;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/PromiseDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered;
+
+import org.jdeferred.Deferred;
+import org.jdeferred.Promise;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DeferredObject;
+
+class PromiseDemo {
+
+    static void startJob(String jobName) {
+
+        Deferred<String, String, String> deferred = new DeferredObject<>();
+        Promise<String, String, String> promise = deferred.promise();
+
+        promise.done(result -> System.out.println("Job done"))
+          .fail(rejection -> System.out.println("Job fail"))
+          .progress(progress -> System.out.println("Job is in progress"))
+          .always((state, result, rejection) -> System.out.println("Job execution started"));
+
+        deferred.resolve(jobName);
+        // deferred.notify("");
+        // deferred.reject("oops");
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/ThreadSafeDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered;
+
+import org.jdeferred.Deferred;
+import org.jdeferred.DeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.Promise;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DefaultDeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DeferredObject;
+
+public class ThreadSafeDemo {
+
+    public static void task() {
+        DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager();
+        Deferred<String, String, String> deferred = new DeferredObject<>();
+        Promise<String, String, String> p1 = deferred.promise();
+        Promise<String, String, String> p = dm.when(p1)
+          .done(r -> System.out.println("done"))
+          .fail(r -> System.out.println("fail"));
+
+        synchronized (p) {
+            while (p.isPending()) {
+                try {
+                    p.wait();
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            p.waitSafely();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        deferred.resolve("Hello Baeldung");
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/manager/DeferredManagerDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered.manager;
+
+import org.jdeferred.Deferred;
+import org.jdeferred.DeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.Promise;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DefaultDeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DeferredObject;
+
+class DeferredManagerDemo {
+
+    public static void initiate() {
+        Deferred<String, String, String> deferred = new DeferredObject<>();
+        DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager();
+        Promise<String, String, String> p1 = deferred.promise(), p2 = deferred.promise(), p3 = deferred.promise();
+        dm.when(p1, p2, p3).done((result) -> {
+            System.out.println("done");
+        }).fail((result) -> {
+            System.out.println("fail");
+        });
+        deferred.resolve("Hello Baeldung");
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/manager/DeferredManagerWithExecutorDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered.manager;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+import org.jdeferred.Deferred;
+import org.jdeferred.DeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.Promise;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DefaultDeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DeferredObject;
+
+class DeferredManagerWithExecutorDemo {
+
+    public static void initiate() {
+        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+        Deferred<String, String, String> deferred = new DeferredObject<>();
+        DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager(executor);
+        Promise<String, String, String> p1 = deferred.promise(), p2 = deferred.promise(), p3 = deferred.promise();
+        dm.when(p1, p2, p3)
+          .done(r -> System.out.println("done"))
+          .fail(r -> System.out.println("fail"));
+        deferred.resolve("done");
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/manager/SimpleDeferredManagerDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered.manager;
+
+import org.jdeferred.DeferredManager;
+import org.jdeferred.impl.DefaultDeferredManager;
+
+class SimpleDeferredManagerDemo {
+
+    public static void initiate() {
+        DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager();
+        dm.when(() -> 1)
+          .done(r -> System.out.println("done"))
+          .fail(Throwable::printStackTrace);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/mbassador/AckMessage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.mbassador;
+
+public class AckMessage extends Message {
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/mbassador/Message.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.mbassador;
+
+public class Message {
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/mbassador/RejectMessage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.mbassador;
+
+public class RejectMessage extends Message {
+
+    int code;
+
+    public int getCode() {
+        return code;
+    }
+
+    public void setCode(int code) {
+        this.code = code;
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/measurement/WaterTank.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.measurement;
+
+import javax.measure.Quantity;
+import javax.measure.quantity.Volume;
+
+public class WaterTank {
+
