BAEL-1713: Pessimistic Locking in JPA

Tests for the article.

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/HibernateUtil.java

@@ -1,30 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.hibernate;
 
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Employee;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.Individual;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.EntityDescription;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.PessimisticLockingCourse;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.OrderEntry;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.PessimisticLockingEmployee;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.OrderEntryIdClass;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.PessimisticLockingStudent;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.OrderEntryPK;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.*;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.PointEntity;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Person;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.PolygonEntity;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.*;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Product;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Phone;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.TemporalValues;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Course;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Student;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.User;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.UserProfile;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Animal;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Bag;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Book;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Car;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.MyEmployee;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.MyProduct;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Pen;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Person;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Pet;
-import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.inheritance.Vehicle;
-
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
@@ -82,6 +64,12 @@ public class HibernateUtil {
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PointEntity.class);
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PolygonEntity.class);
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Person.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(Individual.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PessimisticLockingEmployee.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PessimisticLockingStudent.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PessimisticLockingCourse.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.Customer.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking.Address.class);
 
         Metadata metadata = metadataSources.buildMetadata();
         return metadata.getSessionFactoryBuilder()

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/Address.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Address {
+
+    private String country;
+    private String city;
+
+    public Address(String country, String city) {
+        this.country = country;
+        this.city = city;
+    }
+
+    public Address() {
+    }
+
+    public String getCountry() {
+        return country;
+    }
+
+    public void setCountry(String country) {
+        this.country = country;
+    }
+
+    public String getCity() {
+        return city;
+    }
+
+    public void setCity(String city) {
+        this.city = city;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/Customer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Entity
+public class Customer {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long customerId;
+    private String name;
+    private String lastName;
+    @ElementCollection
+    @CollectionTable(name = "customer_address")
+    private List<Address> addressList;
+
+    public Customer() {
+    }
+
+    public Customer(Long customerId, String name, String lastName, List<Address> addressList) {
+        this.customerId = customerId;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+        this.addressList = addressList;
+    }
+
+    public Long getCustomerId() {
+        return customerId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomerId(Long customerId) {
+        this.customerId = customerId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public List<Address> getAddressList() {
+        return addressList;
+    }
+
+    public void setAddressList(List<Address> addressList) {
+        this.addressList = addressList;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/Individual.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.Inheritance;
+import javax.persistence.InheritanceType;
+
+@Entity
+@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
+public class Individual {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    private String lastName;
+
+    public Individual(Long id, String name, String lastName) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public Individual() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockingCourse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+
+@Entity
+public class PessimisticLockingCourse {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long courseId;
+    private String name;
+    @ManyToOne
+    @JoinTable(name = "student_course")
+    private PessimisticLockingStudent student;
+
+    public PessimisticLockingCourse(Long courseId, String name, PessimisticLockingStudent student) {
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.student = student;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingCourse() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getCourseId() {
+        return courseId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCourseId(Long courseId) {
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingStudent getStudent() {
+        return student;
+    }
+
+    public void setStudent(PessimisticLockingStudent students) {
+        this.student = students;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockingEmployee.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+@Entity
+public class PessimisticLockingEmployee extends Individual {
+
+    private BigDecimal salary;
+
+    public PessimisticLockingEmployee(Long id, String name, String lastName, BigDecimal salary) {
+        super(id, name, lastName);
+        this.salary = salary;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingEmployee() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getSalary() {
+        return salary;
+    }
+
+    public void setSalary(BigDecimal average) {
+        this.salary = average;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockingStudent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Entity
+public class PessimisticLockingStudent {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "student")
+    private List<PessimisticLockingCourse> courses;
+
+    public PessimisticLockingStudent(Long id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public PessimisticLockingStudent() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public List<PessimisticLockingCourse> getCourses() {
+        return courses;
+    }
+
+    public void setCourses(List<PessimisticLockingCourse> courses) {
+        this.courses = courses;
+    }
+}

