Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master'

# Conflicts:
#	core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/generics/Generics.java
#	core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/generics/GenericsTest.java

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/generics/Generics.java

@@ -13,12 +13,11 @@ public class Generics {
     }
 
     // definition of a generic method
-    public static <T, G> List<G> fromArrayToList(T[] a, Function<T, G> mapperFunction) {
+    public static <T, G> List<G> fromArrayToList(T[] a, List<G> list, Function<T, G> mapperFunction) {
-        return Arrays.stream(a).map(mapperFunction)
+        List<T> listWithTypeT = Arrays.stream(a).collect(Collectors.toList());
-          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        return listWithTypeT.stream().map(mapperFunction).collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
 
-
     // example of a generic method that has Number as an upper bound for T
     public static <T extends Number> List<T> fromArrayToListWithUpperBound(T[] a) {
         return Arrays.stream(a).collect(Collectors.toList());

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/generics/GenericsTest.java

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class GenericsTest {
     // testing the generic method with Integer
     @Test
     public void givenArrayOfIntegers_thanListOfIntegersReturnedOK() {
-        Integer[] intArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        Integer[] intArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
         List<Integer> list = Generics.fromArrayToList(intArray);
 
         assertThat(list, hasItems(intArray));
@@ -23,15 +23,16 @@ public class GenericsTest {
     // testing the generic method with Integer and String type
     @Test
     public void givenArrayOfIntegers_thanListOfStringReturnedOK() {
-        Integer[] intArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        Integer[] intArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
-        List<String> stringList = Generics.fromArrayToList(intArray, Object::toString);
+        List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<>();
+        stringList = Generics.fromArrayToList(intArray, stringList, Object::toString);
         assertThat(stringList, hasItems("1", "2", "3", "4", "5"));
     }
 
     // testing the generic method with String
     @Test
     public void givenArrayOfStrings_thanListOfStringsReturnedOK() {
-        String[] stringArray = {"hello1", "hello2", "hello3", "hello4", "hello5"};
+        String[] stringArray = { "hello1", "hello2", "hello3", "hello4", "hello5" };
         List<String> list = Generics.fromArrayToList(stringArray);
 
         assertThat(list, hasItems(stringArray));
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ public class GenericsTest {
     // extend Number it will fail to compile
     @Test
     public void givenArrayOfIntegersAndNumberUpperBound_thanListOfIntegersReturnedOK() {
-        Integer[] intArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        Integer[] intArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
         List<Integer> list = Generics.fromArrayToListWithUpperBound(intArray);
 
         assertThat(list, hasItems(intArray));

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/nio2/async/AsyncEchoServer.java

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public class AsyncEchoServer {
                     ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(32);
                     Future<Integer> readResult = clientChannel.read(buffer);
 
-                    //do some computation
+                    // do some computation
 
                     readResult.get();
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class AsyncEchoServer {
                     buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(new String(message).getBytes());
                     Future<Integer> writeResult = clientChannel.write(buffer);
 
-					//do some computation
+                    // do some computation
                     writeResult.get();
                     buffer.clear();
 

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/nio2/async/AsyncEchoServer2.java

@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ public class AsyncEchoServer2 {
 
     }
 
-
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new AsyncEchoServer2();
     }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/optional/OptionalTest.java

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 package com.baeldung.java8.optional;
 
-import com.baeldung.java_8_features.Person;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.java_8_features.Person;
 
 public class OptionalTest {
     // creating Optional
@@ -87,13 +90,9 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     public void whenOptionalFilterWorks_thenCorrect() {
         Integer year = 2016;
         Optional<Integer> yearOptional = Optional.of(year);
-        boolean is2016 = yearOptional
+        boolean is2016 = yearOptional.filter(y -> y == 2016).isPresent();
-          .filter(y -> y == 2016)
-          .isPresent();
         assertTrue(is2016);
-        boolean is2017 = yearOptional
+        boolean is2017 = yearOptional.filter(y -> y == 2017).isPresent();
-          .filter(y -> y == 2017)
-          .isPresent();
         assertFalse(is2017);
     }
 
@@ -103,8 +102,7 @@ public class OptionalTest {
         List<String> companyNames = Arrays.asList("paypal", "oracle", "", "microsoft", "", "apple");
         Optional<List<String>> listOptional = Optional.of(companyNames);
 
-        int size = listOptional.map(List::size)
+        int size = listOptional.map(List::size).orElse(0);
-          .orElse(0);
         assertEquals(6, size);
     }
 
@@ -113,9 +111,7 @@ public class OptionalTest {
         String name = "baeldung";
         Optional<String> nameOptional = Optional.of(name);
 
-        int len = nameOptional
+        int len = nameOptional.map(String::length).orElse(0);
-          .map(String::length)
-          .orElse(0);
         assertEquals(8, len);
     }
 
@@ -123,14 +119,10 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     public void givenOptional_whenMapWorksWithFilter_thenCorrect() {
         String password = " password ";
         Optional<String> passOpt = Optional.of(password);
-        boolean correctPassword = passOpt
+        boolean correctPassword = passOpt.filter(pass -> pass.equals("password")).isPresent();
-          .filter(pass -> pass.equals("password"))
-          .isPresent();
         assertFalse(correctPassword);
 
