Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into BAEL-2688

README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 
-The "REST with Spring" Classes
+The Courses
 ==============================
 
-Here's the Master Class of REST With Spring (along with the newly announced Boot 2 material): <br/>
-**[>> THE REST WITH SPRING - MASTER CLASS](http://www.baeldung.com/rest-with-spring-course?utm_source=github&utm_medium=social&utm_content=tutorials&utm_campaign=rws#master-class)**
 
-And here's the Master Class of Learn Spring Security: <br/>
+Here's the new "Learn Spring" course: <br/>
-**[>> LEARN SPRING SECURITY - MASTER CLASS](http://www.baeldung.com/learn-spring-security-course?utm_source=github&utm_medium=social&utm_content=tutorials&utm_campaign=lss#master-class)**
+**[>> LEARN SPRING - THE MASTER CLASS](https://www.baeldung.com/learn-spring-course?utm_source=github&utm_medium=social&utm_content=tutorials&utm_campaign=ls#master-class)**
+
+Here's the Master Class of "REST With Spring" (along with the new announced Boot 2 material): <br/>
+**[>> THE REST WITH SPRING - MASTER CLASS](https://www.baeldung.com/rest-with-spring-course?utm_source=github&utm_medium=social&utm_content=tutorials&utm_campaign=rws#master-class)**
+
+And here's the Master Class of "Learn Spring Security": <br/>
+**[>> LEARN SPRING SECURITY - MASTER CLASS](https://www.baeldung.com/learn-spring-security-course?utm_source=github&utm_medium=social&utm_content=tutorials&utm_campaign=lss#master-class)**
 
 
 
@@ -15,7 +19,7 @@ Java and Spring Tutorials
 
 This project is **a collection of small and focused tutorials** - each covering a single and well defined area of development in the Java ecosystem. 
 A strong focus of these is, of course, the Spring Framework - Spring, Spring Boot and Spring Security. 
-In additional to Spring, the following technologies are in focus: `core Java`, `Jackson`, `HttpClient`, `Guava`. 
+In additional to Spring, the modules here are covering a number of aspects in Java. 
 
 
 Building the project
@@ -32,8 +36,15 @@ Running a Spring Boot module
 ====================
 To run a Spring Boot module run the command: `mvn spring-boot:run` in the module directory
 
-###Running Tests
 
+Working with the IDE
+====================
+This repo contains a large number of modules. 
+When you're working with an individual module, there's no need to import all of them (or build all of them) - you can simply import that particular module in either Eclipse or IntelliJ. 
+
+
+Running Tests
+=============
 The command `mvn clean install` will run the unit tests in a module.
 To run the integration tests, use the command `mvn clean install -Pintegration-lite-first`
 

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/stringsortingbynumber/NaturalOrderComparators.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.stringsortingbynumber;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+public final class NaturalOrderComparators {
+
+    private static final String DIGIT_AND_DECIMAL_REGEX = "[^\\d.]";
+
+    private NaturalOrderComparators() {
+        throw new AssertionError("Let's keep this static");
+    }
+
+    public static Comparator<String> createNaturalOrderRegexComparator() {
+        return Comparator.comparingDouble(NaturalOrderComparators::parseStringToNumber);
+    }
+
+    private static double parseStringToNumber(String input){
+
+        final String digitsOnly = input.replaceAll(DIGIT_AND_DECIMAL_REGEX, "");
+
+        if("".equals(digitsOnly)) return 0;
+
+        try{
+            return Double.parseDouble(digitsOnly);
+        }catch (NumberFormatException nfe){
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+}

algorithms-miscellaneous-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/stringsortingbynumber/NaturalOrderComparatorsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.stringsortingbynumber;
+
+import com.baeldung.algorithms.stringsortingbynumber.NaturalOrderComparators;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class NaturalOrderComparatorsUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSimpleStringsContainingIntsAndDoubles_whenSortedByRegex_checkSortingCorrect() {
+
+        List<String> testStrings = Arrays.asList("a1", "b3", "c4", "d2.2", "d2.4", "d2.3d");
+
+        testStrings.sort(NaturalOrderComparators.createNaturalOrderRegexComparator());
+
+        List<String> expected = Arrays.asList("a1", "d2.2", "d2.3d", "d2.4", "b3", "c4");
+
+        assertEquals(expected, testStrings);
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenSimpleStringsContainingIntsAndDoublesWithAnInvalidNumber_whenSortedByRegex_checkSortingCorrect() {
+
+        List<String> testStrings = Arrays.asList("a1", "b3", "c4", "d2.2", "d2.4", "d2.3.3d");
+
+        testStrings.sort(NaturalOrderComparators.createNaturalOrderRegexComparator());
+
+        List<String> expected = Arrays.asList("d2.3.3d", "a1", "d2.2", "d2.4", "b3", "c4");
+
+        assertEquals(expected, testStrings);
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAllForseenProblems_whenSortedByRegex_checkSortingCorrect() {
+
+        List<String> testStrings = Arrays.asList("a1", "b3", "c4", "d2.2", "d2.f4", "d2.3.3d");
+
+        testStrings.sort(NaturalOrderComparators.createNaturalOrderRegexComparator());
+
+        List<String> expected = Arrays.asList("d2.3.3d", "a1", "d2.2", "d2.f4", "b3", "c4");
+
+        assertEquals(expected, testStrings);
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenComplexStringsContainingSeparatedNumbers_whenSortedByRegex_checkNumbersCondensedAndSorted() {
+
+        List<String> testStrings = Arrays.asList("a1b2c5", "b3ght3.2", "something65.thensomething5"); //125, 33.2, 65.5
+
+        List<String> expected = Arrays.asList("b3ght3.2", "something65.thensomething5", "a1b2c5" );
+
+        testStrings.sort(NaturalOrderComparators.createNaturalOrderRegexComparator());
+
+        assertEquals(expected, testStrings);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenStringsNotContainingNumbers_whenSortedByRegex_checkOrderNotChanged() {
+
+        List<String> testStrings = Arrays.asList("a", "c", "d", "e");
+        List<String> expected = new ArrayList<>(testStrings);
+
+        testStrings.sort(NaturalOrderComparators.createNaturalOrderRegexComparator());
+
+        assertEquals(expected, testStrings);
+    }
+}