+    private Quantity<Volume> capacityMeasure;
+    private double capacityDouble;
+
+    public void setCapacityMeasure(Quantity<Volume> capacityMeasure) {
+        this.capacityMeasure = capacityMeasure;
+    }
+
+    public void setCapacityDouble(double capacityDouble) {
+        this.capacityDouble = capacityDouble;
+    }
+
+    public Quantity<Volume> getCapacityMeasure() {
+        return capacityMeasure;
+    }
+
+    public double getCapacityDouble() {
+        return capacityDouble;
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/protonpack/CollectorUtilsExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.protonpack;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static com.codepoetics.protonpack.collectors.CollectorUtils.maxBy;
+import static com.codepoetics.protonpack.collectors.CollectorUtils.minBy;
+
+public class CollectorUtilsExample {
+
+    public void minMaxProjectionCollector() {
+        Stream<String> integerStream = Stream.of("a", "bb", "ccc", "1");
+
+        Optional<String> max = integerStream.collect(maxBy(String::length));
+        Optional<String> min = integerStream.collect(minBy(String::length));
+
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/protonpack/StreamUtilsExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package com.baeldung.protonpack;
+
+import com.codepoetics.protonpack.Indexed;
+import com.codepoetics.protonpack.StreamUtils;
+import com.codepoetics.protonpack.selectors.Selectors;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.LongStream;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+
+public class StreamUtilsExample {
+
+    public void createInfiniteIndex() {
+        LongStream indices = StreamUtils.indices();
+    }
+
+    public void zipAStreamWithIndex() {
+        Stream<String> source = Stream.of("Foo", "Bar", "Baz");
+        List<Indexed<String>> zipped = StreamUtils
+          .zipWithIndex(source)
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public void zipAPairOfStreams() {
+        Stream<String> streamA = Stream.of("A", "B", "C");
+        Stream<String> streamB = Stream.of("Apple", "Banana", "Carrot");
+
+        List<String> zipped = StreamUtils
+          .zip(streamA, streamB, (a, b) -> a + " is for " + b)
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public void zipThreeStreams() {
+        Stream<String> streamA = Stream.of("A", "B", "C");
+        Stream<String> streamB = Stream.of("aggravating", "banausic", "complaisant");
+        Stream<String> streamC = Stream.of("Apple", "Banana", "Carrot");
+
+        List<String> zipped = StreamUtils
+          .zip(streamA, streamB, streamC, (a, b, c) -> a + " is for " + b + " " + c)
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public void mergeThreeStreams() {
+        Stream<String> streamA = Stream.of("A", "B", "C");
+        Stream<String> streamB = Stream.of("apple", "banana", "carrot", "date");
+        Stream<String> streamC = Stream.of("fritter", "split", "cake", "roll", "pastry");
+
+        Stream<List<String>> merged = StreamUtils.mergeToList(streamA, streamB, streamC);
+    }
+
+    public void interleavingStreamsUsingRoundRobin() {
+        Stream<String> streamA = Stream.of("Peter", "Paul", "Mary");
+        Stream<String> streamB = Stream.of("A", "B", "C", "D", "E");
+        Stream<String> streamC = Stream.of("foo", "bar", "baz", "xyzzy");
+
+        Stream<String> interleaved = StreamUtils.interleave(Selectors.roundRobin(), streamA, streamB, streamC);
+    }
+
+    public void takeWhileAndTakeUntilStream() {
+        Stream<Integer> infiniteInts = Stream.iterate(0, i -> i + 1);
+        Stream<Integer> finiteIntsWhileLessThan10 = StreamUtils.takeWhile(infiniteInts, i -> i < 10);
+        Stream<Integer> finiteIntsUntilGreaterThan10 = StreamUtils.takeUntil(infiniteInts, i -> i > 10);
+    }
+
+    public void skipWhileAndSkipUntilStream() {
+        Stream<Integer> ints = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
+        Stream<Integer> skippedWhileConditionMet = StreamUtils.skipWhile(ints, i -> i < 4);
+        Stream<Integer> skippedUntilConditionMet = StreamUtils.skipWhile(ints, i -> i > 4);
+    }
+
+    public void unfoldStream() {
+        Stream<Integer> unfolded = StreamUtils.unfold(1, i -> (i < 10) ? Optional.of(i + 1) : Optional.empty());
+    }
+
+    public void windowedStream() {
+        Stream<Integer> integerStream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+
+        List<List<Integer>> windows = StreamUtils
+          .windowed(integerStream, 2)
+          .collect(toList());
+        List<List<Integer>> windowsWithSkipIndex = StreamUtils
+          .windowed(integerStream, 3, 2)
+          .collect(toList());
+        List<List<Integer>> windowsWithSkipIndexAndAllowLowerSize = StreamUtils
+          .windowed(integerStream, 2, 2, true)
+          .collect(toList());
+
+    }
+
+    public void groupRunsStreams() {
+        Stream<Integer> integerStream = Stream.of(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+
+        List<List<Integer>> runs = StreamUtils
+          .groupRuns(integerStream)
+          .collect(toList());
+    }
+
+    public void aggreagateOnBiElementPredicate() {
+        Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("a1", "b1", "b2", "c1");
+        Stream<List<String>> aggregated = StreamUtils.aggregate(stream, (e1, e2) -> e1.charAt(0) == e2.charAt(0));
