Merge branch 'master' into BAEL-4590

.gitignore

@@ -87,4 +87,7 @@ transaction.log
 apache-cxf/cxf-aegis/baeldung.xml
 testing-modules/report-*.json
 
-libraries-2/*.db
+libraries-2/*.db
+
+# SDKMan
+.sdkmanrc

algorithms-miscellaneous-6/README.md

@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@
 - [The Caesar Cipher in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-caesar-cipher)
 - [Implementing a 2048 Solver in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/2048-java-solver)
 - [Finding Top K Elements in an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-top-elements)
+- [Reversing a Linked List in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-reverse-linked-list)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-5)

algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class LinkedListReversal {
+
+    ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
+        ListNode previous = null;
+        ListNode current = head;
+        while (current != null) {
+            ListNode nextElement = current.getNext();
+            current.setNext(previous);
+            previous = current;
+            current = nextElement;
+        }
+        return previous;
+    }
+
+    ListNode reverseListRecursive(ListNode head) {
+        if (head == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (head.getNext() == null) {
+            return head;
+        }
+        ListNode node = reverseListRecursive(head.getNext());
+        head.getNext().setNext(head);
+        head.setNext(null);
+        return node;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/ListNode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class ListNode {
+
+    private int data;
+    private ListNode next;
+
+    ListNode(int data) {
+        this.data = data;
+        this.next = null;
+    }
+
+    public int getData() {
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    public ListNode getNext() {
+        return next;
+    }
+
+    public void setData(int data) {
+        this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    public void setNext(ListNode next) {
+        this.next = next;
+    }
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversalUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+public class LinkedListReversalUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenLinkedList_whenIterativeReverse_thenOutputCorrectResult() {
+        ListNode head = constructLinkedList();
+        ListNode node = head;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+            assertNotNull(node);
+            assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+            node = node.getNext();
+        }
+        LinkedListReversal reversal = new LinkedListReversal();
+        node = reversal.reverseList(head);
+        for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
+            assertNotNull(node);
+            assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+            node = node.getNext();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLinkedList_whenRecursiveReverse_thenOutputCorrectResult() {
+        ListNode head = constructLinkedList();
+        ListNode node = head;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+            assertNotNull(node);
+            assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+            node = node.getNext();
+        }
+        LinkedListReversal reversal = new LinkedListReversal();
+        node = reversal.reverseListRecursive(head);
+        for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
+            assertNotNull(node);
+            assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+            node = node.getNext();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ListNode constructLinkedList() {
+        ListNode head = null;
+        ListNode tail = null;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+            ListNode node = new ListNode(i);
+            if (head == null) {
+                head = node;
+            } else {
+                tail.setNext(node);
+            }
+            tail = node;
+        }
+        return head;
+    }
+}

apache-libraries/pom.xml

@@ -129,6 +129,11 @@
             <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
             <version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
             <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

apache-spark/src/main/java/com/baeldung/differences/dataframe/dataset/rdd/TouristData.java

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.dataframe.dataset.rdd;
+
+
+public class TouristData {
+
+    private String region;
+    private String country;
+    private String year;
+    private String series;
+    private Double value;
+    private String footnotes;
+    private String source;
+
+    public String getRegion() {
+        return region;
+    }
+
+    public void setRegion(String region) {
+        this.region = region;
+    }
+
+    public String getCountry() {
+        return country;
+    }
+
+    public void setCountry(String country) {
+        this.country = country;
+    }
+
+    public String getYear() {
+        return year;
+    }
+
+    public void setYear(String year) {
+        this.year = year;
+    }
+
+    public String getSeries() {
+        return series;
+    }
+
+    public void setSeries(String series) {
+        this.series = series;
+    }
+
+    public Double getValue() {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public void setValue(Double value) {
+        this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    public String getFootnotes() {
+        return footnotes;
+    }
+
+    public void setFootnotes(String footnotes) {
+        this.footnotes = footnotes;
+    }
+
+    public String getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(String source) {
+        this.source = source;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "TouristData [region=" + region + ", country=" + country + ", year=" + year + ", series=" + series + ", value=" + value + ", footnotes=" + footnotes + ", source=" + source + "]";
+    }
+
+}

apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/ActionsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import scala.Tuple2;
+
+public class ActionsUnitTest {
+    private static JavaRDD<String> tourists;
+    private static JavaSparkContext sc;
+    public static final String COMMA_DELIMITER = ",(?=([^\"]*\"[^\"]*\")*[^\"]*$)";
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void init() {
+        SparkConf conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("reduce")
+            .setMaster("local[*]");
+        sc = new JavaSparkContext(conf);
+        tourists = sc.textFile("data/Tourist.csv").filter(line -> !line.startsWith("Region"));
+    }
+    
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() {
+        sc.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenDistinctCount_thenReturnDistinctNumRecords() {
+        JavaRDD<String> countries = tourists.map(line -> {
+            String[] columns = line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER);
+            return columns[1];
+        })
+            .distinct();
+        Long numberOfCountries = countries.count();
+        System.out.println("Count: " + numberOfCountries);
+        
+        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(220), numberOfCountries);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenReduceByKeySum_thenTotalValuePerKey() {
+        JavaRDD<String> touristsExpenditure = tourists.filter(line -> line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER)[3].contains("expenditure"));
+
+        JavaPairRDD<String, Double> expenditurePairRdd = touristsExpenditure.mapToPair(line -> {
+            String[] columns = line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER);
+            return new Tuple2<>(columns[1], Double.valueOf(columns[6]));
+        });
+        List<Tuple2<String, Double>> totalByCountry = expenditurePairRdd.reduceByKey((x, y) -> x + y)
+            .collect();
+        System.out.println("Total per Country: " + totalByCountry);
+        
+        for(Tuple2<String, Double> tuple : totalByCountry) {
+            if (tuple._1.equals("Mexico")) {
+                assertEquals(Double.valueOf(99164), tuple._2);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DataFrameUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.col;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class DataFrameUnitTest {
+    private static SparkSession session;
+    private static Dataset<Row> data;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void init() {
+        session = SparkSession.builder()
+            .appName("TouristDataFrameExample")
+            .master("local[*]")
+            .getOrCreate();
+        DataFrameReader dataFrameReader = session.read();
+        data = dataFrameReader.option("header", "true")
+            .csv("data/Tourist.csv");
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() {
+        session.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSelectSpecificColumns_thenColumnsFiltered() {
+        Dataset<Row> selectedData = data.select(col("country"), col("year"), col("value"));
+        selectedData.show();
+        
+        List<String> resultList = Arrays.asList(selectedData.columns());
+        assertTrue(resultList.contains("country"));
+        assertTrue(resultList.contains("year"));
+        assertTrue(resultList.contains("value"));
+        assertFalse(resultList.contains("Series"));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenFilteringByCountry_thenCountryRecordsSelected() {
+        Dataset<Row> filteredData = data.filter(col("country").equalTo("Mexico"));
+        filteredData.show();
+        
+        filteredData.foreach(record -> {
+            assertEquals("Mexico", record.get(1));
+        });
+        
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenGroupCountByCountry_thenContryTotalRecords() {
+        Dataset<Row> recordsPerCountry = data.groupBy(col("country"))
+            .count();
+        recordsPerCountry.show();
+        
+        Dataset<Row> filteredData = recordsPerCountry.filter(col("country").equalTo("Sweden"));
+        assertEquals(new Long(12), filteredData.first()
+            .get(1));
+    }
+
+}

apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DatasetUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.col;
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.sum;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.FilterFunction;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.differences.dataframe.dataset.rdd.TouristData;
+
+public class DatasetUnitTest {
+    private static SparkSession session;
+    private static Dataset<TouristData> typedDataset;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void init() {
+        session = SparkSession.builder()
+            .appName("TouristDatasetExample")
+            .master("local[*]")
+            .getOrCreate();
+        DataFrameReader dataFrameReader = session.read();
+        Dataset<Row> data = dataFrameReader.option("header", "true")
+            .csv("data/Tourist.csv");
+        Dataset<Row> responseWithSelectedColumns = data.select(col("region"), 
+            col("country"), col("year"), col("series"), col("value").cast("double"), 
+            col("footnotes"), col("source"));
+        typedDataset = responseWithSelectedColumns.as(Encoders.bean(TouristData.class));
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() {
+        session.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenFilteringByCountry_thenCountryRecordsSelected() {
+        Dataset<TouristData> selectedData = typedDataset
+            .filter((FilterFunction<TouristData>) record -> record.getCountry()
+            .equals("Norway"));
+        selectedData.show();
+
+        selectedData.foreach(record -> {
+            assertEquals("Norway", record.getCountry());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenGroupCountByCountry_thenContryTotalRecords() {
+        Dataset<Row> countriesCount = typedDataset.groupBy(typedDataset.col("country"))
+            .count();
+        countriesCount.show();
+
+        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(220), Long.valueOf(countriesCount.count()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenFilteredByPropertyRange_thenRetreiveValidRecords() {
+        // Filter records with existing data for years between 2010 and 2017
+        typedDataset.filter((FilterFunction<TouristData>) record -> record.getYear() != null 
+            && (Long.valueOf(record.getYear()) > 2010 && Long.valueOf(record.getYear()) < 2017))
+            .show();
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenSumValue_thenRetreiveTotalValue() {
+        // Total tourist expenditure by country
+        typedDataset.filter((FilterFunction<TouristData>) record -> record.getValue() != null 
+            && record.getSeries()
+            .contains("expenditure"))
+            .groupBy("country")
+            .agg(sum("value"))
+            .show();
+    }
+
+}

apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/TransformationsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TransformationsUnitTest {
+    
+    public static final String COMMA_DELIMITER = ",(?=([^\"]*\"[^\"]*\")*[^\"]*$)";
+    private static JavaSparkContext sc;
+    private static JavaRDD<String> tourists;
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void init() {
+        SparkConf conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("uppercaseCountries")
+            .setMaster("local[*]");
+        sc = new JavaSparkContext(conf);
+        tourists = sc.textFile("data/Tourist.csv")
+            .filter(line -> !line.startsWith("Region")); //filter header row
+    }
+    
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() {
+        sc.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenMapUpperCase_thenCountryNameUppercased() {
+        JavaRDD<String> upperCaseCountries = tourists.map(line -> {
+            String[] columns = line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER);
+            return columns[1].toUpperCase();
+        })
+            .distinct();
+        
+        upperCaseCountries.saveAsTextFile("data/output/uppercase.txt");
+        
+        upperCaseCountries.foreach(country -> {
+            //replace non alphanumerical characters
+            country = country.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z]", "");
+            assertTrue(StringUtils.isAllUpperCase(country));
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenFilterByCountry_thenShowRequestedCountryRecords() {
+        JavaRDD<String> touristsInMexico = tourists.filter(line -> line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER)[1].equals("Mexico"));
+        
+        touristsInMexico.saveAsTextFile("data/output/touristInMexico.txt");
+        
+        touristsInMexico.foreach(record -> {
+            assertEquals("Mexico", record.split(COMMA_DELIMITER)[1]);
+        });
+    }
+
+}

aws-lambda/README.md

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ This module contains articles about AWS Lambda
 ### Relevant Articles: 
 - [Using AWS Lambda with API Gateway](https://www.baeldung.com/aws-lambda-api-gateway)
 - [Introduction to AWS Serverless Application Model](https://www.baeldung.com/aws-serverless)
+- [How to Implement Hibernate in an AWS Lambda Function in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-aws-lambda-hibernate)

aws-lambda/lambda/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>aws-lambda-examples</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>aws-lambda-examples</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../../</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-dynamodb</artifactId>
+            <version>${aws-java-sdk.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${aws-java-sdk.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${aws-lambda-java-core.version}</version>
+            <exclusions>
+                <exclusion>
+                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
+                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
+                </exclusion>
+            </exclusions>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-events</artifactId>
+            <version>${aws-lambda-java-events.version}</version>
+            <exclusions>
+                <exclusion>
+                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
+                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
+                </exclusion>
+            </exclusions>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
+            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
+            <version>${gson.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.googlecode.json-simple</groupId>
+            <artifactId>json-simple</artifactId>
+            <version>${json-simple.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-shade-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
+                </configuration>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <phase>package</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>shade</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <properties>
+        <json-simple.version>1.1.1</json-simple.version>
+        <commons-io.version>2.5</commons-io.version>
+        <aws-lambda-java-events.version>1.3.0</aws-lambda-java-events.version>
+        <aws-lambda-java-core.version>1.2.0</aws-lambda-java-core.version>
+        <gson.version>2.8.2</gson.version>
+        <aws-java-sdk.version>1.11.241</aws-java-sdk.version>
+        <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.0.0</maven-shade-plugin.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

aws-lambda/pom.xml

@@ -5,95 +5,19 @@
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>aws-lambda</artifactId>
-    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>aws-lambda</name>
-    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
         <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
-    <dependencies>
+    <modules>
-        <dependency>
+        <module>lambda</module>
-            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+        <module>shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction</module>
-            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-dynamodb</artifactId>
+    </modules>
-            <version>${aws-java-sdk.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
-            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-core</artifactId>
-            <version>${aws-java-sdk.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
-            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-core</artifactId>
-            <version>${aws-lambda-java-core.version}</version>
-            <exclusions>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
-                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
-            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-events</artifactId>
-            <version>${aws-lambda-java-events.version}</version>
-            <exclusions>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
-                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
-            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
-            <version>${gson.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
-            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
-            <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.googlecode.json-simple</groupId>
-            <artifactId>json-simple</artifactId>
-            <version>${json-simple.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-    </dependencies>
 
-    <build>
+</project>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>${maven-shade-plugin.version}</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
-                </configuration>
-                <executions>
-                    <execution>
-                        <phase>package</phase>
-                        <goals>
-                            <goal>shade</goal>
-                        </goals>
-                    </execution>
-                </executions>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
-    <properties>
-        <json-simple.version>1.1.1</json-simple.version>
-        <commons-io.version>2.5</commons-io.version>
-        <aws-lambda-java-events.version>1.3.0</aws-lambda-java-events.version>
-        <aws-lambda-java-core.version>1.2.0</aws-lambda-java-core.version>
-        <gson.version>2.8.2</gson.version>
-        <aws-java-sdk.version>1.11.241</aws-java-sdk.version>
-        <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.0.0</maven-shade-plugin.version>
-    </properties>
-
-</project>

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.aws-sam/

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>ShippingFunction</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>Shipping Tracker Lambda Function</name>
+    <properties>
+        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
+        <hibernate.version>5.4.21.Final</hibernate.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-core</artifactId>
+            <version>1.2.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
+          <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-events</artifactId>
+          <version>3.1.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+            <version>2.11.2</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>junit</groupId>
+          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+          <version>4.12</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hibernate-hikaricp</artifactId>
+            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
+            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
+            <version>42.2.16</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+      <plugins>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>3.1.1</version>
+          <configuration>
+          </configuration>
+          <executions>
+            <execution>
+              <phase>package</phase>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>shade</goal>
+              </goals>
+            </execution>
+          </executions>
+        </plugin>
+      </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/App.java