algorithms-sorting/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/shellsort/ShellSort.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.shellsort;
+
+public class ShellSort {
+
+    public static void sort(int arrayToSort[]) {
+        int n = arrayToSort.length;
+
+        for (int gap = n / 2; gap > 0; gap /= 2) {
+            for (int i = gap; i < n; i++) {
+                int key = arrayToSort[i];
+                int j = i;
+                while (j >= gap && arrayToSort[j - gap] > key) {
+                    arrayToSort[j] = arrayToSort[j - gap];
+                    j -= gap;
+                }
+                arrayToSort[j] = key;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

algorithms-sorting/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/shellsort/ShellSortUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.shellsort;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ShellSortUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenUnsortedArray_whenShellSort_thenSortedAsc() {
+        int[] input = {41, 15, 82, 5, 65, 19, 32, 43, 8};
+        ShellSort.sort(input);
+        int[] expected = {5, 8, 15, 19, 32, 41, 43, 65, 82};
+        assertArrayEquals("the two arrays are not equal", expected, input);
+    }
+}

axon/pom.xml

@@ -18,12 +18,6 @@
             <groupId>org.axonframework</groupId>
             <artifactId>axon-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
             <version>${axon.version}</version>
-            <exclusions>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <groupId>org.axonframework</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>axon-server-connector</artifactId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
@@ -58,7 +52,7 @@
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
-        <axon.version>4.0.3</axon.version>
+        <axon.version>4.1.2</axon.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregate.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
 import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
 import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderPlacedEvent;
 import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.UnconfirmedOrderException;
 
 @Aggregate
 public class OrderAggregate {
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ public class OrderAggregate {
     @CommandHandler
     public void handle(ShipOrderCommand command) {
         if (!orderConfirmed) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot ship an order which has not been confirmed yet.");
+            throw new UnconfirmedOrderException();
         }
 
         apply(new OrderShippedEvent(orderId));
@@ -43,12 +44,12 @@ public class OrderAggregate {
     @EventSourcingHandler
     public void on(OrderPlacedEvent event) {
         this.orderId = event.getOrderId();
-        orderConfirmed = false;
+        this.orderConfirmed = false;
     }
 
     @EventSourcingHandler
     public void on(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
-        orderConfirmed = true;
+        this.orderConfirmed = true;
     }
 
     protected OrderAggregate() {

axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/UnconfirmedOrderException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions;
+
+public class UnconfirmedOrderException extends IllegalStateException {
+
+    public UnconfirmedOrderException() {
+        super("Cannot ship an order which has not been confirmed yet.");
+    }
+}

axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrderedProductsEventHandler.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.axonframework.config.ProcessingGroup;
 import org.axonframework.eventhandling.EventHandler;
 import org.axonframework.queryhandling.QueryHandler;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.FindAllOrderedProductsQuery;
 import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.OrderedProduct;
 
 @Service
+@ProcessingGroup("ordered-products")
 public class OrderedProductsEventHandler {
 
     private final Map<String, OrderedProduct> orderedProducts = new HashMap<>();

axon/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+spring.application.name=Order Management Service

axon/src/test/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregateUnitTest.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.baeldung.axon.commandmodel;
 
 import java.util.UUID;
 
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.UnconfirmedOrderException;
 import org.axonframework.test.aggregate.AggregateTestFixture;
 import org.axonframework.test.aggregate.FixtureConfiguration;
 import org.junit.*;
@@ -41,12 +42,12 @@ public class OrderAggregateUnitTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenOrderPlacedEvent_whenShipOrderCommand_thenShouldThrowIllegalStateException() {
+    public void givenOrderPlacedEvent_whenShipOrderCommand_thenShouldThrowUnconfirmedOrderException() {
         String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
         String product = "Deluxe Chair";
         fixture.given(new OrderPlacedEvent(orderId, product))
                .when(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId))
-               .expectException(IllegalStateException.class);
+               .expectException(UnconfirmedOrderException.class);
     }
 
     @Test

core-java-modules/core-java-12/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-## Relevant articles:
+## Relevant Articles:
+
 
 - [String API Updates in Java 12](https://www.baeldung.com/java12-string-api)

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-2/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+*.class
+
+0.*
+
+#folders#
+/target
+/neoDb*
+/data
+/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes
+*/META-INF/*
+.resourceCache
+
+# Packaged files #
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.ear
+
+# Files generated by integration tests
+backup-pom.xml
+/bin/
+/temp
+
+#IntelliJ specific
+.idea/
+*.iml

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-2/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>core-java-arrays-2</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>core-java-arrays-2</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-java</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../../parent-java</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <!-- test scoped -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj-core.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <finalName>core-java-arrays-2</finalName>
+        <resources>
+            <resource>
+                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+                <filtering>true</filtering>
+            </resource>
+        </resources>
+    </build>
+
+    <properties>
+
+        <!-- util -->
+        <commons-lang3.version>3.9</commons-lang3.version>
+        <!-- testing -->
+        <assertj-core.version>3.10.0</assertj-core.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/looping/LoopDiagonally.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.looping;
+
+public class LoopDiagonally {
+
+
+    public String loopDiagonally(String[][] twoDArray) {
+
+        int length = twoDArray.length;
+        int diagonalLines = (length + length) - 1;
+        int itemsInDiagonal = 0;
+        int midPoint = (diagonalLines / 2) + 1;
+        StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
+
+        for (int i = 1; i <= diagonalLines; i++) {
+
+            StringBuilder items = new StringBuilder();
+            int rowIndex;
+            int columnIndex;
+
+            if (i <= midPoint) {
+                itemsInDiagonal++;
+                for (int j = 0; j < itemsInDiagonal; j++) {
+                    rowIndex = (i - j) - 1;
+                    columnIndex = j;
+                    items.append(twoDArray[rowIndex][columnIndex]);
+                }
+            } else {
+                itemsInDiagonal--;
+                for (int j = 0; j < itemsInDiagonal; j++) {
+                    rowIndex = (length - 1) - j;
+                    columnIndex = (i - length) + j;
+                    items.append(twoDArray[rowIndex][columnIndex]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (i != diagonalLines) {
+                output.append(items).append(" ");
+            } else {
+                output.append(items);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return output.toString();
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/array/looping/LoopDiagonallyUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.looping;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class LoopDiagonallyUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void twoArrayIsLoopedDiagonallyAsExpected() {
+
+        LoopDiagonally loopDiagonally = new LoopDiagonally();
+        String[][] twoDArray = {{"a", "b", "c"},
+                                {"d", "e", "f"},
+                                {"g", "h", "i"}};
+
+        String output = loopDiagonally.loopDiagonally(twoDArray);
+        assertEquals("a db gec hf i", output);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/SortedArrayChecker.java

