Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master'

.gitignore

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ jmeter/src/main/resources/*-Basic*.csv
 jmeter/src/main/resources/*-JMeter*.csv
 jmeter/src/main/resources/*ReportsDashboard*.csv
 jmeter/src/main/resources/dashboard/*ReportsDashboard*.csv
+jmeter/src/main/resources/*FileExtractionExample.csv
 
 ninja/devDb.mv.db
 
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ spring-soap/src/main/java/com/baeldung/springsoap/gen/
 /report-*.json
 transaction.log
 *-shell.log
+customers.xml
 
 apache-cxf/cxf-aegis/baeldung.xml
 testing-modules/report-*.json
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ spring-boot-modules/spring-boot-react/frontend/build
 spring-boot-modules/spring-boot-react/frontend/node
 spring-boot-modules/spring-boot-react/frontend/yarn.lock
 spring-boot-modules/spring-boot-properties-3/*.log
+spring-boot-modules/spring-boot-properties-3/*.gz
 
 # SDKMan
 .sdkmanrc
@@ -109,5 +112,12 @@ spring-boot-modules/spring-boot-properties-3/*.log
 # Localstack
 **/.localstack
 
+#libraries-2
+libraries-2/employee*
+libraries-2/src/test/resources/crawler4j/**
+
 #web-modules/ninja
-devDb*.db
+devDb*.db
+
+#jaxb
+*.xjb

README.md

@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ Building a single module
 ====================
 To build a specific module, run the command: `mvn clean install` in the module directory.
 
+It can happen that your module is part of a parent module e.g. `parent-boot-1`,`parent-spring-5` etc, then you will need to build the parent module first so that you can build your module.
+We have created a `parents` profile that you can use to build just the parent modules, just run the profile as:
+`mvn clean install -Pparents`
+
 
 Building modules from the root of the repository
 ====================

akka-modules/akka-http/pom.xml

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
-
     <properties>
         <akka.http.version>10.0.11</akka.http.version>
         <akka.stream.version>2.5.11</akka.stream.version>

akka-modules/spring-akka/pom.xml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     </dependencyManagement>
 
     <properties>
-        <spring.version>4.3.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
+        <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
         <akka.version>2.4.14</akka.version>
     </properties>
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/checktargetsum/CheckTargetSum.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.checktargetsum;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class CheckTargetSum {
+    public boolean isTargetSumExistNaive(int[] nums, int target) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
+                if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isTargetSumExistSorted(int[] nums, int target) {
+        Arrays.sort(nums);
+
+        int start = 0;
+        int end = nums.length - 1;
+
+        while (start < end) {
+            int sum = nums[start] + nums[end];
+
+            if (sum == target) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (sum < target) {
+                start++;
+            } else {
+                end--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isTargetSumExistHashSet(int[] nums, int target) {
+        Set<Integer> hashSet = new HashSet<>();
+
+        for (int num : nums) {
+            int diff = target - num;
+
+            if (hashSet.contains(diff)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            hashSet.add(num);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/checktargetsum/CheckTargetSumUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.checktargetsum;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class CheckTargetSumUnitTest {
+    private CheckTargetSum checkTargetSum = new CheckTargetSum();
+
+    private int[] nums = new int[] { 10, 5, 15, 7, 14, 1, 9 };
+
+    private int existingTarget = 6;
+
+    private int nonExistingTarget = 27;
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayOfIntegers_whenTargetSumNaive_thenPairExists() {
+        assertTrue(checkTargetSum.isTargetSumExistNaive(nums, existingTarget));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayOfIntegers_whenTargetSumNaive_thenPairDoesNotExists() {
+        assertFalse(checkTargetSum.isTargetSumExistNaive(nums, nonExistingTarget));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayOfIntegers_whenTargetSumSorted_thenPairExists() {
+        assertTrue(checkTargetSum.isTargetSumExistNaive(nums, existingTarget));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayOfIntegers_whenTargetSumSorted_thenPairDoesNotExists() {
+        assertFalse(checkTargetSum.isTargetSumExistNaive(nums, nonExistingTarget));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayOfIntegers_whenTargetSumHashSet_thenPairExists() {
+        assertTrue(checkTargetSum.isTargetSumExistNaive(nums, existingTarget));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayOfIntegers_whenTargetSumHashSet_thenPairDoesNotExists() {
+        assertFalse(checkTargetSum.isTargetSumExistNaive(nums, nonExistingTarget));
+    }
+}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
 
 - [Algorithm to Identify and Validate a Credit Card Number](https://www.baeldung.com/java-validate-cc-number)
+- [Find the N Most Frequent Elements in a Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-n-most-frequent-elements-array)
+- [Getting Pixel Array From Image in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-getting-pixel-array-from-image)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-6)

