Merge remote-tracking branch 'eugenp/master'

.travis.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ before_install:
   - echo "MAVEN_OPTS='-Xmx2048M -Xss128M -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit'" > ~/.mavenrc
 
 install: skip
-script: travis_wait 60 mvn -q install -Pdefault-first,default-second
+script: travis_wait 60 mvn -q install -Pdefault-first,default-second -Dgib.enabled=true
 
 sudo: required
 

algorithms-miscellaneous-2/README.md

@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@
 - [Round Up to the Nearest Hundred](https://www.baeldung.com/java-round-up-nearest-hundred)
 - [Calculate Percentage in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-calculate-percentage)
 - [Converting Between Byte Arrays and Hexadecimal Strings in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-byte-arrays-hex-strings)
+- [Convert Latitude and Longitude to a 2D Point in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-latitude-longitude)

cdi/pom.xml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
     <artifactId>cdi</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
+    
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
         <artifactId>parent-spring-4</artifactId>
@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@
     </parent>
 
     <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.enterprise</groupId>
+            <artifactId>cdi-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${cdi-api.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jboss.weld.se</groupId>
+            <artifactId>weld-se-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${weld-se-core.version}</version>
+        </dependency>  
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
             <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
@@ -42,11 +52,6 @@
             <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
             <version>${aspectjweaver.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.jboss.weld.se</groupId>
-            <artifactId>weld-se-core</artifactId>
-            <version>${weld-se-core.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
@@ -54,13 +59,13 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-
     <properties>
-        <aspectjweaver.version>1.8.9</aspectjweaver.version>
+        <cdi-api.version>2.0.SP1</cdi-api.version>
-        <weld-se-core.version>2.4.1.Final</weld-se-core.version>
+        <weld-se-core.version>3.0.5.Final</weld-se-core.version>
+        <aspectjweaver.version>1.9.2</aspectjweaver.version>
         <hamcrest-core.version>1.3</hamcrest-core.version>
         <assertj-core.version>3.10.0</assertj-core.version>
         <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
+        <spring.version>5.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
     </properties>
-
 </project>

cdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cdi2observers/application/BootstrappingApplication.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.application;
+
+import com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.events.ExampleEvent;
+import javax.enterprise.inject.se.SeContainer;
+import javax.enterprise.inject.se.SeContainerInitializer;
+
+public class BootstrappingApplication {
+    
+    public static void main(String... args) {
+        SeContainerInitializer containerInitializer = SeContainerInitializer.newInstance();
+        try (SeContainer container = containerInitializer.initialize()) {
+            container.getBeanManager().fireEvent(new ExampleEvent("Welcome to Baeldung!"));
+        }
+    }
+}

cdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cdi2observers/events/ExampleEvent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.events;
+
+public class ExampleEvent {
+    
+   private final String eventMessage;
+
+    public ExampleEvent(String eventMessage) {
+        this.eventMessage = eventMessage;
+    }
+    
+    public String getEventMessage() {
+        return eventMessage;
+    }
+}

cdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cdi2observers/events/ExampleEventSource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.events;
+
+import javax.enterprise.event.Event;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+
+public class ExampleEventSource {
+    
+    @Inject
+    Event<ExampleEvent> exampleEvent;
+    
+    public void fireEvent() {
+        exampleEvent.fireAsync(new ExampleEvent("Welcome to Baeldung!"));
+    }   
+}

cdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cdi2observers/observers/AnotherExampleEventObserver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.observers;
+
+import com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.events.ExampleEvent;
+import javax.annotation.Priority;
+import javax.enterprise.event.Observes;
+
+public class AnotherExampleEventObserver {
+    
+    public String onEvent(@Observes @Priority(2) ExampleEvent event) {
+        return event.getEventMessage();
+    }   
+}

cdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cdi2observers/observers/ExampleEventObserver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.observers;
+
+import com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.events.ExampleEvent;
+import com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.services.TextService;
+import javax.annotation.Priority;
+import javax.enterprise.event.Observes;
+
+public class ExampleEventObserver {
+    
+    public String onEvent(@Observes @Priority(1) ExampleEvent event, TextService textService) {
+        return textService.parseText(event.getEventMessage());
+    } 
+}

cdi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cdi2observers/services/TextService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.services;
+
+public class TextService {
+
+    public String parseText(String text) {
+        return text.toUpperCase();
+    }
+}

cdi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/test/cdi2observers/tests/TextServiceUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.tests;
+
+import com.baeldung.cdi.cdi2observers.services.TextService;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TextServiceUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTextServiceInstance_whenCalledparseText_thenCorrect() {
+        TextService textService = new TextService();
+        assertThat(textService.parseText("Baeldung")).isEqualTo("BAELDUNG");
+    }
+}

core-java-10/README.md

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 - [Java 10 LocalVariable Type-Inference](http://www.baeldung.com/java-10-local-variable-type-inference)
 - [Guide to Java 10](http://www.baeldung.com/java-10-overview)
 - [Copy a List to Another List in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-list-to-another)
+- [Deep Dive Into the New Java JIT Compiler – Graal](https://www.baeldung.com/graal-java-jit-compiler)

core-java-8/README.md

@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@
 - [An Overview of Regular Expressions Performance in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-regex-performance)
 - [Java Primitives versus Objects](https://www.baeldung.com/java-primitives-vs-objects)
 - [How to Use if/else Logic in Java 8 Streams](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-streams-if-else-logic)
+- [How to Replace Many if Statements in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-replace-if-statements)

core-java-arrays/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/operations/ArrayOperations.java

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Array;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.IntPredicate;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
 
@@ -194,4 +196,16 @@ public class ArrayOperations {
     public static <T> T getRandomFromObjectArray(T[] array) {
         return array[new Random().nextInt(array.length)];
     }
+
+    public static Integer[] intersectionSimple(final Integer[] a, final Integer[] b){
+        return Stream.of(a).filter(Arrays.asList(b)::contains).toArray(Integer[]::new);
+    }
+
+    public static Integer[] intersectionSet(final Integer[] a, final Integer[] b){
+        return Stream.of(a).filter(Arrays.asList(b)::contains).distinct().toArray(Integer[]::new);
+    }
+
+    public static Integer[] intersectionMultiSet(final Integer[] a, final Integer[] b){
+        return Stream.of(a).filter(new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(b))::remove).toArray(Integer[]::new);
+    }
 }

core-java-arrays/src/test/java/com/baeldung/array/operations/IntersectionUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.operations;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static com.baeldung.array.operations.ArrayOperations.intersectionMultiSet;
+import static com.baeldung.array.operations.ArrayOperations.intersectionSet;
+import static com.baeldung.array.operations.ArrayOperations.intersectionSimple;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class IntersectionUnitTest {
+    private static final Integer[] a = { 1, 3, 2 };
+    private static final Integer[] b = { 4, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3 };
+    private static final Integer[] c = { 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2 };
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionSimpleIsUsed_thenCommonEntriesAreInTheResult() {
+        assertThat(intersectionSimple(a, b)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+        assertThat(intersectionSimple(b, a)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2, 2, 3, 3 });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionSimpleIsUsedWithAnArrayAndItself_thenTheResultIsTheIdentity() {
+        assertThat(intersectionSimple(b, b)).isEqualTo(b);
+        assertThat(intersectionSimple(a, a)).isEqualTo(a);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionSetIsUsed_thenCommonEntriesAreInTheResult() {
+        assertThat(intersectionSet(b, a)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionSetIsUsed_thenTheNumberOfEntriesDoesNotChangeWithTheParameterOrder() {
+        assertThat(intersectionSet(a, b)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+        assertThat(intersectionSet(b, a)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionSetIsUsedWithAnArrayAndWithItself_andTheInputHasNoDuplicateEntries_ThenTheResultIsTheIdentity() {
+        assertThat(intersectionSet(a, a)).isEqualTo(a);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionSetIsUsedWithAnArrayAndWithItself_andTheInputHasDuplicateEntries_ThenTheResultIsNotTheIdentity() {
+        assertThat(intersectionSet(b, b)).isNotEqualTo(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenMultiSetIsUsed_thenCommonEntriesAreInTheResult() {
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(b, a)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionMultiSetIsUsed_thenTheNumberOfEntriesDoesNotChangeWithTheParameterOrder() {
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(a, b)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(b, a)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2 });
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(b, c)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2, 2, 3, 3 });
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(c, b)).isEqualTo(new Integer[] { 3, 2, 3, 3, 2 });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenIntersectionMultiSetIsUsedWithAnArrayAndWithItself_ThenTheResultIsTheIdentity() {
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(b, b)).isEqualTo(b);
+        assertThat(intersectionMultiSet(a, a)).isEqualTo(a);
+    }
+}

core-java-collections/README.md

@@ -50,3 +50,4 @@
 - [Check If Two Lists are Equal in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-test-a-list-for-ordinality-and-equality)
 - [Java List Initialization in One Line](https://www.baeldung.com/java-init-list-one-line)
 - [ClassCastException: Arrays$ArrayList cannot be cast to ArrayList](https://www.baeldung.com/java-classcastexception-arrays-arraylist)
+- [A Guide to EnumMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-enum-map)

core-java-io/README.md

@@ -34,3 +34,4 @@
 - [Read a File into an ArrayList](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-to-arraylist)
 - [Guide to Java OutputStream](https://www.baeldung.com/java-outputstream)
 - [Reading a CSV File into an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-csv-file-array)
+- [Guide to BufferedReader](https://www.baeldung.com/java-buffered-reader)

core-java-lang/README.md

@@ -56,4 +56,5 @@
 - [How to Separate Double into Integer and Decimal Parts](https://www.baeldung.com/java-separate-double-into-integer-decimal-parts)
 - [“Sneaky Throws” in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-sneaky-throws)
 - [Inheritance and Composition (Is-a vs Has-a relationship) in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-inheritance-composition)
+- [A Guide to Constructors in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-constructors)
 

core-java/README.md

@@ -85,3 +85,6 @@
 - [A Guide to SimpleDateFormat](https://www.baeldung.com/java-simple-date-format)
 - [SSL Handshake Failures](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ssl-handshake-failures)
 - [Implementing a Binary Tree in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-binary-tree)
+- [Changing the Order in a Sum Operation Can Produce Different Results?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-floating-point-sum-order)
+- [Java – Try with Resources](https://www.baeldung.com/java-try-with-resources)
+- [Abstract Classes in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-abstract-class)