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ package com.baeldung.array;
 
 import com.baeldung.arraycopy.model.Employee;
 
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
 public class SortedArrayChecker {
+
     boolean isSorted(int[] array, int length) {
         if (array == null || length < 2)
             return true;
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ public class SortedArrayChecker {
         return true;
     }
 
-    boolean isSorted(String[] array, int length) {
+    boolean isSorted(Comparable[] array, int length) {
         if (array == null || length < 2)
             return true;
 
@@ -32,40 +35,31 @@ public class SortedArrayChecker {
         return isSorted(array, length - 1);
     }
 
-boolean isSorted(String[] array) {
+    boolean isSorted(Comparable[] array) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; ++i) {
-        if (array[i].compareTo(array[i + 1]) > 0)
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-    boolean isSortedByName(Employee[] array) {
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; ++i) {
-            if (array[i].getName().compareTo(array[i + 1].getName()) > 0)
+            if (array[i].compareTo(array[i + 1]) > 0)
                 return false;
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
-boolean isSortedByAge(Employee[] array) {
+    boolean isSorted(Object[] array, Comparator comparator) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; ++i) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; ++i) {
-        if (array[i].getAge() > (array[i + 1].getAge()))
+            if (comparator.compare(array[i], (array[i + 1])) > 0)
-            return false;
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
     }
 
-    return true;
+    boolean isSorted(Object[] array, Comparator comparator, int length) {
-}
-
-    boolean isSortedByAge(Employee[] array, int length) {
         if (array == null || length < 2)
             return true;
 
-        if (array[length - 2].getAge() > array[length - 1].getAge())
+        if (comparator.compare(array[length - 2], array[length - 1]) > 0)
             return false;
 
-        return isSortedByAge(array, length - 1);
+        return isSorted(array, comparator, length - 1);
     }
 }

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays/src/test/java/com/baeldung/array/SortedArrayCheckerUnitTest.java

@@ -4,32 +4,33 @@ import com.baeldung.arraycopy.model.Employee;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-class SortedArrayCheckerUnitTest {
+public class SortedArrayCheckerUnitTest {
-
     private static final int[] INTEGER_SORTED = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
     private static final int[] INTEGER_NOT_SORTED = {1, 3, 11, 7};
 
     private static final String[] STRING_SORTED = {"abc", "cde", "fgh"};
     private static final String[] STRING_NOT_SORTED = {"abc", "fgh", "cde", "ijk"};
 
-    private final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_NAME = {
+    private static final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_NAME = {
             new Employee(1, "Carlos", 26),
             new Employee(2, "Daniel", 31),
             new Employee(3, "Marta", 27)};
 
-    private final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_NAME = {
+    private static final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_NAME = {
             new Employee(1, "Daniel", 31),
             new Employee(2, "Carlos", 26),
             new Employee(3, "Marta", 27)};
 
-    private final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE = {
+    private static final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE = {
             new Employee(1, "Carlos", 26),
             new Employee(2, "Marta", 27),
             new Employee(3, "Daniel", 31)};
 
-    private final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE = {
+    private static final Employee[] EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE = {
             new Employee(1, "Marta", 27),
             new Employee(2, "Carlos", 26),
             new Employee(3, "Daniel", 31)};
@@ -61,13 +62,18 @@ class SortedArrayCheckerUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenEmployeeArray_thenReturnIfItIsSortedOrNot() {
-        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSortedByName(EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_NAME)).isEqualTo(true);
+        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSorted(EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_NAME, Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName))).isEqualTo(true);
-        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSortedByName(EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_NAME)).isEqualTo(false);
+        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSorted(EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_NAME, Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName))).isEqualTo(false);
 
-        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSortedByAge(EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE)).isEqualTo(true);
+        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSorted(EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE, Comparator.comparingInt(Employee::getAge))).isEqualTo(true);
-        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSortedByAge(EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE)).isEqualTo(false);
+        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSorted(EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE, Comparator.comparingInt(Employee::getAge))).isEqualTo(false);
 
-        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSortedByAge(EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE, EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE.length)).isEqualTo(true);
+        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker
-        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker.isSortedByAge(EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE, EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE.length)).isEqualTo(false);
+                .isSorted(EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE, Comparator.comparingInt(Employee::getAge), EMPLOYEES_SORTED_BY_AGE.length))
+                .isEqualTo(true);
+        assertThat(sortedArrayChecker
+                .isSorted(EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE, Comparator.comparingInt(Employee::getAge), EMPLOYEES_NOT_SORTED_BY_AGE.length))
+                .isEqualTo(false);
     }
+
 }

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-## Relevant articles:
+## Relevant Articles:
 
 - [Will an Error Be Caught by Catch Block in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-error-catch)

