Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/automata/FiniteStateMachine.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.automata;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.automata;
 
 /**
  * Finite state machine.

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/automata/RtFiniteStateMachine.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.automata;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.automata;
 
 /**
  * Default implementation of a finite state machine.

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/automata/RtState.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.automata;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.automata;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/automata/RtTransition.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.automata;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.automata;
 
 
 /**

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/automata/State.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.automata;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.automata;
 
 /**
  * State. Part of a finite state machine.

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/automata/Transition.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.automata;
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.automata;
 
 /**
  * Transition in a finite State machine.

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/montecarlo/MonteCarloTreeSearch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe.Board;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tree.Node;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tree.Tree;
+
+public class MonteCarloTreeSearch {
+
+    private static final int WIN_SCORE = 10;
+    private int level;
+    private int oponent;
+
+    public MonteCarloTreeSearch() {
+        this.level = 3;
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel() {
+        return level;
+    }
+
+    public void setLevel(int level) {
+        this.level = level;
+    }
+
+    private int getMillisForCurrentLevel() {
+        return 2 * (this.level - 1) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public Board findNextMove(Board board, int playerNo) {
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long end = start + 60 * getMillisForCurrentLevel();
+
+        oponent = 3 - playerNo;
+        Tree tree = new Tree();
+        Node rootNode = tree.getRoot();
+        rootNode.getState().setBoard(board);
+        rootNode.getState().setPlayerNo(oponent);
+
+        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < end) {
+            // Phase 1 - Selection
+            Node promisingNode = selectPromisingNode(rootNode);
+            // Phase 2 - Expansion
+            if (promisingNode.getState().getBoard().checkStatus() == Board.IN_PROGRESS)
+                expandNode(promisingNode);
+
+            // Phase 3 - Simulation
+            Node nodeToExplore = promisingNode;
+            if (promisingNode.getChildArray().size() > 0) {
+                nodeToExplore = promisingNode.getRandomChildNode();
+            }
+            int playoutResult = simulateRandomPlayout(nodeToExplore);
+            // Phase 4 - Update
+            backPropogation(nodeToExplore, playoutResult);
+        }
+
+        Node winnerNode = rootNode.getChildWithMaxScore();
+        tree.setRoot(winnerNode);
+        return winnerNode.getState().getBoard();
+    }
+
+    private Node selectPromisingNode(Node rootNode) {
+        Node node = rootNode;
+        while (node.getChildArray().size() != 0) {
+            node = UCT.findBestNodeWithUCT(node);
+        }
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    private void expandNode(Node node) {
+        List<State> possibleStates = node.getState().getAllPossibleStates();
+        possibleStates.forEach(state -> {
+            Node newNode = new Node(state);
+            newNode.setParent(node);
+            newNode.getState().setPlayerNo(node.getState().getOpponent());
+            node.getChildArray().add(newNode);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void backPropogation(Node nodeToExplore, int playerNo) {
+        Node tempNode = nodeToExplore;
+        while (tempNode != null) {
+            tempNode.getState().incrementVisit();
+            if (tempNode.getState().getPlayerNo() == playerNo)
+                tempNode.getState().addScore(WIN_SCORE);
+            tempNode = tempNode.getParent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int simulateRandomPlayout(Node node) {
+        Node tempNode = new Node(node);
+        State tempState = tempNode.getState();
+        int boardStatus = tempState.getBoard().checkStatus();
+
+        if (boardStatus == oponent) {
+            tempNode.getParent().getState().setWinScore(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+            return boardStatus;
+        }
+        while (boardStatus == Board.IN_PROGRESS) {
+            tempState.togglePlayer();
+            tempState.randomPlay();
+            boardStatus = tempState.getBoard().checkStatus();
+        }
+
+        return boardStatus;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/montecarlo/State.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe.Board;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe.Position;
+
+public class State {
+    private Board board;
+    private int playerNo;
+    private int visitCount;
+    private double winScore;
+
+    public State() {
+        board = new Board();
+    }
+
+    public State(State state) {
+        this.board = new Board(state.getBoard());
+        this.playerNo = state.getPlayerNo();
+        this.visitCount = state.getVisitCount();
+        this.winScore = state.getWinScore();
+    }
+
+    public State(Board board) {
+        this.board = new Board(board);
+    }
+
+    Board getBoard() {
+        return board;
+    }
+
+    void setBoard(Board board) {
+        this.board = board;
+    }
+
+    int getPlayerNo() {
+        return playerNo;
+    }
+
+    void setPlayerNo(int playerNo) {
+        this.playerNo = playerNo;
+    }
+
+    int getOpponent() {
+        return 3 - playerNo;
+    }
+
+    public int getVisitCount() {
+        return visitCount;
+    }
+
+    public void setVisitCount(int visitCount) {
+        this.visitCount = visitCount;
+    }
+
+    double getWinScore() {
+        return winScore;
+    }
+
+    void setWinScore(double winScore) {
+        this.winScore = winScore;
+    }
+
+    public List<State> getAllPossibleStates() {
+        List<State> possibleStates = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Position> availablePositions = this.board.getEmptyPositions();
+        availablePositions.forEach(p -> {
+            State newState = new State(this.board);
+            newState.setPlayerNo(3 - this.playerNo);
+            newState.getBoard().performMove(newState.getPlayerNo(), p);
+            possibleStates.add(newState);
+        });
+        return possibleStates;
+    }
+
+    void incrementVisit() {
+        this.visitCount++;
+    }
+
+    void addScore(double score) {
+        if (this.winScore != Integer.MIN_VALUE)
+            this.winScore += score;
+    }
+
+    void randomPlay() {
+        List<Position> availablePositions = this.board.getEmptyPositions();
+        int totalPossibilities = availablePositions.size();
+        int selectRandom = (int) (Math.random() * ((totalPossibilities - 1) + 1));
+        this.board.performMove(this.playerNo, availablePositions.get(selectRandom));
+    }
+
+    void togglePlayer() {
+        this.playerNo = 3 - this.playerNo;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/montecarlo/UCT.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tree.Node;
+
+public class UCT {
+
+    public static double uctValue(int totalVisit, double nodeWinScore, int nodeVisit) {
+        if (nodeVisit == 0) {
+            return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        }
+        return (nodeWinScore / (double) nodeVisit) + 1.41 * Math.sqrt(Math.log(totalVisit) / (double) nodeVisit);
+    }
+
+    static Node findBestNodeWithUCT(Node node) {
+        int parentVisit = node.getState().getVisitCount();
+        return Collections.max(
+          node.getChildArray(),
+          Comparator.comparing(c -> uctValue(parentVisit, c.getState().getWinScore(), c.getState().getVisitCount())));
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/tictactoe/Board.java

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Board {
+    int[][] boardValues;
+    int totalMoves;
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE = 3;
+
+    public static final int IN_PROGRESS = -1;
+    public static final int DRAW = 0;
+    public static final int P1 = 1;
+    public static final int P2 = 2;
+
+    public Board() {
+        boardValues = new int[DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE][DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE];
+    }
+
+    public Board(int boardSize) {
+        boardValues = new int[boardSize][boardSize];
+    }
+
+    public Board(int[][] boardValues) {
+        this.boardValues = boardValues;
+    }
+
+    public Board(int[][] boardValues, int totalMoves) {
+        this.boardValues = boardValues;
+        this.totalMoves = totalMoves;
+    }
+
+    public Board(Board board) {
+        int boardLength = board.getBoardValues().length;
+        this.boardValues = new int[boardLength][boardLength];
+        int[][] boardValues = board.getBoardValues();
+        int n = boardValues.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            int m = boardValues[i].length;
+            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+                this.boardValues[i][j] = boardValues[i][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void performMove(int player, Position p) {
+        this.totalMoves++;
+        boardValues[p.getX()][p.getY()] = player;
+    }
+
+    public int[][] getBoardValues() {
+        return boardValues;
+    }
+
+    public void setBoardValues(int[][] boardValues) {
+        this.boardValues = boardValues;
+    }
+
+    public int checkStatus() {
+        int boardSize = boardValues.length;
+        int maxIndex = boardSize - 1;
+        int[] diag1 = new int[boardSize];
+        int[] diag2 = new int[boardSize];
+        
+        for (int i = 0; i < boardSize; i++) {
+            int[] row = boardValues[i];
+            int[] col = new int[boardSize];
+            for (int j = 0; j < boardSize; j++) {
+                col[j] = boardValues[j][i];
+            }
+            
+            int checkRowForWin = checkForWin(row);
+            if(checkRowForWin!=0)
+                return checkRowForWin;
+            
+            int checkColForWin = checkForWin(col);
+            if(checkColForWin!=0)
+                return checkColForWin;
+            
+            diag1[i] = boardValues[i][i];
+            diag2[i] = boardValues[maxIndex - i][i];
+        }
+
+        int checkDia1gForWin = checkForWin(diag1);
+        if(checkDia1gForWin!=0)
+            return checkDia1gForWin;
+        
+        int checkDiag2ForWin = checkForWin(diag2);
+        if(checkDiag2ForWin!=0)
+            return checkDiag2ForWin;
+        
+        if (getEmptyPositions().size() > 0)
+            return IN_PROGRESS;
+        else
+            return DRAW;
+    }
+
+    private int checkForWin(int[] row) {
+        boolean isEqual = true;
+        int size = row.length;
+        int previous = row[0];
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            if (previous != row[i]) {
+                isEqual = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            previous = row[i];
+        }
+        if(isEqual)
+            return previous;
+        else
+            return 0;
+    }
+
+    public void printBoard() {
+        int size = this.boardValues.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                System.out.print(boardValues[i][j] + " ");
+            }
+            System.out.println();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<Position> getEmptyPositions() {
+        int size = this.boardValues.length;
+        List<Position> emptyPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                if (boardValues[i][j] == 0)
+                    emptyPositions.add(new Position(i, j));
+            }
+        }
+        return emptyPositions;
+    }
+
+    public void printStatus() {
+        switch (this.checkStatus()) {
+        case P1:
+            System.out.println("Player 1 wins");
+            break;
+        case P2:
+            System.out.println("Player 2 wins");
+            break;
+        case DRAW:
+            System.out.println("Game Draw");
+            break;
+        case IN_PROGRESS:
+            System.out.println("Game In rogress");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/tictactoe/Position.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe;
+
+public class Position {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+
+    public Position() {
+    }
+
+    public Position(int x, int y) {
+        this.x = x;
+        this.y = y;
+    }
+
+    public int getX() {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public void setX(int x) {
+        this.x = x;
+    }
+
+    public int getY() {
+        return y;
+    }
+
+    public void setY(int y) {
+        this.y = y;
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/tree/Node.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tree;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo.State;
+
+public class Node {
+    State state;
+    Node parent;
+    List<Node> childArray;
+
+    public Node() {
+        this.state = new State();
+        childArray = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    public Node(State state) {
+        this.state = state;
+        childArray = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    public Node(State state, Node parent, List<Node> childArray) {
+        this.state = state;
+        this.parent = parent;
+        this.childArray = childArray;
+    }
+
+    public Node(Node node) {
+        this.childArray = new ArrayList<>();
+        this.state = new State(node.getState());
+        if (node.getParent() != null)
+            this.parent = node.getParent();
+        List<Node> childArray = node.getChildArray();
+        for (Node child : childArray) {
+            this.childArray.add(new Node(child));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public State getState() {
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    public void setState(State state) {
+        this.state = state;
+    }
+
+    public Node getParent() {
+        return parent;
+    }
+
+    public void setParent(Node parent) {
+        this.parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    public List<Node> getChildArray() {
+        return childArray;
+    }
+
+    public void setChildArray(List<Node> childArray) {
+        this.childArray = childArray;
+    }
+
+    public Node getRandomChildNode() {
+        int noOfPossibleMoves = this.childArray.size();
+        int selectRandom = (int) (Math.random() * ((noOfPossibleMoves - 1) + 1));
+        return this.childArray.get(selectRandom);
+    }
+
+    public Node getChildWithMaxScore() {
+        return Collections.max(this.childArray, Comparator.comparing(c -> {
+            return c.getState().getVisitCount();
+        }));
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/mcts/tree/Tree.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tree;
+
+public class Tree {
+    Node root;
+
+    public Tree() {
+        root = new Node();
+    }
+
+    public Tree(Node root) {
+        this.root = root;
+    }
+
+    public Node getRoot() {
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    public void setRoot(Node root) {
+        this.root = root;
+    }
+
+    public void addChild(Node parent, Node child) {
+        parent.getChildArray().add(child);
+    }
+
+}

