Merge remote-tracking branch 'eugenp/master'

.gitignore

@@ -43,3 +43,4 @@ spring-call-getters-using-reflection/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
 spring-check-if-a-property-is-null/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
 *.springBeans
 
+20171220-JMeter.csv

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maze/solver/BFSMazeSolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.maze.solver;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class BFSMazeSolver {
+    private static final int[][] DIRECTIONS = { { 0, 1 }, { 1, 0 }, { 0, -1 }, { -1, 0 } };
+
+    public List<Coordinate> solve(Maze maze) {
+        LinkedList<Coordinate> nextToVisit = new LinkedList<>();
+        Coordinate start = maze.getEntry();
+        nextToVisit.add(start);
+
+        while (!nextToVisit.isEmpty()) {
+            Coordinate cur = nextToVisit.remove();
+
+            if (!maze.isValidLocation(cur.getX(), cur.getY()) || maze.isExplored(cur.getX(), cur.getY())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (maze.isWall(cur.getX(), cur.getY())) {
+                maze.setVisited(cur.getX(), cur.getY(), true);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (maze.isExit(cur.getX(), cur.getY())) {
+                return backtrackPath(cur);
+            }
+
+            for (int[] direction : DIRECTIONS) {
+                Coordinate coordinate = new Coordinate(cur.getX() + direction[0], cur.getY() + direction[1], cur);
+                nextToVisit.add(coordinate);
+                maze.setVisited(cur.getX(), cur.getY(), true);
+            }
+        }
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    private List<Coordinate> backtrackPath(Coordinate cur) {
+        List<Coordinate> path = new ArrayList<>();
+        Coordinate iter = cur;
+
+        while (iter != null) {
+            path.add(iter);
+            iter = iter.parent;
+        }
+
+        return path;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maze/solver/Coordinate.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.maze.solver;
+
+public class Coordinate {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    Coordinate parent;
+
+    public Coordinate(int x, int y) {
+        this.x = x;
+        this.y = y;
+        this.parent = null;
+    }
+
+    public Coordinate(int x, int y, Coordinate parent) {
+        this.x = x;
+        this.y = y;
+        this.parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    int getX() {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    int getY() {
+        return y;
+    }
+
+    Coordinate getParent() {
+        return parent;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maze/solver/DFSMazeSolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.maze.solver;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DFSMazeSolver {
+    private static final int[][] DIRECTIONS = { { 0, 1 }, { 1, 0 }, { 0, -1 }, { -1, 0 } };
+
+    public List<Coordinate> solve(Maze maze) {
+        List<Coordinate> path = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (explore(maze, maze.getEntry()
+            .getX(),
+            maze.getEntry()
+                .getY(),
+            path)) {
+            return path;
+        }
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    private boolean explore(Maze maze, int row, int col, List<Coordinate> path) {
+        if (!maze.isValidLocation(row, col) || maze.isWall(row, col) || maze.isExplored(row, col)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        path.add(new Coordinate(row, col));
+        maze.setVisited(row, col, true);
+
+        if (maze.isExit(row, col)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (int[] direction : DIRECTIONS) {
+            Coordinate coordinate = getNextCoordinate(row, col, direction[0], direction[1]);
+            if (explore(maze, coordinate.getX(), coordinate.getY(), path)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        path.remove(path.size() - 1);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private Coordinate getNextCoordinate(int row, int col, int i, int j) {
+        return new Coordinate(row + i, col + j);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maze/solver/Maze.java