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/className/RetrievingClassName.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.className;
+
+public class RetrievingClassName {
+
+    public class InnerClass {
+
+    }
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/className/RetrievingClassNameUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package com.baeldung.className;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+public class RetrievingClassNameUnitTest {
+
+    // Retrieving Simple Name
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassName_whenGetSimpleName_thenRetrievingClassName() {
+        assertEquals("RetrievingClassName", RetrievingClassName.class.getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveInt_whenGetSimpleName_thenInt() {
+        assertEquals("int", int.class.getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameArray_whenGetSimpleName_thenRetrievingClassNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("RetrievingClassName[]", RetrievingClassName[].class.getSimpleName());
+        assertEquals("RetrievingClassName[][]", RetrievingClassName[][].class.getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnonymousClass_whenGetSimpleName_thenEmptyString() {
+        assertEquals("", new RetrievingClassName() {}.getClass().getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    // Retrieving Other Names
+    // - Primitive Types
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveInt_whenGetName_thenInt() {
+        assertEquals("int", int.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveInt_whenGetTypeName_thenInt() {
+        assertEquals("int", int.class.getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveInt_whenGetCanonicalName_thenInt() {
+        assertEquals("int", int.class.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    // - Object Types
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassName_whenGetName_thenCanonicalName() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName", RetrievingClassName.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassName_whenGetTypeName_thenCanonicalName() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName", RetrievingClassName.class.getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassName_whenGetCanonicalName_thenCanonicalName() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName", RetrievingClassName.class.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    // - Inner Classes
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameInnerClass_whenGetName_thenCanonicalNameWithDollarSeparator() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName$InnerClass", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameInnerClass_whenGetTypeName_thenCanonicalNameWithDollarSeparator() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName$InnerClass", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass.class.getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameInnerClass_whenGetCanonicalName_thenCanonicalName() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName.InnerClass", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass.class.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    // - Anonymous Classes
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnonymousClass_whenGetName_thenCallingClassCanonicalNameWithDollarSeparatorAndCountNumber() {
+        // These are the second and third appearences of an anonymous class in RetrievingClassNameUnitTest, hence $2 and $3 expectations
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassNameUnitTest$2", new RetrievingClassName() {}.getClass().getName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassNameUnitTest$3", new RetrievingClassName() {}.getClass().getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnonymousClass_whenGetTypeName_thenCallingClassCanonicalNameWithDollarSeparatorAndCountNumber() {
+        // These are the fourth and fifth appearences of an anonymous class in RetrievingClassNameUnitTest, hence $4 and $5 expectations
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassNameUnitTest$4", new RetrievingClassName() {}.getClass().getTypeName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassNameUnitTest$5", new RetrievingClassName() {}.getClass().getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnonymousClass_whenGetCanonicalName_thenNull() {
+        assertNull(new RetrievingClassName() {}.getClass().getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    // - Arrays
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveIntArray_whenGetName_thenOpeningBracketsAndPrimitiveIntLetter() {
+        assertEquals("[I", int[].class.getName());
+        assertEquals("[[I", int[][].class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameArray_whenGetName_thenOpeningBracketsLetterLAndRetrievingClassNameGetName() {
+        assertEquals("[Lcom.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName;", RetrievingClassName[].class.getName());
+        assertEquals("[[Lcom.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName;", RetrievingClassName[][].class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameInnerClassArray_whenGetName_thenOpeningBracketsLetterLAndRetrievingClassNameInnerClassGetName() {
+        assertEquals("[Lcom.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName$InnerClass;", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[].class.getName());
+        assertEquals("[[Lcom.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName$InnerClass;", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[][].class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveIntArray_whenGetTypeName_thenPrimitiveIntGetTypeNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("int[]", int[].class.getTypeName());
+        assertEquals("int[][]", int[][].class.getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameArray_whenGetTypeName_thenRetrievingClassNameGetTypeNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName[]", RetrievingClassName[].class.getTypeName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName[][]", RetrievingClassName[][].class.getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameInnerClassArray_whenGetTypeName_thenRetrievingClassNameInnerClassGetTypeNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName$InnerClass[]", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[].class.getTypeName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName$InnerClass[][]", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[][].class.getTypeName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPrimitiveIntArray_whenGetCanonicalName_thenPrimitiveIntGetCanonicalNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("int[]", int[].class.getCanonicalName());
+        assertEquals("int[][]", int[][].class.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameArray_whenGetCanonicalName_thenRetrievingClassNameGetCanonicalNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName[]", RetrievingClassName[].class.getCanonicalName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName[][]", RetrievingClassName[][].class.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRetrievingClassNameInnerClassArray_whenGetCanonicalName_thenRetrievingClassNameInnerClassGetCanonicalNameWithBrackets() {
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[]", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[].class.getCanonicalName());
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.className.RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[][]", RetrievingClassName.InnerClass[][].class.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+}

java-dates/README.md

@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@
 - [Add Hours To a Date In Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-add-hours-date)
 - [Guide to DateTimeFormatter](https://www.baeldung.com/java-datetimeformatter)
 - [Format ZonedDateTime to String](https://www.baeldung.com/java-format-zoned-datetime-string)
+- [Convert Between java.time.Instant and java.sql.Timestamp](Convert Between java.time.Instant and java.sql.Timestamp)

java-strings/src/main/java/com/baeldung/string/checkinputs/CheckIntegerInput.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.string.checkinputs;
+
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+public class CheckIntegerInput {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+        try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in)) {
+            System.out.println("Enter an integer : ");
+            
+            if (scanner.hasNextInt()) {
+                System.out.println("You entered : " + scanner.nextInt());
+            } else {
+                System.out.println("The input is not an integer");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

java-strings/src/main/java/com/baeldung/stringduplicates/RemoveDuplicateFromString.java

@@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromString {
     }
 
     String removeDuplicatesUsingSorting(String str) {
-
-        char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
-
-        Arrays.sort(chars);
-
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        sb.append(chars[0]);
+        if(!str.isEmpty()) {
-        for (int i = 1; i < chars.length; i++) {
+            char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
-            if (chars[i] != chars[i - 1]) {
+            Arrays.sort(chars);
-                sb.append(chars[i]);
+
+            sb.append(chars[0]);
+            for (int i = 1; i < chars.length; i++) {
+                if (chars[i] != chars[i - 1]) {
+                    sb.append(chars[i]);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -90,6 +90,13 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromString {
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
+
+    String removeDuplicatesUsingDistinct(String str) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        str.chars().distinct().forEach(c -> sb.append((char) c));
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
 }
 
 

java-strings/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringReplaceAndRemoveUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.string;
+
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class StringReplaceAndRemoveUnitTest {
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTestStrings_whenReplace_thenProcessedString() {
+
+        String master = "Hello World Baeldung!";
+        String target = "Baeldung";
+        String replacement = "Java";
+        String processed = master.replace(target, replacement);
+        assertTrue(processed.contains(replacement));
+        assertFalse(processed.contains(target));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTestStrings_whenReplaceAll_thenProcessedString() {
+
+        String master2 = "Welcome to Baeldung, Hello World Baeldung";
+        String regexTarget= "(Baeldung)$";
+        String replacement = "Java";
+        String processed2 = master2.replaceAll(regexTarget, replacement);
+        assertTrue(processed2.endsWith("Java"));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTestStrings_whenStringBuilderMethods_thenProcessedString() {
+
+        String master = "Hello World Baeldung!";
+        String target = "Baeldung";
+        String replacement = "Java";
+
+        int startIndex = master.indexOf(target);
+        int stopIndex = startIndex + target.length();
+
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(master);
+
+
+        builder.delete(startIndex, stopIndex);
+        assertFalse(builder.toString().contains(target));
+
+
+        builder.replace(startIndex, stopIndex, replacement);
+        assertTrue(builder.toString().contains(replacement));
+
+
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTestStrings_whenStringUtilsMethods_thenProcessedStrings() {
+
+        String master = "Hello World Baeldung!";
+        String target = "Baeldung";
+        String replacement = "Java";
+
+        String processed = StringUtils.replace(master, target, replacement);
+        assertTrue(processed.contains(replacement));
+
+        String master2 = "Hello World Baeldung!";
+        String target2 = "baeldung";
+        String processed2 = StringUtils.replaceIgnoreCase(master2, target2, replacement);
+        assertFalse(processed2.contains(target));
+
+    }
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+}

java-strings/src/test/java/com/baeldung/stringduplicates/RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest.java

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest {
 
     private final static String STR1 = "racecar";
     private final static String STR2 = "J2ee programming";
+    private final static String STR_EMPTY = "";
+
     private RemoveDuplicateFromString removeDuplicateFromString;
 
     @Before
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest {
     public void whenUsingCharArray_DuplicatesShouldBeRemovedWithoutKeepingStringOrder() {
         String str1 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingCharArray(STR1);
         String str2 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingCharArray(STR2);
+        String strEmpty = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingCharArray(STR_EMPTY);
+        Assert.assertEquals("", strEmpty);
         Assert.assertEquals("ecar", str1);
         Assert.assertEquals("J2e poraming", str2);
     }
@@ -28,6 +32,9 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest {
     public void whenUsingLinkedHashSet_DuplicatesShouldBeRemovedAndItKeepStringOrder() {
         String str1 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsinglinkedHashSet(STR1);
         String str2 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsinglinkedHashSet(STR2);
+
+        String strEmpty = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsinglinkedHashSet(STR_EMPTY);
+        Assert.assertEquals("", strEmpty);
         Assert.assertEquals("race", str1);
         Assert.assertEquals("J2e progamin", str2);
     }
@@ -36,6 +43,9 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest {
     public void whenUsingSorting_DuplicatesShouldBeRemovedWithoutKeepingStringOrder() {
         String str1 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingSorting(STR1);
         String str2 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingSorting(STR2);
+
+        String strEmpty = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingSorting(STR_EMPTY);
+        Assert.assertEquals("", strEmpty);
         Assert.assertEquals("acer", str1);
         Assert.assertEquals(" 2Jaegimnopr", str2);
     }
@@ -44,6 +54,8 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest {
     public void whenUsingHashSet_DuplicatesShouldBeRemovedWithoutKeepingStringOrder() {
         String str1 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingHashSet(STR1);
         String str2 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingHashSet(STR2);
+        String strEmpty = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingHashSet(STR_EMPTY);
+        Assert.assertEquals("", strEmpty);
         Assert.assertEquals("arce", str1);
         Assert.assertEquals(" pa2regiJmno", str2);
     }
@@ -52,7 +64,19 @@ public class RemoveDuplicateFromStringUnitTest {
     public void whenUsingIndexOf_DuplicatesShouldBeRemovedWithoutKeepingStringOrder() {
         String str1 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingIndexOf(STR1);
         String str2 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingIndexOf(STR2);
+        String strEmpty = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingIndexOf(STR_EMPTY);
+        Assert.assertEquals("", strEmpty);
         Assert.assertEquals("ecar", str1);
         Assert.assertEquals("J2e poraming", str2);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingJava8_DuplicatesShouldBeRemovedAndItKeepStringOrder() {
+        String str1 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingDistinct(STR1);
+        String str2 = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingDistinct(STR2);
+        String strEmpty = removeDuplicateFromString.removeDuplicatesUsingDistinct(STR_EMPTY);
+        Assert.assertEquals("", strEmpty);
+        Assert.assertEquals("race", str1);
+        Assert.assertEquals("J2e progamin", str2);
+    }
 }

jee-7/pom.xml

@@ -1,430 +1,537 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <artifactId>jee-7</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<artifactId>jee-7</artifactId>
-    <packaging>war</packaging>
+	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <description>JavaEE 7 Arquillian Archetype Sample</description>
+	<packaging>war</packaging>
+	<description>JavaEE 7 Arquillian Archetype Sample</description>
 
-    <parent>
+	<parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+		<groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
-        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    </parent>
+	</parent>
 