algorithms/src/test/java/algorithms/RtFiniteStateMachineLongRunningUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package algorithms;
 
-import com.baeldung.automata.*;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.automata.*;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

algorithms/src/test/java/algorithms/mcts/MCTSTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package algorithms.mcts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo.MonteCarloTreeSearch;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo.State;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.montecarlo.UCT;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe.Board;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tictactoe.Position;
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.mcts.tree.Tree;
+
+public class MCTSTest {
+    private Tree gameTree;
+    private MonteCarloTreeSearch mcts;
+
+    @Before
+    public void initGameTree() {
+        gameTree = new Tree();
+        mcts = new MonteCarloTreeSearch();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenStats_whenGetUCTForNode_thenUCTMatchesWithManualData() {
+        double uctValue = 15.79;
+        assertEquals(UCT.uctValue(600, 300, 20), uctValue, 0.01);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void giveninitBoardState_whenGetAllPossibleStates_thenNonEmptyList() {
+        State initState = gameTree.getRoot().getState();
+        List<State> possibleStates = initState.getAllPossibleStates();
+        assertTrue(possibleStates.size() > 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEmptyBoard_whenPerformMove_thenLessAvailablePossitions() {
+        Board board = new Board();
+        int initAvailablePositions = board.getEmptyPositions().size();
+        board.performMove(Board.P1, new Position(1, 1));
+        int availablePositions = board.getEmptyPositions().size();
+        assertTrue(initAvailablePositions > availablePositions);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEmptyBoard_whenSimulateInterAIPlay_thenGameDraw() {
+        Board board = new Board();
+
+        int player = Board.P1;
+        int totalMoves = Board.DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE * Board.DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE;
+        for (int i = 0; i < totalMoves; i++) {
+            board = mcts.findNextMove(board, player);
+            if (board.checkStatus() != -1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            player = 3 - player;
+        }
+        int winStatus = board.checkStatus();
+        assertEquals(winStatus, Board.DRAW);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEmptyBoard_whenLevel1VsLevel3_thenLevel3WinsOrDraw() {
+        Board board = new Board();
+        MonteCarloTreeSearch mcts1 = new MonteCarloTreeSearch();
+        mcts1.setLevel(1);
+        MonteCarloTreeSearch mcts3 = new MonteCarloTreeSearch();
+        mcts3.setLevel(3);
+
+        int player = Board.P1;
+        int totalMoves = Board.DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE * Board.DEFAULT_BOARD_SIZE;
+        for (int i = 0; i < totalMoves; i++) {
+            if (player == Board.P1)
+                board = mcts3.findNextMove(board, player);
+            else
+                board = mcts1.findNextMove(board, player);
+
+            if (board.checkStatus() != -1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            player = 3 - player;
+        }
+        int winStatus = board.checkStatus();
+        assertTrue(winStatus == Board.DRAW || winStatus == Board.P1);
+    }
+
+}

drools/README.MD

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+[Introduction to Drools](http://www.baeldung.com/drools)
+[Drools Using Rules from Excel Files](http://www.baeldung.com/drools-excel)

drools/pom.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
     <properties>
         <http-component-version>4.4.6</http-component-version>
-        <drools-version>7.0.0.CR1</drools-version>
+        <drools-version>7.1.0.Beta2</drools-version>
         <apache-poi-version>3.13</apache-poi-version>
     </properties>
 

drools/src/main/java/com/baeldung/drools/config/DroolsBeanFactory.java

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 package com.baeldung.drools.config;
 
+import org.drools.decisiontable.DecisionTableProviderImpl;
 import org.kie.api.KieServices;
 import org.kie.api.builder.*;
 import org.kie.api.io.KieResources;
+import org.kie.api.io.Resource;
 import org.kie.api.runtime.KieContainer;
 import org.kie.api.runtime.KieSession;
+import org.kie.internal.builder.DecisionTableConfiguration;
+import org.kie.internal.builder.DecisionTableInputType;
+import org.kie.internal.builder.KnowledgeBuilderFactory;
 import org.kie.internal.io.ResourceFactory;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -64,4 +69,39 @@ public class DroolsBeanFactory {
 
     }
 
-}
+    public KieSession getKieSession(Resource dt) {
+        KieFileSystem kieFileSystem = kieServices.newKieFileSystem()
+            .write(dt);
+
+        KieBuilder kieBuilder = kieServices.newKieBuilder(kieFileSystem)
+            .buildAll();
+
+        KieRepository kieRepository = kieServices.getRepository();
+
+        ReleaseId krDefaultReleaseId = kieRepository.getDefaultReleaseId();
+
+        KieContainer kieContainer = kieServices.newKieContainer(krDefaultReleaseId);
+
+        KieSession ksession = kieContainer.newKieSession();
+
+        return ksession;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Can be used for debugging
+     * Input excelFile example: com/baeldung/drools/rules/Discount.xls
+     */
+    public String getDrlFromExcel(String excelFile) {
+        DecisionTableConfiguration configuration = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newDecisionTableConfiguration();
+        configuration.setInputType(DecisionTableInputType.XLS);
+
+        Resource dt = ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource(excelFile, getClass());
+
+        DecisionTableProviderImpl decisionTableProvider = new DecisionTableProviderImpl();
+
+        String drl = decisionTableProvider.loadFromResource(dt, null);
+
+        return drl;
+    }
+
+}

drools/src/main/java/com/baeldung/drools/model/Customer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.drools.model;
+
+public class Customer {
+
+    private CustomerType type;
+
+    private int years;
+
+    private int discount;
+
+    public Customer(CustomerType type, int numOfYears) {
+        super();
+        this.type = type;
+        this.years = numOfYears;
+    }
+
+    public CustomerType getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    public void setType(CustomerType type) {
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+
+    public int getYears() {
+        return years;
+    }
+
+    public void setYears(int years) {
+        this.years = years;
+    }
+
+    public int getDiscount() {
+        return discount;
+    }
+
+    public void setDiscount(int discount) {
+        this.discount = discount;
+    }
+
+    public enum CustomerType {
+        INDIVIDUAL, BUSINESS;
+    }
+}

drools/src/test/java/com/baeldung/drools/service/ApplicantServiceIntegrationTest.java

@@ -17,37 +17,39 @@ public class ApplicantServiceIntegrationTest {
     private ApplicantService applicantService;
 
     @Before
-    public void setup(){
+    public void setup() {
         applicantService = new ApplicantService();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void whenCriteriaMatching_ThenSuggestManagerRole() throws IOException {
-        Applicant applicant=new Applicant("Davis",37,1600000.0,11);
+        Applicant applicant = new Applicant("Davis", 37, 1600000.0, 11);
-        SuggestedRole suggestedRole=new SuggestedRole();
+        SuggestedRole suggestedRole = new SuggestedRole();
-        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant,suggestedRole);
+        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant, suggestedRole);
-        assertEquals("Manager",suggestedRole.getRole());
+        assertEquals("Manager", suggestedRole.getRole());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void whenCriteriaMatching_ThenSuggestSeniorDeveloperRole() throws IOException {
-        Applicant applicant=new Applicant("John",37,1200000.0,8);
+        Applicant applicant = new Applicant("John", 37, 1200000.0, 8);
-        SuggestedRole suggestedRole=new SuggestedRole();
+        SuggestedRole suggestedRole = new SuggestedRole();
-        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant,suggestedRole);
+        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant, suggestedRole);
-        assertEquals("Senior developer",suggestedRole.getRole());
+        assertEquals("Senior developer", suggestedRole.getRole());
     }
+
     @Test
     public void whenCriteriaMatching_ThenSuggestDeveloperRole() throws IOException {
-        Applicant applicant=new Applicant("Davis",37,800000.0,3);
+        Applicant applicant = new Applicant("Davis", 37, 800000.0, 3);
-        SuggestedRole suggestedRole=new SuggestedRole();
+        SuggestedRole suggestedRole = new SuggestedRole();
-        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant,suggestedRole);
+        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant, suggestedRole);
-        assertEquals("Developer",suggestedRole.getRole());
+        assertEquals("Developer", suggestedRole.getRole());
     }
+
     @Test
     public void whenCriteriaNotMatching_ThenNoRole() throws IOException {
-        Applicant applicant=new Applicant("John",37,1200000.0,5);
+        Applicant applicant = new Applicant("John", 37, 1200000.0, 5);
-        SuggestedRole suggestedRole=new SuggestedRole();
+        SuggestedRole suggestedRole = new SuggestedRole();
-        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant,suggestedRole);
+        applicantService.suggestARoleForApplicant(applicant, suggestedRole);
         assertNull(suggestedRole.getRole());
     }
 }