-        correctPassword = passOpt.map(String::trim)
+        correctPassword = passOpt.map(String::trim).filter(pass -> pass.equals("password")).isPresent();
-          .filter(pass -> pass.equals("password"))
-          .isPresent();
         assertTrue(correctPassword);
     }
 
@@ -140,17 +132,12 @@ public class OptionalTest {
         Person person = new Person("john", 26);
         Optional<Person> personOptional = Optional.of(person);
 
-        Optional<Optional<String>> nameOptionalWrapper = personOptional
+        Optional<Optional<String>> nameOptionalWrapper = personOptional.map(Person::getName);
-          .map(Person::getName);
+        Optional<String> nameOptional = nameOptionalWrapper.orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
-        Optional<String> nameOptional = nameOptionalWrapper
+        String name1 = nameOptional.orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
-          .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
-        String name1 = nameOptional
-          .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
         assertEquals("john", name1);
 
-        String name = personOptional
+        String name = personOptional.flatMap(Person::getName).orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
-          .flatMap(Person::getName)
-          .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
         assertEquals("john", name);
     }
 
@@ -160,10 +147,7 @@ public class OptionalTest {
         person.setPassword("password");
         Optional<Person> personOptional = Optional.of(person);
 
-        String password = personOptional
+        String password = personOptional.flatMap(Person::getPassword).filter(cleanPass -> cleanPass.equals("password")).orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
-          .flatMap(Person::getPassword)
-          .filter(cleanPass -> cleanPass.equals("password"))
-          .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
         assertEquals("password", password);
     }
 
@@ -171,8 +155,7 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     @Test
     public void whenOrElseWorks_thenCorrect() {
         String nullName = null;
-        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName)
+        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName).orElse("john");
-          .orElse("john");
         assertEquals("john", name);
     }
 
@@ -180,8 +163,7 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     @Test
     public void whenOrElseGetWorks_thenCorrect() {
         String nullName = null;
-        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName)
+        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName).orElseGet(() -> "john");
-          .orElseGet(() -> "john");
         assertEquals("john", name);
 
     }
@@ -190,13 +172,11 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     public void whenOrElseGetAndOrElseOverlap_thenCorrect() {
         String text = null;
         System.out.println("Using orElseGet:");
-        String defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text)
+        String defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text).orElseGet(this::getMyDefault);
-          .orElseGet(this::getMyDefault);
         assertEquals("Default Value", defaultText);
 
         System.out.println("Using orElse:");
-        defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text)
+        defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text).orElse(getMyDefault());
-          .orElse(getMyDefault());
         assertEquals("Default Value", defaultText);
     }
 
@@ -204,13 +184,11 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     public void whenOrElseGetAndOrElseDiffer_thenCorrect() {
         String text = "Text present";
         System.out.println("Using orElseGet:");
-        String defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text)
+        String defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text).orElseGet(this::getMyDefault);
-          .orElseGet(this::getMyDefault);
         assertEquals("Text present", defaultText);
 
         System.out.println("Using orElse:");
-        defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text)
+        defaultText = Optional.ofNullable(text).orElse(getMyDefault());
-          .orElse(getMyDefault());
         assertEquals("Text present", defaultText);
     }
 
@@ -218,8 +196,7 @@ public class OptionalTest {
     @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
     public void whenOrElseThrowWorks_thenCorrect() {
         String nullName = null;
-        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName)
+        String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName).orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
-          .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
     }
 
     public String getMyDefault() {

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/java/collections/JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest.java

@@ -13,20 +13,18 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void whenJoiningTwoArrays_thenJoined() {
-        String[] animals1 = new String[]{"Dog", "Cat"};
+        String[] animals1 = new String[] { "Dog", "Cat" };
-        String[] animals2 = new String[]{"Bird", "Cow"};
+        String[] animals2 = new String[] { "Bird", "Cow" };
-        String[] result = Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(animals1), Arrays.stream(animals2))
+        String[] result = Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(animals1), Arrays.stream(animals2)).toArray(String[]::new);
-          .toArray(String[]::new);
 
-        assertArrayEquals(result, new String[]{"Dog", "Cat", "Bird", "Cow"});
+        assertArrayEquals(result, new String[] { "Dog", "Cat", "Bird", "Cow" });
     }
 