-    <dependencies>
+	<dependencies>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>javax</groupId>
+			<groupId>javax</groupId>
-            <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${javaee_api.version}</version>
+			<version>${javaee_api.version}</version>
-            <scope>provided</scope>
+			<scope>provided</scope>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId>
-            <artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId>
-            <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.graphene</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.graphene</groupId>
-            <artifactId>graphene-webdriver</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>graphene-webdriver</artifactId>
-            <version>${graphene-webdriver.version}</version>
+			<version>${graphene-webdriver.version}</version>
-            <type>pom</type>
+			<type>pom</type>
-            <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>com.jayway.awaitility</groupId>
+			<groupId>com.jayway.awaitility</groupId>
-            <artifactId>awaitility</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>awaitility</artifactId>
-            <version>${awaitility.version}</version>
+			<version>${awaitility.version}</version>
-            <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.resolver</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.resolver</groupId>
-            <artifactId>shrinkwrap-resolver-impl-maven</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>shrinkwrap-resolver-impl-maven</artifactId>
-            <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-            <type>jar</type>
+			<type>jar</type>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.resolver</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.resolver</groupId>
-            <artifactId>shrinkwrap-resolver-impl-maven-archive</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>shrinkwrap-resolver-impl-maven-archive</artifactId>
-            <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
-            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
-            <version>${httpclient.version}</version>
+			<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
+			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
-            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
-            <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
+			<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
+			<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${com.sun.faces.jsf.version}</version>
+			<version>${com.sun.faces.jsf.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
+			<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
-            <version>${com.sun.faces.jsf.version}</version>
+			<version>${com.sun.faces.jsf.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
-            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
+			<version>${jstl.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
-            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${javax.servlet-api.version}</version>
+			<version>${javax.servlet-api.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
+			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
+			<version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
-            <scope>provided</scope>
+			<scope>provided</scope>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
+			<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
-            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
-            <version>${taglibs.standard.version}</version>
+			<version>${taglibs.standard.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.mvc</groupId>
+			<groupId>javax.mvc</groupId>
-            <artifactId>javax.mvc-api</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>javax.mvc-api</artifactId>
-            <version>20160715</version>
+			<version>20160715</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.glassfish.ozark</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.glassfish.ozark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>ozark</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>ozark</artifactId>
-            <version>${ozark.version}</version>
+			<version>${ozark.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
-            <version>${org.springframework.security.version}</version>
+			<version>${org.springframework.security.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
-            <version>${org.springframework.security.version}</version>
+			<version>${org.springframework.security.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-        <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
-            <version>${org.springframework.security.version}</version>
+			<version>${org.springframework.security.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependencies>
+		<!-- Batch dependencies -->
 
-    <build>
+		<dependency>
-        <plugins>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.batch</groupId>
-            <plugin>
+			<artifactId>jboss-batch-api_1.0_spec</artifactId>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+			<version>1.0.0.Final</version>
-                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-                <version>${maven-war-plugin.version}</version>
+		<dependency>
-                <configuration>
+			<groupId>org.jberet</groupId>
-                    <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
+			<artifactId>jberet-core</artifactId>
-                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
+			<version>1.0.2.Final</version>
-                </configuration>
+		</dependency>
-            </plugin>
+		<dependency>
-        </plugins>
+			<groupId>org.jberet</groupId>
-    </build>
+			<artifactId>jberet-support</artifactId>
+			<version>1.0.2.Final</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec</artifactId>
+			<version>1.0.0.Final</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.marshalling</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jboss-marshalling</artifactId>
+			<version>1.4.2.Final</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.weld</groupId>
+			<artifactId>weld-core</artifactId>
+			<version>2.1.1.Final</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.jboss.weld.se</groupId>
+			<artifactId>weld-se</artifactId>
+			<version>2.1.1.Final</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.jberet</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jberet-se</artifactId>
+			<version>1.0.2.Final</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+			<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+			<version>1.4.178</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
+			<artifactId>jersey-container-jetty-servlet</artifactId>
+			<version>2.22.1</version>
+		</dependency>
+	</dependencies>
 
-    <dependencyManagement>
+	<build>
-        <dependencies>
+		<plugins>
-            <dependency>
+			<plugin>
-                <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>arquillian-bom</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>${arquillian_core.version}</version>
+				<version>${maven-war-plugin.version}</version>
-                <scope>import</scope>
+				<configuration>
-                <type>pom</type>
+					<warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
-            </dependency>
+					<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
-            <dependency>
+				</configuration>
-                <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.extension</groupId>
+			</plugin>
-                <artifactId>arquillian-drone-bom</artifactId>
+		</plugins>
-                <version>${arquillian-drone-bom.version}</version>
+		<pluginManagement>
-                <type>pom</type>
+			<plugins>
-                <scope>import</scope>
+				<!--This plugin's configuration is used to store Eclipse m2e settings 
-            </dependency>
+					only. It has no influence on the Maven build itself. -->
-        </dependencies>
+				<plugin>
-    </dependencyManagement>
+					<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
+					<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
+					<version>1.0.0</version>
+					<configuration>
+						<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
+							<pluginExecutions>
+								<pluginExecution>
+									<pluginExecutionFilter>
+										<groupId>
+											org.apache.maven.plugins
+										</groupId>
+										<artifactId>
+											maven-pmd-plugin
+										</artifactId>
+										<versionRange>
+											[3.8,)
+										</versionRange>
+										<goals>
+											<goal>check</goal>
+										</goals>
+									</pluginExecutionFilter>
+									<action>
+										<ignore></ignore>
+									</action>
+								</pluginExecution>
+							</pluginExecutions>
+						</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
+					</configuration>
+				</plugin>
+			</plugins>
+		</pluginManagement>
+	</build>
 
-    <profiles>
+	<dependencyManagement>
-        <profile>
+		<dependencies>
-            <id>wildfly-managed-arquillian</id>
+			<dependency>
-            <activation>
+				<groupId>org.jboss.arquillian</groupId>
-                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
+				<artifactId>arquillian-bom</artifactId>
-            </activation>
+				<version>${arquillian_core.version}</version>
-            <properties>
+				<scope>import</scope>
-                <serverProfile>standalone-full.xml</serverProfile>
+				<type>pom</type>
-                <serverRoot>${project.build.directory}/wildfly-${version.wildfly}</serverRoot>
+			</dependency>
-            </properties>
+			<dependency>
-            <dependencies>
+				<groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.extension</groupId>
-                <dependency>
+				<artifactId>arquillian-drone-bom</artifactId>
-                    <groupId>io.undertow</groupId>
+				<version>${arquillian-drone-bom.version}</version>
-                    <artifactId>undertow-websockets-jsr</artifactId>
+				<type>pom</type>
-                    <version>${undertow-websockets-jsr.version}</version>
+				<scope>import</scope>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
+			</dependency>
-                </dependency>
+		</dependencies>
-                <dependency>
+	</dependencyManagement>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>resteasy-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>resteasy-jaxb-provider</artifactId>
-                    <version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>resteasy-json-p-provider</artifactId>
-                    <version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.wildfly</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>wildfly-arquillian-container-managed</artifactId>
-                    <version>${wildfly.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-            </dependencies>
 
-            <build>
+	<profiles>
-                <pluginManagement>
+		<profile>
-                    <plugins>
+			<id>wildfly-managed-arquillian</id>
-                        <plugin>
+			<activation>
-                            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
+				<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
-                            <version>${maven-dependency-plugin.version}</version>
+			</activation>
-                            <configuration>
+			<properties>
-                                <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip>
+				<serverProfile>standalone-full.xml</serverProfile>
-                            </configuration>
+				<serverRoot>${project.build.directory}/wildfly-${version.wildfly}</serverRoot>
-                            <executions>
+			</properties>
-                                <execution>
+			<dependencies>
-                                    <id>unpack</id>
+				<dependency>
-                                    <phase>process-test-classes</phase>
+					<groupId>io.undertow</groupId>
-                                    <goals>
+					<artifactId>undertow-websockets-jsr</artifactId>
-                                        <goal>unpack</goal>
+					<version>${undertow-websockets-jsr.version}</version>
-                                    </goals>
+					<scope>test</scope>
-                                    <configuration>
+				</dependency>
-                                        <artifactItems>
+				<dependency>
-                                            <artifactItem>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                                                <groupId>org.wildfly</groupId>
+					<artifactId>resteasy-client</artifactId>
-                                                <artifactId>wildfly-dist</artifactId>
+					<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                                                <version>${wildfly.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
-                                                <type>zip</type>
+				</dependency>
-                                                <overWrite>false</overWrite>
+				<dependency>
-                                                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                                            </artifactItem>
+					<artifactId>resteasy-jaxb-provider</artifactId>
-                                        </artifactItems>
+					<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                                    </configuration>
+					<scope>test</scope>
-                                </execution>
+				</dependency>
-                            </executions>
+				<dependency>
-                        </plugin>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                        <plugin>
+					<artifactId>resteasy-json-p-provider</artifactId>
-                            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+					<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                            <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
-                            <configuration>
+				</dependency>
-                                <environmentVariables>
+				<dependency>
-                                    <JBOSS_HOME>${project.build.directory}/wildfly-${wildfly.version}</JBOSS_HOME>
+					<groupId>org.wildfly</groupId>
-                                </environmentVariables>
+					<artifactId>wildfly-arquillian-container-managed</artifactId>
-                            </configuration>
+					<version>${wildfly.version}</version>
-                        </plugin>
+					<scope>test</scope>
-                    </plugins>
+					<exclusions>
-                </pluginManagement>
+						<exclusion>
-            </build>
+							<groupId>sun.jdk</groupId>
-        </profile>
+							<artifactId>jconsole</artifactId>
-        <profile>
+						</exclusion>
-            <id>wildfly-remote-arquillian</id>
+					</exclusions>
-            <dependencies>
+				</dependency>
-                <dependency>
+			</dependencies>
-                    <groupId>io.undertow</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>undertow-websockets-jsr</artifactId>
-                    <version>${undertow-websockets-jsr.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>resteasy-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>resteasy-jaxb-provider</artifactId>
-                    <version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>resteasy-json-p-provider</artifactId>
-                    <version>${resteasy.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.wildfly</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>wildfly-arquillian-container-remote</artifactId>
-                    <version>${wildfly.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-            </dependencies>
-        </profile>
-        <profile>
-            <id>glassfish-embedded-arquillian</id>
-            <dependencies>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.main.extras</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>glassfish-embedded-all</artifactId>
-                    <version>${glassfish-embedded-all.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>javax.json</artifactId>
-                    <version>${javax.json.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>tyrus-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${tyrus.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>tyrus-container-grizzly-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${tyrus.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${jersey.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.container</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>arquillian-glassfish-embedded-3.1</artifactId>
-                    <version>${arquillian-glassfish.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-            </dependencies>
-        </profile>
-        <profile>
-            <id>glassfish-remote-arquillian</id>
-            <dependencies>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>javax.json</artifactId>
-                    <version>${javax.json.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>tyrus-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${tyrus.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>tyrus-container-grizzly-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${tyrus.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
-                    <version>${jersey.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId>
-                    <version>${jersey.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>jersey-media-json-processing</artifactId>
-                    <version>${jersey.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-                <dependency>
-                    <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.container</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>arquillian-glassfish-remote-3.1</artifactId>
-                    <version>${arquillian-glassfish.version}</version>
-                    <scope>test</scope>
-                </dependency>
-            </dependencies>
-        </profile>
-        <profile>
-            <id>webdriver-chrome</id>
-            <activation>
-                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
-            </activation>
-            <properties>
-                <browser>chrome</browser>
-            </properties>
-        </profile>
-        <profile>
-            <id>webdriver-firefox</id>
-            <properties>
-                <browser>firefox</browser>
-            </properties>
-        </profile>
-    </profiles>
 