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/basic/GitHubBasicApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.basic;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Contributor;
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Repository;
+
+import retrofit2.Call;
+import retrofit2.http.GET;
+import retrofit2.http.Path;
+
+public interface GitHubBasicApi {
+
+    /**
+     * List GitHub repositories of user
+     * @param user GitHub Account
+     * @return GitHub repositories
+     */
+    @GET("users/{user}/repos")
+    Call<List<Repository>> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
+    
+    /**
+     * List Contributors of a GitHub Repository
+     * @param user GitHub Account
+     * @param repo GitHub Repository
+     * @return GitHub Repository Contributors
+     */
+    @GET("repos/{user}/{repo}/contributors")
+    Call<List<Contributor>> listRepoContributors(
+      @Path("user") String user,
+      @Path("repo") String repo);
+    
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/basic/GitHubBasicApp.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.basic;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class GitHubBasicApp {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+        String userName = "eugenp";
+        List<String> topContributors = new GitHubBasicService()
+          .getTopContributors(userName);
+        topContributors.forEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/basic/GitHubBasicService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.basic;
+
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Contributor;
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Repository;
+import retrofit2.Retrofit;
+import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+class GitHubBasicService {
+
+    private GitHubBasicApi gitHubApi;
+
+    GitHubBasicService() {
+        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
+          .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
+          .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
+          .build();
+
+        gitHubApi = retrofit.create(GitHubBasicApi.class);
+    }
+
+    List<String> getTopContributors(String userName) throws IOException {
+        List<Repository> repos = gitHubApi
+          .listRepos(userName)
+          .execute()
+          .body();
+
+        repos = repos != null ? repos : Collections.emptyList();
+
+        return repos.stream()
+          .flatMap(repo -> getContributors(userName, repo))
+          .sorted((a, b) -> b.getContributions() - a.getContributions())
+          .map(Contributor::getName)
+          .distinct()
+          .sorted()
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    private Stream<Contributor> getContributors(String userName, Repository repo) {
+        List<Contributor> contributors = null;
+        try {
+            contributors = gitHubApi
+              .listRepoContributors(userName, repo.getName())
+              .execute()
+              .body();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        contributors = contributors != null ? contributors : Collections.emptyList();
+
+        return contributors.stream()
+          .filter(c -> c.getContributions() > 100);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/models/Contributor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.models;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+
+public class Contributor {
+    
+    @SerializedName("login")
+    private String name;
+    
+    private Integer contributions;
+    
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+    public Integer getContributions() {
+        return contributions;
+    }
+    public void setContributions(Integer contributions) {
+        this.contributions = contributions;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Contributer [name=" + name + ", contributions=" + contributions + "]";
+    }
+    
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/models/Repository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.models;
+
+public class Repository {
+    
+    private String name;
+    
+    private String description;
+    
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+    public void setDescription(String description) {
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Repository [name=" + name + ", description=" + description + "]";
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/rx/GitHubRxApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.rx;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Contributor;
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Repository;
+
+import retrofit2.http.GET;
+import retrofit2.http.Path;
+import rx.Observable;
+
+public interface GitHubRxApi {
+
+    /**
+     * List GitHub repositories of user
+     * @param user GitHub Account
+     * @return GitHub repositories
+     */
+    @GET("users/{user}/repos")
+    Observable<List<Repository>> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
+    
+    /**
+     * List Contributors of a GitHub Repository
+     * @param user GitHub Account
+     * @param repo GitHub Repository
+     * @return GitHub Repository Contributors
+     */
+    @GET("repos/{user}/{repo}/contributors")
+    Observable<List<Contributor>> listRepoContributors(
+      @Path("user") String user,
+      @Path("repo") String repo);
+    