     @Test
     public void whenJoiningTwoCollections_thenJoined() {
         Collection<Integer> collection1 = Arrays.asList(7, 8, 9);
         Collection<Integer> collection2 = Arrays.asList(10, 11, 12);
-        Collection<Integer> result = Stream.concat(collection1.stream(), collection2.stream())
+        Collection<Integer> result = Stream.concat(collection1.stream(), collection2.stream()).collect(Collectors.toList());
-          .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         assertTrue(result.equals(Arrays.asList(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)));
     }
@@ -35,18 +33,15 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
     public void whenJoiningTwoCollectionsWithFilter_thenJoined() {
         Collection<Integer> collection1 = Arrays.asList(7, 8, 11);
         Collection<Integer> collection2 = Arrays.asList(9, 12, 10);
-        Collection<Integer> result = Stream.concat(collection1.stream(), collection2.stream())
+        Collection<Integer> result = Stream.concat(collection1.stream(), collection2.stream()).filter(next -> next <= 10).collect(Collectors.toList());
-          .filter(next -> next <= 10)
-          .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         assertTrue(result.equals(Arrays.asList(7, 8, 9, 10)));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void whenConvertArrayToString_thenConverted() {
-        String[] colors = new String[]{"Red", "Blue", "Green", "Yellow"};
+        String[] colors = new String[] { "Red", "Blue", "Green", "Yellow" };
-        String result = Arrays.stream(colors)
+        String result = Arrays.stream(colors).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-          .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
 
         assertEquals(result, "Red, Blue, Green, Yellow");
     }
@@ -54,8 +49,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
     @Test
     public void whenConvertCollectionToString_thenConverted() {
         Collection<String> directions = Arrays.asList("Left", "Right", "Top", "Bottom");
-        String result = directions.stream()
+        String result = directions.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-          .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
 
         assertEquals(result, "Left, Right, Top, Bottom");
     }
@@ -67,9 +61,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
         users.put(2, "Paul Smith");
         users.put(3, "Susan Anderson");
 
-        String result = users.entrySet().stream()
+        String result = users.entrySet().stream().map(entry -> entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue()).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-          .map(entry -> entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue())
-          .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
 
         assertEquals(result, "1 = John Doe, 2 = Paul Smith, 3 = Susan Anderson");
     }
@@ -80,10 +72,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
         nested.add(Arrays.asList("Left", "Right", "Top", "Bottom"));
         nested.add(Arrays.asList("Red", "Blue", "Green", "Yellow"));
 
-        String result = nested.stream()
+        String result = nested.stream().map(nextList -> nextList.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-"))).collect(Collectors.joining("; "));
-          .map(nextList -> nextList.stream()
-            .collect(Collectors.joining("-")))
-          .collect(Collectors.joining("; "));
 
         assertEquals(result, "Left-Right-Top-Bottom; Red-Blue-Green-Yellow");
     }
@@ -91,9 +80,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
     @Test
     public void whenConvertCollectionToStringAndSkipNull_thenConverted() {
         Collection<String> fruits = Arrays.asList("Apple", "Orange", null, "Grape");
-        String result = fruits.stream()
+        String result = fruits.stream().filter(Objects::nonNull).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-          .filter(Objects::nonNull)
-          .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
 
         assertEquals(result, "Apple, Orange, Grape");
     }
@@ -121,9 +108,8 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void whenSplitArrayByWordLength_thenConverted() {
-        String[] words = new String[]{"bye", "cold", "it", "and", "my", "word"};
+        String[] words = new String[] { "bye", "cold", "it", "and", "my", "word" };
-        Map<Integer, List<String>> result = Arrays.stream(words)
+        Map<Integer, List<String>> result = Arrays.stream(words).collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length));
-          .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length));
 
         assertTrue(result.get(2).equals(Arrays.asList("it", "my")));
         assertTrue(result.get(3).equals(Arrays.asList("bye", "and")));
@@ -135,7 +121,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
         String colors = "Red, Blue, Green, Yellow";
         String[] result = colors.split(", ");
 
-        assertArrayEquals(result, new String[]{"Red", "Blue", "Green", "Yellow"});
+        assertArrayEquals(result, new String[] { "Red", "Blue", "Green", "Yellow" });
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -150,9 +136,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
     public void whenConvertStringToMap_thenConverted() {
         String users = "1 = John Doe, 2 = Paul Smith, 3 = Susan Anderson";
 
-        Map<Integer, String> result = Arrays.stream(users.split(", "))
+        Map<Integer, String> result = Arrays.stream(users.split(", ")).map(next -> next.split(" = ")).collect(Collectors.toMap(entry -> Integer.parseInt(entry[0]), entry -> entry[1]));
-          .map(next -> next.split(" = "))
-          .collect(Collectors.toMap(entry -> Integer.parseInt(entry[0]), entry -> entry[1]));
 
         assertEquals(result.get(1), "John Doe");
         assertEquals(result.get(2), "Paul Smith");
@@ -163,10 +147,7 @@ public class JoinSplitCollectionsUnitTest {
     public void whenConvertCollectionToStringMultipleSeparators_thenConverted() {
         String fruits = "Apple. , Orange, Grape. Lemon";
 
-        Collection<String> result = Arrays.stream(fruits.split("[,|.]"))
+        Collection<String> result = Arrays.stream(fruits.split("[,|.]")).map(String::trim).filter(next -> !next.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());
-          .map(String::trim)
-          .filter(next -> !next.isEmpty())
-          .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         assertTrue(result.equals(Arrays.asList("Apple", "Orange", "Grape", "Lemon")));
     }