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.maze.solver;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+public class Maze {
+    private static final int ROAD = 0;
+    private static final int WALL = 1;
+    private static final int START = 2;
+    private static final int EXIT = 3;
+    private static final int PATH = 4;
+
+    private int[][] maze;
+    private boolean[][] visited;
+    private Coordinate start;
+    private Coordinate end;
+
+    public Maze(File maze) throws FileNotFoundException {
+        String fileText = "";
+        try (Scanner input = new Scanner(maze)) {
+            while (input.hasNextLine()) {
+                fileText += input.nextLine() + "\n";
+            }
+        }
+        initializeMaze(fileText);
+    }
+
+    private void initializeMaze(String text) {
+        if (text == null || (text = text.trim()).length() == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("empty lines data");
+        }
+
+        String[] lines = text.split("[\r]?\n");
+        maze = new int[lines.length][lines[0].length()];
+        visited = new boolean[lines.length][lines[0].length()];
+
+        for (int row = 0; row < getHeight(); row++) {
+            if (lines[row].length() != getWidth()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("line " + (row + 1) + " wrong length (was " + lines[row].length() + " but should be " + getWidth() + ")");
+            }
+
+            for (int col = 0; col < getWidth(); col++) {
+                if (lines[row].charAt(col) == '#')
+                    maze[row][col] = WALL;
+                else if (lines[row].charAt(col) == 'S') {
+                    maze[row][col] = START;
+                    start = new Coordinate(row, col);
+                } else if (lines[row].charAt(col) == 'E') {
+                    maze[row][col] = EXIT;
+                    end = new Coordinate(row, col);
+                } else
+                    maze[row][col] = ROAD;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getHeight() {
+        return maze.length;
+    }
+
+    public int getWidth() {
+        return maze[0].length;
+    }
+
+    public Coordinate getEntry() {
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    public Coordinate getExit() {
+        return end;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isExit(int x, int y) {
+        return x == end.getX() && y == end.getY();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isStart(int x, int y) {
+        return x == start.getX() && y == start.getY();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isExplored(int row, int col) {
+        return visited[row][col];
+    }
+
+    public boolean isWall(int row, int col) {
+        return maze[row][col] == WALL;
+    }
+
+    public void setVisited(int row, int col, boolean value) {
+        visited[row][col] = value;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isValidLocation(int row, int col) {
+        if (row < 0 || row >= getHeight() || col < 0 || col >= getWidth()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void printPath(List<Coordinate> path) {
+        int[][] tempMaze = Arrays.stream(maze)
+            .map(int[]::clone)
+            .toArray(int[][]::new);
+        for (Coordinate coordinate : path) {
+            if (isStart(coordinate.getX(), coordinate.getY()) || isExit(coordinate.getX(), coordinate.getY())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            tempMaze[coordinate.getX()][coordinate.getY()] = PATH;
+        }
+        System.out.println(toString(tempMaze));
+    }
+
+    public String toString(int[][] maze) {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(getWidth() * (getHeight() + 1));
+        for (int row = 0; row < getHeight(); row++) {
+            for (int col = 0; col < getWidth(); col++) {
+                if (maze[row][col] == ROAD) {
+                    result.append(' ');
+                } else if (maze[row][col] == WALL) {
+                    result.append('#');
+                } else if (maze[row][col] == START) {
+                    result.append('S');
+                } else if (maze[row][col] == EXIT) {
+                    result.append('E');
+                } else {
+                    result.append('.');
+                }
+            }
+            result.append('\n');
+        }
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    public void reset() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < visited.length; i++)
+            Arrays.fill(visited[i], false);
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maze/solver/MazeDriver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.maze.solver;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class MazeDriver {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        File maze1 = new File("src/main/resources/maze/maze1.txt");
+        File maze2 = new File("src/main/resources/maze/maze2.txt");
+
+        execute(maze1);
+        execute(maze2);
+    }
+
+    private static void execute(File file) throws Exception {
+        Maze maze = new Maze(file);
+        dfs(maze);
+        bfs(maze);
+    }
+
+    private static void bfs(Maze maze) {
+        BFSMazeSolver bfs = new BFSMazeSolver();
+        List<Coordinate> path = bfs.solve(maze);
+        maze.printPath(path);
+        maze.reset();
+    }
+
+    private static void dfs(Maze maze) {
+        DFSMazeSolver dfs = new DFSMazeSolver();
+        List<Coordinate> path = dfs.solve(maze);
+        maze.printPath(path);
+        maze.reset();
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sudoku/BacktrackingAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sudoku;
+
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+public class BacktrackingAlgorithm {
+
+    private static final int BOARD_SIZE = 9;
+    private static final int SUBSECTION_SIZE = 3;
+    private static final int BOARD_START_INDEX = 0;
+
+    private static final int NO_VALUE = 0;
+    private static final int MIN_VALUE = 1;
+    private static final int MAX_VALUE = 9;
+
+    private static int[][] board = {
+      {8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+      {0, 0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+      {0, 7, 0, 0, 9, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+      {0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0},
+      {0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5, 7, 0, 0},
+      {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0},
+      {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 8},
+      {0, 0, 8, 5, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+      {0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0}
+    };
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        BacktrackingAlgorithm solver = new BacktrackingAlgorithm();
+        solver.solve(board);
+        solver.printBoard();
+    }
+
+    private void printBoard() {
+        for (int row = BOARD_START_INDEX; row < BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
+            for (int column = BOARD_START_INDEX; column < BOARD_SIZE; column++) {
+                System.out.print(board[row][column] + " ");
+            }
+            System.out.println();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean solve(int[][] board) {
+        for (int row = BOARD_START_INDEX; row < BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
+            for (int column = BOARD_START_INDEX; column < BOARD_SIZE; column++) {
+                if (board[row][column] == NO_VALUE) {
+                    for (int k = MIN_VALUE; k <= MAX_VALUE; k++) {
+                        board[row][column] = k;
+                        if (isValid(board, row, column) && solve(board)) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        board[row][column] = NO_VALUE;
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isValid(int[][] board, int row, int column) {
+        return rowConstraint(board, row) &&
+          columnConstraint(board, column) &&
+          subsectionConstraint(board, row, column);
+    }
+
+    private boolean subsectionConstraint(int[][] board, int row, int column) {
+        boolean[] constraint = new boolean[BOARD_SIZE];
+        int subsectionRowStart = (row / SUBSECTION_SIZE) * SUBSECTION_SIZE;
+        int subsectionRowEnd = subsectionRowStart + SUBSECTION_SIZE;
+
+        int subsectionColumnStart = (column / SUBSECTION_SIZE) * SUBSECTION_SIZE;
+        int subsectionColumnEnd = subsectionColumnStart + SUBSECTION_SIZE;
+
+        for (int r = subsectionRowStart; r < subsectionRowEnd; r++) {
+            for (int c = subsectionColumnStart; c < subsectionColumnEnd; c++) {
+                if (!checkConstraint(board, r, constraint, c)) return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean columnConstraint(int[][] board, int column) {
+        boolean[] constraint = new boolean[BOARD_SIZE];
+        return IntStream.range(BOARD_START_INDEX, BOARD_SIZE)
+          .allMatch(row -> checkConstraint(board, row, constraint, column));
+    }
+
+    private boolean rowConstraint(int[][] board, int row) {
+        boolean[] constraint = new boolean[BOARD_SIZE];
+        return IntStream.range(BOARD_START_INDEX, BOARD_SIZE)
+          .allMatch(column -> checkConstraint(board, row, constraint, column));
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkConstraint(int[][] board, int row, boolean[] constraint, int column) {
+        if (board[row][column] != NO_VALUE) {
+            if (!constraint[board[row][column] - 1]) {
+                constraint[board[row][column] - 1] = true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sudoku/ColumnNode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sudoku;
+
+class ColumnNode extends DancingNode {
+    int size;
+    String name;
+
+    ColumnNode(String n) {
+        super();
+        size = 0;
+        name = n;
+        C = this;
+    }
+
+    void cover() {
+        unlinkLR();
+        for (DancingNode i = this.D; i != this; i = i.D) {
+            for (DancingNode j = i.R; j != i; j = j.R) {
+                j.unlinkUD();
+                j.C.size--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void uncover() {
+        for (DancingNode i = this.U; i != this; i = i.U) {
+            for (DancingNode j = i.L; j != i; j = j.L) {
+                j.C.size++;
+                j.relinkUD();
+            }
+        }
+        relinkLR();
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sudoku/DancingLinks.java

