merge upstream

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/pom.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>algorithms-miscellaneous-3</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
@@ -18,17 +18,28 @@
             <version>${org.assertj.core.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
-        
+
         <dependency>
-        	<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
-        	<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
-        	<version>${commons-collections4.version}</version>
+            <version>${commons-collections4.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-        
+
         <dependency>
-        	<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
-        	<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
-        	<version>${guava.version}</version>
+            <version>${guava.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
+            <artifactId>retrofit</artifactId>
+            <version>${retrofit.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
+            <artifactId>converter-jackson</artifactId>
+            <version>${retrofit.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
@@ -61,5 +72,6 @@
         <org.assertj.core.version>3.9.0</org.assertj.core.version>
         <commons-collections4.version>4.3</commons-collections4.version>
         <guava.version>28.0-jre</guava.version>
+        <retrofit.version>2.6.0</retrofit.version>
     </properties>
 </project>

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/interpolationsearch/InterpolationSearch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.interpolationsearch;
+
+public class InterpolationSearch {
+
+    public static int interpolationSearch(int[] data, int item) {
+
+        int highEnd = (data.length - 1);
+        int lowEnd = 0;
+
+        while (item >= data[lowEnd] && item <= data[highEnd] && lowEnd <= highEnd) {
+
+            int probe = lowEnd + (highEnd - lowEnd) * (item - data[lowEnd]) / (data[highEnd] - data[lowEnd]);
+
+            if (highEnd == lowEnd) {
+                if (data[lowEnd] == item) {
+                    return lowEnd;
+                } else {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (data[probe] == item) {
+                return probe;
+            }
+
+            if (data[probe] < item) {
+                lowEnd = probe + 1;
+            } else {
+                highEnd = probe - 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/Centroid.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates all coordinates for a particular cluster centroid.
+ */
+public class Centroid {
+
+    /**
+     * The centroid coordinates.
+     */
+    private final Map<String, Double> coordinates;
+
+    public Centroid(Map<String, Double> coordinates) {
+        this.coordinates = coordinates;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Double> getCoordinates() {
+        return coordinates;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Centroid centroid = (Centroid) o;
+        return Objects.equals(getCoordinates(), centroid.getCoordinates());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(getCoordinates());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Centroid " + coordinates;
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/Distance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Defines a contract to calculate distance between two feature vectors. The less the
+ * calculated distance, the more two items are similar to each other.
+ */
+public interface Distance {
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the distance between two feature vectors.
+     *
+     * @param f1 The first set of features.
+     * @param f2 The second set of features.
+     * @return Calculated distance.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the given feature vectors are invalid.
+     */
+    double calculate(Map<String, Double> f1, Map<String, Double> f2);
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/Errors.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates methods to calculates errors between centroid and the cluster members.
+ */
+public class Errors {
+
+    public static double sse(Map<Centroid, List<Record>> clustered, Distance distance) {
+        double sum = 0;
+        for (Map.Entry<Centroid, List<Record>> entry : clustered.entrySet()) {
+            Centroid centroid = entry.getKey();
+            for (Record record : entry.getValue()) {
+                double d = distance.calculate(centroid.getCoordinates(), record.getFeatures());
+                sum += Math.pow(d, 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sum;
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/EuclideanDistance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the distance between two items using the Euclidean formula.
+ */
+public class EuclideanDistance implements Distance {
+
+    @Override
+    public double calculate(Map<String, Double> f1, Map<String, Double> f2) {
+        if (f1 == null || f2 == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Feature vectors can't be null");
+        }
+
+        double sum = 0;
+        for (String key : f1.keySet()) {
+            Double v1 = f1.get(key);
+            Double v2 = f2.get(key);
+
+            if (v1 != null && v2 != null) sum += Math.pow(v1 - v2, 2);
+        }
+
+        return Math.sqrt(sum);
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/KMeans.java