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/frequentelements/MostFrequentElementsFinder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.frequentelements;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class MostFrequentElementsFinder {
+
+    public static List<Integer> findByHashMapAndPriorityQueue(Integer[] array, int n) {
+        Map<Integer, Integer> countMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+        // For each element i in the array, add it to the countMap and increment its count.
+        for (Integer i : array) {
+            countMap.put(i, countMap.getOrDefault(i, 0) + 1);
+        }
+
+        // Create a max heap (priority queue) that will prioritize elements with higher counts.
+        PriorityQueue<Integer> heap = new PriorityQueue<>(
+                (a, b) -> countMap.get(b) - countMap.get(a));
+
+        // Add all the unique elements in the array to the heap.
+        heap.addAll(countMap.keySet());
+
+        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n && !heap.isEmpty(); i++) {
+            // Poll the highest-count element from the heap and add it to the result list.
+            result.add(heap.poll());
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static List<Integer> findByStream(Integer[] arr, int n) {
+        return Arrays.stream(arr).collect(Collectors.groupingBy(i -> i, Collectors.counting()))
+                .entrySet().stream()
+                .sorted(Collections.reverseOrder(Map.Entry.comparingByValue()))
+                .map(Map.Entry::getKey)
+                .limit(n)
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public static List<Integer> findByTreeMap(Integer[] arr, int n) {
+        // Create a TreeMap and use a reverse order comparator to sort the entries by frequency in descending order
+        Map<Integer, Integer> countMap = new TreeMap<>(Collections.reverseOrder());
+
+        for (int i : arr) {
+            countMap.put(i, countMap.getOrDefault(i, 0) + 1);
+        }
+
+        // Create a list of the map entries and sort them by value (i.e. by frequency) in descending order
+        List<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> sortedEntries = new ArrayList<>(countMap.entrySet());
+        sortedEntries.sort((e1, e2) -> e2.getValue().compareTo(e1.getValue()));
+
+        // Extract the n most frequent elements from the sorted list of entries
+        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n && i < sortedEntries.size(); i++) {
+            result.add(sortedEntries.get(i).getKey());
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static List<Integer> findByBucketSort(Integer[] arr, int n) {
+        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        Map<Integer, Integer> freqMap = new HashMap<>();
+        List<Integer>[] bucket = new List[arr.length + 1];
+
+        // Loop through the input array and update the frequency count of each element in the HashMap
+        for (int num : arr) {
+            freqMap.put(num, freqMap.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1);
+        }
+
+        // Loop through the HashMap and add each element to its corresponding bucket based on its frequency count
+        for (int num : freqMap.keySet()) {
+            int freq = freqMap.get(num);
+            if (bucket[freq] == null) {
+                bucket[freq] = new ArrayList<>();
+            }
+            bucket[freq].add(num);
+        }
+
+        // Loop through the bucket array in reverse order and add the elements to the result list
+        // until we have found the n most frequent elements
+        for (int i = bucket.length - 1; i >= 0 && result.size() < n; i--) {
+            if (bucket[i] != null) {
+                result.addAll(bucket[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Return a sublist of the result list containing only the first n elements
+        return result.subList(0, n);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/pixelarray/GetPixelArray.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray;
+
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;
+public class GetPixelArray {
+
+    public static int[][] get2DPixelArraySlow(BufferedImage sampleImage) {
+        int width = sampleImage.getWidth();
+        int height = sampleImage.getHeight();
+        int[][] result = new int[height][width];
+
+        for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
+            for (int col = 0; col < width; col++) {
+                result[row][col] = sampleImage.getRGB(col, row);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static int[][] get2DPixelArrayFast(BufferedImage image) {
+        final byte[] pixelData = ((DataBufferByte) image.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();
+        final int width = image.getWidth();
+        final int height = image.getHeight();
+        final boolean hasAlphaChannel = image.getAlphaRaster() != null;
+
+        int[][] result = new int[height][width];
+        if (hasAlphaChannel) {
+            final int numberOfValues = 4;
+            for (int valueIndex = 0, row = 0, col = 0; valueIndex + numberOfValues - 1 < pixelData.length; valueIndex += numberOfValues) {
+                // Getting the values for each pixel from the pixelData array.
+                int argb = 0;
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex] & 0xff) << 24); // alpha value
+                argb += ((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 1] & 0xff); // blue value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 2] & 0xff) << 8); // green value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 3] & 0xff) << 16); // red value
+                result[row][col] = argb;
+
+                col++;
+                if (col == width) {
+                    col = 0;
+                    row++;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            final int numberOfValues = 3;
+            for (int valueIndex = 0, row = 0, col = 0; valueIndex + numberOfValues - 1 < pixelData.length; valueIndex += numberOfValues) {
+                int argb = 0;
+                argb += -16777216; // 255 alpha value (fully opaque)
+                argb += ((int) pixelData[valueIndex] & 0xff); // blue value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 1] & 0xff) << 8); // green value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 2] & 0xff) << 16); // red value
+                result[row][col] = argb;
+
+                col++;
+                if (col == width) {
+                    col = 0;
+                    row++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/frequentelements/MostFrequentElementsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.frequentelements;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Java6Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class MostFrequentElementsUnitTest {
+
+    private final Integer[] inputArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9};
+    private final int n = 3;
+    private final Integer[] outputArray = {9, 7, 5};
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegersArray_UseFindByHashMapAndPriorityQueueMethod_thenReturnMostFrequentElements() {
+        assertThat(MostFrequentElementsFinder.findByHashMapAndPriorityQueue(inputArray, n)).containsExactly(outputArray);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegersArray_UseFindByBucketSortMethod_thenReturnMostFrequentElements() {
+        assertThat(MostFrequentElementsFinder.findByBucketSort(inputArray, n)).containsExactly(outputArray);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegersArray_UseFindByStreamMethod_thenReturnMostFrequentElements() {
+        assertThat(MostFrequentElementsFinder.findByStream(inputArray, n)).containsExactly(outputArray);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegersArray_UseFindByTreeMapMethod_thenReturnMostFrequentElements() {
+        assertThat(MostFrequentElementsFinder.findByTreeMap(inputArray, n)).containsExactly(outputArray);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/pixelarray/GetPixelArrayUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray;
+
+import static com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray.GetPixelArray.get2DPixelArrayFast;
+import static com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray.GetPixelArray.get2DPixelArraySlow;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class GetPixelArrayUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenImage_whenGetPixelArray_thenBothMethodsReturnEqualValues() {
+        BufferedImage sampleImage = null;
+        try {
+            sampleImage = ImageIO.read(new File("src/main/resources/images/sampleImage.jpg"));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        int[][] firstResult = get2DPixelArraySlow(sampleImage);
+        int[][] secondResult = get2DPixelArrayFast(sampleImage);
+
+        assertTrue(Arrays.deepEquals(firstResult, secondResult));
+    }
+}

annotations/annotation-processing/pom.xml

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
-
     <properties>
         <auto-service.version>1.0-rc2</auto-service.version>
     </properties>

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-aegis/pom.xml

@@ -20,4 +20,8 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
+    <properties>
+        <cxf.version>4.0.0</cxf.version>
+    </properties>
+
 </project>

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/pom.xml

@@ -23,6 +23,16 @@
             <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http-jetty</artifactId>
             <version>${cxf.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.xml.ws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.xml.ws-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-xml.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.jws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.jws-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta.jws.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -37,4 +47,10 @@
         </plugins>
     </build>
 
+    <properties>
+        <cxf.version>4.0.0</cxf.version>
+        <jakarta-xml.version>4.0.0</jakarta-xml.version>
+        <jakarta.jws.version>3.0.0</jakarta.jws.version>
+    </properties>
+
 </project>

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/Baeldung.java

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import javax.jws.WebService;
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;
+import jakarta.jws.WebService;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;
 
 @WebService
 public interface Baeldung {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/BaeldungImpl.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import javax.jws.WebService;
+import jakarta.jws.WebService;
 