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.Context;
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.RequestHandler;
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent;
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings.*;
+import static org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings.PASS;
+
+/**
+ * Handler for requests to Lambda function.
+ */
+public class App implements RequestHandler<APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent, APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent> {
+private static final ObjectMapper OBJECT_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
+
+    public APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent handleRequest(APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent input, Context context) {
+        try (SessionFactory sessionFactory = createSessionFactory()) {
+            ShippingService service = new ShippingService(sessionFactory, new ShippingDao());
+            return routeRequest(input, service);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent routeRequest(APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent input, ShippingService service) {
+        Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
+        headers.put("Content-Type", "application/json");
+        headers.put("X-Custom-Header", "application/json");
+
+        Object result = "OK";
+
+        switch (input.getResource()) {
+            case "/consignment":
+                result = service.createConsignment(
+                  fromJson(input.getBody(), Consignment.class));
+                break;
+            case "/consignment/{id}":
+                result = service.view(input.getPathParameters().get("id"));
+                break;
+            case "/consignment/{id}/item":
+                service.addItem(input.getPathParameters().get("id"),
+                  fromJson(input.getBody(), Item.class));
+                break;
+            case "/consignment/{id}/checkin":
+                service.checkIn(input.getPathParameters().get("id"),
+                  fromJson(input.getBody(), Checkin.class));
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return new APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent()
+          .withHeaders(headers)
+          .withStatusCode(200)
+          .withBody(toJson(result));
+    }
+
+    private static <T> String toJson(T object) {
+        try {
+            return OBJECT_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(object);
+        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static <T> T fromJson(String json, Class<T> type) {
+        try {
+            return OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(json, type);
+        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static SessionFactory createSessionFactory() {
+        Map<String, String> settings = new HashMap<>();
+        settings.put(URL, System.getenv("DB_URL"));
+        settings.put(DIALECT, "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect");
+        settings.put(DEFAULT_SCHEMA, "shipping");
+        settings.put(DRIVER, "org.postgresql.Driver");
+        settings.put(USER, System.getenv("DB_USER"));
+        settings.put(PASS, System.getenv("DB_PASSWORD"));
+        settings.put("hibernate.hikari.connectionTimeout", "20000");
+        settings.put("hibernate.hikari.minimumIdle", "1");
+        settings.put("hibernate.hikari.maximumPoolSize", "2");
+        settings.put("hibernate.hikari.idleTimeout", "30000");
+
+// commented out as we only need them on first use
+//        settings.put(HBM2DDL_AUTO, "create-only");
+//        settings.put(HBM2DDL_DATABASE_ACTION, "create");
+
+        StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
+          .applySettings(settings)
+          .build();
+
+        return new MetadataSources(registry)
+          .addAnnotatedClass(Consignment.class)
+          .addAnnotatedClass(Item.class)
+          .addAnnotatedClass(Checkin.class)
+          .buildMetadata()
+          .buildSessionFactory();
+    }
+}

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Checkin.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Checkin {
+    private String timeStamp;
+    private String location;
+
+    @Column(name = "timestamp")
+    public String getTimeStamp() {
+        return timeStamp;
+    }
+
+    public void setTimeStamp(String timeStamp) {
+        this.timeStamp = timeStamp;
+    }
+
+    @Column(name = "location")
+    public String getLocation() {
+        return location;
+    }
+
+    public void setLocation(String location) {
+        this.location = location;
+    }
+}

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Consignment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static javax.persistence.FetchType.EAGER;
+
+@Entity(name = "consignment")
+@Table(name = "consignment")
+public class Consignment {
+    private String id;
+    private String source;
+    private String destination;
+    private boolean isDelivered;
+    private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<Checkin> checkins = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Id
+    @Column(name = "consignment_id")
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(String id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    @Column(name = "source")
+    public String getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(String source) {
+        this.source = source;
+    }
+
+    @Column(name = "destination")
+    public String getDestination() {
+        return destination;
+    }
+
+    public void setDestination(String destination) {
+        this.destination = destination;
+    }
+
+    @Column(name = "delivered", columnDefinition = "boolean")
+    public boolean isDelivered() {
+        return isDelivered;
+    }
+
+    public void setDelivered(boolean delivered) {
+        isDelivered = delivered;
+    }
+
+    @ElementCollection(fetch = EAGER)
+    @CollectionTable(name = "consignment_item", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "consignment_id"))
+    @OrderColumn(name = "item_index")
+    public List<Item> getItems() {
+        return items;
+    }
+
+    public void setItems(List<Item> items) {
+        this.items = items;
+    }
+
+    @ElementCollection(fetch = EAGER)
+    @CollectionTable(name = "consignment_checkin", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "consignment_id"))
+    @OrderColumn(name = "checkin_index")
+    public List<Checkin> getCheckins() {
+        return checkins;
+    }
+
+    public void setCheckins(List<Checkin> checkins) {
+        this.checkins = checkins;
+    }
+}

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Item.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Item {
+    private String location;
+    private String description;
+    private String timeStamp;
+
+    @Column(name = "location")
+    public String getLocation() {
+        return location;
+    }
+
+    public void setLocation(String location) {
+        this.location = location;
+    }
+
+    @Column(name = "description")
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescription(String description) {
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    @Column(name = "timestamp")
+    public String getTimeStamp() {
+        return timeStamp;
+    }
+
+    public void setTimeStamp(String timeStamp) {
+        this.timeStamp = timeStamp;
+    }
+}

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingDao.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.Transaction;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class ShippingDao {
+    /**
+     * Save a consignment to the database
+     * @param consignment the consignment to save
+     */
+    public void save(Session session, Consignment consignment) {
+        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
+        session.save(consignment);
+        transaction.commit();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a consignment in the database by id
+     */
+    public Optional<Consignment> find(Session session, String id) {
+        return Optional.ofNullable(session.get(Consignment.class, id));
+    }
+}

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+public class ShippingService {
+    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
+    private ShippingDao shippingDao;
+
+    public ShippingService(SessionFactory sessionFactory, ShippingDao shippingDao) {
+        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
+        this.shippingDao = shippingDao;
+    }
+
+    public String createConsignment(Consignment consignment) {
+        try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+            consignment.setDelivered(false);
+            consignment.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+            shippingDao.save(session, consignment);
+            return consignment.getId();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addItem(String consignmentId, Item item) {
+        try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+            shippingDao.find(session, consignmentId)
+              .ifPresent(consignment -> addItem(session, consignment, item));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addItem(Session session, Consignment consignment, Item item) {
+        consignment.getItems()
+          .add(item);
+        shippingDao.save(session, consignment);
+    }
+
+    public void checkIn(String consignmentId, Checkin checkin) {
+        try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+            shippingDao.find(session, consignmentId)
+              .ifPresent(consignment -> checkIn(session, consignment, checkin));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkIn(Session session, Consignment consignment, Checkin checkin) {
+        consignment.getCheckins().add(checkin);
+        consignment.getCheckins().sort(Comparator.comparing(Checkin::getTimeStamp));
+        if (checkin.getLocation().equals(consignment.getDestination())) {
+            consignment.setDelivered(true);
+        }
+        shippingDao.save(session, consignment);
+    }
+
+    public Consignment view(String consignmentId) {
+        try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+            return shippingDao.find(session, consignmentId)
+              .orElseGet(Consignment::new);
+        }
+    }
+}

aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/template.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
+Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31
+Description: >
+  shipping-tracker
+
+  Sample SAM Template for shipping-tracker
+
+# More info about Globals: https://github.com/awslabs/serverless-application-model/blob/master/docs/globals.rst
+Globals:
+  Function:
+    Timeout: 20
+
+Resources:
+  ShippingFunction:
+    Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
+    Properties:
+      CodeUri: ShippingFunction
+      Handler: com.baeldung.lambda.shipping.App::handleRequest
+      Runtime: java8
+      MemorySize: 512
+      Environment:
+        Variables:
+          DB_URL: jdbc:postgresql://postgres/postgres
+          DB_USER: postgres
+          DB_PASSWORD: password
+      Events:
+        CreateConsignment:
+          Type: Api
+          Properties:
+            Path: /consignment
+            Method: post
+        AddItem:
+          Type: Api
+          Properties:
+            Path: /consignment/{id}/item
+            Method: post
+        CheckIn:
+          Type: Api
+          Properties:
+            Path: /consignment/{id}/checkin
+            Method: post
+        ViewConsignment:
+          Type: Api
+          Properties:
+            Path: /consignment/{id}
+            Method: get
+

core-groovy-strings/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [How to Remove a Prefix From Strings in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-remove-string-prefix)

core-groovy-strings/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-groovy-strings</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>core-groovy-strings</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
+            <artifactId>groovy</artifactId>
+            <version>${groovy.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
+            <artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
+            <version>${groovy-all.version}</version>
+            <type>pom</type>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
+            <artifactId>groovy-dateutil</artifactId>
+            <version>${groovy.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
+            <artifactId>groovy-sql</artifactId>
+            <version>${groovy-sql.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
+            <version>${hsqldb.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spock-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${spock-core.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.codehaus.gmavenplus</groupId>
+                <artifactId>gmavenplus-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${gmavenplus-plugin.version}</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>addSources</goal>
+                            <goal>addTestSources</goal>
+                            <goal>compile</goal>
+                            <goal>compileTests</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-failsafe-plugin.version}</version>
+                <dependencies>
+                    <dependency>
+                        <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
+                        <artifactId>junit-platform-surefire-provider</artifactId>
+                        <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
+                    </dependency>
+                </dependencies>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>junit5</id>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>integration-test</goal>
+                            <goal>verify</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <includes>
+                                <include>**/*Test5.java</include>
+                            </includes>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <repositories>
+        <repository>
+            <id>central</id>
+            <url>https://jcenter.bintray.com</url>
+        </repository>
+    </repositories>
+
+    <properties>
+        <junit.platform.version>1.0.0</junit.platform.version>
+        <groovy.version>2.5.6</groovy.version>
+        <groovy-all.version>2.5.6</groovy-all.version>
+        <groovy-sql.version>2.5.6</groovy-sql.version>
+        <hsqldb.version>2.4.0</hsqldb.version>
+        <spock-core.version>1.1-groovy-2.4</spock-core.version>
+        <gmavenplus-plugin.version>1.6</gmavenplus-plugin.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