drools/src/test/java/com/baeldung/drools/service/DiscountExcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.drools.service;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.kie.api.io.Resource;
+import org.kie.api.runtime.KieSession;
+import org.kie.internal.io.ResourceFactory;
+
+import com.baeldung.drools.config.DroolsBeanFactory;
+import com.baeldung.drools.model.Customer;
+import com.baeldung.drools.model.Customer.CustomerType;
+
+public class DiscountExcelIntegrationTest {
+
+    private KieSession kSession;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        Resource resource = ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource("com/baeldung/drools/rules/Discount.xls", getClass());
+        kSession = new DroolsBeanFactory().getKieSession(resource);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void giveIndvidualLongStanding_whenFireRule_thenCorrectDiscount() throws Exception {
+        Customer customer = new Customer(CustomerType.INDIVIDUAL, 5);
+        kSession.insert(customer);
+
+        kSession.fireAllRules();
+
+        assertEquals(customer.getDiscount(), 15);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void giveIndvidualRecent_whenFireRule_thenCorrectDiscount() throws Exception {
+
+        Customer customer = new Customer(CustomerType.INDIVIDUAL, 1);
+        kSession.insert(customer);
+
+        kSession.fireAllRules();
+
+        assertEquals(customer.getDiscount(), 5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void giveBusinessAny_whenFireRule_thenCorrectDiscount() throws Exception {
+        Customer customer = new Customer(CustomerType.BUSINESS, 0);
+        kSession.insert(customer);
+
+        kSession.fireAllRules();
+
+        assertEquals(customer.getDiscount(), 20);
+    }
+
+}

drools/src/test/java/com/baeldung/drools/service/ProductServiceIntegrationTest.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.drools.service;
 import com.baeldung.drools.model.Product;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
+
 import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
 
 
@@ -11,22 +12,22 @@ public class ProductServiceIntegrationTest {
     private ProductService productService;
 
     @Before
-    public void setup(){
+    public void setup() {
-        productService=new ProductService();
+        productService = new ProductService();
     }
 
 
     @Test
-    public void whenProductTypeElectronic_ThenLabelBarcode(){
+    public void whenProductTypeElectronic_ThenLabelBarcode() {
-        Product product=new Product("Microwave","Electronic");
+        Product product = new Product("Microwave", "Electronic");
-        product=productService.applyLabelToProduct(product);
+        product = productService.applyLabelToProduct(product);
-        assertEquals("BarCode",product.getLabel());
+        assertEquals("BarCode", product.getLabel());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenProductTypeBook_ThenLabelIsbn(){
+    public void whenProductTypeBook_ThenLabelIsbn() {
-        Product product=new Product("AutoBiography","Book");
+        Product product = new Product("AutoBiography", "Book");
-        product=productService.applyLabelToProduct(product);
+        product = productService.applyLabelToProduct(product);
-        assertEquals("ISBN",product.getLabel());
+        assertEquals("ISBN", product.getLabel());
     }
 }

jmh/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	<groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+	<artifactId>jmh</artifactId>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<name>jmh</name>
+	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
+
+	<properties>
+		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
+		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
+	</properties>
+
+	<dependencies>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
+			<version>1.19</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+			<version>1.19</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>junit</groupId>
+			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+			<version>3.8.1</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
+	</dependencies>
+
+	<build>
+		<plugins>
+			<plugin>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
+				<configuration>
+					<archive>
+						<manifest>
+							<mainClass>com.baeldung.Application</mainClass>
+						</manifest>
+					</archive>
+				</configuration>
+			</plugin>
+		</plugins>
+	</build>
+
+</project>

jmh/src/main/java/com/baeldung/Application.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.Main;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
+
+public class Application {
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException, IOException {
+		Main.main(args);
+	}
+
+}

jmh/src/main/java/com/baeldung/BenchMark.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+
+public class BenchMark {
+
+	@Benchmark
+	public void init() {
+		
+	}
+
+}

jmh/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+import junit.framework.Test;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import junit.framework.TestSuite;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for simple App.
+ */
+public class AppTest 
+    extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * Create the test case
+     *
+     * @param testName name of the test case
+     */
+    public AppTest( String testName )
+    {
+        super( testName );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the suite of tests being tested
+     */
+    public static Test suite()
+    {
+        return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rigourous Test :-)
+     */
+    public void testApp()
+    {
+        assertTrue( true );
+    }
+}

libraries/README.md

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 - [Software Transactional Memory in Java Using Multiverse](http://www.baeldung.com/java-multiverse-stm)
 - [Introduction to HikariCP](http://www.baeldung.com/hikaricp)
 - [Serenity BDD with Spring and JBehave](http://www.baeldung.com/serenity-spring-jbehave)
+- [Locality-Sensitive Hashing in Java Using Java-LSH](http://www.baeldung.com/locality-sensitive-hashing)
 
 
 The libraries module contains examples related to small libraries that are relatively easy to use and does not require any separate module of its own.

libraries/pom.xml

@@ -70,6 +70,32 @@
                     </execution>
                 </executions>
             </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId>
+                <artifactId>asciidoctor-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>1.5.5</version>
+                <dependencies>
+                    <dependency>
+                        <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId>
+                        <artifactId>asciidoctorj-pdf</artifactId>
+                        <version>1.5.0-alpha.15</version>
+                    </dependency>
+                </dependencies>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>output-pdf</id>
+                        <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>process-asciidoc</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+                <configuration>
+                    <sourceDirectory>src/docs/asciidoc</sourceDirectory>
+                    <outputDirectory>target/docs/asciidoc</outputDirectory>
+                    <backend>pdf</backend>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>
 

libraries/src/docs/asciidoc/test.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+== Introduction Section
+
+Hi. I'm a simple test to see if this Maven build is working. If you see me in a nice PDF, then it means everything is [red]#working#.

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/asciidoctor/AsciidoctorDemo.java

@@ -13,21 +13,21 @@ public class AsciidoctorDemo {
 
     private final Asciidoctor asciidoctor;
 
-    public AsciidoctorDemo() {
+    AsciidoctorDemo() {
         asciidoctor = create();
     }
 
     public void generatePDFFromString(final String input) {
 
         final Map<String, Object> options = options().inPlace(true)
-                .backend("pdf")
+          .backend("pdf")
-                .asMap();
+          .asMap();
+
 
         final String outfile = asciidoctor.convertFile(new File("sample.adoc"), options);
     }
 
-    public String generateHTMLFromString(final String input) {
+    String generateHTMLFromString(final String input) {
-        final String output = asciidoctor.convert("Hello _Baeldung_!", new HashMap<String, Object>());
+        return asciidoctor.convert("Hello _Baeldung_!", new HashMap<String, Object>());
-        return output;
     }
 }

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jmh/JmhDemo.java

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.Main;
 import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
 
 public class JmhDemo {
-
     public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException, IOException {
-	  Main.main(args);
+        Main.main(args);
     }
-
 }

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jmh/warmup/MainApplication.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.jmh.warmup;
+
+public class MainApplication {
+
+    static {
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        ManualClassLoader.load();
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        System.out.println("Warm Up time : " + (end - start));
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        ManualClassLoader.load();
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        System.out.println("Total time taken : " + (end - start));
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jmh/warmup/ManualClassLoader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.jmh.warmup;
+
+import com.baeldung.jmh.warmup.dummy.Dummy;
+
+public class ManualClassLoader {
+
+    public static void load() {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+            // load all(or most) important classes
+            Dummy dummy = new Dummy();
+            dummy.m();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jmh/warmup/dummy/Dummy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.jmh.warmup.dummy;
+
+public class Dummy {
+
+    public void m() {
+
+    }
+
+}

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsUnitTest.java

@@ -2,77 +2,78 @@ package com.baeldung.commons.lang3;
 
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
 import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 public class ArrayUtilsUnitTest {
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenAddingElementAtSpecifiedPosition_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] oldArray = {2, 3, 4, 5};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.add(oldArray, 0, 1);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenAddingElementAtTheEnd_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] oldArray = {2, 3, 4, 5};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.add(oldArray, 1);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {2, 3, 4, 5, 1};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenAddingAllElementsAtTheEnd_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 0, 1, 2 };
+        int[] oldArray = {0, 1, 2};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.addAll(oldArray, 3, 4, 5);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenRemovingElementAtSpecifiedPosition_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] oldArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.remove(oldArray, 1);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 3, 4, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenRemovingAllElementsAtSpecifiedPositions_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] oldArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.removeAll(oldArray, 1, 3);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 3, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 3, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenRemovingAnElement_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 1, 2, 3, 3, 4 };
+        int[] oldArray = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.removeElement(oldArray, 3);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenRemovingElements_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 1, 2, 3, 3, 4 };
+        int[] oldArray = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.removeElements(oldArray, 2, 3, 5);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 3, 4 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 3, 4};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenRemovingAllElementOccurences_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 1, 2, 2, 2, 3 };
+        int[] oldArray = {1, 2, 2, 2, 3};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.removeAllOccurences(oldArray, 2);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 3 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 3};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenCheckingExistingElement_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] array = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };
+        int[] array = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
         boolean evenContained = ArrayUtils.contains(array, 2);
         boolean oddContained = ArrayUtils.contains(array, 7);
         assertEquals(false, evenContained);
@@ -81,57 +82,57 @@ public class ArrayUtilsUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenReversingElementsWithinARange_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] originalArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         ArrayUtils.reverse(originalArray, 1, 4);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 4, 3, 2, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, originalArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenReversingAllElements_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] originalArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         ArrayUtils.reverse(originalArray);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, originalArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenShiftingElementsWithinARange_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] originalArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         ArrayUtils.shift(originalArray, 1, 4, 1);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {1, 4, 2, 3, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, originalArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenShiftingAllElements_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] originalArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         ArrayUtils.shift(originalArray, 1);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {5, 1, 2, 3, 4};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, originalArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenExtractingElements_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] oldArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] oldArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         int[] newArray = ArrayUtils.subarray(oldArray, 2, 7);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {3, 4, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, newArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenSwapingElementsWithinARange_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] originalArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         ArrayUtils.swap(originalArray, 0, 3, 2);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 4, 5, 3, 1, 2 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {4, 5, 3, 1, 2};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, originalArray);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void givenArray_whenSwapingElementsAtSpecifiedPositions_thenCorrect() {
-        int[] originalArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         ArrayUtils.swap(originalArray, 0, 3);
-        int[] expectedArray = { 4, 2, 3, 1, 5 };
+        int[] expectedArray = {4, 2, 3, 1, 5};
         assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, originalArray);
     }
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/commons/math/ComplexUnitTest.java