 @WebService(endpointInterface = "com.baeldung.cxf.introduction.Baeldung")
 public class BaeldungImpl implements Baeldung {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/Server.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 
-import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;
+import jakarta.xml.ws.Endpoint;
 
 public class Server {
     public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/Student.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;
 
 @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(StudentAdapter.class)
 public interface Student {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/StudentAdapter.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
 
 public class StudentAdapter extends XmlAdapter<StudentImpl, Student> {
     public StudentImpl marshal(Student student) throws Exception {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/StudentImpl.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
 
 @XmlType(name = "Student")
 public class StudentImpl implements Student {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/StudentMap.java

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
 
 @XmlType(name = "StudentMap")
 public class StudentMap {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/StudentMapAdapter.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.cxf.introduction;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
 
 public class StudentMapAdapter extends XmlAdapter<StudentMap, Map<Integer, Student>> {
     public StudentMap marshal(Map<Integer, Student> boundMap) throws Exception {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/src/test/java/com/baeldung/cxf/introduction/StudentLiveTest.java

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
-import javax.xml.ws.Service;
-import javax.xml.ws.soap.SOAPBinding;
+import jakarta.xml.ws.Service;
+import jakarta.xml.ws.soap.SOAPBinding;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-jaxrs-implementation/pom.xml

@@ -16,12 +16,28 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
             <artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-jaxrs</artifactId>
-            <version>${cxf.version}</version>
+            <version>4.0.0</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
             <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http-jetty</artifactId>
-            <version>${cxf.version}</version>
+            <version>4.0.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.xml.ws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.xml.ws-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-xml.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.jws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.jws-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-jws.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.platform</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.jakartaee-web-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-platform.version}</version>
+            <scope>compile</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
@@ -50,6 +66,9 @@
 
     <properties>
         <httpclient.version>4.5.2</httpclient.version>
+        <jakarta-xml.version>4.0.0</jakarta-xml.version>
+        <jakarta-jws.version>3.0.0</jakarta-jws.version>
+        <jakarta-platform.version>9.0.0</jakarta-platform.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-jaxrs-implementation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/jaxrs/implementation/Course.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.jaxrs.implementation;
 
-import javax.ws.rs.*;
-import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.*;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-jaxrs-implementation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/jaxrs/implementation/CourseRepository.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.jaxrs.implementation;
 
-import javax.ws.rs.*;
-import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.*;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-jaxrs-implementation/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cxf/jaxrs/implementation/Student.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.cxf.jaxrs.implementation;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
 
 @XmlRootElement(name = "Student")
 public class Student {

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-jaxrs-implementation/src/test/java/com/baeldung/cxf/jaxrs/implementation/ServiceLiveTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.net.URL;
 
-import javax.xml.bind.JAXB;
+import jakarta.xml.bind.JAXB;
 
 import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-spring/pom.xml

@@ -40,10 +40,22 @@
             <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
             <version>${spring.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.sun.xml.ws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jaxws-ri</artifactId>
+            <version>2.3.3</version>
+            <type>pom</type>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
             <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${javax.servlet-api.version}</version>
+            <version>4.0.1</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
+            <version>1.2</version>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
@@ -103,8 +115,9 @@
     </profiles>
 
     <properties>
-        <spring.version>4.3.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
+        <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
         <cargo-maven2-plugin.version>1.6.1</cargo-maven2-plugin.version>
+        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-client/pom.xml

@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
             <artifactId>cxf-rt-rs-sse</artifactId>
             <version>${cxf-version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.ws.rs</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-ws.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -55,7 +60,8 @@
     </build>
 
     <properties>
-        <cxf-version>3.2.0</cxf-version>
+        <cxf-version>4.0.0</cxf-version>
+        <jakarta-ws.version>3.1.0</jakarta-ws.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-client/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sse/jaxrs/client/SseClientApp.java

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package com.baeldung.sse.jaxrs.client;
 
-import javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
-import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
-import javax.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.InboundSseEvent;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.SseEventSource;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.client.Client;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.InboundSseEvent;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.SseEventSource;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 public class SseClientApp {

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-client/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sse/jaxrs/client/SseClientBroadcastApp.java

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package com.baeldung.sse.jaxrs.client;
 
-import javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
-import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
-import javax.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.InboundSseEvent;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.SseEventSource;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.client.Client;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.InboundSseEvent;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.SseEventSource;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-server/pom.xml

@@ -15,16 +15,14 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
-            <artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${rs-api.version}</version>
-            <scope>provided</scope>
+            <groupId>jakarta.ws.rs</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-ws.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.enterprise</groupId>
-            <artifactId>cdi-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${cdi-api.version}</version>
-            <scope>provided</scope>
+            <groupId>jakarta.enterprise</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.enterprise.cdi-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${jakarta-cdi-api}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javax.json.bind</groupId>
@@ -37,6 +35,11 @@
     <build>
         <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
         <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-war-plugin.version}</version>
+            </plugin>
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>net.wasdev.wlp.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>liberty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -78,9 +81,10 @@
         <liberty-maven-plugin.version>2.4.2</liberty-maven-plugin.version>
         <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
         <openliberty-version>18.0.0.2</openliberty-version>
-        <rs-api.version>2.1</rs-api.version>
-        <cdi-api.version>2.0</cdi-api.version>
+        <jakarta-ws.version>3.1.0</jakarta-ws.version>
+        <jakarta-cdi-api>4.0.1</jakarta-cdi-api>
         <bind-api.version>1.0</bind-api.version>
+        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-server/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sse/jaxrs/AppConfig.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.sse.jaxrs;
 
-import javax.ws.rs.ApplicationPath;
-import javax.ws.rs.core.Application;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.ApplicationPath;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Application;
 
 @ApplicationPath("sse")
 public class AppConfig extends Application {

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-server/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sse/jaxrs/SseResource.java

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 package com.baeldung.sse.jaxrs;
 
-import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-import javax.ws.rs.*;
-import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
-import javax.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders;
-import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.OutboundSseEvent;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.Sse;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.SseBroadcaster;
-import javax.ws.rs.sse.SseEventSink;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.*;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.OutboundSseEvent;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.Sse;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.SseBroadcaster;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.sse.SseEventSink;
 
 @ApplicationScoped
 @Path("stock")

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/sse-jaxrs-server/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sse/jaxrs/StockService.java

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.baeldung.sse.jaxrs;
 