core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/files/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.files;
+
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingApacheCommonsIO;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingBufferedReader;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingGoogleGuava;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingLineNumberReader;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFileChannel;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFiles;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingScanner;
+
+public class Main {
+
+    private static final String INPUT_FILE_NAME = "src/main/resources/input.txt";
+
+    public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using BufferedReader: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingBufferedReader(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using LineNumberReader: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingLineNumberReader(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using Scanner: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingScanner(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using NIO Files: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFiles(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using NIO FileChannel: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFileChannel(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using Apache Commons IO: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingApacheCommonsIO(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+        System.out.printf("Total Number of Lines Using NIO Google Guava: %s%n", getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingGoogleGuava(INPUT_FILE_NAME));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/files/NumberOfLineFinder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package com.baeldung.files;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.LineNumberReader;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.LineIterator;
+
+public class NumberOfLineFinder {
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingBufferedReader(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 0;
+        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {
+            while (reader.readLine() != null) {
+                lines++;
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingLineNumberReader(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 0;
+        try (LineNumberReader reader = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {
+            reader.skip(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+            lines = reader.getLineNumber() + 1;
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingScanner(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 0;
+        try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new FileReader(fileName))) {
+            while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
+                scanner.nextLine();
+                lines++;
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFiles(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 0;
+        try (Stream<String> fileStream = Files.lines(Paths.get(fileName))) {
+            lines = (int) fileStream.count();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFileChannel(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 1;
+        try (FileChannel channel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get(fileName), StandardOpenOption.READ)) {
+            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = channel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, channel.size());
+            while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                byte currentChar = byteBuffer.get();
+                if (currentChar == '\n') {
+                    lines++;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingApacheCommonsIO(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 0;
+        try {
+            LineIterator lineIterator = FileUtils.lineIterator(new File(fileName));
+            while (lineIterator.hasNext()) {
+                lineIterator.nextLine();
+                lines++;
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingGoogleGuava(String fileName) {
+        int lines = 0;
+        try {
+            List<String> lineItems = com.google.common.io.Files.readLines(Paths.get(fileName)
+                .toFile(), Charset.defaultCharset());
+            lines = lineItems.size();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/file/NumberOfLineFinderUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.baeldung.file;
+
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingApacheCommonsIO;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingBufferedReader;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingGoogleGuava;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingLineNumberReader;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFileChannel;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFiles;
+import static com.baeldung.files.NumberOfLineFinder.getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingScanner;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class NumberOfLineFinderUnitTest {
+    private static final String INPUT_FILE_NAME = "src/main/resources/input.txt";
+    private static final int ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT = 45;
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingBufferedReader_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingBufferedReader(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingLineNumberReader_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingLineNumberReader(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingScanner_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingScanner(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingNIOFiles_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFiles(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingNIOFileChannel_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingNIOFileChannel(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingApacheCommonsIO_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingApacheCommonsIO(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingGoogleGuava_thenReturnTotalNumberOfLines() {
+        int lines = getTotalNumberOfLinesUsingGoogleGuava(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
+        assertEquals(ACTUAL_LINE_COUNT, lines);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/aggregation/Car.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.aggregation;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Car {
+
+    private List<Wheel> wheels;
+    
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/aggregation/CarWithStaticInnerWheel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.aggregation;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CarWithStaticInnerWheel {
+
+    private List<Wheel> wheels;
+
+    public static class Wheel {
+
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/aggregation/Wheel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.aggregation;
+
+public class Wheel {
+
+    private Car car;
+    
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/association/Child.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.association;
+
+public class Child {
+
+    private Mother mother;
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/association/Mother.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.association;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Mother {
+
+    private List<Child> children;
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/composition/Building.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.composition;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Building {
+
+    private String address;
+    private List<Room> rooms;
+    
+    public class Room {
+        
+        public String getBuildingAddress() {
+            return Building.this.address;
+        }
+        
+    }
+    
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/composition/BuildingWithDefinitionRoomInMethod.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.composition;
+
+public class BuildingWithDefinitionRoomInMethod {
+
+    public Room createAnonymousRoom() {
+        return new Room() {
+            @Override
+            public void doInRoom() {}
+        };
+    }
+
+    public Room createInlineRoom() {
+        class InlineRoom implements Room {
+            @Override
+            public void doInRoom() {}
+        }
+        return new InlineRoom();
+    }
+    
+    public Room createLambdaRoom() {
+        return () -> {};
+    }
+
+    public interface Room {
+        void doInRoom();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/university/Department.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.university;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Department {
+
+    private List<Professor> professors;
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/university/Professor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.university;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Professor {
+
+    private List<Department> department;
+    private List<Professor> friends;
+    
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/relationships/university/University.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.relationships.university;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class University {
+
+    private List<Department> department;
+    
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-syntax/src/test/java/com/baeldung/incrementdecrementunaryoperator/IncrementDecrementUnaryOperatorUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.incrementdecrementunaryoperator;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class IncrementDecrementUnaryOperatorUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnOperand_whenUsingPreIncrementUnaryOperator_thenOperandIsIncrementedByOne() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        ++operand;
+        assertThat(operand).isEqualTo(2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenANumber_whenUsingPreIncrementUnaryOperatorInEvaluation_thenNumberIsIncrementedByOne() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        int number = ++operand;
+        assertThat(number).isEqualTo(2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnOperand_whenUsingPreDecrementUnaryOperator_thenOperandIsDecrementedByOne() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        --operand;
+        assertThat(operand).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenANumber_whenUsingPreDecrementUnaryOperatorInEvaluation_thenNumberIsDecrementedByOne() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        int number = --operand;
+        assertThat(number).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnOperand_whenUsingPostIncrementUnaryOperator_thenOperandIsIncrementedByOne() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        operand++;
+        assertThat(operand).isEqualTo(2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenANumber_whenUsingPostIncrementUnaryOperatorInEvaluation_thenNumberIsSameAsOldValue() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        int number = operand++;
+        assertThat(number).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAnOperand_whenUsingPostDecrementUnaryOperator_thenOperandIsDecrementedByOne() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        operand--;
+        assertThat(operand).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenANumber_whenUsingPostDecrementUnaryOperatorInEvaluation_thenNumberIsSameAsOldValue() {
+        int operand = 1;
+        int number = operand--;
+        assertThat(number).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-networking-2/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+*.class
+
+0.*
+
+#folders#
+/target
+/neoDb*
+/data
+/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes
+*/META-INF/*
+.resourceCache
+
+# Packaged files #
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.ear
+
+# Files generated by integration tests
+backup-pom.xml
+/bin/
+/temp
+
+#IntelliJ specific
+.idea/
+*.iml