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates an implementation of KMeans clustering algorithm.
+ *
+ * @author Ali Dehghani
+ */
+public class KMeans {
+
+    private KMeans() {
+        throw new IllegalAccessError("You shouldn't call this constructor");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Will be used to generate random numbers.
+     */
+    private static final Random random = new Random();
+
+    /**
+     * Performs the K-Means clustering algorithm on the given dataset.
+     *
+     * @param records       The dataset.
+     * @param k             Number of Clusters.
+     * @param distance      To calculate the distance between two items.
+     * @param maxIterations Upper bound for the number of iterations.
+     * @return K clusters along with their features.
+     */
+    public static Map<Centroid, List<Record>> fit(List<Record> records, int k, Distance distance, int maxIterations) {
+        applyPreconditions(records, k, distance, maxIterations);
+
+        List<Centroid> centroids = randomCentroids(records, k);
+        Map<Centroid, List<Record>> clusters = new HashMap<>();
+        Map<Centroid, List<Record>> lastState = new HashMap<>();
+
+        // iterate for a pre-defined number of times
+        for (int i = 0; i < maxIterations; i++) {
+            boolean isLastIteration = i == maxIterations - 1;
+
+            // in each iteration we should find the nearest centroid for each record
+            for (Record record : records) {
+                Centroid centroid = nearestCentroid(record, centroids, distance);
+                assignToCluster(clusters, record, centroid);
+            }
+
+            // if the assignment does not change, then the algorithm terminates
+            boolean shouldTerminate = isLastIteration || clusters.equals(lastState);
+            lastState = clusters;
+            if (shouldTerminate) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // at the end of each iteration we should relocate the centroids
+            centroids = relocateCentroids(clusters);
+            clusters = new HashMap<>();
+        }
+
+        return lastState;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Move all cluster centroids to the average of all assigned features.
+     *
+     * @param clusters The current cluster configuration.
+     * @return Collection of new and relocated centroids.
+     */
+    private static List<Centroid> relocateCentroids(Map<Centroid, List<Record>> clusters) {
+        return clusters
+          .entrySet()
+          .stream()
+          .map(e -> average(e.getKey(), e.getValue()))
+          .collect(toList());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Moves the given centroid to the average position of all assigned features. If
+     * the centroid has no feature in its cluster, then there would be no need for a
+     * relocation. Otherwise, for each entry we calculate the average of all records
+     * first by summing all the entries and then dividing the final summation value by
+     * the number of records.
+     *
+     * @param centroid The centroid to move.
+     * @param records  The assigned features.
+     * @return The moved centroid.
+     */
+    private static Centroid average(Centroid centroid, List<Record> records) {
+        // if this cluster is empty, then we shouldn't move the centroid
+        if (records == null || records.isEmpty()) {
+            return centroid;
+        }
+
+        // Since some records don't have all possible attributes, we initialize
+        // average coordinates equal to current centroid coordinates
+        Map<String, Double> average = centroid.getCoordinates();
+
+        // The average function works correctly if we clear all coordinates corresponding
+        // to present record attributes
+        records
+          .stream()
+          .flatMap(e -> e
+            .getFeatures()
+            .keySet()
+            .stream())
+          .forEach(k -> average.put(k, 0.0));
+
+        for (Record record : records) {
+            record
+              .getFeatures()
+              .forEach((k, v) -> average.compute(k, (k1, currentValue) -> v + currentValue));
+        }
+
+        average.forEach((k, v) -> average.put(k, v / records.size()));
+
+        return new Centroid(average);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns a feature vector to the given centroid. If this is the first assignment for this centroid,
+     * first we should create the list.
+     *
+     * @param clusters The current cluster configuration.
+     * @param record   The feature vector.
+     * @param centroid The centroid.
+     */
+    private static void assignToCluster(Map<Centroid, List<Record>> clusters, Record record, Centroid centroid) {
+        clusters.compute(centroid, (key, list) -> {
+            if (list == null) {
+                list = new ArrayList<>();
+            }
+
+            list.add(record);
+            return list;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * With the help of the given distance calculator, iterates through centroids and finds the
+     * nearest one to the given record.
+     *
+     * @param record    The feature vector to find a centroid for.
+     * @param centroids Collection of all centroids.
+     * @param distance  To calculate the distance between two items.
+     * @return The nearest centroid to the given feature vector.
+     */
+    private static Centroid nearestCentroid(Record record, List<Centroid> centroids, Distance distance) {
+        double minimumDistance = Double.MAX_VALUE;
+        Centroid nearest = null;
+
+        for (Centroid centroid : centroids) {
+            double currentDistance = distance.calculate(record.getFeatures(), centroid.getCoordinates());
+
+            if (currentDistance < minimumDistance) {
+                minimumDistance = currentDistance;
+                nearest = centroid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return nearest;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates k random centroids. Before kicking-off the centroid generation process,
+     * first we calculate the possible value range for each attribute. Then when
+     * we're going to generate the centroids, we generate random coordinates in
+     * the [min, max] range for each attribute.
+     *
+     * @param records The dataset which helps to calculate the [min, max] range for
+     *                each attribute.
+     * @param k       Number of clusters.
+     * @return Collections of randomly generated centroids.
+     */
+    private static List<Centroid> randomCentroids(List<Record> records, int k) {
+        List<Centroid> centroids = new ArrayList<>();
+        Map<String, Double> maxs = new HashMap<>();
+        Map<String, Double> mins = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (Record record : records) {
+            record
+              .getFeatures()
+              .forEach((key, value) -> {
+                  // compares the value with the current max and choose the bigger value between them
+                  maxs.compute(key, (k1, max) -> max == null || value > max ? value : max);
+
+                  // compare the value with the current min and choose the smaller value between them
+                  mins.compute(key, (k1, min) -> min == null || value < min ? value : min);
+              });
+        }
+
+        Set<String> attributes = records
+          .stream()
+          .flatMap(e -> e
+            .getFeatures()
+            .keySet()
+            .stream())
+          .collect(toSet());
+        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+            Map<String, Double> coordinates = new HashMap<>();
+            for (String attribute : attributes) {
+                double max = maxs.get(attribute);
+                double min = mins.get(attribute);
+                coordinates.put(attribute, random.nextDouble() * (max - min) + min);
+            }
+
+            centroids.add(new Centroid(coordinates));
+        }
+
+        return centroids;
+    }
+
+    private static void applyPreconditions(List<Record> records, int k, Distance distance, int maxIterations) {
+        if (records == null || records.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The dataset can't be empty");
+        }
+
+        if (k <= 1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("It doesn't make sense to have less than or equal to 1 cluster");
+        }
+
+        if (distance == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The distance calculator is required");
+        }
+
+        if (maxIterations <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Max iterations should be a positive number");
+        }
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/LastFm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
+import retrofit2.Retrofit;
+import retrofit2.converter.jackson.JacksonConverterFactory;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
+
+public class LastFm {
+
+    private static OkHttpClient okHttp = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
+      .addInterceptor(new LastFmService.Authenticator("put your API key here"))
+      .build();
+
+    private static Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
+      .client(okHttp)
+      .addConverterFactory(JacksonConverterFactory.create())
+      .baseUrl("http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/")
+      .build();
+
+    private static LastFmService lastFm = retrofit.create(LastFmService.class);
+
+    private static ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+        List<String> artists = getTop100Artists();
+        Set<String> tags = getTop100Tags();
+        List<Record> records = datasetWithTaggedArtists(artists, tags);
+
+        Map<Centroid, List<Record>> clusters = KMeans.fit(records, 7, new EuclideanDistance(), 1000);
+        // Print the cluster configuration
+        clusters.forEach((key, value) -> {
+            System.out.println("------------------------------ CLUSTER -----------------------------------");
+
+            System.out.println(sortedCentroid(key));
+            String members = String.join(", ", value
+              .stream()
+              .map(Record::getDescription)
+              .collect(toSet()));
+            System.out.print(members);
+
+            System.out.println();
+            System.out.println();
+        });
+
+        Map<String, Object> json = convertToD3CompatibleMap(clusters);
+        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(json));
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, Object> convertToD3CompatibleMap(Map<Centroid, List<Record>> clusters) {
+        Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<>();
+        json.put("name", "Musicians");
+        List<Map<String, Object>> children = new ArrayList<>();
+        clusters.forEach((key, value) -> {
+            Map<String, Object> child = new HashMap<>();
+            child.put("name", dominantGenre(sortedCentroid(key)));
+            List<Map<String, String>> nested = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Record record : value) {
+                nested.add(Collections.singletonMap("name", record.getDescription()));
+            }
+            child.put("children", nested);
+
+            children.add(child);
+        });
+        json.put("children", children);
+        return json;
+    }
+
+    private static String dominantGenre(Centroid centroid) {
+        return centroid
+          .getCoordinates()
+          .keySet()
+          .stream()
+          .limit(2)
+          .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+    }
+
+    private static Centroid sortedCentroid(Centroid key) {
+        List<Map.Entry<String, Double>> entries = new ArrayList<>(key
+          .getCoordinates()
+          .entrySet());
+        entries.sort((e1, e2) -> e2
+          .getValue()
+          .compareTo(e1.getValue()));
+
+        Map<String, Double> sorted = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Double> entry : entries) {
+            sorted.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+
+        return new Centroid(sorted);
+    }
+
+    private static List<Record> datasetWithTaggedArtists(List<String> artists, Set<String> topTags) throws IOException {
+        List<Record> records = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (String artist : artists) {
+            Map<String, Double> tags = lastFm
+              .topTagsFor(artist)
+              .execute()
+              .body()
+              .all();
+
+            // Only keep popular tags.
+            tags
+              .entrySet()
+              .removeIf(e -> !topTags.contains(e.getKey()));
+
+            records.add(new Record(artist, tags));
+        }
+        return records;
+    }
+
+    private static Set<String> getTop100Tags() throws IOException {
+        return lastFm
+          .topTags()
+          .execute()
+          .body()
+          .all();
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> getTop100Artists() throws IOException {
+        List<String> artists = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
+            artists.addAll(lastFm
+              .topArtists(i)
+              .execute()
+              .body()
+              .all());
+        }
+
+        return artists;
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/LastFmService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
+import okhttp3.HttpUrl;
+import okhttp3.Interceptor;
+import okhttp3.Request;
+import okhttp3.Response;
+import retrofit2.Call;
+import retrofit2.http.GET;
+import retrofit2.http.Query;
+
+import static com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+
+public interface LastFmService {
+
+    @GET("/2.0/?method=chart.gettopartists&format=json&limit=50")
+    Call<Artists> topArtists(@Query("page") int page);
+
+    @GET("/2.0/?method=artist.gettoptags&format=json&limit=20&autocorrect=1")
+    Call<Tags> topTagsFor(@Query("artist") String artist);
+
+    @GET("/2.0/?method=chart.gettoptags&format=json&limit=100")
+    Call<TopTags> topTags();
+
+    /**
+     * HTTP interceptor to intercept all HTTP requests and add the API key to them.
+     */
+    class Authenticator implements Interceptor {
+
+        private final String apiKey;
+
+        Authenticator(String apiKey) {
+            this.apiKey = apiKey;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
+            HttpUrl url = chain
+              .request()
+              .url()
+              .newBuilder()
+              .addQueryParameter("api_key", apiKey)
+              .build();
+            Request request = chain
+              .request()
+              .newBuilder()
+              .url(url)
+              .build();
+
+            return chain.proceed(request);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = ANY)
+    class TopTags {
+
+        private Map<String, Object> tags;
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Set<String> all() {
+            List<Map<String, Object>> topTags = (List<Map<String, Object>>) tags.get("tag");
+            return topTags
+              .stream()
+              .map(e -> ((String) e.get("name")))
+              .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = ANY)
+    class Tags {
+
+        @JsonProperty("toptags") private Map<String, Object> topTags;
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Map<String, Double> all() {
+            try {
+                Map<String, Double> all = new HashMap<>();
+                List<Map<String, Object>> tags = (List<Map<String, Object>>) topTags.get("tag");
+                for (Map<String, Object> tag : tags) {
+                    all.put(((String) tag.get("name")), ((Integer) tag.get("count")).doubleValue());
+                }
+
+                return all;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                return Collections.emptyMap();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = ANY)
+    class Artists {
+
+        private Map<String, Object> artists;
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public List<String> all() {
+            try {
+                List<Map<String, Object>> artists = (List<Map<String, Object>>) this.artists.get("artist");
+                return artists
+                  .stream()
+                  .map(e -> ((String) e.get("name")))
+                  .collect(toList());
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                return Collections.emptyList();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kmeans/Record.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kmeans;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates all feature values for a few attributes. Optionally each record
+ * can be described with the {@link #description} field.
+ */
+public class Record {
+
+    /**
+     * The record description. For example, this can be the artist name for the famous musician
+     * example.
+     */
+    private final String description;
+
+    /**
+     * Encapsulates all attributes and their corresponding values, i.e. features.
+     */
+    private final Map<String, Double> features;
+
+    public Record(String description, Map<String, Double> features) {
+        this.description = description;
+        this.features = features;
+    }
+
+    public Record(Map<String, Double> features) {
+        this("", features);
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Double> getFeatures() {
+        return features;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        String prefix = description == null || description
+          .trim()
+          .isEmpty() ? "Record" : description;
+
+        return prefix + ": " + features;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Record record = (Record) o;
+        return Objects.equals(getDescription(), record.getDescription()) && Objects.equals(getFeatures(), record.getFeatures());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(getDescription(), getFeatures());
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/printtriangles/PrintTriangleExamples.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 
 public class PrintTriangleExamples {
 