-import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
-import javax.enterprise.context.Initialized;
-import javax.enterprise.event.Event;
-import javax.enterprise.event.Observes;
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-import javax.inject.Named;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.Initialized;
+import jakarta.enterprise.event.Event;
+import jakarta.enterprise.event.Observes;
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+import jakarta.inject.Named;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.RoundingMode;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;

apache-httpclient-2/README.md

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ The "REST With Spring" Classes: http://bit.ly/restwithspring
 - [Reading an HTTP Response Body as a String in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-http-response-body-as-string)
 - [How To Get Cookies From the Apache HttpClient Response](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-httpclient-cookies)
 - [Enabling Logging for Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-enable-logging)
-- [Expand Shortened URLs with Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-expand-url)
 - [Apache HttpClient vs. CloseableHttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-vs-closeablehttpclient)
+- [Expand Shortened URLs with Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-expand-url)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../apache-httpclient)

apache-httpclient-2/pom.xml

@@ -21,17 +21,6 @@
             <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <!-- http client -->
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
-            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
-            <version>${httpclient.version}</version>
-            <exclusions>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
-                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
-        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.client5</groupId>
             <artifactId>httpclient5</artifactId>
@@ -97,8 +86,7 @@
     <properties>
         <assertj.version>3.22.0</assertj.version>
         <mockserver.version>5.11.2</mockserver.version>
-        <httpclient.version>4.5.8</httpclient.version>
-        <httpclient5.version>5.2</httpclient5.version>
+        <httpclient5.version>5.2.1</httpclient5.version>
         <maven.compiler.source.version>11</maven.compiler.source.version>
         <maven.compiler.target.version>11</maven.compiler.target.version>
         <spring-boot.version>2.1.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>

apache-httpclient-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/cookies/HttpClientGettingCookieValueUnitTest.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 class HttpClientGettingCookieValueUnitTest {
     private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientGettingCookieValueUnitTest.class);
 
-    private static final String SAMPLE_URL = "http://www.baeldung.com/";
+    private static final String SAMPLE_URL = "http://www.github.com/";
 
     @Test
     void whenSettingCustomCookieOnTheRequest_thenGettingTheSameCookieFromTheResponse() throws IOException {

apache-httpclient-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/expandUrl/HttpClientExpandUrlLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.expandUrl;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.ImmutablePair;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpHead;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
+
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.Header;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class HttpClientExpandUrlLiveTest {
+
+    private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .disableRedirectHandling()
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void tearDown() throws IOException {
+        if (httpClient != null) {
+            httpClient.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenShortenedOnce_whenUrlIsExpanded_thenCorrectResult() throws IOException {
+        final String expectedResult = "https://www.baeldung.com/rest-versioning";
+        final String actualResult = expandSingleLevel("http://bit.ly/3LScTri");
+        assertThat(actualResult, equalTo(expectedResult));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenShortenedMultiple_whenUrlIsExpanded_thenCorrectResult() throws IOException {
+        final String expectedResult = "https://www.baeldung.com/rest-versioning";
+        final String actualResult = expand("http://t.co/e4rDDbnzmk");
+        assertThat(actualResult, equalTo(expectedResult));
+    }
+
+    private String expand(final String urlArg) throws IOException {
+        String originalUrl = urlArg;
+        String newUrl = expandSingleLevel(originalUrl);
+        while (!originalUrl.equals(newUrl)) {
+            originalUrl = newUrl;
+            newUrl = expandSingleLevel(originalUrl);
+        }
+
+        return newUrl;
+    }
+
+    final String expandSafe(final String urlArg) throws IOException {
+        String originalUrl = urlArg;
+        String newUrl = expandSingleLevelSafe(originalUrl).getRight();
+        final List<String> alreadyVisited = Lists.newArrayList(originalUrl, newUrl);
+        while (!originalUrl.equals(newUrl)) {
+            originalUrl = newUrl;
+            final Pair<Integer, String> statusAndUrl = expandSingleLevelSafe(originalUrl);
+            newUrl = statusAndUrl.getRight();
+            final boolean isRedirect = statusAndUrl.getLeft() == 301 || statusAndUrl.getLeft() == 302;
+            if (isRedirect && alreadyVisited.contains(newUrl)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Likely a redirect loop");
+            }
+            alreadyVisited.add(newUrl);
+        }
+
+        return newUrl;
+    }
+
+    private Pair<Integer, String> expandSingleLevelSafe(final String url) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            HttpHead request = new HttpHead(url);
+            Pair<Integer, String> resp = httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+                final int statusCode = response.getCode();
+                if (statusCode != 301 && statusCode != 302) {
+                    return new ImmutablePair<>(statusCode, url);
+                }
+                final Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.LOCATION);
+                Preconditions.checkState(headers.length == 1);
+                final String newUrl = headers[0].getValue();
+
+                return new ImmutablePair<>(statusCode, newUrl);
+            });
+            return resp;
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException uriEx) {
+            return new ImmutablePair<>(500, url);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String expandSingleLevel(final String url) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            HttpHead request = new HttpHead(url);
+            String expandedUrl = httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+                final int statusCode = response.getCode();
+                if (statusCode != 301 && statusCode != 302) {
+                    return url;
+                }
+                final Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.LOCATION);
+                Preconditions.checkState(headers.length == 1);
+
+                return headers[0].getValue();
+            });
+            return expandedUrl;
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException uriEx) {
+            return url;
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/ApacheHttpClientUnitTest.java

@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.HttpClient;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClientBuilder;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
 import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpResponse;
 import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-
 class ApacheHttpClientUnitTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
     @Test
     void givenDeveloperUsedHttpClient_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenStatusIsOkButSonarReportsAnIssue() throws IOException {
         HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
         HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
-        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
-        assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
+        httpClient.execute(httpGet, response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
+                return response;
+        });
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenDeveloperUsedCloseableHttpClient_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenStatusIsOk() throws IOException {
         try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
             HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
-            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
-            assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
+            httpClient.execute(httpGet, response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
+                return response;
+            });
         }
     }
 
@@ -39,20 +41,10 @@ class ApacheHttpClientUnitTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
     void givenDeveloperUsedHttpClientBuilder_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenStatusIsOk() throws IOException {
         try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {
             HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
-            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
-            assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void givenDeveloperUsedCloseableHttpResponse_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenStatusIsOk() throws IOException {
-        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {
-            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
-            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet)) {
-                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
-                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
+            httpClient.execute(httpGet, response -> {
                 assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
-            }
+                return response;
+            });
         }
     }
 