core-java-modules/core-java-networking-2/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-networking-2</artifactId>
+    <name>core-java-networking-2</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <finalName>core-java-networking-2</finalName>
+    </build>	
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-networking-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/url/UrlChecker.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.url;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+public class UrlChecker {
+
+    public int getResponseCodeForURL(String address) throws IOException {
+        return getResponseCodeForURLUsing(address, "GET");
+    }
+
+    public int getResponseCodeForURLUsingHead(String address) throws IOException {
+        return getResponseCodeForURLUsing(address, "HEAD");
+    }
+
+    private int getResponseCodeForURLUsing(String address, String method) throws IOException {
+        HttpURLConnection.setFollowRedirects(false); // Set follow redirects to false
+        final URL url = new URL(address);
+        HttpURLConnection huc = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+        huc.setRequestMethod(method);
+        return huc.getResponseCode();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-networking-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/url/UrlCheckerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.url;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class UrlCheckerUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenValidUrl_WhenUsingHEAD_ThenReturn200() throws IOException {
+        UrlChecker tester = new UrlChecker();
+        int responseCode = tester.getResponseCodeForURLUsingHead("http://www.example.com");
+        assertEquals(200, responseCode);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenInvalidIUrl_WhenUsingHEAD_ThenReturn404() throws IOException {
+        UrlChecker tester = new UrlChecker();
+        int responseCode = tester.getResponseCodeForURLUsingHead("http://www.example.com/unkownurl");
+        assertEquals(404, responseCode);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenValidUrl_WhenUsingGET_ThenReturn200() throws IOException {
+        UrlChecker tester = new UrlChecker();
+        int responseCode = tester.getResponseCodeForURL("http://www.example.com");
+        assertEquals(200, responseCode);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenInvalidIUrl_WhenUsingGET_ThenReturn404() throws IOException {
+        UrlChecker tester = new UrlChecker();
+        int responseCode = tester.getResponseCodeForURL("http://www.example.com/unkownurl");
+        assertEquals(404, responseCode);
+    }
+    
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sasl/ClientCallbackHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.baeldung.sasl;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.security.auth.callback.Callback;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.NameCallback;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.PasswordCallback;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.UnsupportedCallbackException;
+import javax.security.sasl.RealmCallback;
+
+public class ClientCallbackHandler implements CallbackHandler {
+
+    @Override
+    public void handle(Callback[] cbs) throws IOException, UnsupportedCallbackException {
+        for (Callback cb : cbs) {
+            if (cb instanceof NameCallback) {
+                NameCallback nc = (NameCallback) cb;
+                nc.setName("username");
+            } else if (cb instanceof PasswordCallback) {
+                PasswordCallback pc = (PasswordCallback) cb;
+                pc.setPassword("password".toCharArray());
+            } else if (cb instanceof RealmCallback) {
+                RealmCallback rc = (RealmCallback) cb;
+                rc.setText("myServer");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-security/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sasl/ServerCallbackHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.sasl;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.security.auth.callback.Callback;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.NameCallback;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.PasswordCallback;
+import javax.security.auth.callback.UnsupportedCallbackException;
+import javax.security.sasl.AuthorizeCallback;
+import javax.security.sasl.RealmCallback;
+
+public class ServerCallbackHandler implements CallbackHandler {
+
+    @Override
+    public void handle(Callback[] cbs) throws IOException, UnsupportedCallbackException {
+        for (Callback cb : cbs) {
+            if (cb instanceof AuthorizeCallback) {
+                AuthorizeCallback ac = (AuthorizeCallback) cb;
+                ac.setAuthorized(true);
+            } else if (cb instanceof NameCallback) {
+                NameCallback nc = (NameCallback) cb;
+                nc.setName("username");
+
+            } else if (cb instanceof PasswordCallback) {
+                PasswordCallback pc = (PasswordCallback) cb;
+                pc.setPassword("password".toCharArray());
+            } else if (cb instanceof RealmCallback) {
+                RealmCallback rc = (RealmCallback) cb;
+                rc.setText("myServer");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-security/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sasl/SaslUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package com.baeldung.sasl;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.security.sasl.Sasl;
+import javax.security.sasl.SaslClient;
+import javax.security.sasl.SaslException;
+import javax.security.sasl.SaslServer;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class SaslUnitTest {
+
+    private static final String MECHANISM = "DIGEST-MD5";
+    private static final String SERVER_NAME = "myServer";
+    private static final String PROTOCOL = "myProtocol";
+    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_ID = null;
+    private static final String QOP_LEVEL = "auth-conf";
+
+    private SaslServer saslServer;
+    private SaslClient saslClient;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws SaslException {
+
+        ServerCallbackHandler serverHandler = new ServerCallbackHandler();
+        ClientCallbackHandler clientHandler = new ClientCallbackHandler();
+
+        Map<String, String> props = new HashMap<>();
+        props.put(Sasl.QOP, QOP_LEVEL);
+
+        saslServer = Sasl.createSaslServer(MECHANISM, PROTOCOL, SERVER_NAME, props, serverHandler);
+        saslClient = Sasl.createSaslClient(new String[] { MECHANISM }, AUTHORIZATION_ID, PROTOCOL, SERVER_NAME, props, clientHandler);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHandlers_whenStarted_thenAutenticationWorks() throws SaslException {
+
+        byte[] challenge;
+        byte[] response;
+
+        challenge = saslServer.evaluateResponse(new byte[0]);
+        response = saslClient.evaluateChallenge(challenge);
+
+        challenge = saslServer.evaluateResponse(response);
+        response = saslClient.evaluateChallenge(challenge);
+
+        assertTrue(saslServer.isComplete());
+        assertTrue(saslClient.isComplete());
+
+        String qop = (String) saslClient.getNegotiatedProperty(Sasl.QOP);
+        assertEquals("auth-conf", qop);
+
+        byte[] outgoing = "Baeldung".getBytes();
+        byte[] secureOutgoing = saslClient.wrap(outgoing, 0, outgoing.length);
+
+        byte[] secureIncoming = secureOutgoing;
+        byte[] incoming = saslServer.unwrap(secureIncoming, 0, secureIncoming.length);
+        assertEquals("Baeldung", new String(incoming, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws SaslException {
+        saslClient.dispose();
+        saslServer.dispose();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/multimodulemavenproject/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Relevant Articles
+
+- [Multi-Module Maven Application with Java Modules](https://www.baeldung.com/maven-multi-module-project-java-jpms)

core-java-modules/pom.xml

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
         <module>pre-jpms</module>
         <module>core-java-exceptions</module>
         <module>core-java-optional</module>
+        <module>core-java-networking-2</module>
     </modules>
     