-    <repositories>
+			<build>
-        <repository>
+				<pluginManagement>
-            <id>bintray-mvc-spec-maven</id>
+					<plugins>
-            <name>bintray</name>
+						<plugin>
-            <url>http://dl.bintray.com/mvc-spec/maven</url>
+							<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
-            <releases>
+							<version>${maven-dependency-plugin.version}</version>
-                <enabled>true</enabled>
+							<configuration>
-            </releases>
+								<skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip>
-            <snapshots>
+							</configuration>
-                <enabled>false</enabled>
+							<executions>
-            </snapshots>
+								<execution>
-        </repository>
+									<id>unpack</id>
-    </repositories>
+									<phase>process-test-classes</phase>
+									<goals>
+										<goal>unpack</goal>
+									</goals>
+									<configuration>
+										<artifactItems>
+											<artifactItem>
+												<groupId>org.wildfly</groupId>
+												<artifactId>wildfly-dist</artifactId>
+												<version>${wildfly.version}</version>
+												<type>zip</type>
+												<overWrite>false</overWrite>
+												<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
+												<exclusions>
+													<exclusion>
+														<groupId>sun.jdk</groupId>
+														<artifactId>jconsole</artifactId>
+													</exclusion>
+												</exclusions>
+											</artifactItem>
+										</artifactItems>
+									</configuration>
+								</execution>
+							</executions>
+						</plugin>
+						<plugin>
+							<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+							<version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
+							<configuration>
+								<environmentVariables>
+									<JBOSS_HOME>${project.build.directory}/wildfly-${wildfly.version}</JBOSS_HOME>
+								</environmentVariables>
+							</configuration>
+						</plugin>
+					</plugins>
+				</pluginManagement>
+			</build>
+		</profile>
+		<profile>
+			<id>wildfly-remote-arquillian</id>
+			<dependencies>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>io.undertow</groupId>
+					<artifactId>undertow-websockets-jsr</artifactId>
+					<version>${undertow-websockets-jsr.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
+					<artifactId>resteasy-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
+					<artifactId>resteasy-jaxb-provider</artifactId>
+					<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
+					<artifactId>resteasy-json-p-provider</artifactId>
+					<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.wildfly</groupId>
+					<artifactId>wildfly-arquillian-container-remote</artifactId>
+					<version>${wildfly.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+					<exclusions>
+						<exclusion>
+							<groupId>sun.jdk</groupId>
+							<artifactId>jconsole</artifactId>
+						</exclusion>
+					</exclusions>
+				</dependency>
+			</dependencies>
+		</profile>
+		<profile>
+			<id>glassfish-embedded-arquillian</id>
+			<dependencies>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.main.extras</groupId>
+					<artifactId>glassfish-embedded-all</artifactId>
+					<version>${glassfish-embedded-all.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
+					<artifactId>javax.json</artifactId>
+					<version>${javax.json.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
+					<artifactId>tyrus-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${tyrus.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
+					<artifactId>tyrus-container-grizzly-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${tyrus.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
+					<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${jersey.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.container</groupId>
+					<artifactId>arquillian-glassfish-embedded-3.1</artifactId>
+					<version>${arquillian-glassfish.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+			</dependencies>
+		</profile>
+		<profile>
+			<id>glassfish-remote-arquillian</id>
+			<dependencies>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
+					<artifactId>javax.json</artifactId>
+					<version>${javax.json.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
+					<artifactId>tyrus-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${tyrus.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.tyrus</groupId>
+					<artifactId>tyrus-container-grizzly-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${tyrus.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
+					<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
+					<version>${jersey.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
+					<artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId>
+					<version>${jersey.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
+					<artifactId>jersey-media-json-processing</artifactId>
+					<version>${jersey.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+				<dependency>
+					<groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.container</groupId>
+					<artifactId>arquillian-glassfish-remote-3.1</artifactId>
+					<version>${arquillian-glassfish.version}</version>
+					<scope>test</scope>
+				</dependency>
+			</dependencies>
+		</profile>
+		<profile>
+			<id>webdriver-chrome</id>
+			<activation>
+				<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
+			</activation>
+			<properties>
+				<browser>chrome</browser>
+			</properties>
+		</profile>
+		<profile>
+			<id>webdriver-firefox</id>
+			<properties>
+				<browser>firefox</browser>
+			</properties>
+		</profile>
+	</profiles>
 
-    <properties>
+	<repositories>
-        <java.min.version>1.8</java.min.version>
+		<repository>
-        <maven.min.version>3.0.0</maven.min.version>
+			<id>bintray-mvc-spec-maven</id>
-        <javaee_api.version>7.0</javaee_api.version>
+			<name>bintray</name>
-        <arquillian_core.version>1.1.11.Final</arquillian_core.version>
+			<url>http://dl.bintray.com/mvc-spec/maven</url>
-        <wildfly.version>8.2.1.Final</wildfly.version>
+			<releases>
-        <awaitility.version>1.7.0</awaitility.version>
+				<enabled>true</enabled>
-        <undertow-websockets-jsr.version>1.4.6.Final</undertow-websockets-jsr.version>
+			</releases>
-        <resteasy.version>3.0.19.Final</resteasy.version>
+			<snapshots>
-        <glassfish-embedded-all.version>4.1.1</glassfish-embedded-all.version>
+				<enabled>false</enabled>
-        <javax.json.version>1.0.4</javax.json.version>
+			</snapshots>
-        <tyrus.version>1.13</tyrus.version>
+		</repository>
-        <jersey.version>2.25</jersey.version>
+	</repositories>
-        <arquillian-glassfish.version>1.0.0.Final</arquillian-glassfish.version>
-        <maven-war-plugin.version>2.6</maven-war-plugin.version>
-        <org.springframework.security.version>4.2.3.RELEASE</org.springframework.security.version>
-        <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
-        <taglibs.standard.version>1.1.2</taglibs.standard.version>
-        <commons-io.version>2.4</commons-io.version>
-        <com.sun.faces.jsf.version>2.2.14</com.sun.faces.jsf.version>
-        <httpclient.version>4.5</httpclient.version>
-        <arquillian-drone-bom.version>2.0.1.Final</arquillian-drone-bom.version>
-        <javax.servlet-api.version>3.1.0</javax.servlet-api.version>
-        <graphene-webdriver.version>2.1.0.Final</graphene-webdriver.version>
-        <maven-dependency-plugin.version>2.8</maven-dependency-plugin.version>
-        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
-        <jsp-api.version>2.2</jsp-api.version>
-        <ozark.version>20160715</ozark.version>
-    </properties>
 
-</project>
+	<properties>
+		<java.min.version>1.8</java.min.version>
+		<maven.min.version>3.0.0</maven.min.version>
+		<javaee_api.version>7.0</javaee_api.version>
+		<arquillian_core.version>1.1.11.Final</arquillian_core.version>
+		<wildfly.version>8.2.1.Final</wildfly.version>
+		<awaitility.version>1.7.0</awaitility.version>
+		<undertow-websockets-jsr.version>1.4.6.Final</undertow-websockets-jsr.version>
+		<resteasy.version>3.0.19.Final</resteasy.version>
+		<glassfish-embedded-all.version>4.1.1</glassfish-embedded-all.version>
+		<javax.json.version>1.0.4</javax.json.version>
+		<tyrus.version>1.13</tyrus.version>
+		<jersey.version>2.25</jersey.version>
+		<arquillian-glassfish.version>1.0.0.Final</arquillian-glassfish.version>
+		<maven-war-plugin.version>2.6</maven-war-plugin.version>
+		<org.springframework.security.version>4.2.3.RELEASE</org.springframework.security.version>
+		<maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
+		<taglibs.standard.version>1.1.2</taglibs.standard.version>
+		<commons-io.version>2.4</commons-io.version>
+		<com.sun.faces.jsf.version>2.2.14</com.sun.faces.jsf.version>
+		<httpclient.version>4.5</httpclient.version>
+		<arquillian-drone-bom.version>2.0.1.Final</arquillian-drone-bom.version>
+		<javax.servlet-api.version>3.1.0</javax.servlet-api.version>
+		<graphene-webdriver.version>2.1.0.Final</graphene-webdriver.version>
+		<maven-dependency-plugin.version>2.8</maven-dependency-plugin.version>
+		<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
+		<jsp-api.version>2.2</jsp-api.version>
+		<ozark.version>20160715</ozark.version>
+	</properties>
+
+</project>