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ public class ComplexUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void whenComplexPow_thenCorrect() {
-        Complex first  = new Complex(1.0, 3.0);
+        Complex first = new Complex(1.0, 3.0);
         Complex second = new Complex(2.0, 5.0);
 
         Complex power = first.pow(second);

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/flink/WordCountIntegrationTest.java

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
         //then
         List<Tuple2<String, Integer>> collect = result.collect();
         assertThat(collect).containsExactlyInAnyOrder(
-                new Tuple2<>("a", 3), new Tuple2<>("sentence", 2), new Tuple2<>("word", 1),
+          new Tuple2<>("a", 3), new Tuple2<>("sentence", 2), new Tuple2<>("word", 1),
-                new Tuple2<>("is", 2), new Tuple2<>("this", 2), new Tuple2<>("second", 1),
+          new Tuple2<>("is", 2), new Tuple2<>("this", 2), new Tuple2<>("second", 1),
-                new Tuple2<>("first", 1), new Tuple2<>("with", 1), new Tuple2<>("one", 1));
+          new Tuple2<>("first", 1), new Tuple2<>("with", 1), new Tuple2<>("one", 1));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
 
         //when
         List<Integer> collect = amounts
-                .filter(a -> a > threshold)
+          .filter(a -> a > threshold)
-                .reduce((integer, t1) -> integer + t1)
+          .reduce((integer, t1) -> integer + t1)
-                .collect();
+          .collect();
 
         //then
         assertThat(collect.get(0)).isEqualTo(90);
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
         Tuple2<Integer, String> fourthPerson = new Tuple2<>(200, "Michael");
         Tuple2<Integer, String> firstPerson = new Tuple2<>(1, "Jack");
         DataSet<Tuple2<Integer, String>> transactions = env.fromElements(fourthPerson, secondPerson,
-                thirdPerson, firstPerson);
+          thirdPerson, firstPerson);
 
 
         //when
         List<Tuple2<Integer, String>> sorted = transactions
-                .sortPartition(new IdKeySelectorTransaction(), Order.ASCENDING)
+          .sortPartition(new IdKeySelectorTransaction(), Order.ASCENDING)
-                .collect();
+          .collect();
 
         //then
         assertThat(sorted).containsExactly(firstPerson, secondPerson, thirdPerson, fourthPerson);
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
 
         Tuple2<Integer, String> firstTransaction = new Tuple2<>(1, "Transaction_1");
         DataSet<Tuple2<Integer, String>> transactions =
-                env.fromElements(firstTransaction, new Tuple2<>(12, "Transaction_2"));
+          env.fromElements(firstTransaction, new Tuple2<>(12, "Transaction_2"));
 
 
         //when
         List<Tuple2<Tuple2<Integer, String>, Tuple3<Integer, String, String>>> joined =
-                transactions.join(addresses)
+          transactions.join(addresses)
-                        .where(new IdKeySelectorTransaction())
+            .where(new IdKeySelectorTransaction())
-                        .equalTo(new IdKeySelectorAddress())
+            .equalTo(new IdKeySelectorAddress())
-                        .collect();
+            .collect();
 
         //then
         assertThat(joined).hasSize(1);
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
         final StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
 
         DataStream<String> text
-                = env.fromElements("This is a first sentence", "This is a second sentence with a one word");
+          = env.fromElements("This is a first sentence", "This is a second sentence with a one word");
 
 
         SingleOutputStreamOperator<String> upperCase = text.map(String::toUpperCase);
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
         final StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
 
         SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple2<Integer, Long>> windowed = env.fromElements(
-                new Tuple2<>(16, ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(25).toInstant().getEpochSecond()),
+          new Tuple2<>(16, ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(25).toInstant().getEpochSecond()),
-                new Tuple2<>(15, ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(2).toInstant().getEpochSecond())
+          new Tuple2<>(15, ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(2).toInstant().getEpochSecond())
         ).assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(new BoundedOutOfOrdernessTimestampExtractor<Tuple2<Integer, Long>>(Time.seconds(20)) {
             @Override
             public long extractTimestamp(Tuple2<Integer, Long> element) {
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ public class WordCountIntegrationTest {
         });
 
         SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple2<Integer, Long>> reduced = windowed
-                .windowAll(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5)))
+          .windowAll(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5)))
-                .maxBy(0, true);
+          .maxBy(0, true);
 
         reduced.print();
 

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hikaricp/HikariCPUnitTest.java

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package com.baeldung.hikaricp;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import java.util.List;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 public class HikariCPUnitTest {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/javassist/JavasisstUnitTest.java

@@ -4,7 +4,15 @@ package com.baeldung.javassist;
 import javassist.CannotCompileException;
 import javassist.ClassPool;
 import javassist.NotFoundException;
-import javassist.bytecode.*;
+import javassist.bytecode.AccessFlag;
+import javassist.bytecode.BadBytecode;
+import javassist.bytecode.Bytecode;
+import javassist.bytecode.ClassFile;
+import javassist.bytecode.CodeAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.CodeIterator;
+import javassist.bytecode.FieldInfo;
+import javassist.bytecode.MethodInfo;
+import javassist.bytecode.Mnemonic;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ public class JavasisstUnitTest {
 
         //then
         assertEquals(operations,
-                Arrays.asList("aload_0", "iload_1", "putfield", "aload_0", "iload_2", "putfield", "return"));
+          Arrays.asList("aload_0", "iload_1", "putfield", "aload_0", "iload_2", "putfield", "return"));
 
     }
 
@@ -112,7 +120,7 @@ public class JavasisstUnitTest {
         }
 
         assertEquals(operations,
-                Arrays.asList("aload_0", "invokespecial", "return"));
+          Arrays.asList("aload_0", "invokespecial", "return"));
 
 
     }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/javatuples/JavaTuplesUnitTest.java

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.javatuples;
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.javatuples.KeyValue;
 import org.javatuples.LabelValue;
 import org.javatuples.Pair;
@@ -13,6 +8,11 @@ import org.javatuples.Triplet;
 import org.javatuples.Unit;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
 public class JavaTuplesUnitTest {
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unused")
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class JavaTuplesUnitTest {
 
         Pair<String, String> pairFromList = Pair.fromIterable(collectionOfNames, 2);
 
-        String[] names = new String[] { "john", "doe", "anne" };
+        String[] names = new String[]{"john", "doe", "anne"};
         Triplet<String, String, String> triplet2 = Triplet.fromArray(names);
     }
 

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/javers/JaversUnitTest.java

@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ public class JaversUnitTest {
         Javers javers = JaversBuilder.javers().build();
 
         PersonWithAddress person =
-                new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom", Arrays.asList(new Address("England")));
+          new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom", Arrays.asList(new Address("England")));
 
         PersonWithAddress personWithNewAddress =
-                new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom",
+          new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom",
-                        Arrays.asList(new Address("England"), new Address("USA")));
+            Arrays.asList(new Address("England"), new Address("USA")));
 
 
         //when
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ public class JaversUnitTest {
         Javers javers = JaversBuilder.javers().build();
 
         PersonWithAddress person =
-                new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom", Arrays.asList(new Address("England")));
+          new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom", Arrays.asList(new Address("England")));
 
         PersonWithAddress personWithNewAddress =
-                new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom", Collections.emptyList());
+          new PersonWithAddress(1, "Tom", Collections.emptyList());
 
 
         //when

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jdo/GuideToJDOIntegrationTest.java

@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ public class GuideToJDOIntegrationTest {
         pumd.addProperty("javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL", "jdbc:h2:mem:mypersistence");
         pumd.addProperty("javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName", "sa");
         pumd.addProperty("javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword", "");
-        pumd.addProperty("datanucleus.autoCreateSchema", "true");        
+        pumd.addProperty("datanucleus.autoCreateSchema", "true");
 
         PersistenceManagerFactory pmf = new JDOPersistenceManagerFactory(pumd, null);
         PersistenceManager pm = pmf.getPersistenceManager();
         Transaction tx = pm.currentTransaction();
         try {
             tx.begin();
-            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                 String nam = "Product-" + i;
                 Product productx = new Product(nam, (double) i);
                 pm.makePersistent(productx);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class GuideToJDOIntegrationTest {
         pumd.addProperty("javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL", "jdbc:h2:mem:mypersistence");
         pumd.addProperty("javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName", "sa");
         pumd.addProperty("javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword", "");
-        pumd.addProperty("datanucleus.autoCreateSchema", "true");        
+        pumd.addProperty("datanucleus.autoCreateSchema", "true");
 
         PersistenceManagerFactory pmf = new JDOPersistenceManagerFactory(pumd, null);
         PersistenceManager pm = pmf.getPersistenceManager();
@@ -93,9 +93,7 @@ public class GuideToJDOIntegrationTest {
             Query q = pm2.newQuery("SELECT FROM " + Product.class.getName() + " WHERE price == 200");
             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
             List<Product> products = (List<Product>) q.execute();
-            Iterator<Product> iter = products.iterator();
+            for (Product p : products) {
-            while (iter.hasNext()) {
-                Product p = iter.next();
                 assertEquals("Laptop", p.name);
             }
 