 </project>

data-structures/src/main/java/com/baeldung/graph/Graph.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.baeldung.graph;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Stack;
+
+public class Graph {
+
+    private Map<Integer, List<Integer>> adjVertices;
+
+    public Graph() {
+        this.adjVertices = new HashMap<Integer, List<Integer>>();
+    }
+
+    public void addVertex(int vertex) {
+        adjVertices.putIfAbsent(vertex, new ArrayList<>());
+    }
+
+    public void addEdge(int src, int dest) {
+        adjVertices.get(src).add(dest);
+    }
+
+    public void dfsWithoutRecursion(int start) {
+        Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<Integer>();
+        boolean[] isVisited = new boolean[adjVertices.size()];
+        stack.push(start);
+        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
+            int current = stack.pop();
+            isVisited[current] = true;
+            System.out.print(" " + current);
+            for (int dest : adjVertices.get(current)) {
+                if (!isVisited[dest])
+                    stack.push(dest);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void dfs(int start) {
+        boolean[] isVisited = new boolean[adjVertices.size()];
+        dfsRecursive(start, isVisited);
+    }
+
+    private void dfsRecursive(int current, boolean[] isVisited) {
+        isVisited[current] = true;
+        System.out.print(" " + current);
+        for (int dest : adjVertices.get(current)) {
+            if (!isVisited[dest])
+                dfsRecursive(dest, isVisited);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void topologicalSort(int start) {
+        Stack<Integer> result = new Stack<Integer>();
+        boolean[] isVisited = new boolean[adjVertices.size()];
+        topologicalSortRecursive(start, isVisited, result);
+        while (!result.isEmpty()) {
+            System.out.print(" " + result.pop());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void topologicalSortRecursive(int current, boolean[] isVisited, Stack<Integer> result) {
+        isVisited[current] = true;
+        for (int dest : adjVertices.get(current)) {
+            if (!isVisited[dest])
+                topologicalSortRecursive(dest, isVisited, result);
+        }
+        result.push(current);
+    }
+
+}

data-structures/src/main/java/com/baeldung/tree/BinaryTree.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.baeldung.tree;
 
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.Stack;
 
 public class BinaryTree {
 
@@ -147,6 +148,68 @@ public class BinaryTree {
         }
     }
 
+    
+    public void traverseInOrderWithoutRecursion() {
+        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
+        Node current = root;
+        stack.push(root);
+        while(! stack.isEmpty()) {
+            while(current.left != null) {
+                current = current.left;                
+                stack.push(current);                
+            }
+            current = stack.pop();
+            System.out.print(" " + current.value);
+            if(current.right != null) {
+                current = current.right;                
+                stack.push(current);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void traversePreOrderWithoutRecursion() {
+        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
+        Node current = root;
+        stack.push(root);
+        while(! stack.isEmpty()) {
+            current = stack.pop();
+            System.out.print(" " + current.value);
+            
+            if(current.right != null)
+                stack.push(current.right);
+                
+            if(current.left != null)
+                stack.push(current.left);
+        }        
+    }
+    
+    public void traversePostOrderWithoutRecursion() {
+        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
+        Node prev = root;
+        Node current = root;
+        stack.push(root);
+
+        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
+            current = stack.peek();
+            boolean hasChild = (current.left != null || current.right != null);
+            boolean isPrevLastChild = (prev == current.right || (prev == current.left && current.right == null));
+
+            if (!hasChild || isPrevLastChild) {
+                current = stack.pop();
+                System.out.print(" " + current.value);
+                prev = current;
+            } else {
+                if (current.right != null) {
+                    stack.push(current.right);
+                }
+                if (current.left != null) {
+                    stack.push(current.left);
+                }
+            }
+        }   
+    }    
+    
+    
     class Node {
         int value;
         Node left;

data-structures/src/test/java/com/baeldung/graph/GraphUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.graph;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class GraphUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDirectedGraph_whenDFS_thenPrintAllValues() {
+        Graph graph = createDirectedGraph();
+        graph.dfs(0);
+        System.out.println();
+        graph.dfsWithoutRecursion(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenDirectedGraph_whenGetTopologicalSort_thenPrintValuesSorted() {
+        Graph graph = createDirectedGraph();
+        graph.topologicalSort(0);
+    }
+
+    private Graph createDirectedGraph() {
+        Graph graph = new Graph();
+        graph.addVertex(0);
+        graph.addVertex(1);
+        graph.addVertex(2);
+        graph.addVertex(3);
+        graph.addVertex(4);
+        graph.addVertex(5);
+        graph.addEdge(0, 1);
+        graph.addEdge(0, 2);
+        graph.addEdge(1, 3);
+        graph.addEdge(2, 3);
+        graph.addEdge(3, 4);
+        graph.addEdge(4, 5);
+        return graph;
+    }
+}

data-structures/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tree/BinaryTreeUnitTest.java

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ public class BinaryTreeUnitTest {
         BinaryTree bt = createBinaryTree();
 
         bt.traverseInOrder(bt.root);
+        System.out.println();
+        bt.traverseInOrderWithoutRecursion();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -95,6 +97,8 @@ public class BinaryTreeUnitTest {
         BinaryTree bt = createBinaryTree();
 
         bt.traversePreOrder(bt.root);
+        System.out.println();
+        bt.traversePreOrderWithoutRecursion();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -103,6 +107,8 @@ public class BinaryTreeUnitTest {
         BinaryTree bt = createBinaryTree();
 
         bt.traversePostOrder(bt.root);
+        System.out.println();
+        bt.traversePostOrderWithoutRecursion();
     }
 