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/ChunkExceptionSkipReadListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.SkipReadListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class ChunkExceptionSkipReadListener implements SkipReadListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onSkipReadItem(Exception e) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/CustomCheckPoint.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractCheckpointAlgorithm;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class CustomCheckPoint extends AbstractCheckpointAlgorithm {
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReadyToCheckpoint() throws Exception {
+        return SimpleChunkItemReader.COUNT % 5 == 0;
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/DeciderJobSequence.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import javax.batch.api.Decider;
+import javax.batch.runtime.StepExecution;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class DeciderJobSequence implements Decider {
+    @Override
+    public String decide(StepExecution[] ses) throws Exception {
+        return "nothing";
+    }
+
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/InjectSimpleBatchLet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import javax.batch.api.AbstractBatchlet;
+import javax.batch.api.BatchProperty;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class InjectSimpleBatchLet extends AbstractBatchlet {
+    @Inject
+    @BatchProperty(name = "name")
+    private String nameString;
+
+    @Override
+    public String process() throws Exception {
+        System.out.println("Value passed in = " + nameString);
+        return BatchStatus.COMPLETED.toString();
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleBatchLet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import javax.batch.api.AbstractBatchlet;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class SimpleBatchLet extends AbstractBatchlet {
+    @Override
+    public String process() throws Exception {
+        return BatchStatus.FAILED.toString();
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleChunkItemProcessor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.ItemProcessor;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class SimpleChunkItemProcessor implements ItemProcessor {
+    @Override
+    public Integer processItem(Object t) {
+        return ((Integer) t).intValue() % 2 == 0 ? null : ((Integer) t).intValue();
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleChunkItemReader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemReader;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class SimpleChunkItemReader extends AbstractItemReader {
+    private StringTokenizer tokens;
+    public static int COUNT = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer readItem() throws Exception {
+        if (tokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
+            COUNT++;
+            String tempTokenize = tokens.nextToken();
+            return Integer.valueOf(tempTokenize);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void open(Serializable checkpoint) throws Exception {
+        tokens = new StringTokenizer("1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10", ",");
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleChunkItemReaderError.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemReader;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class SimpleChunkItemReaderError extends AbstractItemReader {
+    private StringTokenizer tokens;
+    public static int COUNT = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer readItem() throws Exception {
+        if (tokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
+            COUNT++;
+            int token = Integer.valueOf(tokens.nextToken());
+            if (token == 3) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Something happened");
+            }
+            return Integer.valueOf(token);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void open(Serializable checkpoint) throws Exception {
+        tokens = new StringTokenizer("1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10", ",");
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleChunkWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemWriter;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class SimpleChunkWriter extends AbstractItemWriter {
+    @Override
+    public void writeItems(List<Object> items) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyInputRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class MyInputRecord implements Serializable {
+    private int id;
+
+    public MyInputRecord(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o)
+            return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
+            return false;
+
+        MyInputRecord that = (MyInputRecord) o;
+
+        return id == that.id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "MyInputRecord: " + id;
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyItemProcessor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.ItemProcessor;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class MyItemProcessor implements ItemProcessor {
+    @Override
+    public Object processItem(Object t) {
+        if (((MyInputRecord) t).getId() == 6) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        return new MyOutputRecord(((MyInputRecord) t).getId());
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyItemReader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemReader;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+
+@Named
+public class MyItemReader extends AbstractItemReader {
+    private StringTokenizer tokens;
+    private MyInputRecord lastElement;
+    private boolean alreadyFailed;
+
+    @Override
+    public void open(Serializable checkpoint) {
+        tokens = new StringTokenizer("1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10", ",");
+        if (checkpoint != null) {
+            while (!Integer.valueOf(tokens.nextToken())
+                .equals(((MyInputRecord) checkpoint).getId())) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object readItem() {
+        if (tokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
+            int token = Integer.valueOf(tokens.nextToken());
+            if (token == 5 && !alreadyFailed) {
+                alreadyFailed = true;
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not read record");
+            }
+            lastElement = new MyInputRecord(token);
+            return lastElement;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Serializable checkpointInfo() throws Exception {
+        return lastElement;
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyItemWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemWriter;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Named
+public class MyItemWriter extends AbstractItemWriter {
+    private static int retries = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeItems(List list) {
+        if (retries <= 3 && list.contains(new MyOutputRecord(8))) {
+            retries++;
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyOutputRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class MyOutputRecord implements Serializable {
+    private int id;
+
+    public MyOutputRecord(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        MyOutputRecord that = (MyOutputRecord) o;
+
+        return id == that.id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "MyOutputRecord: " + id;
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyRetryProcessorListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.RetryProcessListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class MyRetryProcessorListener implements RetryProcessListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onRetryProcessException(Object item, Exception ex) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyRetryReadListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.RetryReadListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class MyRetryReadListener implements RetryReadListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onRetryReadException(Exception ex) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MyRetryWriteListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.RetryWriteListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Named
+public class MyRetryWriteListener implements RetryWriteListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onRetryWriteException(List<Object> items, Exception ex) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MySkipProcessorListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.SkipProcessListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class MySkipProcessorListener implements SkipProcessListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onSkipProcessItem(Object t, Exception e) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MySkipReadListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.SkipReadListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+
+@Named
+public class MySkipReadListener implements SkipReadListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onSkipReadItem(Exception e) throws Exception {
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/exception/MySkipWriteListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding.exception;
+
+import javax.batch.api.chunk.listener.SkipWriteListener;
+import javax.inject.Named;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Named
+public class MySkipWriteListener implements SkipWriteListener {
+    @Override
+    public void onSkipWriteItem(List list, Exception e) throws Exception {
+        list.remove(new MyOutputRecord(2));
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/customCheckPoint.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="customCheckPoint" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">
+    <step id="firstChunkStep" >
+        <chunk item-count="3" checkpoint-policy="custom">
+            <reader ref="simpleChunkItemReader"/>
+            <processor ref="simpleChunkItemProcessor"/>
+            <writer ref="simpleChunkWriter"/>
+            <checkpoint-algorithm ref="customCheckPoint"/>
+        </chunk>    
+    </step>
+</job>

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/decideJobSequence.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="decideJobSequence" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+	version="1.0">
+	<step id="firstBatchStepStep1" next="firstDecider">
+		<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+	</step>	
+	<decision id="firstDecider" ref="deciderJobSequence">
+        <next on="nothing" to="firstBatchStepStep3"/>
+    </decision>
+	<step id="firstBatchStepStep2">
+		<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+	</step>	
+	<step id="firstBatchStepStep3">
+		<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+	</step>		
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/flowJobSequence.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="flowJobSequence" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+	version="1.0">
+	<flow id="flow1" next="firstBatchStepStep3">
+		<step id="firstChunkStepStep1" next="firstBatchStepStep2">
+			<chunk item-count="3">
+				<reader ref="simpleChunkItemReader" />
+				<processor ref="simpleChunkItemProcessor" />
+				<writer ref="simpleChunkWriter" />
+			</chunk>
+		</step>
+		<step id="firstBatchStepStep2">
+			<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+		</step>
+	</flow>
+	<step id="firstBatchStepStep3">
+		<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+	</step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/injectionSimpleBatchLet.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="injectSimpleBatchLet" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+    version="1.0">
+    <step id="firstStep" >
+        <batchlet ref="injectSimpleBatchLet">
+        	<properties>
+                <property name="name" value="helloThere"  />
+            </properties>
+        </batchlet>
+    </step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/partitionSimpleBatchLet.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="injectSimpleBatchLet"
+	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+	version="1.0">
+	<step id="firstStep">
+		<batchlet ref="injectSimpleBatchLet">
+			<properties>
+				<property name="name" value="#{partitionPlan['name']}" />
+			</properties>
+		</batchlet>
+		<partition>
+			<plan partitions="2">
+				<properties partition="0">
+					<property name="name" value="firstPartition" />
+				</properties>
+				<properties partition="1">
+					<property name="name" value="secondpPartition" />
+				</properties>
+			</plan>
+		</partition>
+	</step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/simpleBatchLet.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="simpleBatchLet" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+    version="1.0">
+    <step id="firstStep" >
+        <batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet"/>
+    </step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/simpleChunk.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="simpleChunk" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">
+    <step id="firstChunkStep" >
+        <chunk item-count="3">
+            <reader ref="simpleChunkItemReader"/>
+            <processor ref="simpleChunkItemProcessor"/>
+            <writer ref="simpleChunkWriter"/>
+        </chunk>    
+    </step>
+</job>

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/simpleErrorChunk.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="simpleErrorChunk"
+	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+	version="1.0">
+    <step id="firstErrorChunkStep" >
+        <chunk item-count="3">
+            <reader ref="simpleChunkItemReaderError"/>
+            <processor ref="simpleChunkItemProcessor"/>
+            <writer ref="simpleChunkWriter"/>
+        </chunk>    
+    </step>
+    <step id="firstErrorSkipChunkStep" >
+        <chunk item-count="3" skip-limit="3">
+            <reader ref="simpleChunkItemReaderError"/>
+            <processor ref="simpleChunkItemProcessor"/>
+            <writer ref="simpleChunkWriter"/>
+            <skippable-exception-classes>
+            	<include class="java.lang.RuntimeException"/>	
+            </skippable-exception-classes>
+        </chunk>    
+    </step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/simpleErrorSkipChunk.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<job id="simpleErrorSkipChunk"  xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">
+    <step id="errorStep" >
+        <listeners>
+            <listener ref="mySkipReadListener"/>
+            <listener ref="mySkipProcessorListener"/>
+            <listener ref="mySkipWriteListener"/>
+            <listener ref="myRetryReadListener"/>
+            <listener ref="myRetryProcessorListener"/>
+            <listener ref="myRetryWriteListener"/>
+        </listeners>
+        <chunk checkpoint-policy="item" item-count="3" skip-limit="3" retry-limit="3">
+            <reader ref="myItemReader"/>
+            <processor ref="myItemProcessor"/>
+            <writer ref="myItemWriter"/>
+            <skippable-exception-classes>
+                <include class="java.lang.RuntimeException"/>
+                <include class="java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException"/>
+            </skippable-exception-classes>
+            <retryable-exception-classes>
+                <include class="java.lang.IllegalArgumentException"/>
+                <include class="java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException"/>
+            </retryable-exception-classes>
+        </chunk>
+    </step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/simpleJobSequence.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="simpleJobSequence"
+	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+	version="1.0">
+    <step id="firstChunkStepStep1" next="firstBatchStepStep2">
+        <chunk item-count="3">
+            <reader ref="simpleChunkItemReader"/>
+            <processor ref="simpleChunkItemProcessor"/>
+            <writer ref="simpleChunkWriter"/>
+        </chunk>    
+    </step>
+    <step id="firstBatchStepStep2" >
+        <batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet"/>
+    </step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/batch-jobs/splitJobSequence.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<job id="splitJobSequence"
+	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd"
+	version="1.0">
+	<split id="split1" next="splitJobSequenceStep3">
+		<flow id="flow1">
+			<step id="splitJobSequenceStep1">
+				<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+			</step>
+		</flow>
+		<flow id="flow2">
+			<step id="splitJobSequenceStep2">
+				<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+			</step>
+		</flow>
+	</split>
+	<step id="splitJobSequenceStep3">
+		<batchlet ref="simpleBatchLet" />
+	</step>
+</job>	

jee-7/src/main/resources/META-INF/beans.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<beans
+    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee 
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
+    bean-discovery-mode="all">
+</beans>

jee-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/BatchTestHelper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.batch.runtime.JobExecution;
+import javax.batch.runtime.Metric;
+
+public class BatchTestHelper {
+    private static final int MAX_TRIES = 40;
+    private static final int THREAD_SLEEP = 1000;
+
+    private BatchTestHelper() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    public static JobExecution keepTestAlive(JobExecution jobExecution) throws InterruptedException {
+        int maxTries = 0;
+        while (!jobExecution.getBatchStatus()
+            .equals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED)) {
+            if (maxTries < MAX_TRIES) {
+                maxTries++;
+                Thread.sleep(THREAD_SLEEP);
+                jobExecution = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator()
+                    .getJobExecution(jobExecution.getExecutionId());
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(THREAD_SLEEP);
+        return jobExecution;
+    }
+
+    public static JobExecution keepTestFailed(JobExecution jobExecution) throws InterruptedException {
+        int maxTries = 0;
+        while (!jobExecution.getBatchStatus()
+            .equals(BatchStatus.FAILED)) {
+            if (maxTries < MAX_TRIES) {
+                maxTries++;
+                Thread.sleep(THREAD_SLEEP);
+                jobExecution = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator()
+                    .getJobExecution(jobExecution.getExecutionId());
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(THREAD_SLEEP);
+
+        return jobExecution;
+    }
+
+    public static JobExecution keepTestStopped(JobExecution jobExecution) throws InterruptedException {
+        int maxTries = 0;
+        while (!jobExecution.getBatchStatus()
+            .equals(BatchStatus.STOPPED)) {
+            if (maxTries < MAX_TRIES) {
+                maxTries++;
+                Thread.sleep(THREAD_SLEEP);
+                jobExecution = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator()
+                    .getJobExecution(jobExecution.getExecutionId());
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(THREAD_SLEEP);
+        return jobExecution;
+    }
+
+    public static Map<Metric.MetricType, Long> getMetricsMap(Metric[] metrics) {
+        Map<Metric.MetricType, Long> metricsMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Metric metric : metrics) {
+            metricsMap.put(metric.getType(), metric.getValue());
+        }
+        return metricsMap;
+    }
+
+}