-    public static String printARightAngledTriangle(int N) {
+    public static String printARightTriangle(int N) {
         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
         for (int r = 1; r <= N; r++) {
             for (int j = 1; j <= r; j++) {
@@ -29,6 +29,17 @@ public class PrintTriangleExamples {
         return result.toString();
     }
 
+    public static String printAnIsoscelesTriangleUsingStringUtils(int N) {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+
+        for (int r = 1; r <= N; r++) {
+            result.append(StringUtils.repeat(' ', N - r));
+            result.append(StringUtils.repeat('*', 2 * r - 1));
+            result.append(System.lineSeparator());
+        }
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
     public static String printAnIsoscelesTriangleUsingSubstring(int N) {
         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
         String helperString = StringUtils.repeat(' ', N - 1) + StringUtils.repeat('*', N * 2 - 1);
@@ -41,8 +52,9 @@ public class PrintTriangleExamples {
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
-        System.out.println(printARightAngledTriangle(5));
+        System.out.println(printARightTriangle(5));
         System.out.println(printAnIsoscelesTriangle(5));
+        System.out.println(printAnIsoscelesTriangleUsingStringUtils(5));
         System.out.println(printAnIsoscelesTriangleUsingSubstring(5));
     }
 

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/resources/kmeans/lastfm.json

@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Radiohead"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Red Hot Chili Peppers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Coldplay"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Nirvana"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Panic! at the Disco"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Cure"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Linkin Park"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Radiohead"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Red Hot Chili Peppers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Coldplay"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Nirvana"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Panic! at the Disco"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Cure"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Linkin Park"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Muse"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Maroon 5"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Foo Fighters"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Paramore"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Oasis"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Fall Out Boy"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "OneRepublic"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Weezer"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "System of a Down"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The White Stripes"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "rock, alternative"
+    },
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Lil Nas X"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Post Malone"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Drake"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Kanye West"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Kendrick Lamar"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Tyler, the Creator"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Eminem"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Childish Gambino"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Frank Ocean"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lil Nas X"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Post Malone"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Drake"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Kanye West"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Kendrick Lamar"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Tyler, the Creator"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Eminem"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Childish Gambino"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Frank Ocean"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lizzo"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Travi$ Scott"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "A$AP Rocky"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Nicki Minaj"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "xxxtentacion"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "Hip-Hop, rap"
+    },
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Arctic Monkeys"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Imagine Dragons"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Killers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Gorillaz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Black Keys"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Arctic Monkeys"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Imagine Dragons"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Killers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Gorillaz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Black Keys"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Twenty One Pilots"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Ellie Goulding"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Florence + the Machine"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Vampire Weekend"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Smiths"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Strokes"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "MGMT"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Foster the People"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Two Door Cinema Club"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Cage the Elephant"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Arcade Fire"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The 1975"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "indie, alternative"
+    },
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Ed Sheeran"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Tame Impala"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Ed Sheeran"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Tame Impala"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Green Day"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Metallica"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "blink-182"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Bon Iver"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Clash"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "rock, punk rock"
+    },
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Calvin Harris"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Weeknd"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Chainsmokers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Daft Punk"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Marshmello"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "David Guetta"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Calvin Harris"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Weeknd"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Chainsmokers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Daft Punk"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Marshmello"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "David Guetta"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Avicii"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Kygo"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Martin Garrix"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Major Lazer"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Depeche Mode"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "electronic, dance"
+    },
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Queen"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Beatles"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "David Bowie"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Fleetwood Mac"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Pink Floyd"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Rolling Stones"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Led Zeppelin"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Queen"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Beatles"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "David Bowie"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Fleetwood Mac"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Pink Floyd"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "The Rolling Stones"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Led Zeppelin"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Elton John"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "classic rock, rock"
+    },
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "name": "Billie Eilish"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Ariana Grande"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Taylor Swift"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Beyoncé"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Shawn Mendes"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Rihanna"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lana Del Rey"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Katy Perry"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lady Gaga"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Miley Cyrus"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Mark Ronson"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Madonna"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lorde"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Khalid"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Billie Eilish"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Ariana Grande"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Taylor Swift"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Beyoncé"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Shawn Mendes"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Rihanna"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lana Del Rey"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Katy Perry"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lady Gaga"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Miley Cyrus"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Mark Ronson"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Madonna"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Lorde"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Khalid"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Sia"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Sam Smith"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Halsey"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Michael Jackson"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Charli XCX"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Britney Spears"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Dua Lipa"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Jonas Brothers"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Bruno Mars"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Carly Rae Jepsen"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "P!nk"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Adele"
+        }
+      ],
+      "name": "pop, female vocalists"
+    }
+  ],
+  "name": "Musicians"
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/resources/kmeans/radial.html

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<style>
+    .node circle {
+        fill: #fff;
+        stroke: steelblue;
+        stroke-width: 1.5px;
+    }
+
+    .node {
+        font: 10px sans-serif;
+    }
+
+    .link {
+        fill: none;
+        stroke: #ccc;
+        stroke-width: 1.5px;
+    }
+</style>
+<body>
+<script src="http://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
+<script>
+    var diameter = 1100;
+    var tree = d3.layout.tree()
+        .size([360, diameter / 2 - 300])
+        .separation(function (a, b) {
+            return (a.parent == b.parent ? 1 : 2) / a.depth;
+        });
+    var diagonal = d3.svg.diagonal.radial()
+        .projection(function (d) {
+            return [d.y, d.x / 180 * Math.PI];
+        });
+    var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
+        .attr("width", diameter)
+        .attr("height", diameter - 150)
+        .append("g")
+        .attr("transform", "translate(" + diameter / 2 + "," + diameter / 2 + ")");
+    d3.json("lastfm.json", function (error, root) {
+        var nodes = tree.nodes(root),
+            links = tree.links(nodes);
+        var link = svg.selectAll(".link")
+            .data(links)
+            .enter().append("path")
+            .attr("class", "link")
+            .attr("d", diagonal);
+        var node = svg.selectAll(".node")
+            .data(nodes)
+            .enter().append("g")
+            .attr("class", "node")
+            .attr("transform", function (d) {
+                return "rotate(" + (d.x - 90) + ")translate(" + d.y + ")";
+            })
+        node.append("circle")
+            .attr("r", 4.5);
+        node.append("text")
+            .attr("dy", ".31em")
+            .attr("text-anchor", function (d) {
+                return d.x < 180 ? "start" : "end";
+            })
+            .attr("transform", function (d) {
+                return d.x < 180 ? "translate(8)" : "rotate(180)translate(-8)";
+            })
+            .text(function (d) {
+                return d.name;
+            });
+    });
+    d3.select(self.frameElement).style("height", diameter - 150 + "px");
+</script>

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/interpolationsearch/InterpolationSearchUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.interpolationsearch;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class InterpolationSearchUnitTest {
+    
+    private int[] myData;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        myData = new int[]{13,21,34,55,69,73,84,101};
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenSortedArray_whenLookingFor84_thenReturn6() {
+        int pos = InterpolationSearch.interpolationSearch(myData, 84);
+        assertEquals(6, pos);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenSortedArray_whenLookingFor19_thenReturnMinusOne() {
+        int pos = InterpolationSearch.interpolationSearch(myData, 19);
+        assertEquals(-1, pos);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/printtriangles/PrintTriangleExamplesUnitTest.java