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/rx/GitHubRxApp.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.rx;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class GitHubRxApp {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+        String userName = "eugenp";
+        new GitHubRxService().getTopContributors(userName)
+          .subscribe(System.out::println);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofit/rx/GitHubRxService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofit.rx;
+
+import com.baeldung.retrofit.models.Contributor;
+import retrofit2.Retrofit;
+import retrofit2.adapter.rxjava.RxJavaCallAdapterFactory;
+import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
+import rx.Observable;
+
+class GitHubRxService {
+
+    private GitHubRxApi gitHubApi;
+
+    GitHubRxService() {
+        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
+          .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
+          .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
+          .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
+          .build();
+
+        gitHubApi = retrofit.create(GitHubRxApi.class);
+    }
+
+    Observable<String> getTopContributors(String userName) {
+        return gitHubApi.listRepos(userName)
+          .flatMapIterable(x -> x)
+          .flatMap(repo -> gitHubApi.listRepoContributors(userName, repo.getName()))
+          .flatMapIterable(x -> x)
+          .filter(c -> c.getContributions() > 100)
+          .sorted((a, b) -> b.getContributions() - a.getContributions())
+          .map(Contributor::getName)
+          .distinct();
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofitguide/GitHubServiceGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofitguide;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import okhttp3.Interceptor;
+import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
+import okhttp3.Request;
+import okhttp3.Response;
+import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor;
+import retrofit2.Retrofit;
+import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
+
+public class GitHubServiceGenerator {
+
+    private static final String BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com/";
+
+    private static Retrofit.Builder builder
+            = new Retrofit.Builder()
+                    .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
+                    .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create());
+
+    private static Retrofit retrofit = builder.build();
+
+    private static OkHttpClient.Builder httpClient
+            = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
+
+    private static HttpLoggingInterceptor logging
+            = new HttpLoggingInterceptor()
+                    .setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BASIC);
+
+    public static <S> S createService(Class<S> serviceClass) {
+        if (!httpClient.interceptors().contains(logging)) {
+            httpClient.addInterceptor(logging);
+            builder.client(httpClient.build());
+            retrofit = builder.build();
+        }
+        return retrofit.create(serviceClass);
+    }
+
+    public static <S> S createService(Class<S> serviceClass, final String token) {
+        if (token != null) {
+            httpClient.interceptors().clear();
+            httpClient.addInterceptor(new Interceptor() {
+                @Override
+                public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
+                    Request original = chain.request();
+                    Request.Builder builder = original.newBuilder()
+                            .header("Authorization", token);
+                    Request request = builder.build();
+                    return chain.proceed(request);
+                }
+            });
+            builder.client(httpClient.build());
+            retrofit = builder.build();
+        }
+        return retrofit.create(serviceClass);
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofitguide/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofitguide;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
+import retrofit2.Call;
+import retrofit2.Callback;
+import retrofit2.Response;
+import retrofit2.Retrofit;
+import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
+
+public class Main {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        //Manual creation
+        OkHttpClient.Builder httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
+        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
+                .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
+                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
+                .client(httpClient.build())
+                .build();
+        UserService service = retrofit.create(UserService.class);
+        //Using GitHubServiceGenerator
+        service = GitHubServiceGenerator.createService(UserService.class);
+        Call<User> callSync = service.getUser("eugenp");
+        Call<User> callAsync = service.getUser("eugenp");
+
+        try {
+            Response<User> response = callSync.execute();
+            User user = response.body();
+            System.out.println(user);
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+        }
+
+        // Execute the call asynchronously. Get a positive or negative callback.