core-groovy-strings/src/test/groovy/com/baeldung/removeprefix/RemovePrefixTest.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.baeldung.removeprefix
+
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class RemovePrefixTest {
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCasePrefixIsRemoved_thenReturnTrue() {
+        def trimPrefix = {
+            it.startsWith('Groovy-') ? it.minus('Groovy-') : it
+        }
+        
+        def actual = trimPrefix("Groovy-Tutorials at Baeldung")
+        def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung"
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPrefixIsRemoved_thenReturnTrue() {
+
+        String prefix = "groovy-"
+        String trimPrefix = "Groovy-Tutorials at Baeldung"
+        def actual;
+        if(trimPrefix.startsWithIgnoreCase(prefix)) {
+            actual = trimPrefix.substring(prefix.length())
+        }
+        
+        def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung"
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPrefixIsRemovedUsingRegex_thenReturnTrue() {
+
+        def regex = ~"^([Gg])roovy-"
+        String trimPrefix = "Groovy-Tutorials at Baeldung"
+        String actual = trimPrefix - regex
+        
+        def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung"
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+    }
+
+    @Test 
+    public void whenPrefixIsRemovedUsingReplaceFirst_thenReturnTrue() {
+        def regex = ~"^groovy" 
+        String trimPrefix = "groovyTutorials at Baeldung's groovy page" 
+        String actual = trimPrefix.replaceFirst(regex, "")
+        
+        def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung's groovy page"
+        
+        Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPrefixIsRemovedUsingReplaceAll_thenReturnTrue() {
+
+        String trimPrefix = "groovyTutorials at Baeldung groovy"
+        String actual = trimPrefix.replaceAll(/^groovy/, "")
+        
+        def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung groovy"
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppUnitTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import junit.framework.TestSuite;
 /**
  * Unit test for simple App.
  */
-public class AppTest 
+public class AppUnitTest
     extends TestCase
 {
     /**
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public class AppTest
      *
      * @param testName name of the test case
      */
-    public AppTest( String testName )
+    public AppUnitTest(String testName )
     {
         super( testName );
     }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class AppTest
      */
     public static Test suite()
     {
-        return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
+        return new TestSuite( AppUnitTest.class );
     }
 
     /**

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Core Java 11
+
+This module contains articles about Java 11 core features
+
+### Relevant articles
+- [Guide to Java 8 Optional](https://www.baeldung.com/java-optional)
+- [Guide to Java Reflection](http://www.baeldung.com/java-reflection)
+- [Guide to Java 8’s Collectors](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-collectors)

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project
+        xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-11-2</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>core-java-11-2</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+            <version>${guava.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>${maven.compiler.source.version}</source>
+                    <target>${maven.compiler.target.version}</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <properties>
+        <maven.compiler.source.version>11</maven.compiler.source.version>
+        <maven.compiler.target.version>11</maven.compiler.target.version>
+        <guava.version>29.0-jre</guava.version>
+        <assertj.version>3.17.2</assertj.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Animal.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public abstract class Animal implements Eating {
 

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Bird.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public class Bird extends Animal {
     private boolean walks;

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Eating.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public interface Eating {
     String eats();

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Goat.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public class Goat extends Animal implements Locomotion {
 

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greeter.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greetings.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 @Greeter(greet="Good morning")
 public class Greetings {

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Locomotion.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public interface Locomotion {
     String getLocomotion();

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Operations.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public class Operations {
 

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Person.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 public class Person {
     private String name;

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java

@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-package com.baeldung.streams.collectors;
+package com.baeldung.collectors;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.*;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.DoubleSummaryStatistics;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.BinaryOperator;
 import java.util.function.Function;
@@ -20,19 +13,7 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Collector;
 
 import static com.google.common.collect.Sets.newHashSet;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.averagingDouble;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.collectingAndThen;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.counting;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.groupingBy;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.maxBy;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.partitioningBy;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.summarizingDouble;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.summingDouble;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toCollection;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 
@@ -48,6 +29,14 @@ public class Java8CollectorsUnitTest {
         assertThat(result).containsAll(givenList);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectingToUnmodifiableList_shouldCollectToUnmodifiableList() {
+        final List<String> result = givenList.stream().collect(toUnmodifiableList());
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> result.add("foo"))
+          .isInstanceOf(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void whenCollectingToSet_shouldCollectToSet() throws Exception {
         final Set<String> result = givenList.stream().collect(toSet());
@@ -55,6 +44,14 @@ public class Java8CollectorsUnitTest {
         assertThat(result).containsAll(givenList);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectingToUnmodifiableSet_shouldCollectToUnmodifiableSet() {
+        final Set<String> result = givenList.stream().collect(toUnmodifiableSet());
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> result.add("foo"))
+          .isInstanceOf(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void givenContainsDuplicateElements_whenCollectingToSet_shouldAddDuplicateElementsOnlyOnce() throws Exception {
         final Set<String> result = listWithDuplicates.stream().collect(toSet());
@@ -84,6 +81,15 @@ public class Java8CollectorsUnitTest {
         assertThat(result).containsEntry("a", 1).containsEntry("bb", 2).containsEntry("ccc", 3).containsEntry("dd", 2);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void whenCollectingToUnmodifiableMap_shouldCollectToUnmodifiableMap() {
+        final Map<String, Integer> result = givenList.stream()
+          .collect(toUnmodifiableMap(Function.identity(), String::length));
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> result.put("foo", 3))
+                .isInstanceOf(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void whenCollectingToMapwWithDuplicates_shouldCollectToMapMergingTheIdenticalItems() throws Exception {
         final Map<String, Integer> result = listWithDuplicates.stream().collect(

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 public class OptionalChainingUnitTest {
 

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 public class OptionalUnitTest {
 
@@ -262,6 +264,12 @@ public class OptionalUnitTest {
             .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
     }
 
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+    public void whenNoArgOrElseThrowWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        String nullName = null;
+        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName).orElseThrow();
+    }
+
     public String getMyDefault() {
         LOG.debug("Getting default value...");
         return "Default Value";

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -32,23 +32,23 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
         final Class<?> clazz = goat.getClass();
 
         assertEquals("Goat", clazz.getSimpleName());
-        assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
-        assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenClassName_whenCreatesObject_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
+        final Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
 
         assertEquals("Goat", clazz.getSimpleName());
-        assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
-        assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenRecognisesModifiers_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
+        final Class<?> goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
-        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
         final int goatMods = goatClass.getModifiers();
         final int animalMods = animalClass.getModifiers();
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
         final Class<?> goatClass = goat.getClass();
         final Package pkg = goatClass.getPackage();
 
-        assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection", pkg.getName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection", pkg.getName());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsImplementedInterfaces_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
+        final Class<?> goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
-        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
         final Class<?>[] goatInterfaces = goatClass.getInterfaces();
         final Class<?>[] animalInterfaces = animalClass.getInterfaces();
 