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sudoku;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DancingLinks {
+
+    private ColumnNode header;
+    private List<DancingNode> answer;
+
+    private void search(int k) {
+        if (header.R == header) {
+            handleSolution(answer);
+        } else {
+            ColumnNode c = selectColumnNodeHeuristic();
+            c.cover();
+
+            for (DancingNode r = c.D; r != c; r = r.D) {
+                answer.add(r);
+
+                for (DancingNode j = r.R; j != r; j = j.R) {
+                    j.C.cover();
+                }
+
+                search(k + 1);
+
+                r = answer.remove(answer.size() - 1);
+                c = r.C;
+
+                for (DancingNode j = r.L; j != r; j = j.L) {
+                    j.C.uncover();
+                }
+            }
+            c.uncover();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ColumnNode selectColumnNodeHeuristic() {
+        int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        ColumnNode ret = null;
+        for (ColumnNode c = (ColumnNode) header.R; c != header; c = (ColumnNode) c.R) {
+            if (c.size < min) {
+                min = c.size;
+                ret = c;
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    private ColumnNode makeDLXBoard(boolean[][] grid) {
+        final int COLS = grid[0].length;
+
+        ColumnNode headerNode = new ColumnNode("header");
+        List<ColumnNode> columnNodes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < COLS; i++) {
+            ColumnNode n = new ColumnNode(Integer.toString(i));
+            columnNodes.add(n);
+            headerNode = (ColumnNode) headerNode.hookRight(n);
+        }
+        headerNode = headerNode.R.C;
+
+        for (boolean[] aGrid : grid) {
+            DancingNode prev = null;
+            for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
+                if (aGrid[j]) {
+                    ColumnNode col = columnNodes.get(j);
+                    DancingNode newNode = new DancingNode(col);
+                    if (prev == null)
+                        prev = newNode;
+                    col.U.hookDown(newNode);
+                    prev = prev.hookRight(newNode);
+                    col.size++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        headerNode.size = COLS;
+
+        return headerNode;
+    }
+
+    DancingLinks(boolean[][] cover) {
+        header = makeDLXBoard(cover);
+    }
+
+    public void runSolver() {
+        answer = new LinkedList<>();
+        search(0);
+    }
+
+    private void handleSolution(List<DancingNode> answer) {
+        int[][] result = parseBoard(answer);
+        printSolution(result);
+    }
+
+    private int size = 9;
+
+    private int[][] parseBoard(List<DancingNode> answer) {
+        int[][] result = new int[size][size];
+        for (DancingNode n : answer) {
+            DancingNode rcNode = n;
+            int min = Integer.parseInt(rcNode.C.name);
+            for (DancingNode tmp = n.R; tmp != n; tmp = tmp.R) {
+                int val = Integer.parseInt(tmp.C.name);
+                if (val < min) {
+                    min = val;
+                    rcNode = tmp;
+                }
+            }
+            int ans1 = Integer.parseInt(rcNode.C.name);
+            int ans2 = Integer.parseInt(rcNode.R.C.name);
+            int r = ans1 / size;
+            int c = ans1 % size;
+            int num = (ans2 % size) + 1;
+            result[r][c] = num;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static void printSolution(int[][] result) {
+        int size = result.length;
+        for (int[] aResult : result) {
+            StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
+            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                ret.append(aResult[j]).append(" ");
+            }
+            System.out.println(ret);
+        }
+        System.out.println();
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sudoku/DancingLinksAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sudoku;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class DancingLinksAlgorithm {
+    private static final int BOARD_SIZE = 9;
+    private static final int SUBSECTION_SIZE = 3;
+    private static final int NO_VALUE = 0;
+    private static final int CONSTRAINTS = 4;
+    private static final int MIN_VALUE = 1;
+    private static final int MAX_VALUE = 9;
+    private static final int COVER_START_INDEX = 1;
+
+    private static int[][] board = {
+      {8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+      {0, 0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+      {0, 7, 0, 0, 9, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+      {0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0},
+      {0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5, 7, 0, 0},
+      {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0},
+      {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 8},
+      {0, 0, 8, 5, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+      {0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0}
+    };
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        DancingLinksAlgorithm solver = new DancingLinksAlgorithm();
+        solver.solve(board);
+    }
+
+    private void solve(int[][] board) {
+        boolean[][] cover = initializeExactCoverBoard(board);
+        DancingLinks dlx = new DancingLinks(cover);
+        dlx.runSolver();
+    }
+
+    private int getIndex(int row, int column, int num) {
+        return (row - 1) * BOARD_SIZE * BOARD_SIZE + (column - 1) * BOARD_SIZE + (num - 1);
+    }
+
+    private boolean[][] createExactCoverBoard() {
+        boolean[][] coverBoard = new boolean[BOARD_SIZE * BOARD_SIZE * MAX_VALUE][BOARD_SIZE * BOARD_SIZE * CONSTRAINTS];
+
+        int hBase = 0;
+        hBase = checkCellConstraint(coverBoard, hBase);
+        hBase = checkRowConstraint(coverBoard, hBase);
+        hBase = checkColumnConstraint(coverBoard, hBase);
+        checkSubsectionConstraint(coverBoard, hBase);
+        
+        return coverBoard;
+    }
+
+    private int checkSubsectionConstraint(boolean[][] coverBoard, int hBase) {
+        for (int row = COVER_START_INDEX; row <= BOARD_SIZE; row += SUBSECTION_SIZE) {
+            for (int column = COVER_START_INDEX; column <= BOARD_SIZE; column += SUBSECTION_SIZE) {
+                for (int n = COVER_START_INDEX; n <= BOARD_SIZE; n++, hBase++) {
+                    for (int rowDelta = 0; rowDelta < SUBSECTION_SIZE; rowDelta++) {
+                        for (int columnDelta = 0; columnDelta < SUBSECTION_SIZE; columnDelta++) {
+                            int index = getIndex(row + rowDelta, column + columnDelta, n);
+                            coverBoard[index][hBase] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return hBase;
+    }
+
+    private int checkColumnConstraint(boolean[][] coverBoard, int hBase) {
+        for (int column = COVER_START_INDEX; column <= BOARD_SIZE; column++) {
+            for (int n = COVER_START_INDEX; n <= BOARD_SIZE; n++, hBase++) {
+                for (int row = COVER_START_INDEX; row <= BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
+                    int index = getIndex(row, column, n);
+                    coverBoard[index][hBase] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return hBase;
+    }
+
+    private int checkRowConstraint(boolean[][] coverBoard, int hBase) {
+        for (int row = COVER_START_INDEX; row <= BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
+            for (int n = COVER_START_INDEX; n <= BOARD_SIZE; n++, hBase++) {
+                for (int column = COVER_START_INDEX; column <= BOARD_SIZE; column++) {
+                    int index = getIndex(row, column, n);
+                    coverBoard[index][hBase] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return hBase;
+    }
+
+    private int checkCellConstraint(boolean[][] coverBoard, int hBase) {
+        for (int row = COVER_START_INDEX; row <= BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
+            for (int column = COVER_START_INDEX; column <= BOARD_SIZE; column++, hBase++) {
+                for (int n = COVER_START_INDEX; n <= BOARD_SIZE; n++) {
+                    int index = getIndex(row, column, n);
+                    coverBoard[index][hBase] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return hBase;
+    }
+
+    private boolean[][] initializeExactCoverBoard(int[][] board) {
+        boolean[][] coverBoard = createExactCoverBoard();
+        for (int row = COVER_START_INDEX; row <= BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
+            for (int column = COVER_START_INDEX; column <= BOARD_SIZE; column++) {
+                int n = board[row - 1][column - 1];
+                if (n != NO_VALUE) {
+                    for (int num = MIN_VALUE; num <= MAX_VALUE; num++) {
+                        if (num != n) {
+                            Arrays.fill(coverBoard[getIndex(row, column, num)], false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return coverBoard;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/sudoku/DancingNode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.sudoku;
+
+class DancingNode {
+    DancingNode L, R, U, D;
+    ColumnNode C;
+
+    DancingNode hookDown(DancingNode node) {
+        assert (this.C == node.C);
+        node.D = this.D;
+        node.D.U = node;
+        node.U = this;
+        this.D = node;
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    DancingNode hookRight(DancingNode node) {
+        node.R = this.R;
+        node.R.L = node;
+        node.L = this;
+        this.R = node;
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    void unlinkLR() {
+        this.L.R = this.R;
+        this.R.L = this.L;
+    }
+
+    void relinkLR() {
+        this.L.R = this.R.L = this;
+    }
+
+    void unlinkUD() {
+        this.U.D = this.D;
+        this.D.U = this.U;
+    }
+
+    void relinkUD() {
+        this.U.D = this.D.U = this;
+    }
+
+    DancingNode() {
+        L = R = U = D = this;
+    }
+
+    DancingNode(ColumnNode c) {
+        this();
+        C = c;
+    }
+}