+        callAsync.enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
+                User user = response.body();
+                System.out.println(user);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable throwable) {
+                System.out.println(throwable);
+            }
+        });
+
+    }
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofitguide/User.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofitguide;
+
+public class User {
+
+    private String login;
+    private long id;
+    private String url;
+    private String company;
+    private String blog;
+    private String email;
+
+    public String getLogin() {
+        return login;
+    }
+
+    public void setLogin(String login) {
+        this.login = login;
+    }
+
+    public long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getUrl() {
+        return url;
+    }
+
+    public void setUrl(String url) {
+        this.url = url;
+    }
+
+    public String getCompany() {
+        return company;
+    }
+
+    public void setCompany(String company) {
+        this.company = company;
+    }
+
+    public String getBlog() {
+        return blog;
+    }
+
+    public void setBlog(String blog) {
+        this.blog = blog;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "User{" + "login=" + login + ", id=" + id + ", url=" + url + ", company=" + company + ", blog=" + blog + ", email=" + email + '}';
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/retrofitguide/UserService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.retrofitguide;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import retrofit2.Call;
+import retrofit2.http.GET;
+import retrofit2.http.Path;
+import retrofit2.http.Query;
+
+public interface UserService {
+
+    @GET("/users")
+    public Call<List<User>> getUsers(@Query("per_page") int per_page, @Query("page") int page);
+
+    @GET("/users/{username}")
+    public Call<User> getUser(@Path("username") String username);
+
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/commons/io/CommonsIOUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package com.baeldung.commons.io;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileSystemUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOCase;
+import org.apache.commons.io.comparator.PathFileComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.io.comparator.SizeFileComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.AndFileFilter;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.NameFileFilter;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.SuffixFileFilter;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.WildcardFileFilter;
+import org.apache.commons.io.input.TeeInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.io.output.TeeOutputStream;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FilterOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+public class CommonsIOUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCopyANDReadFileTesttxt_thenMatchExpectedData()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        String expectedData = "Hello World from fileTest.txt!!!";
+
+        File file = FileUtils.getFile(getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource("fileTest.txt")
+            .getPath());
+        File tempDir = FileUtils.getTempDirectory();
+        FileUtils.copyFileToDirectory(file, tempDir);
+        File newTempFile = FileUtils.getFile(tempDir, file.getName());
+        String data = FileUtils.readFileToString(newTempFile,
+            Charset.defaultCharset());
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedData, data.trim());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingFileNameUtils_thenshowdifferentFileOperations()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        String path = getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource("fileTest.txt")
+            .getPath();
+
+        String fullPath = FilenameUtils.getFullPath(path);
+        String extension = FilenameUtils.getExtension(path);
+        String baseName = FilenameUtils.getBaseName(path);
+
+        System.out.println("full path" + fullPath);
+        System.out.println("Extension" + extension);
+        System.out.println("Base name" + baseName);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingFileSystemUtils_thenDriveFreeSpace()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        long freeSpace = FileSystemUtils.freeSpaceKb("/");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingTeeInputOutputStream_thenWriteto2OutputStreams()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        final String str = "Hello World.";
+        ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes());
+        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream1 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream2 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        
+        FilterOutputStream teeOutputStream = new TeeOutputStream(outputStream1,outputStream2);
+        new TeeInputStream(inputStream, teeOutputStream, true).read(new byte[str.length()]);
+        
+        Assert.assertEquals(str, String.valueOf(outputStream1));
+        Assert.assertEquals(str, String.valueOf(outputStream2));
+     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenGetFilewithNameFileFilter_thenFindfileTesttxt()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        final String testFile = "fileTest.txt";
+
+        String path = getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource(testFile)
+            .getPath();
+        File dir = FileUtils.getFile(FilenameUtils.getFullPath(path));
+
+        String[] possibleNames = { "NotThisOne", testFile };
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(testFile,
+            dir.list(new NameFileFilter(possibleNames, IOCase.INSENSITIVE))[0]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenGetFilewith_ANDFileFilter_thenFindsampletxt()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        String path = getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource("fileTest.txt")