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 @RunWith(JUnitParamsRunner.class)
 public class PrintTriangleExamplesUnitTest {
-    
+
-    private static Object[][] rightAngledTriangles() {
+    private static Object[][] rightTriangles() {
-        String expected0 = ""; 
+        String expected0 = "";
         
         String expected2 = "*" + System.lineSeparator() 
                          + "**" + System.lineSeparator();
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ public class PrintTriangleExamplesUnitTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    @Parameters(method = "rightAngledTriangles")
+    @Parameters(method = "rightTriangles")
-    public void whenPrintARightAngledTriangleIsCalled_ThenTheCorrectStringIsReturned(int nrOfRows, String expected) {
+    public void whenPrintARightTriangleIsCalled_ThenTheCorrectStringIsReturned(int nrOfRows, String expected) {
-        String actual = PrintTriangleExamples.printARightAngledTriangle(nrOfRows);
+        String actual = PrintTriangleExamples.printARightTriangle(nrOfRows);
 
         assertEquals(expected, actual);
     }
@@ -81,6 +81,14 @@ public class PrintTriangleExamplesUnitTest {
 
         assertEquals(expected, actual);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    @Parameters(method = "isoscelesTriangles")
+    public void whenPrintAnIsoscelesTriangleUsingStringUtilsIsCalled_ThenTheCorrectStringIsReturned(int nrOfRows, String expected) {
+        String actual = PrintTriangleExamples.printAnIsoscelesTriangleUsingStringUtils(nrOfRows);
+
+        assertEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
     
     @Test
     @Parameters(method = "isoscelesTriangles")

algorithms-sorting/README.md

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 - [Quicksort Algorithm Implementation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-quicksort)
 - [Insertion Sort in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-insertion-sort)
 - [Heap Sort in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-heap-sort)
+- [Shell Sort in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-shell-sort)

algorithms-sorting/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sort/bynumber/NaturalOrderComparators.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.algorithms.stringsortingbynumber;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sort.bynumber;
 
 import java.util.Comparator;
 

algorithms-sorting/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sort/bynumber/NaturalOrderComparatorsUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package com.baeldung.algorithms.stringsortingbynumber;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sort.bynumber;
 
-import com.baeldung.algorithms.stringsortingbynumber.NaturalOrderComparators;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.sort.bynumber.NaturalOrderComparators;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;

core-groovy-2/README.md

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@
 - [Pattern Matching in Strings in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-pattern-matching)
 - [Working with XML in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-xml)
 - [Integrating Groovy into Java Applications](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-java-applications)
+- [Concatenate Strings with Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-concatenate-strings)

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-2/README.MD

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 ## Relevant Articles
 
 - [Extending an Array’s Length](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-add-element-at-the-end)
+- [Checking If an Array Is Sorted in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-sorted-array)
+- [Looping Diagonally Through a 2d Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-loop-diagonal-array)

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/SequenceGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+public class SequenceGenerator {
+    private int currentValue = 0;
+
+    public int getNextSequence() throws InterruptedException {
+        currentValue = currentValue + 1;
+        Thread.sleep(500);
+        return currentValue;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/SequenceGeneratorUsingMonitor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Monitor;
+
+public class SequenceGeneratorUsingMonitor extends SequenceGenerator {
+
+    private Monitor monitor = new Monitor();
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNextSequence() throws InterruptedException {
+        monitor.enter();
+        try {
+            return super.getNextSequence();
+        } finally {
+            monitor.leave();
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/SequenceGeneratorUsingReentrantLock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+public class SequenceGeneratorUsingReentrantLock extends SequenceGenerator {
+
+    private ReentrantLock mutex = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNextSequence() throws InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            return super.getNextSequence();
+        } finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/SequenceGeneratorUsingSemaphore.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+public class SequenceGeneratorUsingSemaphore extends SequenceGenerator {
+
+    private Semaphore mutex = new Semaphore(1);
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNextSequence() throws InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            mutex.acquire();
+            return super.getNextSequence();
+        } finally {
+            mutex.release();
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedBlock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+public class SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedBlock extends SequenceGenerator {
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNextSequence() throws InterruptedException {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return super.getNextSequence();
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedMethod.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+public class SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedMethod extends SequenceGenerator {
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized int getNextSequence() throws InterruptedException {
+        return super.getNextSequence();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/mutex/MutexUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex.SequenceGenerator;
+import com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex.SequenceGeneratorUsingMonitor;
+import com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex.SequenceGeneratorUsingReentrantLock;
+import com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex.SequenceGeneratorUsingSemaphore;
+import com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex.SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedBlock;
+import com.baeldung.concurrent.mutex.SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedMethod;
+
+public class MutexUnitTest {
+
+    private final int RANGE = 30;
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenUnsafeSequenceGenerator_whenRaceCondition_thenUnexpectedBehavior() throws Exception {
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = getASetOFUniqueSequences(new SequenceGenerator());
+        Assert.assertNotEquals(RANGE, uniqueSequences.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedMethod_whenRaceCondition_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = getASetOFUniqueSequences(new SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedMethod());
+        Assert.assertEquals(RANGE, uniqueSequences.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedBlock_whenRaceCondition_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = getASetOFUniqueSequences(new SequenceGeneratorUsingSynchronizedBlock());
+        Assert.assertEquals(RANGE, uniqueSequences.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSequenceGeneratorUsingReentrantLock_whenRaceCondition_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = getASetOFUniqueSequences(new SequenceGeneratorUsingReentrantLock());
+        Assert.assertEquals(RANGE, uniqueSequences.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSequenceGeneratorUsingSemaphore_whenRaceCondition_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = getASetOFUniqueSequences(new SequenceGeneratorUsingSemaphore());
+        Assert.assertEquals(RANGE, uniqueSequences.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSequenceGeneratorUsingMonitor_whenRaceCondition_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = getASetOFUniqueSequences(new SequenceGeneratorUsingMonitor());
+        Assert.assertEquals(RANGE, uniqueSequences.size());
+    }
+
+    private Set<Integer> getASetOFUniqueSequences(SequenceGenerator generator) throws Exception {
+        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
+        Set<Integer> uniqueSequences = new HashSet<>();
+        List<Future<Integer>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < RANGE; i++) {
+            futures.add(executor.submit(generator::getNextSequence));
+        }
+
+        for (Future<Integer> future : futures) {
+            uniqueSequences.add(future.get());
+        }
+
+        executor.awaitTermination(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        executor.shutdown();
+
+        return uniqueSequences;
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-jndi/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.jndi</groupId>
+    <artifactId>core-java-jndi</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../../</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+            <version>5.5.1</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
+            <version>5.0.9.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
+            <version>5.0.9.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
+            <version>5.0.9.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
+            <version>5.0.9.RELEASE</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+            <version>1.4.199</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>1.8</source>
+                    <target>1.8</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-jndi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jndi/JndiUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.baeldung.jndi;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
+import org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate;
+import org.springframework.mock.jndi.SimpleNamingContextBuilder;
+
+import javax.naming.*;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class JndiUnitTest {
+
+    private static InitialContext ctx;
+    private static DriverManagerDataSource ds;
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setUp() throws Exception {
+        SimpleNamingContextBuilder builder = new SimpleNamingContextBuilder();
+        ds = new DriverManagerDataSource("jdbc:h2:mem:mydb");
+        builder.activate();
+
+        JndiTemplate jndiTemplate = new JndiTemplate();
+        ctx = (InitialContext) jndiTemplate.getContext();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenACompositeName_whenAddingAnElement_thenNameIncludesIt() throws Exception {
+        Name objectName = new CompositeName("java:comp/env/jdbc");
+
+        Enumeration<String> elements = objectName.getAll();
+        while(elements.hasMoreElements()) {
+            System.out.println(elements.nextElement());
+        }
+
+        objectName.add("example");
+
+        assertEquals("env", objectName.get(1));
+        assertEquals("example", objectName.get(objectName.size() - 1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenADataSource_whenAddingDriver_thenBind() throws Exception {
+        ds.setDriverClassName("org.h2.Driver");
+        ctx.bind("java:comp/env/jdbc/datasource", ds);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenContext_whenLookupByName_thenValidDataSource() throws Exception {
+        DataSource ds = (DataSource) ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/datasource");
+
+        assertNotNull(ds);
+        assertNotNull(ds.getConnection());
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-jndi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jndi/exceptions/JndiExceptionsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.jndi.exceptions;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.MethodOrderer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestMethodOrder;
+import org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate;
+import org.springframework.mock.jndi.SimpleNamingContextBuilder;
+
+import javax.naming.InitialContext;
+import javax.naming.NameNotFoundException;
+import javax.naming.NoInitialContextException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
+public class JndiExceptionsUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(1)
+    void givenNoContext_whenLookupObject_thenThrowNoInitialContext() {
+        assertThrows(NoInitialContextException.class, () -> {
+            JndiTemplate jndiTemplate = new JndiTemplate();
+            InitialContext ctx = (InitialContext) jndiTemplate.getContext();
+            ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/datasource");
+        }).printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(2)
+    void givenEmptyContext_whenLookupNotBounds_thenThrowNameNotFound() {
+        assertThrows(NameNotFoundException.class, () -> {
+            SimpleNamingContextBuilder builder = new SimpleNamingContextBuilder();
+            builder.activate();
+
+            JndiTemplate jndiTemplate = new JndiTemplate();
+            InitialContext ctx = (InitialContext) jndiTemplate.getContext();
+            ctx.lookup("badJndiName");
+        }).printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-networking-2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Relevant Articles
+
+- [Checking if a URL Exists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-url-exists)