algorithms/src/main/resources/maze/maze1.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+S ########
+#        #
+# ### ## #
+# #    # #
+# #  # # #
+# ## #####
+# #      #
+# # #  # #
+##### ####
+#   #    E
+# #    # #
+##########

algorithms/src/main/resources/maze/maze2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+S ##########################
+# #      #                 #
+# # ####   ############### #
+# # #    # #               #
+# # #### # # ###############
+# # #    # # #             #
+# # # #### ### ########### #
+# # # #        #           #
+#       ################## #
+#########    # # #       # #
+# #       #### # ####### # #
+# # ### ###  # # #       # #
+#   #       ##   # ##### # #
+##### #######  # #     # # #
+#     #       ## ## #### # #
+# ##### #######     #      #
+#       #       ############
+####### #########        # #
+#       #         ######## #
+# ####### ###### ##   #    E
+#         #         #   ## #
+############################

core-java-8/src/test/java/com/baeldung/shufflingcollections/ShufflingCollectionsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.baeldung.shufflingcollections;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class ShufflingCollectionsUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenShufflingList_thenListIsShuffled() {
+        List<String> students = Arrays.asList("Foo", "Bar", "Baz", "Qux");
+
+        System.out.println("List before shuffling:");
+        System.out.println(students);
+
+        Collections.shuffle(students);
+        System.out.println("List after shuffling:");
+        System.out.println(students);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenShufflingMapKeys_thenValuesAreShuffled() {
+        Map<Integer, String> studentsById = new HashMap<>();
+        studentsById.put(1, "Foo");
+        studentsById.put(2, "Bar");
+        studentsById.put(3, "Baz");
+        studentsById.put(4, "Qux");
+
+        System.out.println("Students before shuffling:");
+        System.out.println(studentsById.values());
+
+        List<Integer> shuffledStudentIds = new ArrayList<>(studentsById.keySet());
+        Collections.shuffle(shuffledStudentIds);
+
+        List<String> shuffledStudents = shuffledStudentIds.stream()
+          .map(id -> studentsById.get(id))
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        System.out.println("Students after shuffling");
+        System.out.println(shuffledStudents);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenShufflingSet_thenElementsAreShuffled() {
+        Set<String> students = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("Foo", "Bar", "Baz", "Qux"));
+
+        System.out.println("Set before shuffling:");
+        System.out.println(students);
+
+        List<String> studentList = new ArrayList<>(students);
+
+        Collections.shuffle(studentList);
+        System.out.println("Shuffled set elements:");
+        System.out.println(studentList);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenShufflingWithSameRandomness_thenElementsAreShuffledDeterministically() {
+        List<String> students_1 = Arrays.asList("Foo", "Bar", "Baz", "Qux");
+        List<String> students_2 = Arrays.asList("Foo", "Bar", "Baz", "Qux");
+
+        Collections.shuffle(students_1, new Random(5));
+        Collections.shuffle(students_2, new Random(5));
+
+        assertThat(students_1).isEqualTo(students_2);
+    }
+}

core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/httpclient/HttpClientTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.httpclient;
+
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient;
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpRequest;
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsEmptyCollection.empty;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNot.not;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Created by adam.
+ */
+public class HttpClientTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnSampleDataContentWhenConnectViaSystemProxy() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .headers("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromString("Sample body"))
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .proxy(ProxySelector.getDefault())
+            .build()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.body(), containsString("Sample body"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotFollowRedirectWhenSetToDefaultNever() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("http://stackoverflow.com"))
+            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1)
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .build()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_PERM));
+        assertThat(response.body(), containsString("https://stackoverflow.com/"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldFollowRedirectWhenSetToAlways() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("http://stackoverflow.com"))
+            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1)
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.ALWAYS)
+            .build()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.finalRequest()
+            .uri()
+            .toString(), equalTo("https://stackoverflow.com/"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnOKStatusForAuthenticatedAccess() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/basic-auth"))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .authenticator(new Authenticator() {
+                @Override
+                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
+                    return new PasswordAuthentication("postman", "password".toCharArray());
+                }
+            })
+            .build()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldSendRequestAsync() throws URISyntaxException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .headers("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromString("Sample body"))
+            .build();
+        CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>> response = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .build()
+            .sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.get()
+            .statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldUseJustTwoThreadWhenProcessingSendAsyncRequest() throws URISyntaxException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+
+        CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>> response1 = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .executor(executorService)
+            .build()
+            .sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>> response2 = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .executor(executorService)
+            .build()
+            .sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>> response3 = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .executor(executorService)
+            .build()
+            .sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        CompletableFuture.allOf(response1, response2, response3)
+            .join();
+
+        assertThat(response1.get()
+            .statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response2.get()
+            .statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response3.get()
+            .statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotStoreCookieWhenPolicyAcceptNone() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .cookieManager(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_NONE))
+            .build();
+
+        httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(httpClient.cookieManager()
+            .get()
+            .getCookieStore()
+            .getCookies(), empty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldStoreCookieWhenPolicyAcceptAll() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .cookieManager(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL))
+            .build();
+
+        httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(httpClient.cookieManager()
+            .get()
+            .getCookieStore()
+            .getCookies(), not(empty()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldProcessMultipleRequestViaStream() throws URISyntaxException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        List<URI> targets = Arrays.asList(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar1"), new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get?foo2=bar2"));
+
+        HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
+
+        List<CompletableFuture<String>> futures = targets.stream()
+            .map(target -> client.sendAsync(HttpRequest.newBuilder(target)
+                .GET()
+                .build(), HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString())
+                .thenApply(response -> response.body()))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0]))
+            .join();
+
+        if (futures.get(0)
+            .get()
+            .contains("foo1")) {
+            assertThat(futures.get(0)
+                .get(), containsString("bar1"));
+            assertThat(futures.get(1)
+                .get(), containsString("bar2"));
+        } else {
+            assertThat(futures.get(1)
+                .get(), containsString("bar2"));
+            assertThat(futures.get(1)
+                .get(), containsString("bar1"));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}