@@ -94,16 +94,16 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsConstructor_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
+        final Class<?> goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
         final Constructor<?>[] constructors = goatClass.getConstructors();
 
         assertEquals(1, constructors.length);
-        assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", constructors[0].getName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", constructors[0].getName());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsFields_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
         final Field[] fields = animalClass.getDeclaredFields();
 
         final List<String> actualFields = getFieldNames(fields);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsMethods_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+        final Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
         final Method[] methods = animalClass.getDeclaredMethods();
         final List<String> actualMethods = getMethodNames(methods);
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsAllConstructors_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Constructor<?>[] constructors = birdClass.getConstructors();
 
         assertEquals(3, constructors.length);
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsEachConstructorByParamTypes_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         birdClass.getConstructor();
         birdClass.getConstructor(String.class);
         birdClass.getConstructor(String.class, boolean.class);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenInstantiatesObjectsAtRuntime_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
 
         final Constructor<?> cons1 = birdClass.getConstructor();
         final Constructor<?> cons2 = birdClass.getConstructor(String.class);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsPublicFields_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Field[] fields = birdClass.getFields();
         assertEquals(1, fields.length);
         assertEquals("CATEGORY", fields[0].getName());
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsPublicFieldByName_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Field field = birdClass.getField("CATEGORY");
         assertEquals("CATEGORY", field.getName());
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsDeclaredFields_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Field[] fields = birdClass.getDeclaredFields();
         assertEquals(1, fields.length);
         assertEquals("walks", fields[0].getName());
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsFieldsByName_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Field field = birdClass.getDeclaredField("walks");
         assertEquals("walks", field.getName());
 
@@ -192,14 +192,14 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClassField_whenGetsType_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Field field = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird").getDeclaredField("walks");
+        final Field field = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird").getDeclaredField("walks");
         final Class<?> fieldClass = field.getType();
         assertEquals("boolean", fieldClass.getSimpleName());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenClassField_whenSetsAndGetsValue_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Bird bird = (Bird) birdClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
         final Field field = birdClass.getDeclaredField("walks");
         field.setAccessible(true);
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClassField_whenGetsAndSetsWithNull_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Field field = birdClass.getField("CATEGORY");
         field.setAccessible(true);
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsAllPublicMethods_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Method[] methods = birdClass.getMethods();
         final List<String> methodNames = getMethodNames(methods);
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenClass_whenGetsOnlyDeclaredMethods_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final List<String> actualMethodNames = getMethodNames(birdClass.getDeclaredMethods());
 
         final List<String> expectedMethodNames = Arrays.asList("setWalks", "walks", "getSound", "eats");
@@ -248,24 +248,17 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenMethodName_whenGetsMethod_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Bird bird = new Bird();
-        final Method walksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("walks");
+        final Method walksMethod = bird.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("walks");
-        final Method setWalksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("setWalks", boolean.class);
+        final Method setWalksMethod = bird.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("setWalks", boolean.class);
-
-        assertFalse(walksMethod.isAccessible());
-        assertFalse(setWalksMethod.isAccessible());
-
-        walksMethod.setAccessible(true);
-        setWalksMethod.setAccessible(true);
-
-        assertTrue(walksMethod.isAccessible());
-        assertTrue(setWalksMethod.isAccessible());
 
+        assertTrue(walksMethod.canAccess(bird));
+        assertTrue(setWalksMethod.canAccess(bird));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenMethod_whenInvokes_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+        final Class<?> birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
         final Bird bird = (Bird) birdClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
         final Method setWalksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("setWalks", boolean.class);
         final Method walksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("walks");

core-java-modules/core-java-11/pom.xml

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
         <uberjar.name>benchmarks</uberjar.name>
         <jmh.version>1.22</jmh.version>
         <eclipse.collections.version>10.0.0</eclipse.collections.version>
-        <shade.plugin.version>10.0.0</shade.plugin.version>
+        <shade.plugin.version>3.2.4</shade.plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPIUnitTest.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class StringAPITest {
+public class StringAPIUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void whenPositiveArgument_thenReturnIndentedString() {

core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonUnitTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class PersonTest {
+public class PersonUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenSameNameAndAddress_whenEquals_thenPersonsEqual() {

core-java-modules/core-java-9/pom.xml

@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@
             <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
             <version>${commons-collections4.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+            <version>3.11</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
+            <version>2.7</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -77,6 +87,7 @@
         <maven.compiler.target>1.9</maven.compiler.target>
         <guava.version>25.1-jre</guava.version>
         <commons-collections4.version>4.1</commons-collections4.version>
+        <commons-collections3.version>3.2.2</commons-collections3.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesUnitTest.java

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 /**
  * Test case for the {@link MethodHandles} API
  */
-public class MethodHandlesTest {
+public class MethodHandlesUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenConcatMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenCorrectlyConcatenated() throws Throwable {

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/README.md

@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ This module contains complete guides about arrays in Java
 - [Arrays in Java: A Reference Guide](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arrays-guide)
 - [Guide to the java.util.Arrays Class](https://www.baeldung.com/java-util-arrays)
 - [What is \[Ljava.lang.Object;?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-tostring-array)
+- [Guide to ArrayStoreException](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arraystoreexception)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/README.md

@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@
 - [Quick Guide to the Java Stack](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stack)
 - [Convert an Array of Primitives to a List](https://www.baeldung.com/java-primitive-array-to-list)
 - [A Guide to BitSet in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-bitset)
+- [Get the First Key and Value From a HashMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashmap-get-first-entry)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/removeallperformance/HashSetBenchmark.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.removeallperformance;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+import com.baeldung.collections.containsperformance.Employee;
+
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 5)
+public class HashSetBenchmark {
+
+    @State(Scope.Thread)
+    public static class MyState {
+        private Set<Employee> employeeSet1 = new HashSet<>();
+        private List<Employee> employeeList1 = new ArrayList<>();
+        private Set<Employee> employeeSet2 = new HashSet<>();
+        private List<Employee> employeeList2 = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        private long set1Size = 60000;
+        private long list1Size = 50000;
+        private long set2Size = 50000;
+        private long list2Size = 60000;
+
+        @Setup(Level.Trial)
+        public void setUp() {
+
+            for (long i = 0; i < set1Size; i++) {
+                employeeSet1.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+            }
+
+            for (long i = 0; i < list1Size; i++) {
+                employeeList1.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+            }
+
+            for (long i = 0; i < set2Size; i++) {
+                employeeSet2.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+            }
+
+            for (long i = 0; i < list2Size; i++) {
+                employeeList2.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+            }
+
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public boolean given_SizeOfHashsetGreaterThanSizeOfCollection_When_RemoveAllFromHashSet_Then_GoodPerformance(MyState state) {
+        return state.employeeSet1.removeAll(state.employeeList1);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public boolean given_SizeOfHashsetSmallerThanSizeOfCollection_When_RemoveAllFromHashSet_Then_BadPerformance(MyState state) {
+        return state.employeeSet2.removeAll(state.employeeList2);
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        Options options = new OptionsBuilder().include(HashSetBenchmark.class.getSimpleName())
+            .threads(1)
+            .forks(1)
+            .shouldFailOnError(true)
+            .shouldDoGC(true)
+            .jvmArgs("-server")
+            .build();
+        new Runner(options).run();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/hashset/HashSetUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.hashset;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class HashSetUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenRemoveAllFromHashset_thenRemovesAllElementsFromHashsetThatArePresentInCollection() {
+        Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
+        Collection<Integer> collection = new ArrayList<>();
+        set.add(1);
+        set.add(2);
+        set.add(3);
+        set.add(4);
+        collection.add(1);
+        collection.add(3);
+
+        set.removeAll(collection);
+
+        assertEquals(2, set.size());
+        Integer[] actualElements = new Integer[set.size()];
+        Integer[] expectedElements = new Integer[] { 2, 4 };
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedElements, set.toArray(actualElements));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/mapfirstpair/MapFirstPairUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.mapfirstpair;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class MapFirstPairUnitTest {
+
+    private Map.Entry<Integer, String> getFirstPairUsingIterator(Map<Integer, String> map) {
+        if (map == null || map.size() == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> iterator = map.entrySet()
+            .iterator();
+
+        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            return iterator.next();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private Map.Entry<Integer, String> getFirstPairUsingStream(Map<Integer, String> map) {
+        if (map == null || map.size() == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
+
+        return entrySet.stream()
+            .findFirst()
+            .get();
+    }
+
+    private Map<Integer, String> populateMapValues(Map<Integer, String> map) {
+        if (map != null) {
+            map.put(5, "A");
+            map.put(1, "B");
+            map.put(2, "C");
+        }
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingIteratorForHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasNotInsertedFirst() {
+        Map<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+        hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(hashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(1, "B");
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> pairInsertedFirst = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(5, "A");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+        assertNotEquals(pairInsertedFirst, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingStreamForHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasNotInsertedFirst() {
+        Map<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+        hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(hashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(1, "B");
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> pairInsertedFirst = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(5, "A");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+        assertNotEquals(pairInsertedFirst, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingIteratorForLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasInsertedFirst() {
+        Map<Integer, String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(linkedHashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(5, "A");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingStreamForLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasInsertedFirst() {
+        Map<Integer, String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(linkedHashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(5, "A");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenAddedAnElementInHashMap_thenFirstPairChangedUsingIterator() {
+        Map<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+        hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+
+        hashMap.put(0, "D");
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(hashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(0, "D");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenAddedAnElementInHashMap_thenFirstPairChangedUsingStream() {
+        Map<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+        hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+
+        hashMap.put(0, "D");
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(hashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(0, "D");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenAddedAnElementInLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairRemainUnchangedUsingIterator() {
+        Map<Integer, String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+
+        linkedHashMap.put(0, "D");
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(linkedHashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(5, "A");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenAddedAnElementInLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairRemainUnchangedUsingStream() {
+        Map<Integer, String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+
+        linkedHashMap.put(0, "D");
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(linkedHashMap);
+        Map.Entry<Integer, String> expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, String>(5, "A");
+
+        assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/DateDiffUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package com.baeldung.date;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import org.joda.time.Days;
+import org.joda.time.Minutes;
+import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.TimeZone;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 
 public class DateDiffUnitTest {
 