@@ -60,18 +52,20 @@ class ApacheHttpClientUnitTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
     void givenDeveloperUsedSingleClient_whenExecutingTwoGetRequest_thenStatusIsOk() throws IOException {
         try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {
             HttpGet httpGetOne = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
-            try (CloseableHttpResponse responseOne = httpClient.execute(httpGetOne)) {
+            httpClient.execute(httpGetOne, responseOne -> {
                 HttpEntity entityOne = responseOne.getEntity();
                 EntityUtils.consume(entityOne);
                 assertThat(responseOne.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
-            }
+                return responseOne;
+            });
 
             HttpGet httpGetTwo = new HttpGet(serviceTwoUrl);
-            try (CloseableHttpResponse responseTwo = httpClient.execute(httpGetTwo)) {
-                HttpEntity entityTwo = responseTwo.getEntity();
+            httpClient.execute(httpGetTwo, responseTwo -> {
+                HttpEntity entityTwo = httpGetTwo.getEntity();
                 EntityUtils.consume(entityTwo);
                 assertThat(responseTwo.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
-            }
+                return responseTwo;
+            });
         }
     }
 

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientCancelRequestLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class HttpClientCancelRequestLiveTest {
+
+    private static final String SAMPLE_URL = "http://www.github.com";
+
+    @Test
+    void whenRequestIsCanceled_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_URL);
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
+                httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
+
+                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
+                System.out.println(response.getCode());
+                if (entity != null) {
+                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
+                }
+                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
+                // Do not feel like reading the response body
+                // Call abort on the request object
+                request.abort();
+
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
+                return response;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/base/HttpClientLiveTest.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient.base;
 
 import com.baeldung.httpclient.ResponseUtil;
+
 import org.apache.http.Header;
-import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
 import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
 import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
 import org.apache.http.impl.conn.BasicHttpClientConnectionManager;
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -73,30 +72,4 @@ public class HttpClientLiveTest {
         assertThat(headers, not(emptyArray()));
     }
 
-    // tests - cancel request
-
-    @Test
-    public final void whenRequestIsCanceled_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        instance = HttpClients.custom().build();
-        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_URL);
-        response = instance.execute(request);
-
-        try {
-            final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
-
-            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
-            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
-            if (entity != null) {
-                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
-            }
-            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
-
-            // Do not feel like reading the response body
-            // Call abort on the request object
-            request.abort();
-        } finally {
-            response.close();
-        }
-    }
-
 }

apache-httpclient4/README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
-## Apache HttpClient
+## Apache HttpClient 4
 
 This module contains articles about Apache HttpClient 4.5
 
 ### Relevant Articles
 
+- [Apache HttpClient – Cancel Request](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-cancel-request)
 - [Apache HttpClient with SSL](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-ssl)
 - [Apache HttpClient Timeout](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-timeout)
 - [Custom HTTP Header with the Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-custom-http-header)
+- [Apache HttpClient vs. CloseableHttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-vs-closeablehttpclient)
+- [Expand Shortened URLs with Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-expand-url)
+- [Retrying Requests using Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/java-retrying-requests-using-apache-httpclient)
 
 ### Running the Tests
 To run the live tests, use the command: mvn clean install -Plive

apache-httpclient4/pom.xml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>httpclient4</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>apache-httpclient4</artifactId>
     <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>httpclient4</name>
+    <name>apache-httpclient4</name>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
 
     <parent>
@@ -152,6 +152,11 @@
                 </exclusion>
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.mock-server</groupId>
+            <artifactId>mockserver-netty</artifactId>
+            <version>${mockserver.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
             <artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
@@ -284,8 +289,10 @@
         <wiremock.version>2.5.1</wiremock.version>
         <httpcore.version>4.4.16</httpcore.version>
         <httpclient.version>4.5.14</httpclient.version>
+        <mockserver.version>5.11.2</mockserver.version>
         <!-- maven plugins -->
         <cargo-maven2-plugin.version>1.6.1</cargo-maven2-plugin.version>
+        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientCancelRequestV4LiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class HttpClientCancelRequestV4LiveTest {
+
+    private static final String SAMPLE_URL = "http://www.github.com";
+
+    private CloseableHttpClient instance;
+
+    private CloseableHttpResponse response;
+
+    @Before
+    public final void before() {
+        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void after() throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
+        ResponseUtil.closeResponse(response);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public final void whenRequestIsCanceled_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        instance = HttpClients.custom().build();
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_URL);
+        response = instance.execute(request);
+
+        try {
+            final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
+
+            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
+            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
+            if (entity != null) {
+                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
+            }
+            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
+
+            // Do not feel like reading the response body
+            // Call abort on the request object
+            request.abort();
+        } finally {
+            response.close();
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/ApacheHttpClientUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class ApacheHttpClientUnitTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
+
+
+    @Test
+    void givenDeveloperUsedCloseableHttpResponse_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenStatusIsOk() throws IOException {
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {
+            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
+            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet)) {
+                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
+                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
+                assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/GetRequestMockServer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.mockserver.client.MockServerClient;
+import org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+
+import static org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer.startClientAndServer;
+import static org.mockserver.matchers.Times.exactly;
+import static org.mockserver.model.HttpRequest.request;
+import static org.mockserver.model.HttpResponse.response;
+
+public class GetRequestMockServer {
+
+    public static ClientAndServer mockServer;
+    public static String serviceOneUrl;
+    public static String serviceTwoUrl;
+
+    private static int serverPort;
+
+    public static final String SERVER_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
+    public static final String PATH_ONE = "/test1";
+    public static final String PATH_TWO = "/test2";
+    public static final String METHOD = "GET";
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void startServer() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+        serverPort = getFreePort();
+        serviceOneUrl = "http://" + SERVER_ADDRESS + ":" + serverPort + PATH_ONE;
+        serviceTwoUrl = "http://" + SERVER_ADDRESS + ":" + serverPort + PATH_TWO;
+        mockServer = startClientAndServer(serverPort);
+        mockGetRequest();
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void stopServer() {
+        mockServer.stop();
+    }
+
+    private static void mockGetRequest() {
+        new MockServerClient(SERVER_ADDRESS, serverPort)
+          .when(
+            request()
+              .withPath(PATH_ONE)
+              .withMethod(METHOD),
+            exactly(5)
+          )
+          .respond(
+            response()
+              .withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
+              .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
+          );
+        new MockServerClient(SERVER_ADDRESS, serverPort)
+          .when(
+            request()
+              .withPath(PATH_TWO)
+              .withMethod(METHOD),
+            exactly(1)
+          )
+          .respond(
+            response()
+              .withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
+              .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
+          );
+    }
+
+    private static int getFreePort () throws IOException {
+        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0)) {
+            return serverSocket.getLocalPort();
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/readresponsebodystring/ApacheHttpClientUnitTest.java