core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/httpclient/HttpRequestTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.httpclient;
+
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient;
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpRequest;
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.SECONDS;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Created by adam.
+ */
+public class HttpRequestTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnStatusOKWhenSendGetRequest() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldUseHttp2WhenWebsiteUsesHttp2() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://stackoverflow.com"))
+            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2)
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.version(), equalTo(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldFallbackToHttp1_1WhenWebsiteDoesNotUseHttp2() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2)
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.version(), equalTo(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnStatusOKWhenSendGetRequestWithDummyHeaders() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .headers("key1", "value1", "key2", "value2")
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnStatusOKWhenSendGetRequestTimeoutSet() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .timeout(Duration.of(10, SECONDS))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnNoContentWhenPostWithNoBody() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .POST(HttpRequest.noBody())
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnSampleDataContentWhenPostWithBodyText() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .headers("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromString("Sample request body"))
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.body(), containsString("Sample request body"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnSampleDataContentWhenPostWithInputStream() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        byte[] sampleData = "Sample request body".getBytes();
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .headers("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromInputStream(() -> new ByteArrayInputStream(sampleData)))
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.body(), containsString("Sample request body"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnSampleDataContentWhenPostWithByteArrayProcessorStream() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        byte[] sampleData = "Sample request body".getBytes();
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .headers("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromByteArray(sampleData))
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.body(), containsString("Sample request body"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnSampleDataContentWhenPostWithFileProcessorStream() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/post"))
+            .headers("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromFile(Paths.get("src/test/resources/sample.txt")))
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.body(), containsString("Sample file content"));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/httpclient/HttpResponseTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.httpclient;
+
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient;
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpRequest;
+import jdk.incubator.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.isEmptyString;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNot.not;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Created by adam.
+ */
+public class HttpResponseTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldReturnStatusOKWhenSendGetRequest() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newHttpClient()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        assertThat(response.body(), not(isEmptyString()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldResponseURIDifferentThanRequestUIRWhenRedirect() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(new URI("http://stackoverflow.com"))
+            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1)
+            .GET()
+            .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.ALWAYS)
+            .build()
+            .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
+
+        assertThat(request.uri()
+            .toString(), equalTo("http://stackoverflow.com"));
+        assertThat(response.uri()
+            .toString(), equalTo("https://stackoverflow.com/"));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/httpclient/SimpleHttpRequestsUnitTest.java