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jsonassert/JsonAssertUnitTest.java

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.jsonassert;
 
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -13,6 +11,8 @@ import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.RegularExpressionValueMatcher;
 import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.comparator.ArraySizeComparator;
 import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.comparator.CustomComparator;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
 public class JsonAssertUnitTest {
 
     @Test
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class JsonAssertUnitTest {
     @Test
     public void givenDifferentOrderForJsonObject_whenAssertEquals_thenPass() throws JSONException {
         String result = "{id:1,name:\"John\"}";
-        
+
         JSONAssert.assertEquals("{name:\"John\",id:1}", result, JSONCompareMode.STRICT);
         JSONAssert.assertEquals("{name:\"John\",id:1}", result, JSONCompareMode.LENIENT);
     }
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public class JsonAssertUnitTest {
         JSONObject actual = new JSONObject();
         expected.put("id", Integer.valueOf(12345));
         actual.put("id", Double.valueOf(12345));
-        
+
         JSONAssert.assertEquals(expected, actual, false);
         JSONAssert.assertEquals(expected, actual, JSONCompareMode.LENIENT);
     }
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ public class JsonAssertUnitTest {
     @Test
     public void givenNestedObjects_whenAssertEquals_thenPass() throws JSONException {
         String result = "{id:1,name:\"Juergen\", address:{city:\"Hollywood\", "
-            + "state:\"LA\", zip:91601}}";
+          + "state:\"LA\", zip:91601}}";
         JSONAssert.assertEquals("{id:1,name:\"Juergen\", address:{city:\"Hollywood\", "
-            + "state:\"LA\", zip:91601}}", result, false);
+          + "state:\"LA\", zip:91601}}", result, false);
     }
-    
+
     @Test
     public void whenMessageUsedInAssertion_thenDisplayMessageOnFailure() throws JSONException {
         String actual = "{id:123,name:\"John\"}";
@@ -94,36 +94,36 @@ public class JsonAssertUnitTest {
         JSONAssert.assertNotEquals("[1,2,3]", result, JSONCompareMode.LENIENT);
         JSONAssert.assertNotEquals("[1,2,3,4,5,6]", result, JSONCompareMode.LENIENT);
     }
-    
+
     @Test
     public void whenComparingSizeOfArray_thenPass() throws JSONException {
         String names = "{names:[Alex, Barbera, Charlie, Xavier]}";
         JSONAssert.assertEquals(
-            "{names:[4]}", 
+          "{names:[4]}",
-            names, 
+          names,
-            new ArraySizeComparator(JSONCompareMode.LENIENT));
+          new ArraySizeComparator(JSONCompareMode.LENIENT));
     }
-    
+
     @Test
     public void whenComparingContentsOfArray_thenPass() throws JSONException {
         String ratings = "{ratings:[3.2,3.5,4.1,5,1]}";
         JSONAssert.assertEquals(
-            "{ratings:[1,5]}", 
+          "{ratings:[1,5]}",
-            ratings, 
+          ratings,
-            new ArraySizeComparator(JSONCompareMode.LENIENT));
+          new ArraySizeComparator(JSONCompareMode.LENIENT));
     }
-    
+
     @Test
     public void givenValueMatcher_whenComparingUsingRegex_thenPass() throws IllegalArgumentException, JSONException {
-        JSONAssert.assertEquals("{entry:{id:x}}", "{entry:{id:1, id:2}}", 
+        JSONAssert.assertEquals("{entry:{id:x}}", "{entry:{id:1, id:2}}",
-            new CustomComparator(
+          new CustomComparator(
-            JSONCompareMode.STRICT, 
+            JSONCompareMode.STRICT,
-            new Customization("entry.id", 
+            new Customization("entry.id",
-            new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<Object>("\\d"))));
+              new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<Object>("\\d"))));
-        
+
-        JSONAssert.assertNotEquals("{entry:{id:x}}", "{entry:{id:1, id:as}}", 
+        JSONAssert.assertNotEquals("{entry:{id:x}}", "{entry:{id:1, id:as}}",
-            new CustomComparator(JSONCompareMode.STRICT, 
+          new CustomComparator(JSONCompareMode.STRICT,
-            new Customization("entry.id", 
+            new Customization("entry.id",
-            new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<Object>("\\d"))));
+              new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<Object>("\\d"))));
     }
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/junitparams/SafeAdditionUtilTest.java

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.junitparams;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
 import junitparams.FileParameters;
 import junitparams.JUnitParamsRunner;
 import junitparams.Parameters;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 @RunWith(JUnitParamsRunner.class)
 public class SafeAdditionUtilTest {
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ public class SafeAdditionUtilTest {
     private SafeAdditionUtil serviceUnderTest = new SafeAdditionUtil();
 
     @Test
-    @Parameters({ "1, 2, 3", "-10, 30, 20", "15, -5, 10", "-5, -10, -15" })
+    @Parameters({"1, 2, 3", "-10, 30, 20", "15, -5, 10", "-5, -10, -15"})
     public void whenCalledWithAnnotationProvidedParams_thenSafeAddAndReturn(int a, int b, int expectedValue) {
         assertEquals(expectedValue, serviceUnderTest.safeAdd(a, b));
     }
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ public class SafeAdditionUtilTest {
     }
 
     private Object[] parametersToTestAdd() {
-        return new Object[] { new Object[] { 1, 2, 3 }, new Object[] { -10, 30, 20 }, new Object[] { Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, Integer.MAX_VALUE }, new Object[] { Integer.MIN_VALUE, -8, Integer.MIN_VALUE } };
+        return new Object[]{new Object[]{1, 2, 3}, new Object[]{-10, 30, 20}, new Object[]{Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, Integer.MAX_VALUE}, new Object[]{Integer.MIN_VALUE, -8, Integer.MIN_VALUE}};
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ public class SafeAdditionUtilTest {
     }
 
     private Object[] parametersForWhenCalledWithnoParam_thenLoadByNameSafeAddAndReturn() {
-        return new Object[] { new Object[] { 1, 2, 3 }, new Object[] { -10, 30, 20 }, new Object[] { Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, Integer.MAX_VALUE }, new Object[] { Integer.MIN_VALUE, -8, Integer.MIN_VALUE } };
+        return new Object[]{new Object[]{1, 2, 3}, new Object[]{-10, 30, 20}, new Object[]{Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, Integer.MAX_VALUE}, new Object[]{Integer.MIN_VALUE, -8, Integer.MIN_VALUE}};
     }
 
     @Test

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/junitparams/TestDataProvider.java

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package com.baeldung.junitparams;
 public class TestDataProvider {
 
     public static Object[] provideBasicData() {
-        return new Object[] { new Object[] { 1, 2, 3 }, new Object[] { -10, 30, 20 }, new Object[] { 15, -5, 10 }, new Object[] { -5, -10, -15 } };
+        return new Object[]{new Object[]{1, 2, 3}, new Object[]{-10, 30, 20}, new Object[]{15, -5, 10}, new Object[]{-5, -10, -15}};
     }
 
     public static Object[] provideEdgeCaseData() {
-        return new Object[] { new Object[] { Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, Integer.MAX_VALUE }, new Object[] { Integer.MIN_VALUE, -2, Integer.MIN_VALUE }, };
+        return new Object[]{new Object[]{Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, Integer.MAX_VALUE}, new Object[]{Integer.MIN_VALUE, -2, Integer.MIN_VALUE},};
     }
 
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/opennlp/OpenNLPTests.java

@@ -1,15 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.opennlp;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
 import opennlp.tools.chunker.ChunkerME;
 import opennlp.tools.chunker.ChunkerModel;
 import opennlp.tools.cmdline.postag.POSModelLoader;
@@ -31,14 +21,23 @@ import opennlp.tools.util.ObjectStream;
 import opennlp.tools.util.PlainTextByLineStream;
 import opennlp.tools.util.Span;
 import opennlp.tools.util.TrainingParameters;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 public class OpenNLPTests {
 
     private final static String text = "To get to the south: Go to the store. Buy a compass. Use the compass. Then walk to the south.";
-    private final static String sentence[] = new String[] { "James", "Jordan", "live", "in", "Oklahoma", "city", "." };
+    private final static String sentence[] = new String[]{"James", "Jordan", "live", "in", "Oklahoma", "city", "."};
-    
+
     @Test
-    public void givenText_WhenDetectSentences_ThenCountSentences(){
+    public void givenText_WhenDetectSentences_ThenCountSentences() {
         InputStream is;
         SentenceModel model;
         try {
@@ -48,15 +47,13 @@ public class OpenNLPTests {
             String sentences[] = sdetector.sentDetect(text);
             assertEquals(4, sentences.length);
             is.close();
-        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenText_WhenDetectTokens_ThenVerifyNames(){
+    public void givenText_WhenDetectTokens_ThenVerifyNames() {
         InputStream is;
         TokenNameFinderModel model;
         try {
@@ -68,15 +65,13 @@ public class OpenNLPTests {
             String[] names = Span.spansToStrings(nameSpans, sentence);
             assertEquals(1, names.length);
             assertEquals("James Jordan", names[0]);
-        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenText_WhenDetectTokens_ThenVerifyLocations(){
+    public void givenText_WhenDetectTokens_ThenVerifyLocations() {
         InputStream is;
         TokenNameFinderModel model;
         try {
@@ -88,15 +83,13 @@ public class OpenNLPTests {
             String[] locations = Span.spansToStrings(locationSpans, sentence);
             assertEquals(1, locations.length);
             assertEquals("Oklahoma", locations[0]);
-        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
-    
+
     @Test
-    public void givenText_WhenCategorizeDocument_ThenVerifyDocumentContent(){
+    public void givenText_WhenCategorizeDocument_ThenVerifyDocumentContent() {
         DoccatModel docCatModel;
         try {
             InputStreamFactory isf = new InputStreamFactory() {
@@ -118,7 +111,7 @@ public class OpenNLPTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenText_WhenTagDocument_ThenVerifyTaggedString(){
+    public void givenText_WhenTagDocument_ThenVerifyTaggedString() {
         try {
             POSModel posModel = new POSModelLoader().load(new File("OpenNLP/en-pos-maxent.bin"));
             POSTaggerME posTaggerME = new POSTaggerME(posModel);
@@ -140,19 +133,19 @@ public class OpenNLPTests {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
-    
+
     @Test
-    public void givenText_WhenChunked_ThenCountChunks(){
+    public void givenText_WhenChunked_ThenCountChunks() {
         try {
             InputStream is = new FileInputStream("OpenNLP/en-chunker.bin");
             ChunkerModel cModel = new ChunkerModel(is);
             ChunkerME chunkerME = new ChunkerME(cModel);
-            String pos[] = new String[] { "NNP", "NNP", "NNP", "POS", "NNP", "NN", "VBD"};
+            String pos[] = new String[]{"NNP", "NNP", "NNP", "POS", "NNP", "NN", "VBD"};
             String chunks[] = chunkerME.chunk(sentence, pos);
             assertEquals(7, chunks.length);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
-    
+
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/GithubUserProfilePayloadIntegrationTest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ package com.baeldung.serenity;
 
 import net.serenitybdd.jbehave.SerenityStory;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 public class GithubUserProfilePayloadIntegrationTest extends SerenityStory {
 