@@ -29,18 +31,39 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
         long diffInMillies = Math.abs(secondDate.getTime() - firstDate.getTime());
         long diff = TimeUnit.DAYS.convert(diffInMillies, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 6);
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenDifferentiating_thenWeGetSix() {
+    public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenUsingPeriodGetDays_thenWorks() {
-        LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
+        LocalDate aDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 11);
-        LocalDate sixDaysBehind = now.minusDays(6);
+        LocalDate sixDaysBehind = aDate.minusDays(6);
 
-        Period period = Period.between(now, sixDaysBehind);
+        Period period = Period.between(aDate, sixDaysBehind);
         int diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 6);
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenUsingPeriodGetDays_thenDoesNotWork() {
+        LocalDate aDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 11);
+        LocalDate sixtyDaysBehind = aDate.minusDays(60);
+        Period period = Period.between(aDate, sixtyDaysBehind);
+        int diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+        //not equals
+        assertNotEquals(60, diff);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenUsingPeriod_thenWeGet0Year1Month29Days() {
+        LocalDate aDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 11);
+        LocalDate sixtyDaysBehind = aDate.minusDays(60);
+        Period period = Period.between(aDate, sixtyDaysBehind);
+        int years = Math.abs(period.getYears());
+        int months = Math.abs(period.getMonths());
+        int days = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1, 29 }, new int[] { years, months, days });
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -51,7 +74,7 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
         Duration duration = Duration.between(now, sixMinutesBehind);
         long diff = Math.abs(duration.toMinutes());
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 6);
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -61,7 +84,7 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
 
         long diff = ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(now, tenSecondsLater);
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 10);
+        assertEquals(10, diff);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -69,9 +92,9 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
         LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
         ZonedDateTime now = ldt.atZone(ZoneId.of("America/Montreal"));
         ZonedDateTime sixDaysBehind = now.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of("Asia/Singapore"))
-            .minusDays(6);
+                                         .minusDays(6);
         long diff = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(sixDaysBehind, now);
-        assertEquals(diff, 6);
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -81,7 +104,7 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
 
         long diff = now.until(tenSecondsLater, ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 10);
+        assertEquals(10, diff);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -89,10 +112,9 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
         org.joda.time.LocalDate now = org.joda.time.LocalDate.now();
         org.joda.time.LocalDate sixDaysBehind = now.minusDays(6);
 
-        org.joda.time.Period period = new org.joda.time.Period(now, sixDaysBehind);
+        long diff = Math.abs(Days.daysBetween(now, sixDaysBehind).getDays());
-        long diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 6);
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -100,8 +122,9 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
         org.joda.time.LocalDateTime now = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime.now();
         org.joda.time.LocalDateTime sixMinutesBehind = now.minusMinutes(6);
 
-        org.joda.time.Period period = new org.joda.time.Period(now, sixMinutesBehind);
+        long diff = Math.abs(Minutes.minutesBetween(now, sixMinutesBehind).getMinutes());
-        long diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
+
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -111,6 +134,6 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
 
         long diff = Math.abs(now.numDaysFrom(sixDaysBehind));
 
-        assertEquals(diff, 6);
+        assertEquals(6, diff);
     }
-}
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterUnitTest.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.sql.Timestamp;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 
-public class TimestampToStringConverterTest {
+public class TimestampToStringConverterUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenDatePattern_whenFormatting_thenResultingStringIsCorrect() {

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
 
 - [NoSuchMethodError in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-nosuchmethod-error)
+- [IllegalArgumentException or NullPointerException for a Null Parameter?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-illegalargumentexception-or-nullpointerexception)
+- [IllegalMonitorStateException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-illegalmonitorstateexception)

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/Data.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+public class Data {
+    private String message;
+
+    public void send(String message) {
+        this.message = message;
+    }
+
+    public String receive() {
+        return message;
+    }
+}
+

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedReceiver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class SynchronizedReceiver implements Runnable {
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SynchronizedReceiver.class);
+    private final Data data;
+    private String message;
+    private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+    public SynchronizedReceiver(Data data) {
+        this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        synchronized (data) {
+            try {
+                data.wait();
+                this.message = data.receive();
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+                log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+                illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+        return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+    }
+
+    public String getMessage() {
+        return message;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedSender.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class SynchronizedSender implements Runnable {
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SynchronizedSender.class);
+    private final Data data;
+    private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+    public SynchronizedSender(Data data) {
+        this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        synchronized (data) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(1000);
+
+                data.send("test");
+
+                data.notifyAll();
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+                log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+                illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+        return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedReceiver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class UnsynchronizedReceiver implements Runnable {
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnsynchronizedReceiver.class);
+    private final Data data;
+    private String message;
+    private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+    public UnsynchronizedReceiver(Data data) {
+        this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            data.wait();
+            this.message = data.receive();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+            log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+            illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+        return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+    }
+
+    public String getMessage() {
+        return message;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedSender.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class UnsynchronizedSender implements Runnable {
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnsynchronizedSender.class);
+    private final Data data;
+    private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+    public UnsynchronizedSender(Data data) {
+        this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+
+            data.send("test");
+
+            data.notifyAll();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+            log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+            illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+        return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/IllegalMonitorStateExceptionUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class IllegalMonitorStateExceptionUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenSyncSenderAndSyncReceiverAreUsed_thenIllegalMonitorExceptionShouldNotBeThrown() throws InterruptedException {
+        Data data = new Data();
+
+        SynchronizedReceiver receiver = new SynchronizedReceiver(data);
+        Thread receiverThread = new Thread(receiver, "receiver-thread");
+        receiverThread.start();
+
+        SynchronizedSender sender = new SynchronizedSender(data);
+        Thread senderThread = new Thread(sender, "sender-thread");
+        senderThread.start();
+
+        senderThread.join(1000);
+        receiverThread.join(1000);
+
+        assertEquals("test", receiver.getMessage());
+        assertFalse(sender.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+        assertFalse(receiver.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenSyncSenderAndUnSyncReceiverAreUsed_thenIllegalMonitorExceptionShouldNotBeThrown() throws InterruptedException {
+        Data data = new Data();
+
+        UnsynchronizedReceiver receiver = new UnsynchronizedReceiver(data);
+        Thread receiverThread = new Thread(receiver, "receiver-thread");
+        receiverThread.start();
+
+        SynchronizedSender sender = new SynchronizedSender(data);
+        Thread senderThread = new Thread(sender, "sender-thread");
+        senderThread.start();
+
+
+        receiverThread.join(1000);
+        senderThread.join(1000);
+
+        assertNull(receiver.getMessage());
+        assertFalse(sender.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+        assertTrue(receiver.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUnSyncSenderAndSyncReceiverAreUsed_thenIllegalMonitorExceptionShouldBeThrown() throws InterruptedException {
+        Data data = new Data();
+
+        SynchronizedReceiver receiver = new SynchronizedReceiver(data);
+        Thread receiverThread = new Thread(receiver, "receiver-thread");
+        receiverThread.start();
+
+        UnsynchronizedSender sender = new UnsynchronizedSender(data);
+        Thread senderThread = new Thread(sender, "sender-thread");
+        senderThread.start();
+
+
+        receiverThread.join(1000);
+        senderThread.join(1000);
+
+        assertNull(receiver.getMessage());
+        assertFalse(receiver.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+        assertTrue(sender.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/README.md