@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ public class ApacheHttpClientUnitTest {
             logger.debug("Response -> {}",  EntityUtils.toString(entity));
         }
     }
-}
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/retry/ApacheHttpClientRetryLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.retry;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpRequestInterceptor;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponseInterceptor;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPatch;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
+import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ApacheHttpClientRetryLiveTest {
+
+    private Integer requestCounter;
+    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        requestCounter = 0;
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() throws IOException {
+        if (httpClient != null) {
+            httpClient.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void createDefaultApacheHttpClient() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClientBuilder
+          .create()
+          .addInterceptorFirst((HttpRequestInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> {
+              requestCounter++;
+          }).build();
+    }
+
+    private void createFailingHttpClient() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClientBuilder
+          .create()
+          .addInterceptorFirst((HttpRequestInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> requestCounter++)
+          .addInterceptorLast((HttpResponseInterceptor) (httpResponse, httpContext) -> {
+              throw new IOException();
+          })
+          .build();
+    }
+
+    private void createHttpClientWithRetryHandler() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClientBuilder
+          .create()
+          .addInterceptorFirst((HttpRequestInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> requestCounter++)
+          .addInterceptorLast((HttpResponseInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> { throw new IOException(); })
+          .setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(6, true))
+          .build();
+    }
+
+    private void createHttpClientWithCustomRetryHandler() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClientBuilder
+          .create()
+          .addInterceptorFirst((HttpRequestInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> requestCounter++)
+          .addInterceptorLast((HttpResponseInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> { throw new IOException(); })
+          .setRetryHandler((exception, executionCount, context) -> {
+              if (executionCount < 5 && Objects.equals("GET", ((HttpClientContext) context).getRequest().getRequestLine().getMethod())) {
+                  return true;
+              } else {
+                  return false;
+              }
+          })
+          .build();
+    }
+
+    private void createHttpClientWithRetriesDisabled() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClientBuilder
+          .create()
+          .addInterceptorFirst((HttpRequestInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> requestCounter++)
+          .addInterceptorLast((HttpResponseInterceptor) (httpRequest, httpContext) -> { throw new IOException(); })
+          .disableAutomaticRetries()
+          .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDefaultConfiguration_whenReceivedIOException_thenRetriesPerformed() {
+        createFailingHttpClient();
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(new HttpGet("https://httpstat.us/200")));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(4);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDefaultConfiguration_whenDomainNameNotResolved_thenNoRetryApplied() {
+        createDefaultApacheHttpClient();
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URI.create("http://domain.that.does.not.exist:80/api/v1"));
+
+        assertThrows(UnknownHostException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDefaultConfiguration_whenGotInternalServerError_thenNoRetryLogicApplied() throws IOException {
+        createDefaultApacheHttpClient();
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URI.create("https://httpstat.us/500"));
+
+        CloseableHttpResponse response = assertDoesNotThrow(() -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(500);
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(1);
+        response.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDefaultConfiguration_whenHttpPatchRequest_thenRetryIsNotApplied() {
+        createFailingHttpClient();
+        HttpPatch request = new HttpPatch(URI.create("https://httpstat.us/500"));
+
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDefaultConfiguration_whenHttpPutRequest_thenRetryIsNotApplied() {
+        createFailingHttpClient();
+        HttpPut request = new HttpPut(URI.create("https://httpstat.us/500"));
+
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenConfiguredRetryHandler_whenHttpPostRequest_thenRetriesPerformed() {
+        createHttpClientWithRetryHandler();
+
+        HttpPost request = new HttpPost(URI.create("https://httpstat.us/200"));
+
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(7);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenCustomRetryHandler_whenUnknownHostException_thenRetryAnyway() {
+        createHttpClientWithCustomRetryHandler();
+
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URI.create("https://domain.that.does.not.exist/200"));
+
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDisabledRetries_whenExecutedHttpRequestEndUpWithIOException_thenRetryIsNotApplied() {
+        createHttpClientWithRetriesDisabled();
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URI.create("https://httpstat.us/200"));
+
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> httpClient.execute(request));
+        assertThat(requestCounter).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+}

apache-kafka-2/README.md

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ You can build the project from the command line using: *mvn clean install*, or i
 
 ### Relevant Articles:
 - [Guide to Check if Apache Kafka Server Is Running](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-kafka-check-server-is-running)
+- [Add Custom Headers to a Kafka Message](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-custom-headers)

apache-kafka-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/kafka/headers/KafkaMessageHeaders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.headers;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Header;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Headers;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class KafkaMessageHeaders {
+
+    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaMessageHeaders.class);
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message";
+    private static String MESSAGE_VALUE = "Hello World";
+    private static String HEADER_KEY = "website";
+    private static String HEADER_VALUE = "baeldung.com";
+
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        setup();
+
+        publishMessageWithCustomHeaders();
+
+        consumeMessageWithCustomHeaders();
+    }
+
+    private static void consumeMessageWithCustomHeaders() {
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info(record.key());
+            logger.info(record.value());
+
+            Headers headers = record.headers();
+            for (Header header : headers) {
+                logger.info(header.key());
+                logger.info(new String(header.value()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void publishMessageWithCustomHeaders() {
+        List<Header> headers = new ArrayList<>();
+        headers.add(new RecordHeader(HEADER_KEY, HEADER_VALUE.getBytes()));
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> record1 = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, null, MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE, headers);
+        producer.send(record1);
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> record2 = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, null, System.currentTimeMillis(), MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE, headers);
+        producer.send(record2);
+    }
+
+    private static void setup() {
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "ConsumerGroup1");
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+    }
+
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/headers/KafkaMessageHeadersLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.headers;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.RecordMetadata;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Header;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Headers;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+
+// This live test needs a Docker Daemon running so that a kafka container can be created
+
+@Testcontainers
+public class KafkaMessageHeadersLiveTest {
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message";
+    private static String MESSAGE_VALUE = "Hello World";
+    private static String HEADER_KEY = "website";
+    private static String HEADER_VALUE = "baeldung.com";
+
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    @Container
+    private static final KafkaContainer KAFKA_CONTAINER = new KafkaContainer(DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest"));
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.addExposedPort(9092);
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "ConsumerGroup1");
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void destroy() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAMessageWithCustomHeaders_whenPublishedToKafkaAndConsumed_thenCheckForCustomHeaders() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        List<Header> headers = new ArrayList<>();
+        headers.add(new RecordHeader(HEADER_KEY, HEADER_VALUE.getBytes()));
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> record1 = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, null, MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE, headers);
+        Future<RecordMetadata> future = producer.send(record1);
+
+        RecordMetadata metadata = future.get();
+
+        assertNotNull(metadata);
+
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_KEY, record.key());
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_VALUE, record.value());
+
+            Headers consumedHeaders = record.headers();
+            assertNotNull(consumedHeaders);
+
+            for (Header header : consumedHeaders) {
+                assertEquals(HEADER_KEY, header.key());
+                assertEquals(HEADER_VALUE, new String(header.value()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-kafka/pom.xml