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.java9.httpclient;
-
-import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.CookieManager;
-import java.net.CookiePolicy;
-import java.net.URI;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-import java.net.http.HttpClient;
-import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;
-import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
-import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
-
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-public class SimpleHttpRequestsUnitTest {
-
-    private URI httpURI;
-
-    @Before
-    public void init() throws URISyntaxException {
-        httpURI = new URI("http://www.baeldung.com/");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void quickGet() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
-        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.create(httpURI).GET();
-        HttpResponse response = request.response();
-        int responseStatusCode = response.statusCode();
-        String responseBody = response.body(HttpResponse.asString());
-        assertTrue("Get response status code is bigger then 400", responseStatusCode < 400);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void asynchronousGet() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
-        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.create(httpURI).GET();
-        long before = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        CompletableFuture<HttpResponse> futureResponse = request.responseAsync();
-        futureResponse.thenAccept(response -> {
-            String responseBody = response.body(HttpResponse.asString());
-        });
-        HttpResponse resp = futureResponse.get();
-        HttpHeaders hs = resp.headers();
-        assertTrue("There should be more then 1 header.", hs.map().size() > 1);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void postMehtod() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
-        HttpRequest.Builder requestBuilder = HttpRequest.create(httpURI);
-        requestBuilder.body(HttpRequest.fromString("param1=foo,param2=bar")).followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.SECURE);
-        HttpRequest request = requestBuilder.POST();
-        HttpResponse response = request.response();
-        int statusCode = response.statusCode();
-        assertTrue("HTTP return code", statusCode == HTTP_OK);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void configureHttpClient() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
-        CookieManager cManager = new CookieManager();
-        cManager.setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER);
-
-        SSLParameters sslParam = new SSLParameters(new String[] { "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256" }, new String[] { "TLSv1.2" });
-
-        HttpClient.Builder hcBuilder = HttpClient.create();
-        hcBuilder.cookieManager(cManager).sslContext(SSLContext.getDefault()).sslParameters(sslParam);
-        HttpClient httpClient = hcBuilder.build();
-        HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = httpClient.request(new URI("https://www.facebook.com"));
-
-        HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.ALWAYS).GET();
-        HttpResponse response = request.response();
-        int statusCode = response.statusCode();
-        assertTrue("HTTP return code", statusCode == HTTP_OK);
-    }
-
-    SSLParameters getDefaultSSLParameters() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
-        SSLParameters sslP1 = SSLContext.getDefault().getSupportedSSLParameters();
-        String[] proto = sslP1.getApplicationProtocols();
-        String[] cifers = sslP1.getCipherSuites();
-        System.out.println(printStringArr(proto));
-        System.out.println(printStringArr(cifers));
-        return sslP1;
-    }
-
-    String printStringArr(String... args) {
-        if (args == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        for (String s : args) {
-            sb.append(s);
-            sb.append("\n");
-        }
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-
-    String printHeaders(HttpHeaders h) {
-        if (h == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        Map<String, List<String>> hMap = h.map();
-        for (String k : hMap.keySet()) {
-            sb.append(k).append(":");
-            List<String> l = hMap.get(k);
-            if (l != null) {
-                l.forEach(s -> {
-                    sb.append(s).append(",");
-                });
-            }
-            sb.append("\n");
-        }
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/prioritytaskexecution/Job.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.prioritytaskexecution;
+
+public class Job implements Runnable {
+    private String jobName;
+    private JobPriority jobPriority;
+    
+    public Job(String jobName, JobPriority jobPriority) {
+        this.jobName = jobName;
+        this.jobPriority = jobPriority != null ? jobPriority : JobPriority.MEDIUM;
+    }
+
+    public JobPriority getJobPriority() {
+        return jobPriority;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            System.out.println("Job:" + jobName + 
+              " Priority:" + jobPriority);
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/prioritytaskexecution/JobPriority.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.prioritytaskexecution;
+
+public enum JobPriority {
+    HIGH,
+    MEDIUM,
+    LOW
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/prioritytaskexecution/PriorityJobScheduler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.prioritytaskexecution;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class PriorityJobScheduler {
+
+    private ExecutorService priorityJobPoolExecutor;
+    private ExecutorService priorityJobScheduler = 
+      Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    private PriorityBlockingQueue<Job> priorityQueue;
+
+    public PriorityJobScheduler(Integer poolSize, Integer queueSize) {
+        priorityJobPoolExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
+        priorityQueue = new PriorityBlockingQueue<Job>(queueSize, 
+          Comparator.comparing(Job::getJobPriority));
+
+        priorityJobScheduler.execute(()->{
+            while (true) {
+                try {
+                    priorityJobPoolExecutor.execute(priorityQueue.take());
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // exception needs special handling
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public void scheduleJob(Job job) {
+        priorityQueue.add(job);
+    }
+
+    public int getQueuedTaskCount() {
+        return priorityQueue.size();
+    }
+
+    protected void close(ExecutorService scheduler) {
+        scheduler.shutdown();
+        try {