jee-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/CustomCheckPointUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import javax.batch.operations.JobOperator;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.batch.runtime.JobExecution;
+import javax.batch.runtime.Metric;
+import javax.batch.runtime.StepExecution;
+import com.baeldung.batch.understanding.BatchTestHelper;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class CustomCheckPointUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenChunk_whenCustomCheckPoint_thenCommitCount_3() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("customCheckPoint", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        for (StepExecution stepExecution : jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId)) {
+            if (stepExecution.getStepName()
+                .equals("firstChunkStep")) {
+                Map<Metric.MetricType, Long> metricsMap = BatchTestHelper.getMetricsMap(stepExecution.getMetrics());
+                assertEquals(3L, metricsMap.get(Metric.MetricType.COMMIT_COUNT)
+                    .longValue());
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/JobSequenceUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import javax.batch.operations.JobOperator;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.batch.runtime.JobExecution;
+import javax.batch.runtime.StepExecution;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class JobSequenceUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoSteps_thenBatch_CompleteWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleJobSequence", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(2 , jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId).size());
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenFlow_thenBatch_CompleteWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("flowJobSequence", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(3 , jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId).size());
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenDecider_thenBatch_CompleteWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("decideJobSequence", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        List<StepExecution> stepExecutions = jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId);
+        List<String> executedSteps = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (StepExecution stepExecution : stepExecutions) {
+            executedSteps.add(stepExecution.getStepName());
+        }
+        assertEquals(2, jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId).size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] { "firstBatchStepStep1", "firstBatchStepStep3" }, executedSteps.toArray());
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenSplit_thenBatch_CompletesWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("splitJobSequence", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        List<StepExecution> stepExecutions = jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId);
+        List<String> executedSteps = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (StepExecution stepExecution : stepExecutions) {
+            executedSteps.add(stepExecution.getStepName());
+        }
+        assertEquals(3, stepExecutions.size());
+        assertTrue(executedSteps.contains("splitJobSequenceStep1"));
+        assertTrue(executedSteps.contains("splitJobSequenceStep2"));
+        assertTrue(executedSteps.contains("splitJobSequenceStep3"));
+        assertTrue(executedSteps.get(0).equals("splitJobSequenceStep1") || executedSteps.get(0).equals("splitJobSequenceStep2"));
+        assertTrue(executedSteps.get(1).equals("splitJobSequenceStep1") || executedSteps.get(1).equals("splitJobSequenceStep2"));
+        assertTrue(executedSteps.get(2).equals("splitJobSequenceStep3"));
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleBatchLetUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import javax.batch.operations.JobOperator;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.batch.runtime.JobExecution;
+import javax.batch.runtime.Metric;
+import javax.batch.runtime.StepExecution;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class SimpleBatchLetUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenBatchLet_thenBatch_CompleteWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleBatchLet", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenBatchLetProperty_thenBatch_CompleteWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("injectionSimpleBatchLet", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenBatchLetPartition_thenBatch_CompleteWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("partitionSimpleBatchLet", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenBatchLetStarted_whenStopped_thenBatchStopped() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleBatchLet", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobOperator.stop(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestStopped(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.STOPPED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenBatchLetStopped_whenRestarted_thenBatchCompletesSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleBatchLet", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobOperator.stop(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestStopped(jobExecution);
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.STOPPED);
+        executionId = jobOperator.restart(jobExecution.getExecutionId(), new Properties());
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId));
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleChunkUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import javax.batch.operations.JobOperator;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.batch.runtime.JobExecution;
+import javax.batch.runtime.Metric;
+import javax.batch.runtime.StepExecution;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class SimpleChunkUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenChunk_thenBatch_CompletesWithSucess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleChunk", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        List<StepExecution> stepExecutions = jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId);
+        for (StepExecution stepExecution : stepExecutions) {
+            if (stepExecution.getStepName()
+                .equals("firstChunkStep")) {
+                Map<Metric.MetricType, Long> metricsMap = BatchTestHelper.getMetricsMap(stepExecution.getMetrics());
+                assertEquals(10L, metricsMap.get(Metric.MetricType.READ_COUNT)
+                    .longValue());
+                assertEquals(10L / 2L, metricsMap.get(Metric.MetricType.WRITE_COUNT)
+                    .longValue());
+                assertEquals(10L / 3 + (10L % 3 > 0 ? 1 : 0), metricsMap.get(Metric.MetricType.COMMIT_COUNT)
+                    .longValue());
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenChunk__thenBatch_fetchInformation() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleChunk", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        // job name contains simpleBatchLet which is the name of the file
+        assertTrue(jobOperator.getJobNames().contains("simpleChunk"));
+        // job parameters are empty
+        assertTrue(jobOperator.getParameters(executionId).isEmpty());
+        // step execution information
+        List<StepExecution> stepExecutions = jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId);
+        assertEquals("firstChunkStep", stepExecutions.get(0).getStepName());
+        // finding out batch status
+        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, stepExecutions.get(0).getBatchStatus());
+        Map<Metric.MetricType, Long> metricTest = BatchTestHelper.getMetricsMap(stepExecutions.get(0).getMetrics());
+        assertEquals(10L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.READ_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(5L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.FILTER_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(4L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.COMMIT_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(5L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.WRITE_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(0L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.READ_SKIP_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(0L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.WRITE_SKIP_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(0L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.PROCESS_SKIP_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(0L, metricTest.get(Metric.MetricType.ROLLBACK_COUNT).longValue());
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+}

jee-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/batch/understanding/SimpleErrorChunkUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.batch.understanding;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import javax.batch.operations.JobOperator;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime;
+import javax.batch.runtime.BatchStatus;
+import javax.batch.runtime.JobExecution;
+import javax.batch.runtime.Metric.MetricType;
+import javax.batch.runtime.StepExecution;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class SimpleErrorChunkUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenChunkError_thenBatch_CompletesWithFailed() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleErrorChunk", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestFailed(jobExecution);
+        System.out.println(jobExecution.getBatchStatus());
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.FAILED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenChunkError_thenErrorSkipped_CompletesWithSuccess() throws Exception {
+        JobOperator jobOperator = BatchRuntime.getJobOperator();
+        Long executionId = jobOperator.start("simpleErrorSkipChunk", new Properties());
+        JobExecution jobExecution = jobOperator.getJobExecution(executionId);
+        jobExecution = BatchTestHelper.keepTestAlive(jobExecution);
+        List<StepExecution> stepExecutions = jobOperator.getStepExecutions(executionId);
+        for (StepExecution stepExecution : stepExecutions) {
+            if (stepExecution.getStepName()
+                .equals("errorStep")) {
+                Map<MetricType, Long> metricsMap = BatchTestHelper.getMetricsMap(stepExecution.getMetrics());
+                long skipCount = metricsMap.get(MetricType.PROCESS_SKIP_COUNT)
+                    .longValue();
+                assertTrue("Skip count=" + skipCount, skipCount == 1l || skipCount == 2l);
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(jobExecution.getBatchStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
+    }
+}

kotlin-libraries/pom.xml

@@ -87,6 +87,13 @@
             <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
             <version>${h2database.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.arrow-kt/arrow-core -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.arrow-kt</groupId>
+            <artifactId>arrow-core</artifactId>
+            <version>0.7.3</version>
+        </dependency>
+
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>

kotlin-libraries/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/arrow/FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEither.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow
+
+import arrow.core.Either
+import arrow.core.filterOrElse
+import kotlin.math.sqrt
+
+class FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEither {
+
+    sealed class ComputeProblem {
+        object OddNumber : ComputeProblem()
+        object NotANumber : ComputeProblem()
+    }
+
+    fun parseInput(s : String) : Either<ComputeProblem, Int> = Either.cond(s.toIntOrNull() != null, {-> s.toInt()}, {->ComputeProblem.NotANumber} )
+
+    fun isEven(x : Int) : Boolean = x % 2 == 0
+
+    fun biggestDivisor(x: Int) : Int = biggestDivisor(x, 2)
+
+    fun biggestDivisor(x : Int, y : Int) : Int {
+        if(x == y){
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if(x % y == 0){
+            return x / y;
+        }
+        return biggestDivisor(x, y+1)
+    }
+
+    fun isSquareNumber(x : Int) : Boolean {
+        val sqrt: Double = sqrt(x.toDouble())
+        return sqrt % 1.0 == 0.0
+    }
+
+    fun computeWithEither(input : String) : Either<ComputeProblem, Boolean> {
+        return parseInput(input)
+                .filterOrElse(::isEven) {->ComputeProblem.OddNumber}
+                .map (::biggestDivisor)
+                .map (::isSquareNumber)
+    }
+
+    fun computeWithEitherClient(input : String) {
+        val computeWithEither = computeWithEither(input)
+
+        when(computeWithEither){
+            is Either.Right -> "The greatest divisor is square number: ${computeWithEither.b}"
+            is Either.Left -> when(computeWithEither.a){
+                is ComputeProblem.NotANumber -> "Wrong input! Not a number!"
+                is ComputeProblem.OddNumber -> "It is an odd number!"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}

kotlin-libraries/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/arrow/FunctionalErrorHandlingWithOption.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow
+
+import arrow.core.None
+import arrow.core.Option
+import arrow.core.Some
+import kotlin.math.sqrt
+
+class FunctionalErrorHandlingWithOption {
+
+    fun parseInput(s : String) : Option<Int> = Option.fromNullable(s.toIntOrNull())
+
+    fun isEven(x : Int) : Boolean = x % 2 == 0
+
+    fun biggestDivisor(x: Int) : Int = biggestDivisor(x, 2)
+
+    fun biggestDivisor(x : Int, y : Int) : Int {
+        if(x == y){
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if(x % y == 0){
+            return x / y;
+        }
+        return biggestDivisor(x, y+1)
+    }
+
+    fun isSquareNumber(x : Int) : Boolean {
+        val sqrt: Double = sqrt(x.toDouble())
+        return sqrt % 1.0 == 0.0
+    }
+
+    fun computeWithOption(input : String) : Option<Boolean> {
+        return parseInput(input)
+                .filter(::isEven)
+                .map(::biggestDivisor)
+                .map(::isSquareNumber)
+    }
+
+    fun computeWithOptionClient(input : String) : String{
+        val computeOption = computeWithOption(input)
+
+        return when(computeOption){
+            is None -> "Not an even number!"
+            is Some -> "The greatest divisor is square number: ${computeOption.t}"
+        }
+    }
+}