hibernate5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/BasicPessimisticLockingIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
+import com.vividsolutions.jts.util.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class BasicPessimisticLockingIntegrationTest {
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUp() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingStudent student = new PessimisticLockingStudent(1L, "JOHN");
+        PessimisticLockingCourse course = new PessimisticLockingCourse(1L, "MATH", student);
+        student.setCourses(Arrays.asList(course));
+        entityManager.persist(course);
+        entityManager.persist(student);
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        entityManager.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenFoundRecordWithPessimisticRead_whenFindingNewOne_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticReadQuery_whenQueryingNewOne_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            Query query = entityManager.createQuery("from Student where studentId = :studentId");
+            query.setParameter("studentId", 1L);
+            query.setLockMode(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+            query.getResultList();
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            Query query2 = entityManager2.createQuery("from Student where studentId = :studentId");
+            query2.setParameter("studentId", 1L);
+            query2.setLockMode(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+            query2.getResultList();
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticReadLock_whenFindingNewOne_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.lock(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT);
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordAndRefreshWithPessimisticRead_whenFindingWithPessimisticWrite_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.refresh(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticRead_whenUpdatingRecord_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.refresh(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent2 = entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            resultStudent2.setName("Change");
+            entityManager2.persist(resultStudent2);
+            entityManager2.getTransaction()
+                .commit();
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenRecordWithPessimisticWrite_whenUpdatingRecord_PessimisticLockExceptionThrown() {
+        try {
+            EntityManager entityManager = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent = entityManager.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            entityManager.refresh(resultStudent, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+
+            EntityManager entityManager2 = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+            PessimisticLockingStudent resultStudent2 = entityManager2.find(PessimisticLockingStudent.class, 1L);
+            resultStudent2.setName("Change");
+            entityManager2.persist(resultStudent2);
+            entityManager2.getTransaction()
+                .commit();
+
+            entityManager.close();
+            entityManager2.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Assert.isTrue(e instanceof PessimisticLockException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static EntityManager getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction() throws IOException {
+        String propertyFileName = "hibernate-pessimistic-locking.properties";
+        EntityManager entityManager = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory(propertyFileName)
+            .openSession();
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .begin();
+
+        return entityManager;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockScopesIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.LockModeType;
+import javax.persistence.PessimisticLockScope;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class PessimisticLockScopesIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithJoinInheritance_whenNormalLock_thenShouldChildAndParentEntity() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingEmployee employee = new PessimisticLockingEmployee(1L, "A", "B", new BigDecimal(4.5));
+        em.persist(employee);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingEmployee foundEmployee = em.find(PessimisticLockingEmployee.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundEmployee = em.find(PessimisticLockingEmployee.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithElementCollection_whenNormalLock_thenShouldLockOnlyOwningEntity() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Address address = new Address("Poland", "Warsaw");
+        Customer customer = new Customer(1L, "A", "B", Arrays.asList(address));
+        em.persist(customer);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Customer foundCustomer = em.find(Customer.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundCustomer = em.find(Customer.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithOneToMany_whenNormalLock_thenShouldLockOnlyOwningEntity() throws IOException {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingStudent student = new PessimisticLockingStudent(1L, "JOE");
+        PessimisticLockingCourse course = new PessimisticLockingCourse(1L, "COURSE", student);
+        student.setCourses(Arrays.asList(course));
+        em.persist(course);
+        em.persist(student);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        PessimisticLockingCourse foundCourse = em.find(PessimisticLockingCourse.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundCourse = em.find(PessimisticLockingCourse.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+    }
+
+    protected EntityManager getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction() throws IOException {
+        String propertyFileName = "hibernate-pessimistic-locking.properties";
+        EntityManager entityManager = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory(propertyFileName)
+            .openSession();
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .begin();
+
+        return entityManager;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/test/resources/hibernate-pessimistic-locking.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+hibernate.connection.driver_class=org.h2.Driver
+hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:h2:mem:mydb1;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;LOCK_TIMEOUT=100;MVCC=FALSE
+hibernate.connection.username=sa
+hibernate.connection.autocommit=true
+hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
+
+hibernate.show_sql=true
+hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/Address.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Address {
+
+    private String country;
+    private String city;
+
+    public Address(String country, String city) {
+        this.country = country;
+        this.city = city;
+    }
+
+    public Address() {
+    }
+
+    public String getCountry() {
+        return country;
+    }
+
+    public void setCountry(String country) {
+        this.country = country;
+    }
+
+    public String getCity() {
+        return city;
+    }
+
+    public void setCity(String city) {
+        this.city = city;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/Course.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
+import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
+
+@Entity
+public class Course {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long courseId;
+    private String name;
+    @ManyToOne
+    @JoinTable(name = "student_course")
+    private Student student;
+
+    public Course(Long courseId, String name, Student student) {
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.student = student;
+    }
+
+    public Course() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getCourseId() {
+        return courseId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCourseId(Long courseId) {
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public Student getStudent() {
+        return student;
+    }
+
+    public void setStudent(Student students) {
+        this.student = students;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/Customer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.CollectionTable;
+import javax.persistence.ElementCollection;
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Entity
+public class Customer {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long customerId;
+    private String name;
+    private String lastName;
+    @ElementCollection
+    @CollectionTable(name = "customer_address")
+    private List<Address> addressList;
+
+    public Customer() {
+    }
+
+    public Customer(Long customerId, String name, String lastName, List<Address> addressList) {
+        this.customerId = customerId;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+        this.addressList = addressList;
+    }
+
+    public Long getCustomerId() {
+        return customerId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomerId(Long customerId) {
+        this.customerId = customerId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public List<Address> getAddressList() {
+        return addressList;
+    }
+
+    public void setAddressList(List<Address> addressList) {
+        this.addressList = addressList;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/Employee.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+@Entity
+public class Employee extends Individual {
+
+    private BigDecimal salary;
+
+    public Employee(Long id, String name, String lastName, BigDecimal salary) {
+        super(id, name, lastName);
+        this.salary = salary;
+    }
+
+    public Employee() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getSalary() {
+        return salary;
+    }
+
+    public void setSalary(BigDecimal average) {
+        this.salary = average;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/Individual.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.Inheritance;
+import javax.persistence.InheritanceType;
+
+@Entity
+@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
+public class Individual {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    private String lastName;
+
+    public Individual(Long id, String name, String lastName) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public Individual() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/Student.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Entity
+public class Student {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+    private String name;
+    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "student")
+    private List<Course> courses;
+
+    public Student(Long id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public Student() {
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public List<Course> getCourses() {
+        return courses;
+    }
+
+    public void setCourses(List<Course> courses) {
+        this.courses = courses;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test
+spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test;MVCC=FALSE;LOCK_TIMEOUT=100;
 spring.jpa.show-sql=true