core-java-modules/core-java-os/README.md

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ This module uses Java 9, so make sure to have the JDK 9 installed to run it.
 - [Java 9 Process API Improvements](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-process-api)
 - [Guide to java.lang.Process API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-process-api)
 - [Guide to java.lang.ProcessBuilder API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-lang-processbuilder-api)
-
+- [Get the Current Working Directory in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-current-directory)

httpclient-simple/pom.xml

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
-            <version>${spring.version}</version>
+            <version>${spring-security.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
-            <version>${spring.version}</version>
+            <version>${spring-security.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
         <!-- Spring -->

java-jdi/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>java-jdi</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>java-jdi</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-java</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../parent-java</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
+            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
+            <version>${logback.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${jmh-core.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+            <version>${jmh-generator.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.sun</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tools</artifactId>
+            <version>${tools.version}</version>
+            <scope>system</scope>
+      		<systemPath>${java.home}/../lib/tools.jar</systemPath>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <finalName>java-jdi</finalName>
+        <resources>
+            <resource>
+                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+                <filtering>true</filtering>
+            </resource>
+        </resources>
+
+        <plugins>
+
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-javadoc-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>1.8</source>
+                    <target>1.8</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <profiles>
+        <profile>
+            <id>integration</id>
+            <build>
+                <plugins>
+                    <plugin>
+                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+                        <executions>
+                            <execution>
+                                <phase>integration-test</phase>
+                                <goals>
+                                    <goal>test</goal>
+                                </goals>
+                                <configuration>
+                                    <includes>
+                                        <include>**/*IntegrationTest.java</include>
+                                    </includes>
+                                </configuration>
+                            </execution>
+                        </executions>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <systemPropertyVariables>
+                                <test.mime>json</test.mime>
+                            </systemPropertyVariables>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </plugin>
+                </plugins>
+            </build>
+        </profile>
+    </profiles>
+
+    <properties>
+        <commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version>
+
+        <assertj.version>3.6.1</assertj.version>
+		<tool.version>1.8</tool.version>
+        <org.slf4j.version>1.7.21</org.slf4j.version>
+        <logback.version>1.1.7</logback.version>
+		<tools.version>1.8</tools.version>
+        <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
+        <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.0.0-M1</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
+        <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.0.2</maven-jar-plugin.version>
+    </properties>
+</project>

java-jdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdi/JDIExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdi;
+
+public class JDIExample {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        String jpda = "Java Platform Debugger Architecture";
+        System.out.println("Hi Everyone, Welcome to " + jpda); //add a break point here
+
+        String jdi = "Java Debug Interface"; //add a break point here and also stepping in here
+        String text = "Today, we'll dive into " + jdi;
+        System.out.println(text);
+    }
+    
+}

java-jdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jdi/JDIExampleDebugger.java

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package com.baeldung.jdi;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import com.sun.jdi.AbsentInformationException;
+import com.sun.jdi.Bootstrap;
+import com.sun.jdi.ClassType;
+import com.sun.jdi.IncompatibleThreadStateException;
+import com.sun.jdi.LocalVariable;
+import com.sun.jdi.Location;
+import com.sun.jdi.StackFrame;
+import com.sun.jdi.VMDisconnectedException;
+import com.sun.jdi.Value;
+import com.sun.jdi.VirtualMachine;
+import com.sun.jdi.connect.Connector;
+import com.sun.jdi.connect.IllegalConnectorArgumentsException;
+import com.sun.jdi.connect.LaunchingConnector;
+import com.sun.jdi.connect.VMStartException;
+import com.sun.jdi.event.BreakpointEvent;
+import com.sun.jdi.event.ClassPrepareEvent;
+import com.sun.jdi.event.Event;
+import com.sun.jdi.event.EventSet;
+import com.sun.jdi.event.LocatableEvent;
+import com.sun.jdi.event.StepEvent;
+import com.sun.jdi.request.BreakpointRequest;
+import com.sun.jdi.request.ClassPrepareRequest;
+import com.sun.jdi.request.StepRequest;
+
+public class JDIExampleDebugger {
+
+    private Class debugClass; 
+    private int[] breakPointLines;
+
+    public Class getDebugClass() {
+        return debugClass;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebugClass(Class debugClass) {
+        this.debugClass = debugClass;
+    }
+
+    public int[] getBreakPointLines() {
+        return breakPointLines;
+    }
+
+    public void setBreakPointLines(int[] breakPointLines) {
+        this.breakPointLines = breakPointLines;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the debug class as the main argument in the connector and launches the VM
+     * @return VirtualMachine
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IllegalConnectorArgumentsException
+     * @throws VMStartException
+     */
+    public VirtualMachine connectAndLaunchVM() throws IOException, IllegalConnectorArgumentsException, VMStartException {
+        LaunchingConnector launchingConnector = Bootstrap.virtualMachineManager().defaultConnector();
+        Map<String, Connector.Argument> arguments = launchingConnector.defaultArguments();
+        arguments.get("main").setValue(debugClass.getName());
+        VirtualMachine vm = launchingConnector.launch(arguments);
+        return vm;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a request to prepare the debug class, add filter as the debug class and enables it
+     * @param vm
+     */
+    public void enableClassPrepareRequest(VirtualMachine vm) {
+        ClassPrepareRequest classPrepareRequest = vm.eventRequestManager().createClassPrepareRequest();
+        classPrepareRequest.addClassFilter(debugClass.getName());
+        classPrepareRequest.enable();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the break points at the line numbers mentioned in breakPointLines array
+     * @param vm
+     * @param event
+     * @throws AbsentInformationException
+     */
+    public void setBreakPoints(VirtualMachine vm, ClassPrepareEvent event) throws AbsentInformationException {
+        ClassType classType = (ClassType) event.referenceType();
+        for(int lineNumber: breakPointLines) {
+            Location location = classType.locationsOfLine(lineNumber).get(0);
+            BreakpointRequest bpReq = vm.eventRequestManager().createBreakpointRequest(location);
+            bpReq.enable();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Displays the visible variables
+     * @param event
+     * @throws IncompatibleThreadStateException
+     * @throws AbsentInformationException
+     */
+    public void displayVariables(LocatableEvent event) throws IncompatibleThreadStateException, AbsentInformationException {
+        StackFrame stackFrame = event.thread().frame(0);
+        if(stackFrame.location().toString().contains(debugClass.getName())) {
+            Map<LocalVariable, Value> visibleVariables = stackFrame.getValues(stackFrame.visibleVariables());
+            System.out.println("Variables at " +stackFrame.location().toString() +  " > ");
+            for (Map.Entry<LocalVariable, Value> entry : visibleVariables.entrySet()) {
+                System.out.println(entry.getKey().name() + " = " + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables step request for a break point
+     * @param vm
+     * @param event
+     */
+    public void enableStepRequest(VirtualMachine vm, BreakpointEvent event) {
+        //enable step request for last break point
+        if(event.location().toString().contains(debugClass.getName()+":"+breakPointLines[breakPointLines.length-1])) {
+            StepRequest stepRequest = vm.eventRequestManager().createStepRequest(event.thread(), StepRequest.STEP_LINE, StepRequest.STEP_OVER);
+            stepRequest.enable();    
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+
+        JDIExampleDebugger debuggerInstance = new JDIExampleDebugger();
+        debuggerInstance.setDebugClass(JDIExample.class);
+        int[] breakPoints = {6, 9};
+        debuggerInstance.setBreakPointLines(breakPoints);
+        VirtualMachine vm = null;
+
+        try {
+            vm = debuggerInstance.connectAndLaunchVM();
+            debuggerInstance.enableClassPrepareRequest(vm);
+
+            EventSet eventSet = null;
+            while ((eventSet = vm.eventQueue().remove()) != null) {
+                for (Event event : eventSet) {
+                    if (event instanceof ClassPrepareEvent) {
+                        debuggerInstance.setBreakPoints(vm, (ClassPrepareEvent)event);
+                    }
+
+                    if (event instanceof BreakpointEvent) {
+                        event.request().disable();
+                        debuggerInstance.displayVariables((BreakpointEvent) event);
+                        debuggerInstance.enableStepRequest(vm, (BreakpointEvent)event);
+                    }
+
+                    if (event instanceof StepEvent) {
+                        debuggerInstance.displayVariables((StepEvent) event);
+                    }
+                    vm.resume();
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (VMDisconnectedException e) {
+            System.out.println("Virtual Machine is disconnected.");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } 
+        finally {
+            InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(vm.process().getInputStream());
+            OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(System.out);
+            char[] buf = new char[512];
+
+            reader.read(buf);
+            writer.write(buf);
+            writer.flush();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}