@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
-            <artifactId>flink-connector-kafka-0.11_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>flink-connector-kafka</artifactId>
             <version>${flink.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
-            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java</artifactId>
             <version>${flink.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
-            <artifactId>flink-test-utils_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>flink-test-utils</artifactId>
             <version>${flink.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
@@ -163,11 +163,28 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <argLine>
+                        --add-opens java.base/java.time=ALL-UNNAMED
+                        --add-opens
+                        java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED
+                        --add-opens java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
+                    </argLine>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
     <properties>
-        <kafka.version>2.8.0</kafka.version>
+        <kafka.version>3.4.0</kafka.version>
         <testcontainers-kafka.version>1.15.3</testcontainers-kafka.version>
         <testcontainers-jupiter.version>1.15.3</testcontainers-jupiter.version>
-        <flink.version>1.5.0</flink.version>
+        <flink.version>1.16.1</flink.version>
         <awaitility.version>3.0.0</awaitility.version>
         <org.apache.spark.spark-core.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-core.version>
         <graphframes.version>0.8.1-spark3.0-s_2.12</graphframes.version>

apache-kafka/src/main/java/com/baeldung/flink/FlinkDataPipeline.java

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.TimeCharacteristic;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.time.Time;
-import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer011;
-import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer011;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer;
 
 import static com.baeldung.flink.connector.Consumers.*;
 import static com.baeldung.flink.connector.Producers.*;
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ public class FlinkDataPipeline {
 
         StreamExecutionEnvironment environment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
 
-        FlinkKafkaConsumer011<String> flinkKafkaConsumer = createStringConsumerForTopic(inputTopic, address, consumerGroup);
+        FlinkKafkaConsumer<String> flinkKafkaConsumer = createStringConsumerForTopic(inputTopic, address, consumerGroup);
         flinkKafkaConsumer.setStartFromEarliest();
 
         DataStream<String> stringInputStream = environment.addSource(flinkKafkaConsumer);
 
-        FlinkKafkaProducer011<String> flinkKafkaProducer = createStringProducer(outputTopic, address);
+        FlinkKafkaProducer<String> flinkKafkaProducer = createStringProducer(outputTopic, address);
 
         stringInputStream.map(new WordsCapitalizer())
             .addSink(flinkKafkaProducer);
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ public class FlinkDataPipeline {
 
         environment.setStreamTimeCharacteristic(TimeCharacteristic.EventTime);
 
-        FlinkKafkaConsumer011<InputMessage> flinkKafkaConsumer = createInputMessageConsumer(inputTopic, kafkaAddress, consumerGroup);
+        FlinkKafkaConsumer<InputMessage> flinkKafkaConsumer = createInputMessageConsumer(inputTopic, kafkaAddress, consumerGroup);
         flinkKafkaConsumer.setStartFromEarliest();
 
         flinkKafkaConsumer.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(new InputMessageTimestampAssigner());
-        FlinkKafkaProducer011<Backup> flinkKafkaProducer = createBackupProducer(outputTopic, kafkaAddress);
+        FlinkKafkaProducer<Backup> flinkKafkaProducer = createBackupProducer(outputTopic, kafkaAddress);
 
         DataStream<InputMessage> inputMessagesStream = environment.addSource(flinkKafkaConsumer);
 

apache-kafka/src/main/java/com/baeldung/flink/connector/Consumers.java

@@ -3,26 +3,26 @@ package com.baeldung.flink.connector;
 import com.baeldung.flink.model.InputMessage;
 import com.baeldung.flink.schema.InputMessageDeserializationSchema;
 import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
-import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer011;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer;
 
 import java.util.Properties;
 
 public class Consumers {
 
-    public static FlinkKafkaConsumer011<String> createStringConsumerForTopic(String topic, String kafkaAddress, String kafkaGroup) {
+    public static FlinkKafkaConsumer<String> createStringConsumerForTopic(String topic, String kafkaAddress, String kafkaGroup) {
         Properties props = new Properties();
         props.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", kafkaAddress);
         props.setProperty("group.id", kafkaGroup);
-        FlinkKafkaConsumer011<String> consumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer011<>(topic, new SimpleStringSchema(), props);
+        FlinkKafkaConsumer<String> consumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer<>(topic, new SimpleStringSchema(), props);
 
         return consumer;
     }
 
-    public static FlinkKafkaConsumer011<InputMessage> createInputMessageConsumer(String topic, String kafkaAddress, String kafkaGroup) {
+    public static FlinkKafkaConsumer<InputMessage> createInputMessageConsumer(String topic, String kafkaAddress, String kafkaGroup) {
         Properties properties = new Properties();
         properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", kafkaAddress);
         properties.setProperty("group.id", kafkaGroup);
-        FlinkKafkaConsumer011<InputMessage> consumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer011<InputMessage>(topic, new InputMessageDeserializationSchema(), properties);
+        FlinkKafkaConsumer<InputMessage> consumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer<InputMessage>(topic, new InputMessageDeserializationSchema(), properties);
 
         return consumer;
     }

apache-kafka/src/main/java/com/baeldung/flink/connector/Producers.java

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ package com.baeldung.flink.connector;
 import com.baeldung.flink.model.Backup;
 import com.baeldung.flink.schema.BackupSerializationSchema;
 import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
-import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer011;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer;
 
 public class Producers {
 
-    public static FlinkKafkaProducer011<String> createStringProducer(String topic, String kafkaAddress) {
-        return new FlinkKafkaProducer011<>(kafkaAddress, topic, new SimpleStringSchema());
+    public static FlinkKafkaProducer<String> createStringProducer(String topic, String kafkaAddress) {
+        return new FlinkKafkaProducer<>(kafkaAddress, topic, new SimpleStringSchema());
     }
 