@@ -9,4 +9,7 @@ This module contains articles about core Java input and output (IO)
 - [Check If a File or Directory Exists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-directory-exists)
 - [Copy a Directory in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-directory)
 - [Java Files Open Options](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-options)
+- [Creating Temporary Directories in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-temp-directories)
+- [Reading a Line at a Given Line Number From a File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-read-line-at-number)
+- [Find the Last Modified File in a Directory with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-last-modified-file)
 - [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lastmodifiedfile/LastModifiedFileApp.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.baeldung.lastmodifiedfile;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileFilter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.comparator.LastModifiedFileComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileFilterUtils;
+
+public class LastModifiedFileApp {
+
+    public static File findUsingIOApi(String sdir) {
+        File dir = new File(sdir);
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            Optional<File> opFile = Arrays.stream(dir.listFiles(File::isFile))
+              .max((f1, f2) -> Long.compare(f1.lastModified(), f2.lastModified()));
+
+            if (opFile.isPresent()) {
+                return opFile.get();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Path findUsingNIOApi(String sdir) throws IOException {
+        Path dir = Paths.get(sdir);
+        if (Files.isDirectory(dir)) {
+            Optional<Path> opPath = Files.list(dir)
+              .filter(p -> !Files.isDirectory(p))
+              .sorted((p1, p2) -> Long.valueOf(p2.toFile().lastModified())
+                .compareTo(p1.toFile().lastModified()))
+              .findFirst();
+
+            if (opPath.isPresent()) {
+                return opPath.get();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static File findUsingCommonsIO(String sdir) {
+        File dir = new File(sdir);
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            File[] dirFiles = dir.listFiles((FileFilter) FileFilterUtils.fileFileFilter());
+            if (dirFiles != null && dirFiles.length > 0) {
+                Arrays.sort(dirFiles, LastModifiedFileComparator.LASTMODIFIED_REVERSE);
+                return dirFiles[0];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/emptiness/DirectoryEmptinessUnitTest.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ public class DirectoryEmptinessUnitTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenPath_whenNotDirectory_thenReturnsFalse() throws IOException {
+    public void givenPath_whenNotDirectory_thenReturnsFalse() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        Path aFile = Paths.get(getClass().getResource("/notDir.txt").getPath());
+        Path aFile = Paths.get(getClass().getResource("/notDir.txt").toURI());
         assertThat(isEmpty(aFile)).isFalse();
     }
 

core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/existence/ExistenceUnitTest.java

@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.*;
-import java.nio.file.LinkOption;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -47,8 +44,18 @@ public class ExistenceUnitTest {
     public void givenSymbolicLink_whenTargetDoesNotExists_thenFollowOrNotBasedOnTheOptions() throws IOException {
         Path target = Files.createTempFile("baeldung", "target");
         Path symbol = Paths.get("test-link-" + ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
+        Path symbolicLink = null;
+
+        try {
+            symbolicLink = Files.createSymbolicLink(symbol, target);
+        } catch (FileSystemException ex) {
+            System.out.println("Your OS security policy prevents the current user from creating symbolic links.\n" +
+                    "Most probably you're running Windows with UAC.\n" +
+                    "If this is the case, please see - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/create-symbolic-links\n" +
+                    "You must change your security settings to run this test under Windows.");
+            return;
+        }
 
-        Path symbolicLink = Files.createSymbolicLink(symbol, target);
         assertTrue(Files.exists(symbolicLink));
         assertTrue(Files.isSymbolicLink(symbolicLink));
         assertFalse(Files.isSymbolicLink(target));

core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lastmodifiedfile/LastModifiedFileAppUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.baeldung.lastmodifiedfile;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class LastModifiedFileAppUnitTest {
+
+    private final static String SOURCEDIRECTORY = "src/test/resources/lastmodfiles";
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    public static void setUpFiles() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File srcDir = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+        if (!srcDir.exists()) {
+            srcDir.mkdir();
+        }
+
+        FileUtils.cleanDirectory(srcDir);
+
+        File file01 = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file01.txt");
+        file01.createNewFile();
+
+        Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+        File file02 = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file02.txt");
+        file02.createNewFile();
+
+        Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+        File file03 = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file03.txt");
+        file03.createNewFile();
+
+        Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+        Files.write(Paths.get(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file02.txt"), "Hello File02".getBytes());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDirectory_whenUsingIoApi_thenFindLastModfile() throws IOException {
+        File lastModFile = LastModifiedFileApp.findUsingIOApi(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+
+        assertThat(lastModFile).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(lastModFile.getName()).isEqualTo("file02.txt");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDirectory_whenUsingNioApi_thenFindLastModfile() throws IOException {
+        Path lastModPath = LastModifiedFileApp.findUsingNIOApi(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+
+        assertThat(lastModPath).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(lastModPath.toFile().getName()).isEqualTo("file02.txt");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDirectory_whenUsingApacheCommons_thenFindLastModfile() throws IOException {
+        File lastModFile = LastModifiedFileApp.findUsingCommonsIO(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+
+        assertThat(lastModFile).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(lastModFile.getName()).isEqualTo("file02.txt");
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    public static void cleanUp() throws IOException {
+        File srcDir = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(srcDir);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tempdirectory/TemporaryDirectoriesUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package com.baeldung.tempdirectory;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests several possibilities on how to create
+ * temporary directories.
+ *
+ * @author Rui Vilao (rpvilao@gmail.com)
+ */
+public class TemporaryDirectoriesUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTempDirWithPrefixNoTargetSpecified_whenCreateWithPlainJava_thenInsideOSTempDirStructure() throws IOException {
+        final String tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory("tmpDirPrefix").toFile().getAbsolutePath();
+        final String tmpDirsLocation = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+
+        assertThat(tmpdir).startsWith(tmpDirsLocation);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTempDirWithPrefixNoTargetSpecified_whenCreateWithGuava_thenInsideOSTempDirStructure() throws IOException {
+        final String tmpdir = com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir().getAbsolutePath();
+        final String tmpDirsLocation = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+
+        assertThat(tmpdir).startsWith(tmpDirsLocation);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTempDirWithPrefixNoTargetSpecified_whenCreateWithApacheCommonsIo_thenInsideOSTempDirStructure() throws IOException {
+        final String tmpDirsLocation = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+        final Path path = Paths.get(FileUtils.getTempDirectory().getAbsolutePath(), UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+        final String tmpdir = Files.createDirectories(path).toFile().getAbsolutePath();
+
+        assertThat(tmpdir).startsWith(tmpDirsLocation);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTempDirWithPrefixWithTargetSpecified_whenCreatePlainJava_thenInsideTarget() throws IOException {
+        final Path tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory(Paths.get("target"), "tmpDirPrefix");
+        assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().getPath()).startsWith("target");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTempDirWithPrefixWithTargetSpecifiedWithDeleteOnExit_whenCreatePlainJava_thenInsideTarget() throws IOException {
+        final Path tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory(Paths.get("target"), "tmpDirPrefix");
+        assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().getPath()).startsWith("target");
+        tmpdir.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+        // we can really assert this test, just as an example.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTempDirWithPrefixWithFileAttrs_whenCreatePlainJava_thenAttributesAreSet() throws IOException {
+        boolean isPosix = FileSystems.getDefault().supportedFileAttributeViews().contains("posix");
+
+        if(!isPosix){
+            System.out.println("You must be under a Posix Compliant Filesystem to run this test.");
+        } else {
+            final FileAttribute<Set<PosixFilePermission>> attrs = PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(PosixFilePermissions.fromString("r--------"));
+
+            final Path tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory(Paths.get("target"), "tmpDirPrefix", attrs);
+            assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().getPath()).startsWith("target");
+            assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().canWrite()).isFalse();
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/pom.xml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.baeldung.servicemodule</groupId>
-            <artifactId>servicemodule</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>servicemodule1</artifactId>
             <version>${servicemodule.version}</version>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/pom.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>servicemodule</artifactId>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.servicemodule</groupId>
+    <artifactId>servicemodule1</artifactId>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
     <parent>

core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/providermodule/pom.xml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.baeldung.servicemodule</groupId>
-            <artifactId>servicemodule</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>servicemodule2</artifactId>
             <version>${servicemodule.version}</version>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/pom.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>servicemodule</artifactId>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.servicemodule</groupId>
+    <artifactId>servicemodule2</artifactId>
     <version>1.0</version>
 