     @Test

java-numbers-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/binarynumbers/BinaryNumbers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package com.baeldung.binarynumbers;
+
+public class BinaryNumbers {
+
+    /**
+     * This method takes a decimal number and convert it into a binary number.
+     * example:- input:10, output:1010
+     *
+     * @param decimalNumber
+     * @return binary number
+     */
+    public Integer convertDecimalToBinary(Integer decimalNumber) {
+
+        if (decimalNumber == 0) {
+            return decimalNumber;
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder binaryNumber = new StringBuilder();
+
+        while (decimalNumber > 0) {
+
+            int remainder = decimalNumber % 2;
+            int result = decimalNumber / 2;
+
+            binaryNumber.append(remainder);
+            decimalNumber = result;
+        }
+
+        binaryNumber = binaryNumber.reverse();
+
+        return Integer.valueOf(binaryNumber.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method takes a binary number and convert it into a decimal number.
+     * example:- input:101, output:5
+     *
+     * @param binary number
+     * @return decimal Number
+     */
+    public Integer convertBinaryToDecimal(Integer binaryNumber) {
+
+        Integer result = 0;
+        Integer base = 1;
+
+        while (binaryNumber > 0) {
+
+            int lastDigit = binaryNumber % 10;
+            binaryNumber = binaryNumber / 10;
+
+            result += lastDigit * base;
+
+            base = base * 2;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method accepts two binary numbers and returns sum of input numbers.
+     * Example:- firstNum: 101, secondNum: 100, output: 1001
+     *
+     * @param firstNum
+     * @param secondNum
+     * @return addition of input numbers
+     */
+    public Integer addBinaryNumber(Integer firstNum, Integer secondNum) {
+
+        StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
+
+        int carry = 0;
+        int temp;
+
+        while (firstNum != 0 || secondNum != 0) {
+
+            temp = (firstNum % 10 + secondNum % 10 + carry) % 2;
+            output.append(temp);
+
+            carry = (firstNum % 10 + secondNum % 10 + carry) / 2;
+
+            firstNum = firstNum / 10;
+            secondNum = secondNum / 10;
+        }
+
+        if (carry != 0) {
+            output.append(carry);
+        }
+
+        return Integer.valueOf(output.reverse()
+            .toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * This method takes two binary number as input and subtract second number from the first number.
+    * example:- firstNum: 1000, secondNum: 11, output: 101
+    * @param firstNum
+    * @param secondNum
+    * @return Result of subtraction of secondNum from first
+    */
+    public Integer substractBinaryNumber(Integer firstNum, Integer secondNum) {
+
+        int onesComplement = Integer.valueOf(getOnesComplement(secondNum));
+
+        StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
+
+        int carry = 0;
+        int temp;
+
+        while (firstNum != 0 || onesComplement != 0) {
+
+            temp = (firstNum % 10 + onesComplement % 10 + carry) % 2;
+            output.append(temp);
+
+            carry = (firstNum % 10 + onesComplement % 10 + carry) / 2;
+
+            firstNum = firstNum / 10;
+            onesComplement = onesComplement / 10;
+        }
+
+        String additionOfFirstNumAndOnesComplement = output.reverse()
+            .toString();
+
+        if (carry == 1) {
+            return addBinaryNumber(Integer.valueOf(additionOfFirstNumAndOnesComplement), carry);
+        } else {
+            return getOnesComplement(Integer.valueOf(additionOfFirstNumAndOnesComplement));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public Integer getOnesComplement(Integer num) {
+
+        StringBuilder onesComplement = new StringBuilder();
+
+        while (num > 0) {
+            int lastDigit = num % 10;
+            if (lastDigit == 0) {
+                onesComplement.append(1);
+            } else {
+                onesComplement.append(0);
+            }
+            num = num / 10;
+        }
+
+        return Integer.valueOf(onesComplement.reverse()
+            .toString());
+    }
+
+}

java-numbers-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/binarynumbers/BinaryNumbersUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package com.baeldung.binarynumbers;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class BinaryNumbersUnitTest {
+
+    private BinaryNumbers binaryNumbers = new BinaryNumbers();
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_decimalNumber_then_returnBinaryNumber() {
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(1000), binaryNumbers.convertDecimalToBinary(8));
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(10100), binaryNumbers.convertDecimalToBinary(20));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_decimalNumber_then_convertToBinaryNumber() {
+        assertEquals("1000", Integer.toBinaryString(8));
+        assertEquals("10100", Integer.toBinaryString(20));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_binaryNumber_then_ConvertToDecimalNumber() {
+        assertEquals(8, Integer.parseInt("1000", 2));
+        assertEquals(20, Integer.parseInt("10100", 2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_binaryNumber_then_returnDecimalNumber() {
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(8), binaryNumbers.convertBinaryToDecimal(1000));
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(20), binaryNumbers.convertBinaryToDecimal(10100));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_twoBinaryNumber_then_returnAddition() {
+        // adding 4 and 10
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(1110), binaryNumbers.addBinaryNumber(100, 1010));
+
+        // adding 26 and 14
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(101000), binaryNumbers.addBinaryNumber(11010, 1110));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_twoBinaryNumber_then_returnSubtraction() {
+        // subtracting 16 from 25
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(1001), binaryNumbers.substractBinaryNumber(11001, 10000));
+
+        // subtracting 29 from 16, the output here is negative
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(1101), binaryNumbers.substractBinaryNumber(10000, 11101));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void given_binaryLiteral_thenReturnDecimalValue() {
+
+        byte five = 0b101;
+        assertEquals((byte) 5, five);
+
+        short three = 0b11;
+        assertEquals((short) 3, three);
+
+        int nine = 0B1001;
+        assertEquals(9, nine);
+
+        long twentyNine = 0B11101;
+        assertEquals(29, twentyNine);
+
+        int minusThirtySeven = -0B100101;
+        assertEquals(-37, minusThirtySeven);
+
+    }
+
+}

java-strings-2/README.MD

@@ -3,5 +3,20 @@
 - [Java Localization – Formatting Messages](https://www.baeldung.com/java-localization-messages-formatting)
 - [Check If a String Contains a Substring](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-contains-substring)
 - [Removing Stopwords from a String in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-remove-stopwords)
+- [Java – Generate Random String](http://www.baeldung.com/java-random-string)
+- [Image to Base64 String Conversion](http://www.baeldung.com/java-base64-image-string)
+- [Java Base64 Encoding and Decoding](https://www.baeldung.com/java-base64-encode-and-decode)
+- [Generate a Secure Random Password in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-generate-secure-password)
+- [Removing Repeated Characters from a String](https://www.baeldung.com/java-remove-repeated-char)
+- [Join Array of Primitives with Separator in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-join-primitive-array)
+- [Pad a String with Zeros or Spaces in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-pad-string)
+- [Remove Emojis from a Java String](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-remove-emojis)
+- [Convert a Comma Separated String to a List in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-with-separator-to-list)
+- [Guide to java.util.Formatter](http://www.baeldung.com/java-string-formatter)
+- [Remove Leading and Trailing Characters from a String](https://www.baeldung.com/java-remove-trailing-characters)
+- [Concatenating Strings In Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-strings-concatenation)
+- [Java String Interview Questions and Answers](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-interview-questions)
+- [Check if a String is a Pangram in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-pangram)
+- [Check If a String Contains Multiple Keywords](https://www.baeldung.com/string-contains-multiple-words)
 - [Blank and Empty Strings in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-blank-empty-strings)
 - [String Initialization in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-initialization)

java-strings-2/pom.xml

@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@
             <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
             <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-codec.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>junit</groupId>
             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
@@ -52,32 +62,54 @@
             <version>${org.hamcrest.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <!-- Added for password generation -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.passay</groupId>
+            <artifactId>passay</artifactId>
+            <version>${passay.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
             <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
             <version>${commons-text.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.vdurmont</groupId>
+            <artifactId>emoji-java</artifactId>
+            <version>${emoji-java.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.ahocorasick</groupId>
+            <artifactId>ahocorasick</artifactId>
+            <version>${ahocorasick.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
             <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
-            <version>2.0.0.Final</version>
+            <version>${validation-api.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
             <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
-            <version>6.0.2.Final</version>
+            <version>${hibernate-validator.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
             <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
-            <version>3.0.0</version>
+            <version>${javax.el-api.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
             <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
-            <version>2.2.6</version>
+            <version>${javax.el.version}</version>
         </dependency>
-
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -105,9 +137,19 @@
 