-    public static FlinkKafkaProducer011<Backup> createBackupProducer(String topic, String kafkaAddress) {
-        return new FlinkKafkaProducer011<Backup>(kafkaAddress, topic, new BackupSerializationSchema());
+    public static FlinkKafkaProducer<Backup> createBackupProducer(String topic, String kafkaAddress) {
+        return new FlinkKafkaProducer<Backup>(kafkaAddress, topic, new BackupSerializationSchema());
     }
 }

apache-libraries/pom.xml

@@ -188,13 +188,13 @@
     <properties>
         <avro.version>1.8.2</avro.version>
         <beam.version>2.45.0</beam.version>
-        <bval.version>1.1.2</bval.version>
-        <javax.validation.validation-api.version>1.1.0.Final</javax.validation.validation-api.version>
-        <meecrowave-junit.version>1.2.0</meecrowave-junit.version>
+        <bval.version>2.0.6</bval.version>
+        <javax.validation.validation-api.version>2.0.1.Final</javax.validation.validation-api.version>
+        <meecrowave-junit.version>1.2.15</meecrowave-junit.version>
         <okhttp.version>3.10.0</okhttp.version>
-        <meecrowave-jpa.version>1.2.1</meecrowave-jpa.version>
-        <meecrowave-core.version>1.2.1</meecrowave-core.version>
-        <meecrowave-maven-plugin.version>1.2.1</meecrowave-maven-plugin.version>
+        <meecrowave-jpa.version>1.2.15</meecrowave-jpa.version>
+        <meecrowave-core.version>1.2.15</meecrowave-core.version>
+        <meecrowave-maven-plugin.version>1.2.15</meecrowave-maven-plugin.version>
         <opennlp.opennlp-tools.version>1.8.4</opennlp.opennlp-tools.version>
         <pulsar-client.version>2.1.1-incubating</pulsar-client.version>
         <zookeeper.version>3.4.11</zookeeper.version>

apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/apache/beam/intro/WordCountIntegrationTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 import com.baeldung.apache.beam.intro.WordCount;
 
-public class WordCountUnitTest {
+public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
     
     @Test
     public void givenInputFile_whenWordCountRuns_thenJobFinishWithoutError() {

apache-poi/pom.xml

@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@
                 </exclusion>
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.dhatim</groupId>
+            <artifactId>fastexcel</artifactId>
+            <version>${fastexcel.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.dhatim</groupId>
+            <artifactId>fastexcel-reader</artifactId>
+            <version>${fastexcel.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -52,6 +62,7 @@
     <properties>
         <poi.version>5.2.0</poi.version>
         <jexcel.version>1.0.6</jexcel.version>
+        <fastexcel.version>0.15.3</fastexcel.version>
         <maven.resources.plugin.version>3.2.0</maven.resources.plugin.version>
     </properties>
 

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/fastexcel/FastexcelHelper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.fastexcel;
+
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.Workbook;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.Worksheet;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.Cell;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.ReadableWorkbook;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.Row;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.Sheet;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class FastexcelHelper {
+
+    public Map<Integer, List<String>> readExcel(String fileLocation) throws IOException {
+        Map<Integer, List<String>> data = new HashMap<>();
+
+        try (FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(fileLocation); ReadableWorkbook wb = new ReadableWorkbook(file)) {
+            Sheet sheet = wb.getFirstSheet();
+            try (Stream<Row> rows = sheet.openStream()) {
+                rows.forEach(r -> {
+                    data.put(r.getRowNum(), new ArrayList<>());
+
+                    for (Cell cell : r) {
+                        data.get(r.getRowNum()).add(cell.getRawValue());
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    public void writeExcel() throws IOException {
+        File currDir = new File(".");
+        String path = currDir.getAbsolutePath();
+        String fileLocation = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1) + "fastexcel.xlsx";
+
+        try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(Paths.get(fileLocation)); Workbook wb = new Workbook(os, "MyApplication", "1.0")) {
+            Worksheet ws = wb.newWorksheet("Sheet 1");
+
+            ws.width(0, 25);
+            ws.width(1, 15);
+
+            ws.range(0, 0, 0, 1).style().fontName("Arial").fontSize(16).bold().fillColor("3366FF").set();
+            ws.value(0, 0, "Name");
+            ws.value(0, 1, "Age");
+
+            ws.range(2, 0, 2, 1).style().wrapText(true).set();
+            ws.value(2, 0, "John Smith");
+            ws.value(2, 1, 20L);
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fastexcel/FastexcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.fastexcel;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class FastexcelIntegrationTest {
+
+    private FastexcelHelper fastexcelHelper;
+    private static String FILE_NAME = "fastexcel.xlsx";
+    private String fileLocation;
+
+    @Before
+    public void generateExcelFile() throws IOException {
+
+        File currDir = new File(".");
+        String path = currDir.getAbsolutePath();
+        fileLocation = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1) + FILE_NAME;
+
+        fastexcelHelper = new FastexcelHelper();
+        fastexcelHelper.writeExcel();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenParsingExcelFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        Map<Integer, List<String>> data = fastexcelHelper.readExcel(fileLocation);
+
+        assertEquals("Name", data.get(1).get(0));
+        assertEquals("Age", data.get(1).get(1));
+
+        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(3).get(0));
+        assertEquals("20", data.get(3).get(1));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void cleanup() {
+        File testFile = new File(fileLocation);
+        if (testFile.exists()) {
+            testFile.delete();
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-spark/pom.xml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>apache-spark</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
-    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>

aws-modules/aws-lambda-modules/lambda-function/pom.xml

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>lambda</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>lambda-function</artifactId>
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>lambda</name>
+    <name>lambda-function</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>aws-lambda</artifactId>
+        <artifactId>aws-lambda-modules</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>