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/GoogleSearchLiveTest.java

@@ -13,13 +13,11 @@ import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
 import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 @RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
 public class GoogleSearchLiveTest {
 
-    @Managed(driver = "chrome") private WebDriver browser;
+    @Managed(driver = "chrome")
+    private WebDriver browser;
 
     @Test
     public void whenGoogleBaeldungThenShouldSeeEugen() {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/GoogleSearchPageObjectLiveTest.java

@@ -7,15 +7,13 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 @RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
 public class GoogleSearchPageObjectLiveTest {
 
-    @Managed(driver = "chrome") private WebDriver browser;
+    @Managed(driver = "chrome")
+    private WebDriver browser;
 
-    GoogleSearchPageObject googleSearch;
+    private GoogleSearchPageObject googleSearch;
 
     @Test
     public void whenGoogleBaeldungThenShouldSeeEugen() {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/GoogleSearchScreenplayLiveTest.java

@@ -12,19 +12,20 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 
-import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.*;
+import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.givenThat;
+import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
+import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.then;
+import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.when;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.hasItem;
 
-/**
- * Unit test for simple App.
- */
 @RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
 public class GoogleSearchScreenplayLiveTest {
 
-    @Managed(driver = "chrome") WebDriver browser;
+    @Managed(driver = "chrome")
+    private WebDriver browser;
 
-    Actor kitty = Actor.named("kitty");
+    private Actor kitty = Actor.named("kitty");
 
     @Before
     public void setup() {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/MemberStatusIntegrationTest.java

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ import static com.baeldung.serenity.membership.MemberGrade.Silver;
 @RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
 public class MemberStatusIntegrationTest {
 
-    @Steps MemberStatusSteps memberSteps;
+    @Steps
+    private MemberStatusSteps memberSteps;
 
     @Test
     public void membersShouldStartWithBronzeStatus() {
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ public class MemberStatusIntegrationTest {
 
     @Test
     @Title("Members with 50,000 points can exchange a MacBook Pro")
-    public void memberWith50000PointsCanExchangeAMacbookpro(){
+    public void memberWith50000PointsCanExchangeAMacbookpro() {
         memberSteps.aMemberHasPointsOf(50_000);
         memberSteps.aMemberExchangeA(MacBookPro);
         memberSteps.memberShouldHavePointsLeft();
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public class MemberStatusIntegrationTest {
     @Test
     @Ignore
     @Title("Members with 500 points should have a Gold status when added 4,000 points ($40,000)")
-    public void memberWith500PointsEarnsGoldAfterSpends$40000(){
+    public void memberWith500PointsEarnsGoldAfterSpends$40000() {
         memberSteps.aMemberHasPointsOf(500);
         memberSteps.theMemberSpends(40_000);
         memberSteps.theMemberShouldHaveAStatusOf(Gold);
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ public class MemberStatusIntegrationTest {
     @Test
     @Ignore
     @Title("Members with 100 points would have a Gold status when added 10,000 points ($100,000)")
-    public void memberWith100EarnsGoldAfterSpends$100000(){
+    public void memberWith100EarnsGoldAfterSpends$100000() {
         memberSteps.aMemberHasPointsOf(100);
         memberSteps.theMemberSpends(100_000);
         memberSteps.theMemberShouldHaveAStatusOf(Gold);

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/github/GithubRestAssuredUserAPISteps.java

@@ -8,25 +8,22 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import static net.serenitybdd.rest.SerenityRest.rest;
 import static net.serenitybdd.rest.SerenityRest.then;
 
-/**
+class GithubRestAssuredUserAPISteps {
- * @author aiet
- */
-public class GithubRestAssuredUserAPISteps {
 
     private String api;
 
     @Step("Given the github REST API for user profile")
-    public void withUserProfileAPIEndpoint() {
+    void withUserProfileAPIEndpoint() {
         api = "https://api.github.com/users/{username}";
     }
 
     @Step("When looking for {0} via the api")
-    public void getProfileOfUser(String username) throws IOException {
+    void getProfileOfUser(String username) throws IOException {
         rest().get(api, username);
     }
 
     @Step("Then there should be a login field with value {0} in payload of user {0}")
-    public void profilePayloadShouldContainLoginValue(String username) {
+    void profilePayloadShouldContainLoginValue(String username) {
         then().body("login", Matchers.equalTo(username));
     }
 

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/github/GithubRestUserAPISteps.java

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 public class GithubRestUserAPISteps {
 
     private String api;

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/github/GithubUserProfilePayloadStepDefinitions.java

@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 
 public class GithubUserProfilePayloadStepDefinitions {
 
-//    @Steps
-//    GithubRestUserAPISteps userAPISteps;
-
     @Steps
-    GithubRestAssuredUserAPISteps userAPISteps;
+    private GithubRestAssuredUserAPISteps userAPISteps;
 
     @Given("github user profile api")
     public void givenGithubUserProfileApi() {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/membership/MemberStatusSteps.java

@@ -6,12 +6,9 @@ import net.thucydides.core.annotations.Step;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 public class MemberStatusSteps {
 
-    Member member;
+    private Member member;
 
     @Step("Given a member has {0} points")
     public void aMemberHasPointsOf(int points) {
@@ -35,7 +32,7 @@ public class MemberStatusSteps {
 
     @Pending
     @Step("When the member exchange {}")
-    public void aMemberExchangeA(Commodity commodity){
+    public void aMemberExchangeA(Commodity commodity) {
         //TODO
     }
 

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/pageobjects/GoogleSearchPageObject.java

@@ -10,15 +10,14 @@ import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 @DefaultUrl("https://www.google.com/ncr")
 public class GoogleSearchPageObject extends PageObject {
 
-    @FindBy(name = "q") private WebElement search;
+    @FindBy(name = "q")
+    private WebElement search;
 
-    @FindBy(css = "._ksh") private WebElement result;
+    @FindBy(css = "._ksh")
+    private WebElement result;
 
     public void searchFor(String keyword) {
         search.sendKeys(keyword, Keys.ENTER);

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/screenplay/GoogleSearchPage.java

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import net.thucydides.core.annotations.DefaultUrl;
  * @author baoqiang
  */
 @DefaultUrl("https://www.google.com/ncr")
-public class GoogleSearchPage extends PageObject {
+class GoogleSearchPage extends PageObject {
 
-    public static final Target SEARCH_RESULT_TITLES = Target
+    static final Target SEARCH_RESULT_TITLES = Target
       .the("search results")
       .locatedBy("._ksh");
 
-    public static final Target SEARCH_INPUT_BOX = Target
+    static final Target SEARCH_INPUT_BOX = Target
       .the("search input box")
       .locatedBy("#lst-ib");
 

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/screenplay/GoogleSearchResults.java

@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@ import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.questions.Text;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-/**
- * @author baoqiang
- */
 public class GoogleSearchResults implements Question<List<String>> {
 
     public static Question<List<String>> displayed() {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/screenplay/SearchForKeyword.java

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actions.Enter;
 import net.thucydides.core.annotations.Step;
 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
 
-/**
- * @author baoqiang
- */
 public class SearchForKeyword implements Task {
 
     @Step("{0} searches for '#keyword'")

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/serenity/screenplay/StartWith.java

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ import net.thucydides.core.annotations.Step;
 
 import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Tasks.instrumented;
 
-/**
- * @author baoqiang
- */
 public class StartWith implements Task {
 
     public static StartWith googleSearchPage() {

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stm/AccountTest.java

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.stm;
 
 
-import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stream/JoolMergeStreamsTest.java

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ public class JoolMergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<Integer> seq2 = Stream.of(2, 4, 6);
 
         Stream<Integer> resultingSeq = Seq.ofType(seq1, Integer.class)
-                                          .append(seq2);
+          .append(seq2);
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6),
-                     resultingSeq.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingSeq.collect(Collectors.toList()));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ public class JoolMergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<String> closingBracketSeq = Stream.of("]");
 
         Stream<String> resultingStream = Seq.ofType(seq, String.class)
-                                            .append(closingBracketSeq)
+          .append(closingBracketSeq)
-                                            .prepend(openingBracketSeq);
+          .prepend(openingBracketSeq);
 
         Assert.assertEquals(Arrays.asList("[", "foo", "bar", "]"),
-                            resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
     }
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stream/MergeStreamsTest.java

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ public class MergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.of(2, 4, 6);
 
         Stream<Integer> resultingStream = Stream.concat(stream1,
-                                                        stream2);
+          stream2);
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6),
-                     resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ public class MergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<Integer> stream3 = Stream.of(18, 15, 36);
 
         Stream<Integer> resultingStream = Stream.concat(Stream.concat(stream1,
-                                                                      stream2),
+          stream2),
-                                                        stream3);
+          stream3);
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 18, 15, 36),
-                     resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class MergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<Integer> resultingStream = Stream.of(stream1, stream2, stream3, stream4).flatMap(Function.identity());
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 18, 15, 36, 99),
-                     resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
 
     }
 }

libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stream/StreamExMergeStreamsTest.java

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class StreamExMergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<Integer> resultingStream = StreamEx.of(stream1).append(stream2);
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6),
-                     resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ public class StreamExMergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<Integer> stream4 = Stream.of(99);
 