persistence-modules/spring-data-eclipselink/src/test/java/com/baeldung/eclipselink/springdata/pessimisticlocking/PessimisticLockScopesIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package com.baeldung.eclipselink.springdata.pessimisticlocking;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+@SpringBootTest
+public class PessimisticLockScopesIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithJoinInheritance_whenNormalLock_thenShouldChildAndParentEntity() {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Employee employee = new Employee(1L, "A", "B", new BigDecimal(4.5));
+        em.persist(employee);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Employee foundEmployee = em.find(Employee.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundEmployee = em.find(Employee.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithElementCollection_whenNormalLock_thenShouldLockOnlyOwningEntity() {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Address address = new Address("Poland", "Warsaw");
+        Customer customer = new Customer(1L, "A", "B", Arrays.asList(address));
+        em.persist(customer);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Customer foundCustomer = em.find(Customer.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundCustomer = em.find(Customer.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEclipseEntityWithOneToMany_whenNormalLock_thenShouldLockOnlyOwningEntity() {
+        EntityManager em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Student student = new Student(1L, "JOE");
+        Course course = new Course(1L, "COURSE", student);
+        student.setCourses(Arrays.asList(course));
+        em.persist(course);
+        em.persist(student);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .commit();
+        em.close();
+
+        // NORMAL SCOPE
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        Course foundCourse = em.find(Course.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
+        em.getTransaction()
+            .rollback();
+
+        // EXTENDED SCOPE
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("javax.persistence.lock.scope", PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED);
+
+        em = getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction();
+        foundCourse = em.find(Course.class, 1L, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, map);
+    }
+
+    protected EntityManager getEntityManagerWithOpenTransaction() {
+        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
+        entityManager.getTransaction()
+            .begin();
+        return entityManager;
+    }
+}