kotlin-libraries/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/arrow/FunctionalDataTypes.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow
+
+import arrow.core.*
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class FunctionalDataTypes {
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenIdCreated_thanValueIsPresent(){
+        val id = Id("foo")
+        val justId = Id.just("foo");
+
+        Assert.assertEquals("foo", id.extract())
+        Assert.assertEquals(justId, id)
+    }
+
+    fun length(s : String) : Int = s.length
+
+    fun isBigEnough(i : Int) : Boolean = i > 10
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenIdCreated_thanMapIsAssociative(){
+        val foo = Id("foo")
+
+        val map1 = foo.map(::length)
+                .map(::isBigEnough)
+        val map2 = foo.map { s -> isBigEnough(length(s)) }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(map1, map2)
+    }
+
+    fun lengthId(s : String) : Id<Int> = Id.just(length(s))
+
+    fun isBigEnoughId(i : Int) : Id<Boolean> = Id.just(isBigEnough(i))
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenIdCreated_thanFlatMapIsAssociative(){
+        val bar = Id("bar")
+
+        val flatMap = bar.flatMap(::lengthId)
+            .flatMap(::isBigEnoughId)
+        val flatMap1 = bar.flatMap { s -> lengthId(s).flatMap(::isBigEnoughId) }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(flatMap, flatMap1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenOptionCreated_thanValueIsPresent(){
+        val factory = Option.just(42)
+        val constructor = Option(42)
+        val emptyOptional = Option.empty<Integer>()
+        val fromNullable = Option.fromNullable(null)
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(42, factory.getOrElse { -1 })
+        Assert.assertEquals(factory, constructor)
+        Assert.assertEquals(emptyOptional, fromNullable)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenOptionCreated_thanConstructorDifferFromFactory(){
+        val constructor : Option<String?> = Option(null)
+        val fromNullable : Option<String?> = Option.fromNullable(null)
+
+        try{
+            constructor.map { s -> s!!.length }
+            Assert.fail()
+        } catch (e : KotlinNullPointerException){
+            fromNullable.map { s->s!!.length }
+        }
+        Assert.assertNotEquals(constructor, fromNullable)
+    }
+
+    fun wrapper(x : Integer?) : Option<Int> = if (x == null) Option.just(-1) else Option.just(x.toInt())
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenOptionFromNullableCreated_thanItBreaksLeftIdentity(){
+        val optionFromNull = Option.fromNullable(null)
+
+        Assert.assertNotEquals(optionFromNull.flatMap(::wrapper), wrapper(null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenEitherCreated_thanOneValueIsPresent(){
+        val rightOnly : Either<String,Int> = Either.right(42)
+        val leftOnly : Either<String,Int> = Either.left("foo")
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(rightOnly.isRight())
+        Assert.assertTrue(leftOnly.isLeft())
+        Assert.assertEquals(42, rightOnly.getOrElse { -1 })
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, leftOnly.getOrElse { -1 })
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, rightOnly.map { it % 2 }.getOrElse { -1 })
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, leftOnly.map { it % 2 }.getOrElse { -1 })
+        Assert.assertTrue(rightOnly.flatMap { Either.Right(it % 2) }.isRight())
+        Assert.assertTrue(leftOnly.flatMap { Either.Right(it % 2) }.isLeft())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenEvalNowUsed_thenMapEvaluatedLazily(){
+        val now = Eval.now(1)
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, now.value())
+
+        var counter : Int = 0
+        val map = now.map { x -> counter++; x+1 }
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, counter)
+        
+        val value = map.value()
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, value)
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, counter)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenEvalLaterUsed_theResultIsMemoized(){
+        var counter : Int = 0
+        val later = Eval.later { counter++; counter }
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, counter)
+
+        val firstValue = later.value()
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, firstValue)
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, counter)
+
+        val secondValue = later.value()
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, secondValue)
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, counter)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenEvalAlwaysUsed_theResultIsNotMemoized(){
+        var counter : Int = 0
+        val later = Eval.always { counter++; counter }
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, counter)
+
+        val firstValue = later.value()
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, firstValue)
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, counter)
+
+        val secondValue = later.value()
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, secondValue)
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, counter)
+    }
+
+}

kotlin-libraries/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/arrow/FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEitherTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow
+
+import arrow.core.Either
+import com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow.FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEither.ComputeProblem.NotANumber
+import com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow.FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEither.ComputeProblem.OddNumber
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEitherTest {
+
+    val operator = FunctionalErrorHandlingWithEither()
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenInvalidInput_whenComputeInvoked_NotANumberIsPresent(){
+        val computeWithEither = operator.computeWithEither("bar")
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(computeWithEither.isLeft())
+        when(computeWithEither){
+            is Either.Left -> when(computeWithEither.a){
+                NotANumber -> "Ok."
+                else -> Assert.fail()
+            }
+            else -> Assert.fail()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenOddNumberInput_whenComputeInvoked_OddNumberIsPresent(){
+        val computeWithEither = operator.computeWithEither("121")
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(computeWithEither.isLeft())
+        when(computeWithEither){
+            is Either.Left -> when(computeWithEither.a){
+                OddNumber -> "Ok."
+                else -> Assert.fail()
+            }
+            else -> Assert.fail()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenEvenNumberWithoutSquare_whenComputeInvoked_OddNumberIsPresent(){
+        val computeWithEither = operator.computeWithEither("100")
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(computeWithEither.isRight())
+        when(computeWithEither){
+            is Either.Right -> when(computeWithEither.b){
+                false -> "Ok."
+                else -> Assert.fail()
+            }
+            else -> Assert.fail()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenEvenNumberWithSquare_whenComputeInvoked_OddNumberIsPresent(){
+        val computeWithEither = operator.computeWithEither("98")
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(computeWithEither.isRight())
+        when(computeWithEither){
+            is Either.Right -> when(computeWithEither.b){
+                true -> "Ok."
+                else -> Assert.fail()
+            }
+            else -> Assert.fail()
+        }
+    }
+}

kotlin-libraries/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/arrow/FunctionalErrorHandlingWithOptionTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.arrow
+
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class FunctionalErrorHandlingWithOptionTest {
+
+    val operator = FunctionalErrorHandlingWithOption()
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenInvalidInput_thenErrorMessageIsPresent(){
+        val useComputeOption = operator.computeWithOptionClient("foo")
+        Assert.assertEquals("Not an even number!", useComputeOption)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenOddNumberInput_thenErrorMessageIsPresent(){
+        val useComputeOption = operator.computeWithOptionClient("539")
+        Assert.assertEquals("Not an even number!",useComputeOption)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenEvenNumberInputWithNonSquareNum_thenFalseMessageIsPresent(){
+        val useComputeOption = operator.computeWithOptionClient("100")
+        Assert.assertEquals("The greatest divisor is square number: false",useComputeOption)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenEvenNumberInputWithSquareNum_thenTrueMessageIsPresent(){
+        val useComputeOption = operator.computeWithOptionClient("242")
+        Assert.assertEquals("The greatest divisor is square number: true",useComputeOption)
+    }
+
+}

libraries/pom.xml

@@ -720,11 +720,11 @@
     </dependencies>
 
     <repositories>
-        <repository>
+        <!-- <repository>
             <id>maven2-repository.dev.java.net</id>
             <name>Java.net repository</name>
             <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2</url>
-        </repository>
+        </repository> -->
         <repository>
             <snapshots>
                 <enabled>false</enabled>

logging-modules/log4j/pom.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
@@ -43,6 +44,12 @@
             <artifactId>disruptor</artifactId>
             <version>${disruptor.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <!-- Webflux for reactive logging example -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
+            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@
         <log4j-api.version>2.7</log4j-api.version>
         <log4j-core.version>2.7</log4j-core.version>
         <disruptor.version>3.3.6</disruptor.version>
+        <spring-boot.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

logging-modules/log4j/src/main/java/com/baeldung/webFluxLogging/WebFluxLoggingExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.webFluxLogging;
+
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
+
+public class WebFluxLoggingExample {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Flux<Integer> reactiveStream = Flux.range(1, 5).log();
+
+        reactiveStream.subscribe();
+
+        reactiveStream = Flux.range(1, 5).log().take(3);
+
+        reactiveStream.subscribe();
+
+        reactiveStream = Flux.range(1, 5).take(3).log();
+
+        reactiveStream.subscribe();
+    }
+
+}

parent-boot-1/README.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-## Relevant articles:

parent-boot-2/pom.xml

@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@
         <rest-assured.version>3.1.0</rest-assured.version>
         <!-- plugins -->
         <thin.version>1.0.11.RELEASE</thin.version>
-        <spring-boot.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
+        <spring-boot.version>2.0.5.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
-        <oauth-auto.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</oauth-auto.version>
     </properties>
 </project>
+
+

patterns/design-patterns/README.md

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@
 - [The DAO Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-dao-pattern)
 - [Interpreter Design Pattern in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-interpreter-pattern)
 - [State Design Pattern in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-state-design-pattern)
+- [The Decorator Pattern in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-decorator-pattern)