java-math/src/main/java/com/baeldung/matrices/HomemadeMatrix.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.matrices;
+
+public class HomemadeMatrix {
+    public static double[][] multiplyMatrices(double[][] firstMatrix, double[][] secondMatrix) {
+        double[][] result = new double[firstMatrix.length][secondMatrix[0].length];
+
+        for (int row = 0; row < result.length; row++) {
+            for (int col = 0; col < result[row].length; col++) {
+                result[row][col] = multiplyMatricesCell(firstMatrix, secondMatrix, row, col);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static double multiplyMatricesCell(double[][] firstMatrix, double[][] secondMatrix, int row, int col) {
+        double cell = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < secondMatrix.length; i++) {
+            cell += firstMatrix[row][i] * secondMatrix[i][col];
+        }
+        return cell;
+    }
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/logarithm/LogarithmUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.logarithm;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class LogarithmUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLog10_shouldReturnValidResults() {
+        assertEquals(Math.log10(100), 2);
+        assertEquals(Math.log10(1000), 3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLogE_shouldReturnValidResults() {
+        assertEquals(Math.log(Math.E), 1);
+        assertEquals(Math.log(10), 2.30258, 0.00001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenCustomLog_shouldReturnValidResults() {
+        assertEquals(customLog(2, 256), 8);
+        assertEquals(customLog(10, 100), 2);
+    }
+
+    private static double customLog(double base, double logNumber) {
+        return Math.log(logNumber) / Math.log(base);
+    }
+
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/MatrixMultiplicationBenchmarking.java

@@ -1,9 +1,84 @@
 package com.baeldung.matrices;
 
+import cern.colt.matrix.DoubleFactory2D;
+import cern.colt.matrix.DoubleMatrix2D;
+import cern.colt.matrix.linalg.Algebra;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.linear.RealMatrix;
+import org.ejml.simple.SimpleMatrix;
+import org.la4j.Matrix;
+import org.la4j.matrix.dense.Basic2DMatrix;
+import org.nd4j.linalg.api.ndarray.INDArray;
+import org.nd4j.linalg.factory.Nd4j;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
 public class MatrixMultiplicationBenchmarking {
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-        org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
+        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
+          .include(MatrixMultiplicationBenchmarking.class.getSimpleName())
+          .mode(Mode.AverageTime)
+          .forks(2)
+          .warmupIterations(5)
+          .measurementIterations(10)
+          .timeUnit(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)
+          .build();
+
+        new Runner(opt).run();
     }
 
-}
+    @Benchmark
+    public Object homemadeMatrixMultiplication(MatrixProvider matrixProvider) {
+        return HomemadeMatrix.multiplyMatrices(matrixProvider.getFirstMatrix(), matrixProvider.getSecondMatrix());
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public Object ejmlMatrixMultiplication(MatrixProvider matrixProvider) {
+        SimpleMatrix firstMatrix = new SimpleMatrix(matrixProvider.getFirstMatrix());
+        SimpleMatrix secondMatrix = new SimpleMatrix(matrixProvider.getSecondMatrix());
+
+        return firstMatrix.mult(secondMatrix);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public Object apacheCommonsMatrixMultiplication(MatrixProvider matrixProvider) {
+        RealMatrix firstMatrix = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(matrixProvider.getFirstMatrix());
+        RealMatrix secondMatrix = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(matrixProvider.getSecondMatrix());
+
+        return firstMatrix.multiply(secondMatrix);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public Object la4jMatrixMultiplication(MatrixProvider matrixProvider) {
+        Matrix firstMatrix = new Basic2DMatrix(matrixProvider.getFirstMatrix());
+        Matrix secondMatrix = new Basic2DMatrix(matrixProvider.getSecondMatrix());
+
+        return firstMatrix.multiply(secondMatrix);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public Object nd4jMatrixMultiplication(MatrixProvider matrixProvider) {
+        INDArray firstMatrix = Nd4j.create(matrixProvider.getFirstMatrix());
+        INDArray secondMatrix = Nd4j.create(matrixProvider.getSecondMatrix());
+
+        return firstMatrix.mmul(secondMatrix);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public Object coltMatrixMultiplication(MatrixProvider matrixProvider) {
+        DoubleFactory2D doubleFactory2D = DoubleFactory2D.dense;
+
+        DoubleMatrix2D firstMatrix = doubleFactory2D.make(matrixProvider.getFirstMatrix());
+        DoubleMatrix2D secondMatrix = doubleFactory2D.make(matrixProvider.getSecondMatrix());
+
+        Algebra algebra = new Algebra();
+        return algebra.mult(firstMatrix, secondMatrix);
+    }
+
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/MatrixProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.matrices;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+
+@State(Scope.Benchmark)
+public class MatrixProvider {
+    private double[][] firstMatrix;
+    private double[][] secondMatrix;
+
+    public MatrixProvider() {
+        firstMatrix =
+          new double[][] {
+            new double[] {1d, 5d},
+            new double[] {2d, 3d},
+            new double[] {1d ,7d}
+          };
+
+        secondMatrix =
+          new double[][] {
+            new double[] {1d, 2d, 3d, 7d},
+            new double[] {5d, 2d, 8d, 1d}
+          };
+    }
+
+    public double[][] getFirstMatrix() {
+        return firstMatrix;
+    }
+
+    public double[][] getSecondMatrix() {
+        return secondMatrix;
+    }
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/apache/RealMatrixUnitTest.java

@@ -7,15 +7,10 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+class RealMatrixUnitTest {
-@Fork(value = 2)
-@Warmup(iterations = 5)
-@Measurement(iterations = 10)
-public class RealMatrixUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    @Benchmark
+    void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
-    public void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
         RealMatrix firstMatrix = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(
           new double[][] {
             new double[] {1d, 5d},
@@ -43,5 +38,4 @@ public class RealMatrixUnitTest {
 
         assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
     }
-
 }

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/colt/DoubleMatrix2DUnitTest.java

@@ -8,15 +8,10 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+class DoubleMatrix2DUnitTest {
-@Fork(value = 2)
-@Warmup(iterations = 5)
-@Measurement(iterations = 10)
-public class DoubleMatrix2DUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    @Benchmark
+    void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
-    public void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
         DoubleFactory2D doubleFactory2D = DoubleFactory2D.dense;
 
         DoubleMatrix2D firstMatrix = doubleFactory2D.make(
@@ -48,4 +43,4 @@ public class DoubleMatrix2DUnitTest {
         assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
     }
 
-}
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/ejml/SimpleMatrixUnitTest.java