     <properties>
         <commons-lang3.version>3.8.1</commons-lang3.version>
+        <commons-codec.version>1.10</commons-codec.version>
+        <passay.version>1.3.1</passay.version>
+        <!-- testing -->
+        <assertj.version>3.6.1</assertj.version>
+        <emoji-java.version>4.0.0</emoji-java.version>
+        <ahocorasick.version>0.4.0</ahocorasick.version>
         <icu4j.version>61.1</icu4j.version>
         <guava.version>28.0-jre</guava.version>
         <commons-text.version>1.4</commons-text.version>
+        <validation-api.version>2.0.0.Final</validation-api.version>
+        <hibernate-validator.version>6.0.2.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
+        <javax.el-api.version>3.0.0</javax.el-api.version>
+        <javax.el.version>2.2.6</javax.el.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

java-strings-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/changecase/ToLowerCaseUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.baeldung.string.changecase;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ToLowerCaseUnitTest {
+
+    private static final Locale TURKISH = new Locale("tr");
+    private String name = "John Doe";
+    private String foreignUppercase = "\u0049";
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMixedCaseString_WhenToLowerCase_ThenResultIsLowerCase() {
+        assertEquals("john doe", name.toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenForeignString_WhenToLowerCaseWithoutLocale_ThenResultIsLowerCase() {
+        assertEquals("\u0069", foreignUppercase.toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenForeignString_WhenToLowerCaseWithLocale_ThenResultIsLowerCase() {
+        assertEquals("\u0131", foreignUppercase.toLowerCase(TURKISH));
+    }
+}

java-strings-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/changecase/ToUpperCaseUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.baeldung.string.changecase;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ToUpperCaseUnitTest {
+
+    private static final Locale TURKISH = new Locale("tr");
+    private String name = "John Doe";
+    private String foreignLowercase = "\u0069";
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMixedCaseString_WhenToUpperCase_ThenResultIsUpperCase() {
+        assertEquals("JOHN DOE", name.toUpperCase());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenForeignString_WhenToUpperCaseWithoutLocale_ThenResultIsUpperCase() {
+        assertEquals("\u0049", foreignLowercase.toUpperCase());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenForeignString_WhenToUpperCaseWithLocale_ThenResultIsUpperCase() {
+        assertEquals("\u0130", foreignLowercase.toUpperCase(TURKISH));
+    }
+}

java-strings-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/todouble/StringToDoubleConversionUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.string.todouble;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class StringToDoubleConversionUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenValidString_WhenParseDouble_ThenResultIsPrimitiveDouble() {
+        assertEquals(1.23, Double.parseDouble("1.23"), 0.000001);
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void givenNullString_WhenParseDouble_ThenNullPointerExceptionIsThrown() {
+        Double.parseDouble(null);
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = NumberFormatException.class)
+    public void givenInalidString_WhenParseDouble_ThenNumberFormatExceptionIsThrown() {
+        Double.parseDouble("&");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenValidString_WhenValueOf_ThenResultIsPrimitiveDouble() {
+        assertEquals(1.23, Double.valueOf("1.23"), 0.000001);
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void givenNullString_WhenValueOf_ThenNullPointerExceptionIsThrown() {
+        Double.valueOf(null);
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = NumberFormatException.class)
+    public void givenInalidString_WhenValueOf_ThenNumberFormatExceptionIsThrown() {
+        Double.valueOf("&");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenValidString_WhenDecimalFormat_ThenResultIsValidDouble() throws ParseException {
+        assertEquals(1.23, new DecimalFormat("#").parse("1.23").doubleValue(), 0.000001);
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void givenNullString_WhenDecimalFormat_ThenNullPointerExceptionIsThrown() throws ParseException {
+        new DecimalFormat("#").parse(null);
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = ParseException.class)
+    public void givenInvalidString_WhenDecimalFormat_ThenParseExceptionIsThrown() throws ParseException {
+        new DecimalFormat("#").parse("&");
+    }
+}

java-strings-ops/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=========
+
+## Java Strings Cookbooks and Examples
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+- [Convert char to String in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-char-to-string)
+- [Convert String to int or Integer in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-string-to-int-or-integer)
+- [Java String Conversions](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-conversions)
+- [Check if a String is a Palindrome](http://www.baeldung.com/java-palindrome)
+- [Comparing Strings in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-compare-strings)
+- [Check If a String Is Numeric in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-check-string-number)
+- [Get Substring from String in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-substring)
+- [How to Remove the Last Character of a String?](http://www.baeldung.com/java-remove-last-character-of-string)
+- [Add a Character to a String at a Given Position](https://www.baeldung.com/java-add-character-to-string)
+- [Count Occurrences of a Char in a String](http://www.baeldung.com/java-count-chars)
+- [Guide to Java String Pool](http://www.baeldung.com/java-string-pool)
+- [Split a String in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-split-string)
+- [Common String Operations in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-operations)
+- [Convert String to Byte Array and Reverse in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-to-byte-array)
+- [Java toString() Method](https://www.baeldung.com/java-tostring)
+- [CharSequence vs. String in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-char-sequence-string)
+- [StringBuilder and StringBuffer in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-string-builder-string-buffer)

java-strings-ops/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>java-strings-ops</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>java-strings-ops</name>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-java</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../parent-java</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <!-- test scoped -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${jmh-core.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+            <version>${jmh-generator.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+            <version>${guava.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit-jupiter-api.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
+            <version>${org.hamcrest.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <finalName>java-strings-ops</finalName>
+        <resources>
+            <resource>
+                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+                <filtering>true</filtering>
+            </resource>
+        </resources>
+
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>${java.version}</source>
+                    <target>${java.version}</target>
+                    <compilerArgument>-parameters</compilerArgument>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <properties>
+        <!-- util -->
+        <commons-lang3.version>3.8.1</commons-lang3.version>
+        <!-- testing -->
+        <assertj.version>3.6.1</assertj.version>
+        <guava.version>27.0.1-jre</guava.version>
+		<junit-jupiter-api.version>5.3.1</junit-jupiter-api.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>