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/entitygraph/MainApp.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph;
+
+import com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Post;
+import com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.repo.PostRepository;
+
+public class MainApp {
+
+    public static void main(String... args) {
+        Long postId = 1L;
+        Post post = null;
+        PostRepository postRepository = new PostRepository();
+
+        //Using EntityManager.find().
+        post = postRepository.find(postId);
+        post = postRepository.findWithEntityGraph(postId);
+        post = postRepository.findWithEntityGraph2(postId);
+
+        //Using JPQL: Query and TypedQuery
+        post = postRepository.findUsingJpql(postId);
+
+        //Using Criteria API
+        post = postRepository.findUsingCriteria(postId);
+
+        postRepository.clean();
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/entitygraph/model/Comment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+
+@Entity
+public class Comment {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+
+    private String reply;
+
+    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+    @JoinColumn
+    private Post post;
+
+    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+    @JoinColumn
+    private User user;
+    //...
+
+    public Comment() {
+    }
+
+    public Comment(String reply, Post post, User user) {
+        this.reply = reply;
+        this.post = post;
+        this.user = user;
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getReply() {
+        return reply;
+    }
+
+    public void setReply(String reply) {
+        this.reply = reply;
+    }
+
+    public Post getPost() {
+        return post;
+    }
+
+    public void setPost(Post post) {
+        this.post = post;
+    }
+
+    public User getUser() {
+        return user;
+    }
+
+    public void setUser(User user) {
+        this.user = user;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/entitygraph/model/Post.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@NamedEntityGraph(
+        name = "post-entity-graph",
+        attributeNodes = {
+                @NamedAttributeNode("subject"),
+                @NamedAttributeNode("user"),
+                @NamedAttributeNode("comments"),
+        }
+)
+@NamedEntityGraph(
+        name = "post-entity-graph-with-comment-users",
+        attributeNodes = {
+                @NamedAttributeNode("subject"),
+                @NamedAttributeNode("user"),
+                @NamedAttributeNode(value = "comments", subgraph = "comments-subgraph"),
+        },
+        subgraphs = {
+                @NamedSubgraph(
+                        name = "comments-subgraph",
+                        attributeNodes = {
+                                @NamedAttributeNode("user")
+                        }
+                )
+        }
+)
+@Entity
+public class Post {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+    private String subject;
+    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "post")
+    private List<Comment> comments = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+    @JoinColumn
+    private User user;
+    //...
+
+    public Post() {
+    }
+
+    public Post(String subject, User user) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        this.user = user;
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getSubject() {
+        return subject;
+    }
+
+    public void setSubject(String subject) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+    }
+
+    public List<Comment> getComments() {
+        return comments;
+    }
+
+    public void setComments(List<Comment> comments) {
+        this.comments = comments;
+    }
+
+    public User getUser() {
+        return user;
+    }
+
+    public void setUser(User user) {
+        this.user = user;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/entitygraph/model/User.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+
+@Entity
+public class User {
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    private String email;
+
+    //...
+
+    public User() {
+    }
+
+    public User(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/entitygraph/repo/PostRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.repo;
+
+import com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Post;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
+import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
+import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class PostRepository {
+    private EntityManagerFactory emf = null;
+
+
+    public PostRepository() {
+        Map properties = new HashMap();
+        properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
+        properties.put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
+        emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("entity-graph-pu", properties);
+    }
+
+    public Post find(Long id) {
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+
+        Post post = entityManager.find(Post.class, id);
+
+        entityManager.close();
+        return post;
+    }
+
+    public Post findWithEntityGraph(Long id) {
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+
+        EntityGraph entityGraph = entityManager.getEntityGraph("post-entity-graph");
+        Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+        properties.put("javax.persistence.fetchgraph", entityGraph);
+        Post post = entityManager.find(Post.class, id, properties);
+
+        entityManager.close();
+        return post;
+    }
+
+    public Post findWithEntityGraph2(Long id) {
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+
+        EntityGraph<Post> entityGraph = entityManager.createEntityGraph(Post.class);
+        entityGraph.addAttributeNodes("subject");
+        entityGraph.addAttributeNodes("user");
+        entityGraph.addSubgraph("comments")
+                .addAttributeNodes("user");
+
+        Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+        properties.put("javax.persistence.fetchgraph", entityGraph);
+        Post post = entityManager.find(Post.class, id, properties);
+
+        entityManager.close();
+        return post;
+    }
+
+    public Post findUsingJpql(Long id) {
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+
+        EntityGraph entityGraph = entityManager.getEntityGraph("post-entity-graph-with-comment-users");
+        Post post = entityManager.createQuery("Select p from Post p where p.id=:id", Post.class)
+                .setParameter("id", id)
+                .setHint("javax.persistence.fetchgraph", entityGraph)
+                .getSingleResult();
+
+        entityManager.close();
+        return post;
+    }
+
+    public Post findUsingCriteria(Long id) {
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+
+        EntityGraph entityGraph = entityManager.getEntityGraph("post-entity-graph-with-comment-users");
+        CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
+        CriteriaQuery<Post> criteriaQuery = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Post.class);
+        Root<Post> root = criteriaQuery.from(Post.class);
+        criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.<Long>get("id"), id));
+        TypedQuery<Post> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery);
+        typedQuery.setHint("javax.persistence.loadgraph", entityGraph);
+        Post post = typedQuery.getSingleResult();
+
+        entityManager.close();
+        return post;
+    }
+
+    public void clean() {
+        emf.close();
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
         <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
         <class>com.baeldung.sqlresultsetmapping.ScheduledDay</class>
         <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
             <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
-                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test;INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'classpath:database.sql'" />
+                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test;INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'classpath:database.sql'"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/>
             <!--<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />-->
             <property name="show_sql" value="true"/>
             <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false"/>
@@ -25,28 +25,45 @@
         <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
         <class>com.baeldung.jpa.stringcast.Message</class>
         <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:test"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
+            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
             <property name="show_sql" value="true"/>
             <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false"/>
         </properties>
     </persistence-unit>
-    
+
     <persistence-unit name="jpa-db">
         <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
         <class>com.baeldung.jpa.model.Car</class>
         <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/baeldung" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/baeldung"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="baeldung" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="baeldung"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="YourPassword" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="YourPassword"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
+            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
         </properties>
     </persistence-unit>
-	
+
+    <persistence-unit name="entity-graph-pu" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Post</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.User</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Comment</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+
+            <!--H2-->
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
+                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:entitygraphdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE"/>
+
+            <property name="javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action" value="drop-and-create"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="data-init.sql"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
 </persistence>

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/resources/data-init.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+INSERT INTO `USER` (`ID`,`NAME`,`EMAIL`) VALUES (1,'user1','user1@test.com');
+INSERT INTO `USER` (`ID`,`NAME`,`EMAIL`) VALUES (2,'user2','user2@test.com');
+INSERT INTO `USER` (`ID`,`NAME`,`EMAIL`) VALUES (3,'user3','user3@test.com');
+
+INSERT INTO `POST` (`ID`,`SUBJECT`,`USER_ID`) VALUES (1,'JPA Entity Graph In Action',1);
+
+INSERT INTO `COMMENT` (`ID`,`REPLY`,`POST_ID`,`USER_ID`) VALUES (1,'Nice !!',1,2);
+INSERT INTO `COMMENT` (`ID`,`REPLY`,`POST_ID`,`USER_ID`) VALUES (2,'Cool !!',1,3);

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jpa/entitygraph/repo/PostRepositoryIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.repo;
+
+import com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Comment;
+import com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Post;
+import com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.User;
+import org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class PostRepositoryIntegrationTest {
+
+    private static PostRepository postRepository = null;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void once() {
+        postRepository = new PostRepository();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = LazyInitializationException.class)
+    public void find() {
+        Post post = postRepository.find(1L);
+        assertNotNull(post.getUser());
+        String email = post.getUser().getEmail();
+        assertNull(email);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void findWithEntityGraph() {
+        Post post = postRepository.findWithEntityGraph(1L);
+        assertNotNull(post.getUser());
+        String email = post.getUser().getEmail();
+        assertNotNull(email);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = LazyInitializationException.class)
+    public void findWithEntityGraph_Comment_Without_User() {
+        Post post = postRepository.findWithEntityGraph(1L);
+        assertNotNull(post.getUser());
+        String email = post.getUser().getEmail();
+        assertNotNull(email);
+        assertNotNull(post.getComments());
+        assertEquals(post.getComments().size(), 2);
+        Comment comment = post.getComments().get(0);
+        assertNotNull(comment);
+        User user = comment.getUser();
+        user.getEmail();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void findWithEntityGraph2_Comment_With_User() {
+        Post post = postRepository.findWithEntityGraph2(1L);
+        assertNotNull(post.getComments());
+        assertEquals(post.getComments().size(), 2);
+        Comment comment = post.getComments().get(0);
+        assertNotNull(comment);
+        User user = comment.getUser();
+        assertNotNull(user);
+        assertEquals(user.getEmail(), "user2@test.com");
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void destroy() {
+        postRepository.clean();
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence/README.MD

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 - [Configuring Separate Spring DataSource for Tests](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-testing-separate-data-source)
 - [Quick Guide on data.sql and schema.sql Files in Spring Boot](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-data-sql-and-schema-sql)
 - [Configuring a Tomcat Connection Pool in Spring Boot](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-tomcat-connection-pool)
+- [Hibernate Field Naming with Spring Boot](https://www.baeldung.com/hibernate-field-naming-spring-boot)

persistence-modules/spring-data-jpa/README.md

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 - [Query Entities by Dates and Times with Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-jpa-query-by-date)
 - [DDD Aggregates and @DomainEvents](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-ddd)
 - [Spring Data – CrudRepository save() Method](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-crud-repository-save)
+- [Limiting Query Results with JPA and Spring Data JPA](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-limit-query-results)
 
 ### Eclipse Config 
 After importing the project into Eclipse, you may see the following error:  

persistence-modules/spring-data-mongodb/README.md

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@
 - [Spring Data MongoDB: Projections and Aggregations](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-mongodb-projections-aggregations)
 - [Spring Data Annotations](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-annotations)
 - [Spring Data MongoDB Transactions](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-mongodb-transactions )
+- [ZonedDateTime with Spring Data MongoDB](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-mongodb-zoneddatetime)

spring-5-reactive-oauth/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Relevant Articles: 
+
+- [Spring Security OAuth Login with WebFlux](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-oauth-login-webflux)

spring-5-reactive-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reactive/security/SpringSecurity5Application.java

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.HttpHandler;
 import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.config.EnableWebFlux;
 import org.springframework.web.server.adapter.WebHttpHandlerBuilder;
-import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
+import reactor.ipc.netty.NettyContext;
-import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;
+import reactor.ipc.netty.http.server.HttpServer;
 
 @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.baeldung.reactive.security"})
 @EnableWebFlux
@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@ public class SpringSecurity5Application {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         try (AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
                      new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringSecurity5Application.class)) {
-            context.getBean(DisposableServer.class).onDispose().block();
+            context.getBean(NettyContext.class).onClose().block();
         }
     }
 
     @Bean
-    public DisposableServer nettyContext(ApplicationContext context) {
+    public NettyContext nettyContext(ApplicationContext context) {
         HttpHandler handler = WebHttpHandlerBuilder.applicationContext(context)
                 .build();
         ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter adapter = new ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter(handler);
-        return HttpServer.create().host("localhost").port(8080).handle(adapter).bind().block();
+        HttpServer httpServer = HttpServer.create("localhost", 8080);
+        return httpServer.newHandler(adapter).block();
     }
 
 }

spring-5-reactive/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reactive/Spring5ReactiveServerClientIntegrationTest.java

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
-import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
+import reactor.ipc.netty.NettyContext;
-import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;
+import reactor.ipc.netty.http.server.HttpServer;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
 
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates
 import static org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates.POST;
 
 public class Spring5ReactiveServerClientIntegrationTest {
-    private static DisposableServer nettyServer;
+    private static NettyContext nettyContext;
 
     @BeforeAll
     public static void setUp() throws Exception {
-        HttpServer server = HttpServer.create().host("localhost").port(8080);
+        HttpServer server = HttpServer.create("localhost", 8080);
         RouterFunction<?> route = RouterFunctions.route(POST("/task/process"), request -> ServerResponse.ok()
             .body(request.bodyToFlux(Task.class)
                 .map(ll -> new Task("TaskName", 1)), Task.class))
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@ public class Spring5ReactiveServerClientIntegrationTest {
                 .body(Mono.just("server is alive"), String.class)));
         HttpHandler httpHandler = RouterFunctions.toHttpHandler(route);
         ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter adapter = new ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter(httpHandler);
-        nettyServer = server.handle(adapter).bind().block();
+        nettyContext = server.newHandler(adapter)
+            .block();
     }
 
     @AfterAll
     public static void shutDown() {
-        nettyServer.dispose();
+        nettyContext.dispose();
     }
 
     // @Test

spring-5-security-oauth/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+## Relevant articles:
+
+- [Spring Security 5 -OAuth2 Login](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-security-5-oauth2-login)
+- [Extracting Principal and Authorities using Spring Security OAuth](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-security-oauth-principal-authorities-extractor)

spring-5-security-oauth/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>spring-5-security-oauth</artifactId>
+    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>spring-5-security-oauth</name>
+    <description>spring 5 security oauth sample project</description>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-boot-2</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../parent-boot-2</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
+            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <!-- oauth2 -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-autoconfigure</artifactId>
+            <version>${oauth-auto.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-client</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-jose</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+	
+    <properties>
+        <oauth-auto.version>2.0.1.RELEASE</oauth-auto.version>
+        <start-class>com.baeldung.oauth2.SpringOAuthApplication</start-class>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>