@@ -6,15 +6,10 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+class SimpleMatrixUnitTest {
-@Fork(value = 2)
-@Warmup(iterations = 5)
-@Measurement(iterations = 10)
-public class SimpleMatrixUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    @Benchmark
+    void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
-    public void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
         SimpleMatrix firstMatrix = new SimpleMatrix(
           new double[][] {
             new double[] {1d, 5d},
@@ -43,4 +38,4 @@ public class SimpleMatrixUnitTest {
         assertThat(actual).matches(m -> m.isIdentical(expected, 0d));
     }
 
-}
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/homemade/HomemadeMatrixUnitTest.java

@@ -5,15 +5,10 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+class HomemadeMatrixUnitTest {
-@Fork(value = 2)
-@Warmup(iterations = 5)
-@Measurement(iterations = 10)
-public class HomemadeMatrixUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    @Benchmark
+    void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
-    public void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
         double[][] firstMatrix = {
           new double[]{1d, 5d},
           new double[]{2d, 3d},
@@ -55,4 +50,5 @@ public class HomemadeMatrixUnitTest {
         }
         return cell;
     }
-}
+
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/la4j/Basic2DMatrixUnitTest.java

@@ -7,15 +7,10 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+class Basic2DMatrixUnitTest {
-@Fork(value = 2)
-@Warmup(iterations = 5)
-@Measurement(iterations = 10)
-public class Basic2DMatrixUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    @Benchmark
+    void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
-    public void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
         Matrix firstMatrix = new Basic2DMatrix(
           new double[][]{
             new double[]{1d, 5d},
@@ -44,4 +39,4 @@ public class Basic2DMatrixUnitTest {
         assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
     }
 
-}
+}

java-math/src/test/java/com/baeldung/matrices/nd4j/INDArrayUnitTest.java

@@ -7,14 +7,10 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+class INDArrayUnitTest {
-@Fork(value = 2)
-@Warmup(iterations = 5)
-@Measurement(iterations = 10)
-public class INDArrayUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    public void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
+    void givenTwoMatrices_whenMultiply_thenMultiplicatedMatrix() {
         INDArray firstMatrix = Nd4j.create(
           new double[][]{
             new double[]{1d, 5d},
@@ -43,4 +39,4 @@ public class INDArrayUnitTest {
         assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
     }
 
-}
+}

java-numbers-2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+## Relevant Articles
+- [Lossy Conversion in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-lossy-conversion)

java-numbers-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lcm/BigIntegerLCM.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+public class BigIntegerLCM {
+
+    public static BigInteger lcm(BigInteger number1, BigInteger number2) {
+        BigInteger gcd = number1.gcd(number2);
+        BigInteger absProduct = number1.multiply(number2).abs();
+        return absProduct.divide(gcd);
+    }
+
+}

java-numbers-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lcm/EuclideanAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class EuclideanAlgorithm {
+
+    public static int gcd(int number1, int number2) {
+        if (number1 == 0 || number2 == 0) {
+            return number1 + number2;
+        } else {
+            int absNumber1 = Math.abs(number1);
+            int absNumber2 = Math.abs(number2);
+            int biggerValue = Math.max(absNumber1, absNumber2);
+            int smallerValue = Math.min(absNumber1, absNumber2);
+            return gcd(biggerValue % smallerValue, smallerValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int lcm(int number1, int number2) {
+        if (number1 == 0 || number2 == 0)
+            return 0;
+        else {
+            int gcd = gcd(number1, number2);
+            return Math.abs(number1 * number2) / gcd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int lcmForArray(int[] numbers) {
+        int lcm = numbers[0];
+        for (int i = 1; i <= numbers.length - 1; i++) {
+            lcm = lcm(lcm, numbers[i]);
+        }
+        return lcm;
+    }
+
+    public static int lcmByLambda(int... numbers) {
+        return Arrays.stream(numbers).reduce(1, (lcmSoFar, currentNumber) -> Math.abs(lcmSoFar * currentNumber) / gcd(lcmSoFar, currentNumber));
+    }
+
+}

java-numbers-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lcm/PrimeFactorizationAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class PrimeFactorizationAlgorithm {
+
+    public static Map<Integer, Integer> getPrimeFactors(int number) {
+        int absNumber = Math.abs(number);
+        Map<Integer, Integer> primeFactorsMap = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
+        for (int factor = 2; factor <= absNumber; factor++) {
+            while (absNumber % factor == 0) {
+                Integer power = primeFactorsMap.get(factor);
+                if (power == null) {
+                    power = 0;
+                }
+                primeFactorsMap.put(factor, power + 1);
+                absNumber /= factor;
+            }
+        }
+        return primeFactorsMap;
+    }
+
+    public static int lcm(int number1, int number2) {
+        if (number1 == 0 || number2 == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        Map<Integer, Integer> primeFactorsForNum1 = getPrimeFactors(number1);
+        Map<Integer, Integer> primeFactorsForNum2 = getPrimeFactors(number2);
+        Set<Integer> primeFactorsUnionSet = new HashSet<Integer>(primeFactorsForNum1.keySet());
+        primeFactorsUnionSet.addAll(primeFactorsForNum2.keySet());
+        int lcm = 1;
+        for (Integer primeFactor : primeFactorsUnionSet) {
+            lcm *= Math.pow(primeFactor, Math.max(primeFactorsForNum1.getOrDefault(primeFactor, 0),
+                    primeFactorsForNum2.getOrDefault(primeFactor, 0)));
+        }
+        return lcm;
+    }
+
+}

java-numbers-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lcm/SimpleAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+public class SimpleAlgorithm {
+    public static int lcm(int number1, int number2) {
+        if (number1 == 0 || number2 == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int absNumber1 = Math.abs(number1);
+        int absNumber2 = Math.abs(number2);
+        int absHigherNumber = Math.max(absNumber1, absNumber2);
+        int absLowerNumber = Math.min(absNumber1, absNumber2);
+        int lcm = absHigherNumber;
+        while (lcm % absLowerNumber != 0) {
+            lcm += absHigherNumber;
+        }
+        return lcm;
+    }
+}

java-numbers-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lcm/BigIntegerLCMUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+public class BigIntegerLCMUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLCM() {
+        BigInteger number1 = new BigInteger("12");
+        BigInteger number2 = new BigInteger("18");
+        BigInteger expectedLCM = new BigInteger("36");
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedLCM, BigIntegerLCM.lcm(number1, number2));
+    }
+}

java-numbers-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lcm/EuclideanAlgorithmUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class EuclideanAlgorithmUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGCD() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, EuclideanAlgorithm.gcd(12, 18));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLCM() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(36, EuclideanAlgorithm.lcm(12, 18));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLCMForArray() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(15, EuclideanAlgorithm.lcmForArray(new int[]{3, 5, 15}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLCMByLambdaForArray() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(15, EuclideanAlgorithm.lcmByLambda(new int[]{3, 5, 15}));
+    }
+}

java-numbers-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lcm/PrimeFactorizationAlgorithmUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static com.baeldung.lcm.PrimeFactorizationAlgorithm.*;
+
+
+public class PrimeFactorizationAlgorithmUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPrimeFactors() {
+        Map<Integer, Integer> expectedPrimeFactorsMapForTwelve = new HashMap<>();
+        expectedPrimeFactorsMapForTwelve.put(2, 2);
+        expectedPrimeFactorsMapForTwelve.put(3, 1);
+        Map<Integer, Integer> expectedPrimeFactorsMapForEighteen = new HashMap<>();
+        expectedPrimeFactorsMapForEighteen.put(2, 1);
+        expectedPrimeFactorsMapForEighteen.put(3, 2);
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedPrimeFactorsMapForTwelve, getPrimeFactors(12));
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedPrimeFactorsMapForEighteen, getPrimeFactors(18));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLCM() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(36, PrimeFactorizationAlgorithm.lcm(12, 18));
+    }
+}

java-numbers-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lcm/SimpleAlgorithmUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.lcm;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static com.baeldung.lcm.SimpleAlgorithm.*;
+
+public class SimpleAlgorithmUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLCM() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(36, lcm(12, 18));
+    }
+
+}

java-strings-2/README.md

@@ -23,3 +23,4 @@
 - [Java Multi-line String](https://www.baeldung.com/java-multiline-string)
 - [Checking If a String Is a Repeated Substring](https://www.baeldung.com/java-repeated-substring)
 - [How to Reverse a String in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-reverse-string)
+- [String toLowerCase and toUpperCase Methods in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-convert-case)

jee-kotlin/README.md

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
+- [Java EE Application with Kotlin](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ee-kotlin-app)

kotlin-quasar/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 ### Relevant Articles
 