         Stream<Integer> resultingStream = StreamEx.of(stream1)
-                                                  .append(stream2)
+          .append(stream2)
-                                                  .append(stream3)
+          .append(stream3)
-                                                  .append(stream4);
+          .append(stream4);
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 18, 15, 36, 99),
-                     resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
 
     }
 
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ public class StreamExMergeStreamsTest {
         Stream<String> closingBracketStream = Stream.of("]");
 
         Stream<String> resultingStream = StreamEx.of(stream1)
-                                                 .append(closingBracketStream)
+          .append(closingBracketStream)
-                                                 .prepend(openingBracketStream);
+          .prepend(openingBracketStream);
 
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("[", "foo", "bar", "]"),
-                     resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
+          resultingStream.collect(Collectors.toList()));
     }
 }

spring-5/README.md

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ The "REST With Spring" Classes: http://bit.ly/restwithspring
 
 - [Concurrent Test Execution in Spring 5](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-5-concurrent-tests)
 - [Introduction to the Functional Web Framework in Spring 5](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-5-functional-web)
+- [Exploring the Spring MVC URL Matching Improvements](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-mvc-url-matching)

spring-5/pom.xml

@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@
         <junit.platform.version>1.0.0-M4</junit.platform.version>
         <junit.jupiter.version>5.0.0-M4</junit.jupiter.version>
         <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.20</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
+        <spring.version>5.0.0.RC2</spring.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/Spring5Application.java

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package com.baeldung;
 
 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 
 @SpringBootApplication
+@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.baeldung.web"})
 public class Spring5Application {
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters.fromObject;
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates.GET;
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions.route;
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions.toHttpHandler;
+import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse.ok;
+
+import org.apache.catalina.Context;
+import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer;
+import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
+import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.HttpHandler;
+import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServletHttpHandlerAdapter;
+import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunction;
+import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
+import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
+import org.springframework.web.server.WebHandler;
+import org.springframework.web.server.adapter.WebHttpHandlerBuilder;
+
+public class ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctions {
+
+    private RouterFunction<ServerResponse> routingFunction() {
+
+        return route(GET("/p?ths"), serverRequest -> ok().body(fromObject("/p?ths"))).andRoute(GET("/test/{*id}"), serverRequest -> ok().body(fromObject(serverRequest.pathVariable("id"))))
+            .andRoute(GET("/*card"), serverRequest -> ok().body(fromObject("/*card path was accessed")))
+            .andRoute(GET("/{var1}_{var2}"), serverRequest -> ok().body(fromObject(serverRequest.pathVariable("var1") + " , " + serverRequest.pathVariable("var2"))))
+            .andRoute(GET("/{baeldung:[a-z]+}"), serverRequest -> ok().body(fromObject("/{baeldung:[a-z]+} was accessed and baeldung=" + serverRequest.pathVariable("baeldung"))))
+            .and(RouterFunctions.resources("/files/{*filepaths}", new ClassPathResource("files/")));
+    }
+
+    WebServer start() throws Exception {
+        WebHandler webHandler = (WebHandler) toHttpHandler(routingFunction());
+        HttpHandler httpHandler = WebHttpHandlerBuilder.webHandler(webHandler)
+            .prependFilter(new IndexRewriteFilter())
+            .build();
+
+        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
+        tomcat.setHostname("localhost");
+        tomcat.setPort(9090);
+        Context rootContext = tomcat.addContext("", System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+        ServletHttpHandlerAdapter servlet = new ServletHttpHandlerAdapter(httpHandler);
+        Tomcat.addServlet(rootContext, "httpHandlerServlet", servlet);
+        rootContext.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "httpHandlerServlet");
+
+        TomcatWebServer server = new TomcatWebServer(tomcat);
+        server.start();
+        return server;
+
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        try {
+            new FunctionalWebApplication().start();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+}

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionalSpringBootApplication.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecur
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunction;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
+import org.springframework.web.server.WebHandler;
 import org.springframework.web.server.adapter.WebHttpHandlerBuilder;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ public class FunctionalSpringBootApplication {
     @Bean
     public ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean() throws Exception {
         HttpHandler httpHandler = WebHttpHandlerBuilder
-          .webHandler(toHttpHandler(routingFunction()))
+          .webHandler((WebHandler) toHttpHandler(routingFunction()))
           .prependFilter(new IndexRewriteFilter())
           .build();
         ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(new RootServlet(httpHandler), "/");

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionalWebApplication.java

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class FunctionalWebApplication {
     }
 
     WebServer start() throws Exception {
-        WebHandler webHandler = toHttpHandler(routingFunction());
+        WebHandler webHandler = (WebHandler) toHttpHandler(routingFunction());
         HttpHandler httpHandler = WebHttpHandlerBuilder
           .webHandler(webHandler)
           .prependFilter(new IndexRewriteFilter())

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/IndexRewriteFilter.java

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class IndexRewriteFilter implements WebFilter {
               .mutate()
               .request(builder -> builder
                 .method(request.getMethod())
-                .contextPath(request.getContextPath())
+                .contextPath(request.getPath().toString())
                 .path("/test"))
               .build());
         }

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/RootServlet.java

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions.route;
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions.toHttpHandler;
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse.ok;
+import org.springframework.web.server.WebHandler;
 
 public class RootServlet extends ServletHttpHandlerAdapter {
 
     public RootServlet() {
         this(WebHttpHandlerBuilder
-          .webHandler(toHttpHandler(routingFunction()))
+          .webHandler((WebHandler) toHttpHandler(routingFunction()))
           .prependFilter(new IndexRewriteFilter())
           .build());
     }

spring-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/web/PathPatternController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.web;
+
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+
+@RestController
+public class PathPatternController {
+
+    @GetMapping("/spring5/{*id}")
+    public String URIVariableHandler(@PathVariable String id) {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/s?ring5")
+    public String wildcardTakingExactlyOneChar() {
+        return "/s?ring5";
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/spring5/*id")
+    public String wildcardTakingZeroOrMoreChar() {
+        return "/spring5/*id";
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/resources/**")
+    public String wildcardTakingZeroOrMorePathSegments() {
+        return "/resources/**";
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/{baeldung:[a-z]+}")
+    public String regexInPathVariable(@PathVariable String baeldung) {
+        return baeldung;
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/{var1}_{var2}")
+    public String multiplePathVariablesInSameSegment(@PathVariable String var1, @PathVariable String var2) {
+        return "Two variables are var1=" + var1 + " and var2=" + var2;
+    }
+}

spring-5/src/main/resources/files/test/test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+test

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/ParallelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ public class ParallelIntegrationTest {
 
     @Test
     public void runTests() {
-        final Class<?>[] classes = { Example1IntegrationTest.class, Example2IntegrationTest.class };
+        final Class<?>[] classes = {Example1IntegrationTest.class, Example2IntegrationTest.class};
 
         JUnitCore.runClasses(new Computer(), classes);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void runTestsInParallel() {
-        final Class<?>[] classes = { Example1IntegrationTest.class, Example2IntegrationTest.class };
+        final Class<?>[] classes = {Example1IntegrationTest.class, Example2IntegrationTest.class};
 
         JUnitCore.runClasses(new ParallelComputer(true, true), classes);
     }

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/Spring5JUnit4ConcurrentIntegrationTest.java

@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
-/**
- * @author aiet
- */
 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @ContextConfiguration(classes = Spring5JUnit4ConcurrentIntegrationTest.SimpleConfiguration.class)
 public class Spring5JUnit4ConcurrentIntegrationTest implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean {

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctionsTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer;
+import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
+
+public class ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctionsTest {
+
+    private static WebTestClient client;
+    private static WebServer server;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setup() throws Exception {
+        server = new ExploreSpring5URLPatternUsingRouterFunctions().start();
+        client = WebTestClient.bindToServer()
+            .baseUrl("http://localhost:" + server.getPort())
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void destroy() {
+        server.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRouter_whenGetPathWithSingleCharWildcard_thenGotPathPattern() throws Exception {
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/paths")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("/p?ths");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRouter_whenMultipleURIVariablePattern_thenGotPathVariable() throws Exception {
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/test/ab/cd")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("/ab/cd");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRouter_whenGetMultipleCharWildcard_thenGotPathPattern() throws Exception {
+
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/wildcard")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("/*card path was accessed");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRouter_whenGetMultiplePathVaribleInSameSegment_thenGotPathVariables() throws Exception {
+
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/baeldung_tutorial")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("baeldung , tutorial");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRouter_whenGetRegexInPathVarible_thenGotPathVariable() throws Exception {
+
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/abcd")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("/{baeldung:[a-z]+} was accessed and baeldung=abcd");
+
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/1234")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .is4xxClientError();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenResources_whenAccess_thenGot() throws Exception {
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/files/test/test.txt")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("test");
+
+        client.get()
+            .uri("/files/hello.txt")
+            .exchange()
+            .expectStatus()
+            .isOk()
+            .expectBody(String.class)
+            .isEqualTo("hello");
+    }
+
+}

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionalWebApplicationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
-
 import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
 import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jupiter/Spring5JUnit5ComposedAnnotationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 class Spring5JUnit5ComposedAnnotationIntegrationTest {
 
     @Autowired
-    Task task;
+    private Task task;
 
     @Autowired
-    List<Task> tasks;
+    private List<Task> tasks;
 
     @Test
     @DisplayName("ApplicationContext injected into method")

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jupiter/Spring5JUnit5IntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.jupiter;
 
 import com.baeldung.web.reactive.Task;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
 @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
 @ContextConfiguration(classes = TestConfig.class)
 class Spring5JUnit5IntegrationTest {
 
     @Autowired
-    Task task;
+    private Task task;
 
     @Test
     void givenAMethodName_whenInjecting_thenApplicationContextInjectedIntoMetho(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jupiter/Spring5JUnit5ParallelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.Computer;
 import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
 
-public class Spring5JUnit5ParallelIntegrationTest {
+class Spring5JUnit5ParallelIntegrationTest {
 