+            if (!scheduler.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                scheduler.shutdownNow();
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            scheduler.shutdownNow();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void closeScheduler() {
+        close(priorityJobPoolExecutor);
+        close(priorityJobScheduler);
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/threadlifecycle/BlockedState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.threadlifecycle;
+
+public class BlockedState {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
+        Thread t1 = new Thread(new DemoThreadB());
+        Thread t2 = new Thread(new DemoThreadB());
+        
+        t1.start();
+        t2.start();
+        
+        Thread.sleep(1000);
+        
+        System.out.println(t2.getState());
+        System.exit(0);
+    }
+}
+
+class DemoThreadB implements Runnable {
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        commonResource();
+    }
+    
+    public static synchronized void commonResource() {
+        while(true) {
+            // Infinite loop to mimic heavy processing
+            // Thread 't1' won't leave this method
+            // when Thread 't2' enters this
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/threadlifecycle/NewState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.threadlifecycle;
+
+public class NewState implements Runnable {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Runnable runnable = new NewState();
+        Thread t = new Thread(runnable);
+        System.out.println(t.getState());
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/threadlifecycle/RunnableState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.threadlifecycle;
+
+public class RunnableState implements Runnable {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Runnable runnable = new NewState();
+        Thread t = new Thread(runnable);
+        t.start();
+        System.out.println(t.getState());
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/threadlifecycle/TerminatedState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.threadlifecycle;
+
+public class TerminatedState implements Runnable {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
+        Thread t1 = new Thread(new TerminatedState());
+        t1.start();
+        Thread.sleep(1000);
+        System.out.println(t1.getState());
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        // No processing in this block
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/threadlifecycle/TimedWaitingState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.threadlifecycle;
+
+public class TimedWaitingState {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
+        DemoThread obj1 = new DemoThread();
+        Thread t1 = new Thread(obj1);
+        t1.start();
+        // The following sleep will give enough time for ThreadScheduler
+        // to start processing of thread t1
+        Thread.sleep(1000);
+        System.out.println(t1.getState());
+    }
+}
+
+class DemoThread implements Runnable {
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(5000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/threadlifecycle/WaitingState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.threadlifecycle;
+
+public class WaitingState implements Runnable {
+    public static Thread t1;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        t1 = new Thread(new WaitingState());
+        t1.start();
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        Thread t2 = new Thread(new DemoThreadWS());
+        t2.start();
+
+        try {
+            t2.join();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class DemoThreadWS implements Runnable {
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println(WaitingState.t1.getState());
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/waitandnotify/Data.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.concurrent.waitandnotify;
 
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-
 public class Data {
     private String packet;
     
@@ -14,6 +12,7 @@ public class Data {
             try {
                 wait();
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
                 System.out.println("Thread Interrupted");
             }
         }
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@ public class Data {
             try { 
                 wait();
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
                 System.out.println("Thread Interrupted");
             }
         }

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/waitandnotify/Receiver.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public class Receiver implements Runnable {
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1000, 5000));
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
                 System.out.println("Thread Interrupted");
             }
         }

core-java-concurrency/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/waitandnotify/Sender.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ public class Sender implements Runnable {
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1000, 5000));
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
                 System.out.println("Thread Interrupted");
             }
         }

core-java-concurrency/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/prioritytaskexecution/PriorityJobSchedulerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.prioritytaskexecution;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PriorityJobSchedulerUnitTest {
+    private static int POOL_SIZE = 1;
+    private static int QUEUE_SIZE = 10;
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenMultiplePriorityJobsQueued_thenHighestPriorityJobIsPicked() {
+        Job job1 = new Job("Job1", JobPriority.LOW);
+        Job job2 = new Job("Job2", JobPriority.MEDIUM);
+        Job job3 = new Job("Job3", JobPriority.HIGH);
+        Job job4 = new Job("Job4", JobPriority.MEDIUM);
+        Job job5 = new Job("Job5", JobPriority.LOW);
+        Job job6 = new Job("Job6", JobPriority.HIGH);
+        
+        PriorityJobScheduler pjs = new PriorityJobScheduler(POOL_SIZE, QUEUE_SIZE);
+        
+        pjs.scheduleJob(job1);
+        pjs.scheduleJob(job2);
+        pjs.scheduleJob(job3);
+        pjs.scheduleJob(job4);
+        pjs.scheduleJob(job5);
+        pjs.scheduleJob(job6);
+        
+        // ensure no tasks is pending before closing the scheduler
+        while (pjs.getQueuedTaskCount() != 0);
+        
+        // delay to avoid job sleep (added for demo) being interrupted
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+        
+        pjs.closeScheduler();
+    }
+}

core-java-concurrency/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/waitandnotify/NetworkIntegrationTest.java