 - [Introduction to Quasar in Kotlin](https://www.baeldung.com/kotlin-quasar)
+- [Advanced Quasar Usage for Kotlin](https://www.baeldung.com/kotlin-quasar-advanced)

libraries-data-3/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+### Relevant articles
+- [Parsing YAML with SnakeYAML](http://www.baeldung.com/java-snake-yaml)
+- [Guide to JMapper](https://www.baeldung.com/jmapper)
+- [An Introduction to SuanShu](https://www.baeldung.com/suanshu)
+- [Intro to Derive4J](https://www.baeldung.com/derive4j)

libraries-data-3/log4j.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

libraries-data-3/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>libraries-data-3</artifactId>
+    <name>libraries-data-3</name>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
+            <artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
+            <version>${snakeyaml.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.googlecode.jmapper-framework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmapper-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${jmapper.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.numericalmethod</groupId>
+            <artifactId>suanshu</artifactId>
+            <version>${suanshu.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.derive4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>derive4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${derive4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <repositories>
+        <repository>
+            <id>nm-repo</id>
+            <name>Numerical Method's Maven Repository</name>
+            <url>http://repo.numericalmethod.com/maven/</url>
+            <layout>default</layout>
+        </repository>
+    </repositories>
+
+    <properties>
+        <snakeyaml.version>1.21</snakeyaml.version>
+        <jmapper.version>1.6.0.1</jmapper.version>
+        <suanshu.version>4.0.0</suanshu.version>
+        <derive4j.version>1.1.0</derive4j.version>
+    </properties>
+</project>

libraries-data-3/src/main/resources/user_jmapper.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<jmapper>
+  <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.UserDto">
+    <attribute name="id">
+      <value name="id"/>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute name="username">
+      <value name="email"/>
+    </attribute>
+  </class>
+</jmapper>

libraries-data-3/src/main/resources/user_jmapper1.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<jmapper>
+  <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.UserDto1">
+    <global/>
+  </class>
+</jmapper>

libraries-data-3/src/main/resources/user_jmapper2.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<jmapper>
+  <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.relational.User">
+    <attribute name="id">
+      <value name="id"/>
+      <classes>
+        <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.relational.UserDto1"/>
+        <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.relational.UserDto2"/>
+      </classes>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute name="email">
+      <attributes>
+        <attribute name="username"/>
+        <attribute name="email"/>
+      </attributes>
+      <classes>
+        <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.relational.UserDto1"/>
+        <class name="com.baeldung.jmapper.relational.UserDto2"/>
+      </classes>      
+    </attribute>
+  </class>
+</jmapper>

libraries-data-3/src/test/resources/yaml/customer.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+firstName: "John"
+lastName: "Doe"
+age: 20

libraries-data-3/src/test/resources/yaml/customer_with_contact_details.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+firstName: "John"
+lastName: "Doe"
+age: 31
+contactDetails:
+   - { type: "mobile", number: 123456789}
+   - { type: "landline", number: 456786868}
+   

libraries-data-3/src/test/resources/yaml/customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+firstName: "John"
+lastName: "Doe"
+age: 31
+contactDetails:
+   - type: "mobile"
+     number: 123456789
+   - type: "landline"
+     number: 456786868
+homeAddress:
+   line: "Xyz, DEF Street"
+   city: "City Y"
+   state: "State Y"
+   zip: 345657

libraries-data-3/src/test/resources/yaml/customer_with_contact_details_and_tags.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+firstName: "John"
+lastName: "Doe"
+age: 31
+contactDetails:
+   - !contact { type: "mobile", number: 123456789}
+   - !contact { type: "landline", number: 456786868}

libraries-data-3/src/test/resources/yaml/customer_with_type.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer
+firstName: "John"
+lastName: "Doe"
+age: 20

libraries-data-3/src/test/resources/yaml/customers.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+firstName: "John"
+lastName: "Doe"
+age: 20
+---
+firstName: "Jack"
+lastName: "Jones"
+age: 25

libraries-data/README.md

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 - [Introduction to JCache](http://www.baeldung.com/jcache)
 - [A Guide to Apache Ignite](http://www.baeldung.com/apache-ignite)
 - [Apache Ignite with Spring Data](http://www.baeldung.com/apache-ignite-spring-data)
-- [Guide to JMapper](https://www.baeldung.com/jmapper)
 - [A Guide to Apache Crunch](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-crunch)
 - [Intro to Apache Storm](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-storm)
 - [Guide to Ebean ORM](https://www.baeldung.com/ebean-orm)

libraries-data/pom.xml

@@ -141,12 +141,7 @@
             <artifactId>hazelcast</artifactId>
             <version>${hazelcast.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-        
+
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.googlecode.jmapper-framework</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jmapper-core</artifactId>
-            <version>${jmapper.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
         <!--  crunch project  -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.crunch</groupId>
@@ -460,7 +455,6 @@
         <datanucleus-maven-plugin.version>5.0.2</datanucleus-maven-plugin.version>
         <datanucleus-xml.version>5.0.0-release</datanucleus-xml.version>
         <datanucleus-jdo-query.version>5.0.4</datanucleus-jdo-query.version>
-        <jmapper.version>1.6.0.1</jmapper.version>
         <org.apache.crunch.crunch-core.version>0.15.0</org.apache.crunch.crunch-core.version>
         <org.apache.hadoop.hadoop-client>2.2.0</org.apache.hadoop.hadoop-client> 
         <ebean.version>11.22.4</ebean.version>

libraries-http/README.md

@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@
 - [A Guide to Google-Http-Client](http://www.baeldung.com/google-http-client)
 - [Asynchronous HTTP with async-http-client in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/async-http-client)
 - [WebSockets with AsyncHttpClient](http://www.baeldung.com/async-http-client-websockets)
+- [Integrating Retrofit with RxJava](http://www.baeldung.com/retrofit-rxjava)
+- [Introduction to Retrofit](http://www.baeldung.com/retrofit)
+- [A Guide to Unirest](http://www.baeldung.com/unirest)
+- [Creating REST Microservices with Javalin](http://www.baeldung.com/javalin-rest-microservices)

libraries-http/pom.xml

@@ -44,6 +44,23 @@
             <version>${googleclient.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
+		<!-- Retrofit -->
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
+			<artifactId>retrofit</artifactId>
+			<version>${retrofit.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
+			<artifactId>converter-gson</artifactId>
+			<version>${retrofit.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId>
+			<artifactId>adapter-rxjava</artifactId>
+			<version>${retrofit.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+
         <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.asynchttpclient/async-http-client -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.asynchttpclient</groupId>
@@ -69,13 +86,52 @@
             <version>${com.squareup.okhttp3.version}</version>
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
+
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.mashape.unirest</groupId>
+			<artifactId>unirest-java</artifactId>
+			<version>${unirest.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<!-- javalin -->
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>io.javalin</groupId>
+			<artifactId>javalin</artifactId>
+			<version>${javalin.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
+			<artifactId>logging-interceptor</artifactId>
+			<version>${logging-interceptor.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+			<version>${jackson.version}</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
+			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
+			<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
+			<exclusions>
+				<exclusion>
+					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
+					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
+				</exclusion>
+			</exclusions>
+		</dependency>
           
 	</dependencies>
 
 	<properties>
+		<httpclient.version>4.5.3</httpclient.version>
+		<jackson.version>2.9.8</jackson.version>
 		<assertj.version>3.6.2</assertj.version>
         <com.squareup.okhttp3.version>3.14.2</com.squareup.okhttp3.version>
         <googleclient.version>1.23.0</googleclient.version>
         <async.http.client.version>2.2.0</async.http.client.version>
+		<retrofit.version>2.3.0</retrofit.version>
+		<unirest.version>1.4.9</unirest.version>
+		<javalin.version>1.6.0</javalin.version>
+		<logging-interceptor.version>3.9.0</logging-interceptor.version>
 	</properties>
 </project>