     @Test
-    public void givenTwoTestClasses_whenJUnitRunParallel_thenTheTestsExecutingParallel() {
+    void givenTwoTestClasses_whenJUnitRunParallel_thenTheTestsExecutingParallel() {
         final Class<?>[] classes = {
           Example1IntegrationTest.class, Example2IntegrationTest.class
         };
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class Spring5JUnit5ParallelIntegrationTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenTwoTestClasses_whenJUnitRunParallel_thenTheTestsExecutingLinear() {
+    void givenTwoTestClasses_whenJUnitRunParallel_thenTheTestsExecutingLinear() {
         final Class<?>[] classes = {
           Example1IntegrationTest.class, Example2IntegrationTest.class
         };

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jupiter/Spring5Java8NewFeaturesIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 package com.baeldung.jupiter;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
-public class Spring5Java8NewFeaturesIntegrationTest {
+class Spring5Java8NewFeaturesIntegrationTest {
 
     @FunctionalInterface
     public interface FunctionalInterfaceExample<Input, Result> {
         Result reverseString(Input input);
     }
 
-    public class StringUtils{
+    public class StringUtils {
-        public FunctionalInterfaceExample<String, String>
+        FunctionalInterfaceExample<String, String>
-          functionLambdaString = s -> {
+          functionLambdaString = s -> Pattern.compile(" +").splitAsStream(s)
-          return Pattern.compile(" +").splitAsStream(s)
+          .map(word -> new StringBuilder(word).reverse())
-          .map(word->new StringBuilder(word).reverse())
           .collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
-        };
     }
 
     @Test

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jupiter/Spring5ReactiveServerClientIntegrationTest.java

@@ -3,16 +3,8 @@ package com.baeldung.jupiter;
 import com.baeldung.web.reactive.Task;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
-import org.springframework.http.client.reactive.ReactorClientHttpConnector;
 import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.HttpHandler;
 import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter;
-import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
-import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.ClientRequest;
-import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.ExchangeFunction;
-import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.ExchangeFunctions;
-import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunction;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
@@ -21,10 +13,8 @@ import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 import reactor.ipc.netty.NettyContext;
 import reactor.ipc.netty.http.server.HttpServer;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.time.Duration;
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates.GET;
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates.POST;
 

spring-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/web/PathPatternsUsingHandlerMethodIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package com.baeldung.web;
+
+import com.baeldung.Spring5Application;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
+import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
+
+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+@SpringBootTest(classes = Spring5Application.class)
+public class PathPatternsUsingHandlerMethodIntegrationTest {
+
+    private static WebTestClient client;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUp() {
+        client = WebTestClient.bindToController(new PathPatternController())
+          .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlerMethod_whenMultipleURIVariablePattern_then200() {
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/spring5/ab/cd")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is2xxSuccessful()
+          .expectBody()
+          .equals("/ab/cd");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlerMethod_whenURLWithWildcardTakingZeroOrMoreChar_then200() {
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/spring5/userid")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is2xxSuccessful()
+          .expectBody()
+          .equals("/spring5/*id");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlerMethod_whenURLWithWildcardTakingExactlyOneChar_then200() {
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/string5")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is2xxSuccessful()
+          .expectBody()
+          .equals("/s?ring5");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlerMethod_whenURLWithWildcardTakingZeroOrMorePathSegments_then200() {
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/resources/baeldung")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is2xxSuccessful()
+          .expectBody()
+          .equals("/resources/**");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlerMethod_whenURLWithRegexInPathVariable_thenExpectedOutput() {
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/abc")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is2xxSuccessful()
+          .expectBody()
+          .equals("abc");
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/123")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is4xxClientError();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlerMethod_whenURLWithMultiplePathVariablesInSameSegment_then200() {
+
+        client.get()
+          .uri("/baeldung_tutorial")
+          .exchange()
+          .expectStatus()
+          .is2xxSuccessful()
+          .expectBody()
+          .equals("Two variables are var1=baeldung and var2=tutorial");
+    }
+
+}

spring-core/README.md

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 - [Constructor Dependency Injection in Spring](http://www.baeldung.com/constructor-injection-in-spring)
 - [Constructor Injection in Spring with Lombok](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-injection-lombok)
 - [A Quick Guide to Spring @Value](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-value-annotation)
+- [Spring YAML Configuration](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-yaml)

spring-core/pom.xml

@@ -58,12 +58,17 @@
             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
             <version>${lombok.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
+            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
             <version>${mockito.spring.boot.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
+         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>

spring-core/src/main/java/com/baeldung/yaml/MyApplication.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
+ * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
+ * and open the template in the editor.
+ */
+package com.baeldung.yaml;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class MyApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private YAMLConfig myConfig;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(MyApplication.class);
+        app.run();
+    }
+
+    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
+        System.out.println("using environment:" + myConfig.getEnvironment());
+        System.out.println("name:" + myConfig.getName());
+        System.out.println("servers:" + myConfig.getServers());
+    }
+
+}

spring-core/src/main/java/com/baeldung/yaml/YAMLConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.yaml;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
+import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+
+@Configuration
+@EnableConfigurationProperties
+@ConfigurationProperties
+public class YAMLConfig {
+    private String name;
+    private String environment;
+    private List<String> servers = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+    public List<String> getServers() {
+        return servers;
+    }
+
+    public void setServers(List<String> servers) {
+        this.servers = servers;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getEnvironment() {
+        return environment;
+    }
+
+    public void setEnvironment(String environment) {
+        this.environment = environment;
+    }
+
+}

spring-core/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-someInitialValue=This is only sample value
+spring.profiles.active=prod
-anotherValue=Another configured value
+

spring-core/src/main/resources/application.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+spring:
+    profiles: test
+name: test-YAML
+environment: test
+servers:
+    - www.abc.test.com
+    - www.xyz.test.com
+    
+---
+
+spring:
+    profiles: prod
+name: prod-YAML
+environment: production
+servers:
+    - www.abc.com
+    - www.xyz.com

spring-jooq/pom.xml

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>spring-jooq</artifactId>
-    <artifactId>sprin-jooq</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <parent>

spring-mvc-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/aop/AopPublishingIntegrationTest.java

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
-@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
+@ContextConfiguration(classes = {TestConfig.class}, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
 public class AopPublishingIntegrationTest {
 
     @Before

spring-security-mvc-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/web/ApplicationLiveTest.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import io.restassured.authentication.FormAuthConfig;
 import io.restassured.response.Response;
 import io.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification;
 
-public class LiveTest {
+public class ApplicationLiveTest {
 
     private final FormAuthConfig formAuthConfig = new FormAuthConfig("http://localhost:8082/spring-security-mvc-boot/login", "username", "password");
 

spring-security-mvc-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/web/CustomUserDetailsServiceIntegrationTest.java

@@ -21,22 +21,22 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 
 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
-@SpringBootTest(classes = { MvcConfig.class, SecurityConfig.class, PersistenceConfig.class })
+@SpringBootTest(classes = {MvcConfig.class, SecurityConfig.class, PersistenceConfig.class})
 @WebAppConfiguration
 public class CustomUserDetailsServiceIntegrationTest {
 
-    public static final String USERNAME = "user";
+    private static final String USERNAME = "user";
-    public static final String PASSWORD = "pass";
+    private static final String PASSWORD = "pass";
-    public static final String USERNAME2 = "user2";
+    private static final String USERNAME2 = "user2";
 
     @Autowired
-    UserRepository myUserRepository;
+    private UserRepository myUserRepository;
 
     @Autowired
-    AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;
+    private AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;
 
     @Autowired
-    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
 
     //
 

spring-security-mvc-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/web/MultipleAuthProvidersApplicationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package org.baeldung.web;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+import org.baeldung.multipleauthproviders.MultipleAuthProvidersApplication;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
+
+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT, classes = MultipleAuthProvidersApplication.class)
+public class MultipleAuthProvidersApplicationIntegrationTest {
+    @Autowired
+    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMemUsers_whenGetPingWithValidUser_thenOk() {
+        ResponseEntity<String> result = makeRestCallToGetPing("memuser", "pass");
+
+        assertThat(result.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
+        assertThat(result.getBody()).isEqualTo("OK");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenExternalUsers_whenGetPingWithValidUser_thenOK() {
+        ResponseEntity<String> result = makeRestCallToGetPing("externaluser", "pass");
+
+        assertThat(result.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
+        assertThat(result.getBody()).isEqualTo("OK");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAuthProviders_whenGetPingWithNoCred_then401() {
+        ResponseEntity<String> result = makeRestCallToGetPing();
+
+        assertThat(result.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(401);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAuthProviders_whenGetPingWithBadCred_then401() {
+        ResponseEntity<String> result = makeRestCallToGetPing("user", "bad_password");
+
+        assertThat(result.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(401);
+    }
+
+    private ResponseEntity<String> makeRestCallToGetPing(String username, String password) {
+        return restTemplate.withBasicAuth(username, password)
+            .getForEntity("/api/ping", String.class, Collections.emptyMap());
+    }
+
+    private ResponseEntity<String> makeRestCallToGetPing() {
+        return restTemplate.getForEntity("/api/ping", String.class, Collections.emptyMap());
+    }
+}

spring-security-mvc-boot/src/test/java/org/baeldung/web/MultipleEntryPointsIntegrationTest.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.request.SecurityMock
 @WebAppConfiguration
 @SpringBootTest(classes = MultipleEntryPointsApplication.class)
 public class MultipleEntryPointsIntegrationTest {
+
     @Autowired
     private WebApplicationContext wac;
 

spring-vertx/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vertxspring/repository/ArticleRepository.java

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.vertxspring.repository;
 
-import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
-
 import com.baeldung.vertxspring.entity.Article;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
-@Repository
+public interface ArticleRepository extends JpaRepository<Article, Long> {
-public interface ArticleRepository extends CrudRepository<Article, Long> {
-
 }

spring-vertx/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vertxspring/service/ArticleService.java

@@ -1,25 +1,20 @@
 package com.baeldung.vertxspring.service;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
 import com.baeldung.vertxspring.entity.Article;
 import com.baeldung.vertxspring.repository.ArticleRepository;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import java.util.List;
 
 @Service
 public class ArticleService {
 
     @Autowired
-    ArticleRepository articleRepository;
+    private ArticleRepository articleRepository;
 
     public List<Article> getAllArticle() {
-        List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>();
+        return articleRepository.findAll();
-        articleRepository.findAll()
-            .forEach(articles::add);
-        return articles;
     }
 
 }