     <parent>

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/README.md

@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ This module contains articles about core features in the Java language
 - [Class.isInstance vs Class.isAssignableFrom](https://www.baeldung.com/java-isinstance-isassignablefrom)
 - [Converting a Java String Into a Boolean](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-to-boolean)
 - [When are Static Variables Initialized in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-static-variables-initialization)
+- [Checking if a Class Exists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-class-exists)
+- [The Difference Between a.getClass() and A.class in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-getclass-vs-class)
 - [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Animal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public class Animal {
+    protected int numberOfEyes;
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Monkey.java

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public class Monkey extends Animal {
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeAbstractClass.java

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public abstract class SomeAbstractClass {
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeInterface.java

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+interface SomeInterface {
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public class SomeUtils {
+    private SomeUtils() {
+        throw new RuntimeException("This Util class is not allowed to be instantiated!");
+    }
+    //  public static utilMethods
+    //  ...
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/checkclassexistence/CheckClassExistenceUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.checkclassexistence;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CheckClassExistenceUnitTest {
+
+    public static class InitializingClass {
+        static {
+            if (true) { //enable throwing of an exception in a static initialization block
+                throw new RuntimeException();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = ClassNotFoundException.class) //thrown when class does not exist
+    public void givenNonExistingClass_whenUsingForName_thenClassNotFound() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        Class.forName("class.that.does.not.exist");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenExistingClass_whenUsingForName_thenNoException() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        Class.forName("java.lang.String");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = ExceptionInInitializerError.class) //thrown when exception occurs inside of a static initialization block
+    public void givenInitializingClass_whenUsingForName_thenInitializationError() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        Class.forName("com.baeldung.checkclassexistence.CheckClassExistenceUnitTest$InitializingClass");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInitializingClass_whenUsingForNameWithoutInitialization_thenNoException() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        Class.forName("com.baeldung.checkclassexistence.CheckClassExistenceUnitTest$InitializingClass", false, getClass().getClassLoader());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/GetClassObjectUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class GetClassObjectUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenObjectAndType_whenGettingClassObject_thenTwoMethodsHaveTheSameResult() {
+        String str = "I am an object of the String class";
+        Class fromStrObject = str.getClass();
+        Class clazz = String.class;
+        assertSame(fromStrObject, clazz);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenClassInheritance_whenGettingRuntimeTypeAndStaticType_thenGetDifferentResult() {
+        Animal animal = new Monkey();
+        Class runtimeType = animal.getClass();
+        Class staticType = Animal.class;
+        //Not equals
+        assertNotEquals(staticType, runtimeType);
+
+        Class monkeyClass = Monkey.class;
+        assertSame(runtimeType, monkeyClass);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveType_whenGettingClassObject_thenOnlyStaticTypeWorks() {
+        int number = 7;
+        // Class numberClass = number.getClass();   <-- compilation error
+        Class intType = int.class;
+
+        assertNotNull(intType);
+        assertEquals("int", intType.getName());
+        assertTrue(intType.isPrimitive());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTypeCannotInstantiate_whenGetTypeStatically_thenGetTypesSuccefully() {
+        Class interfaceType = SomeInterface.class;
+        Class abstractClassType = SomeAbstractClass.class;
+        Class utilClassType = SomeUtils.class;
+
+        assertNotNull(interfaceType);
+        assertTrue(interfaceType.isInterface());
+        assertEquals("SomeInterface", interfaceType.getSimpleName());
+
+        assertNotNull(abstractClassType);
+        assertEquals("SomeAbstractClass", abstractClassType.getSimpleName());
+
+        assertNotNull(utilClassType);
+        assertEquals("SomeUtils", utilClassType.getSimpleName());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/README.md

@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@
 - [Convert Latitude and Longitude to a 2D Point in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-latitude-longitude)
 - [Debugging with Eclipse](https://www.baeldung.com/eclipse-debugging)
 - [Matrix Multiplication in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-matrix-multiplication)
+- [Largest Power of 2 That Is Less Than the Given Number](https://www.baeldung.com/java-largest-power-of-2-less-than-number)
 - More articles: [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/README.md

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ This module contains articles about methods in Java
 - [Java equals() and hashCode() Contracts](https://www.baeldung.com/java-equals-hashcode-contracts)
 - [Guide to hashCode() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashcode)
 - [The Covariant Return Type in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-covariant-return-type)
+- [Does a Method’s Signature Include the Return Type in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-method-signature-return-type)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/OverloadingErrors.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.baeldung.signature;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class OverloadingErrors<T extends Serializable> {
+
+    public void print() {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+    }
+
+    /*
+    // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print() is already defined in class
+    // The method signature is independent from return type
+    public int print() {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print() is already defined in class
+    // The method signature is independent from modifiers
+    private final void print() {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print() is already defined in class
+    // The method signature is independent from thrown exception declaration
+    public void print() throws IllegalStateException {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+        throw new IllegalStateException();
+    }
+    */
+
+    public void print(int parameter) {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print(int)");
+    }
+
+    /*
+    // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print(int) is already defined in class
+    // The method signature is independent from parameter names
+    public void print(int anotherParameter) {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print(int)");
+    }
+    */
+
+    public void printElement(T t) {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: printElement(T)");
+    }
+
+    /*
+    // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: name clash: printElement(java.io.Serializable) and printElement(T) have the same erasure
+    // Even though the signatures appear different, the compiler cannot statically bind the correct method after type erasure
+    public void printElement(Serializable o) {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: printElement(Serializable)");
+    }
+    */
+
+    public void print(Object... parameter) {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print(Object...)");
+    }
+
+    /*
+    // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java cannot declare both sum(Object...) and sum(Object[])
+    // Even though the signatures appear different, after compilation they both resolve to sum(Object[])
+    public void print(Object[] parameter) {
+        System.out.println("Signature is: print(Object[])");
+    }
+    */
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/StaticBinding.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.signature;
+
+public class StaticBinding {
+
+    public Number sum(Integer term1, Integer term2) {
+        System.out.println("Adding integers");
+        return term1 + term2;
+    }
+
+    public Number sum(Number term1, Number term2) {
+        System.out.println("Adding numbers");
+        return term1.doubleValue() + term2.doubleValue();
+    }
+
+    public Number sum(Object term1, Object term2) {
+        System.out.println("Adding objects");
+        return term1.hashCode() + term2.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    public Number sum(Object term1, Object... term2) {
+        System.out.println("Adding variable arguments: " + term2.length);
+        int result = term1.hashCode();
+        for (Object o : term2) {
+            result += o.hashCode();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        StaticBinding obj = new StaticBinding();
+
+        obj.sum(2, 3); // "Adding integers" due to auto-boxing from int to Integer
+        obj.sum(Integer.valueOf(2), Integer.valueOf(3)); // "Adding integers" due to exact parameter types
+        obj.sum(2, 0x1); // "Adding integers" due to type promotion from byte to int
+
+        obj.sum((Number) 2, (Number) 3); // "Adding numbers" due to explicit cast to Number
+        obj.sum(2.0d, 3.0d); // "Adding numbers" due to auto-boxing from double to Double
+        obj.sum(Float.valueOf(2), Float.valueOf(3)); // "Adding numbers" due to polimorphism
+
+        obj.sum((Object) 2, (Object) 3); // "Adding objects" due to explicit cast to Object
+        obj.sum(2, "John"); // "Adding objects" due to polimorphism
+
+        obj.sum(new Object(), new Object(), new Object()); // "Adding variable arguments 2"
+        obj.sum(new Object(), new Object[]{new Object()}); // "Adding variable arguments 1"
+    }
+}