+            .getPath();
+        File dir = FileUtils.getFile(FilenameUtils.getFullPath(path));
+
+        Assert.assertEquals("sample.txt",
+            dir.list(new AndFileFilter(
+                new WildcardFileFilter("*ple*", IOCase.INSENSITIVE),
+                new SuffixFileFilter("txt")))[0]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSortDirWithPathFileComparator_thenFirstFileaaatxt()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        PathFileComparator pathFileComparator = new PathFileComparator(
+            IOCase.INSENSITIVE);
+        String path = FilenameUtils.getFullPath(getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource("fileTest.txt")
+            .getPath());
+        File dir = new File(path);
+        File[] files = dir.listFiles();
+
+        pathFileComparator.sort(files);
+
+        Assert.assertEquals("aaa.txt", files[0].getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSizeFileComparator_thenLargerFile()
+        throws IOException {
+
+        SizeFileComparator sizeFileComparator = new SizeFileComparator();
+        File largerFile = FileUtils.getFile(getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource("fileTest.txt")
+            .getPath());
+        File smallerFile = FileUtils.getFile(getClass().getClassLoader()
+            .getResource("sample.txt")
+            .getPath());
+
+        int i = sizeFileComparator.compare(largerFile, smallerFile);
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(i > 0);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fj/FunctionalJavaTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package com.baeldung.fj;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import fj.F;
+import fj.data.Array;
+import fj.data.List;
+import fj.data.Option;
+import fj.function.Characters;
+import fj.function.Integers;
+
+public class FunctionalJavaTest {
+	
+	public static final F<Integer, Boolean> isEven = i -> i % 2 == 0;
+	
+    @Test
+    public void calculateEvenNumbers_givenIntList_returnTrue() {
+    	List<Integer> fList = List.list(3, 4, 5, 6);
+        List<Boolean> evenList = fList.map(isEven);
+        List<Boolean> evenListTrueResult = List.list(false, true, false, true);
+        List<Boolean> evenListFalseResult = List.list(true, false, false, true);
+        assertEquals(evenList.equals(evenListTrueResult), true);
+        assertEquals(evenList.equals(evenListFalseResult), false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void mapList_givenIntList_returnResult() {
+    	List<Integer> fList = List.list(3, 4, 5, 6);
+    	fList = fList.map(i -> i + 100);
+    	List<Integer> resultList = List.list(103, 104, 105, 106);
+    	List<Integer> falseResultList = List.list(15, 504, 105, 106);
+    	assertEquals(fList.equals(resultList), true);
+    	assertEquals(fList.equals(falseResultList), false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void filterList_givenIntList_returnResult() {
+    	Array<Integer> array = Array.array(3, 4, 5, 6);
+    	Array<Integer> filteredArray = array.filter(Integers.even);
+    	Array<Integer> result = Array.array(4, 6);
+    	Array<Integer> wrongResult = Array.array(3, 5);
+    	assertEquals(filteredArray.equals(result), true);
+    	assertEquals(filteredArray.equals(wrongResult), false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void checkForLowerCase_givenStringArray_returnResult() {
+    	Array<String> array = Array.array("Welcome", "To", "baeldung");
+    	Array<String> array2 = Array.array("Welcome", "To", "Baeldung");
+        Boolean isExist = array.exists(s -> List.fromString(s).forall(Characters.isLowerCase));
+        Boolean isExist2 = array2.exists(s -> List.fromString(s).forall(Characters.isLowerCase));
+        assertEquals(isExist, true);
+        assertEquals(isExist2, false);
+    }
+   
+    @Test
+    public void checkOptions_givenOptions_returnResult() {
+        Option<Integer> n1 = Option.some(1);
+        Option<Integer> n2 = Option.some(2);
+
+        F<Integer, Option<Integer>> f1 = i -> i % 2 == 0 ? Option.some(i + 100) : Option.none();
+
+        Option<Integer> result1 = n1.bind(f1);
+        Option<Integer> result2 = n2.bind(f1);
+        
+        assertEquals(result1, Option.none());
+        assertEquals(result2, Option.some(102));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void foldLeft_givenArray_returnResult() {
+        Array<Integer> intArray = Array.array(17, 44, 67, 2, 22, 80, 1, 27);
+        int sum = intArray.foldLeft(Integers.add, 0);
+        assertEquals(sum, 260);
+    }
+    
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jcache/CacheLoaderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import javax.cache.Caching;
+import javax.cache.configuration.FactoryBuilder;
+import javax.cache.configuration.MutableConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.spi.CachingProvider;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CacheLoaderTest {
+
+    private static final String CACHE_NAME = "SimpleCache";
+
+    private Cache<Integer, String> cache;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        CachingProvider cachingProvider = Caching.getCachingProvider();
+        CacheManager cacheManager = cachingProvider.getCacheManager();
+        MutableConfiguration<Integer, String> config = new MutableConfiguration<Integer, String>().setReadThrough(true)
+            .setCacheLoaderFactory(new FactoryBuilder.SingletonFactory<>(new SimpleCacheLoader()));
+        this.cache = cacheManager.createCache("SimpleCache", config);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        Caching.getCachingProvider()
+          .getCacheManager().destroyCache(CACHE_NAME);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReadingFromStorage_thenCorrect() {
+        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+            String value = cache.get(i);
+            assertEquals("fromCache" + i, value);
+        }
+    }
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jcache/EntryProcessorTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import javax.cache.Caching;
+import javax.cache.configuration.MutableConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.spi.CachingProvider;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class EntryProcessorTest {
+
+    private static final String CACHE_NAME = "MyCache";
+
+    private Cache<String, String> cache;
+
+    @Before
+    public void instantiateCache() {
+        CachingProvider cachingProvider = Caching.getCachingProvider();
+        CacheManager cacheManager = cachingProvider.getCacheManager();
+        MutableConfiguration<String, String> config = new MutableConfiguration<>();
+        this.cache = cacheManager.createCache(CACHE_NAME, config);
+        this.cache.put("key", "value");
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        Caching.getCachingProvider()
+          .getCacheManager().destroyCache(CACHE_NAME);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenModifyValue_thenCorrect() {
+        this.cache.invoke("key", new SimpleEntryProcessor());
+        assertEquals("value - modified", cache.get("key"));
+    }
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jcache/EventListenerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import javax.cache.Caching;
+import javax.cache.configuration.FactoryBuilder;
+import javax.cache.configuration.MutableCacheEntryListenerConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.configuration.MutableConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.spi.CachingProvider;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class EventListenerTest {
+
+    private static final String CACHE_NAME = "MyCache";
+
+    private Cache<String, String> cache;
+    private SimpleCacheEntryListener listener;
+    private MutableCacheEntryListenerConfiguration<String, String> listenerConfiguration;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        CachingProvider cachingProvider = Caching.getCachingProvider();
+        CacheManager cacheManager = cachingProvider.getCacheManager();
+        MutableConfiguration<String, String> config = new MutableConfiguration<String, String>();
+        this.cache = cacheManager.createCache("MyCache", config);
+        this.listener = new SimpleCacheEntryListener();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        Caching.getCachingProvider()
+          .getCacheManager().destroyCache(CACHE_NAME);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenRunEvent_thenCorrect() throws InterruptedException {
+        this.listenerConfiguration = new MutableCacheEntryListenerConfiguration<>(FactoryBuilder
+          .factoryOf(this.listener), null, false, true);
+        this.cache.registerCacheEntryListener(this.listenerConfiguration);
+
+        assertEquals(false, this.listener.getCreated());
+
+        this.cache.put("key", "value");
+        assertEquals(true, this.listener.getCreated());
+        assertEquals(false, this.listener.getUpdated());
+
+        this.cache.put("key", "newValue");
+        assertEquals(true, this.listener.getUpdated());
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jcache/JCacheTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.jcache;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import javax.cache.Caching;
+import javax.cache.configuration.MutableConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.spi.CachingProvider;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class JCacheTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void instantiateCache() {
+        CachingProvider cachingProvider = Caching.getCachingProvider();
+        CacheManager cacheManager = cachingProvider.getCacheManager();
+        MutableConfiguration<String, String> config = new MutableConfiguration<>();
+        Cache<String, String> cache = cacheManager.createCache("simpleCache", config);
+        cache.put("key1", "value1");
+        cache.put("key2", "value2");
+        assertEquals("value1", cache.get("key1"));
+        assertEquals("value2", cache.get("key2"));
+        cacheManager.close();
+    }
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jdeffered/AppTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdeffered;
+
+import com.baeldung.jdeffered.PipeDemo.Result;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class AppTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenJob_expectPromise() {
+        PromiseDemo.startJob("Baeldung Job");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMsg_expectModifiedMsg() {
+        String msg = FilterDemo.filter("Baeldung");
+        assertEquals("Hello Baeldung", msg);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenNum_validateNum_expectStatus() {
+        Result result = PipeDemo.validate(80);
+        assertEquals(result, Result.SUCCESS);
+    }
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/mbassador/MBassadorAsyncDispatchTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.mbassador;
+
+import net.engio.mbassy.bus.MBassador;
+import net.engio.mbassy.listener.Handler;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.await;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+public class MBassadorAsyncDispatchTest {
+
+    private MBassador dispatcher = new MBassador<String>();
+    private String testString;
+    private AtomicBoolean ready = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+    @Before
+    public void prepareTests() {
+        dispatcher.subscribe(this);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenAsyncDispatched_thenMessageReceived() {
+        dispatcher.post("foobar").asynchronously();
+        await().untilAtomic(ready, equalTo(true));
+        assertNotNull(testString);
+    }
+
+    @Handler
+    public void handleStringMessage(String message) {
+        this.testString = message;
+        ready.set(true);
+    }
+}