@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ public class NetworkIntegrationTest {
             sender.join();
             receiver.join();
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
+            System.out.println("Thread Interrupted");
         }
         
         assertEquals(expected, outContent.toString());

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/Channel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+public interface Channel {
+    public void update(Object o);
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/NewsAgency.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class NewsAgency {
+    private String news;
+    private List<Channel> channels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public void addObserver(Channel channel) {
+        this.channels.add(channel);
+    }
+
+    public void removeObserver(Channel channel) {
+        this.channels.remove(channel);
+    }
+
+    public void setNews(String news) {
+        this.news = news;
+        for (Channel channel : this.channels) {
+            channel.update(this.news);
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/NewsChannel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+public class NewsChannel implements Channel {
+
+    private String news;
+
+    @Override
+    public void update(Object news) {
+        this.setNews((String) news);
+    }
+
+    public String getNews() {
+        return news;
+    }
+
+    public void setNews(String news) {
+        this.news = news;
+    }
+
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/ONewsAgency.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+import java.util.Observable;
+
+public class ONewsAgency extends Observable {
+    private String news;
+
+    public void setNews(String news) {
+        this.news = news;
+        setChanged();
+        notifyObservers(news);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/ONewsChannel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+import java.util.Observable;
+import java.util.Observer;
+
+public class ONewsChannel implements Observer {
+
+    private String news;
+
+    @Override
+    public void update(Observable o, Object news) {
+        this.setNews((String) news);
+    }
+
+    public String getNews() {
+        return news;
+    }
+
+    public void setNews(String news) {
+        this.news = news;
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/PCLNewsAgency.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeSupport;
+
+public class PCLNewsAgency {
+    private String news;
+
+    private PropertyChangeSupport support;
+
+    public PCLNewsAgency() {
+        support = new PropertyChangeSupport(this);
+    }
+
+    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener pcl) {
+        support.addPropertyChangeListener(pcl);
+    }
+
+    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener pcl) {
+        support.removePropertyChangeListener(pcl);
+    }
+
+    public void setNews(String value) {
+        support.firePropertyChange("news", this.news, value);
+        this.news = value;
+
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/PCLNewsChannel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
+
+public class PCLNewsChannel implements PropertyChangeListener {
+
+    private String news;
+
+    public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
+        this.setNews((String) evt.getNewValue());
+    }
+
+    public String getNews() {
+        return news;
+    }
+
+    public void setNews(String news) {
+        this.news = news;
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/javac/Data.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.javac;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Data {
+    List<String> textList = new ArrayList();
+
+    public void addText(String text) {
+        textList.add(text);
+    }
+
+    public List getTextList() {
+        return this.textList;
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methodoverloadingoverriding/application/Application.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.application;
+
+import com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.model.Car;
+import com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.model.Vehicle;
+import com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.util.Multiplier;
+
+public class Application {
+    
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Multiplier multiplier = new Multiplier();
+        System.out.println(multiplier.multiply(10, 10));
+        System.out.println(multiplier.multiply(10, 10, 10));
+        System.out.println(multiplier.multiply(10, 10.5));
+        System.out.println(multiplier.multiply(10.5, 10.5));
+        
+        Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle();
+        System.out.println(vehicle.accelerate(100));
+        System.out.println(vehicle.run());
+        System.out.println(vehicle.stop());
+        
+        Vehicle car = new Car();
+        System.out.println(car.accelerate(80));
+        System.out.println(car.run());
+        System.out.println(car.stop());
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methodoverloadingoverriding/model/Car.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.model;
+
+public class Car extends Vehicle {
+
+    @Override
+    public String accelerate(long mph) {
+        return "The car accelerates at : " + mph + " MPH.";
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methodoverloadingoverriding/model/Vehicle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.model;
+
+public class Vehicle {
+    
+    public String accelerate(long mph) {
+        return "The vehicle accelerates at : " + mph + " MPH.";
+    }
+    
+    public String stop() {
+        return "The vehicle has stopped.";
+    }
+    
+    public String run() {
+        return "The vehicle is running.";
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methodoverloadingoverriding/util/Multiplier.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.util;
+
+public class Multiplier {
+    
+    public int multiply(int a, int b) {
+        return a * b;
+    }
+    
+    public int multiply(int a, int b, int c) {
+        return a * b * c;
+    }
+    
+    public double multiply(double a, double b) {
+        return a * b;
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/string/Palindrome.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package com.baeldung.string;
+
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+public class Palindrome {
+
+    public boolean isPalindrome(String text) {
+        String clean = text.replaceAll("\\s+", "").toLowerCase();
+        int length = clean.length();
+        int forward = 0;
+        int backward = length - 1;
+        while (backward > forward) {
+            char forwardChar = clean.charAt(forward++);
+            char backwardChar = clean.charAt(backward--);
+            if (forwardChar != backwardChar)
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPalindromeReverseTheString(String text) {
+        StringBuilder reverse = new StringBuilder();
+        String clean = text.replaceAll("\\s+", "").toLowerCase();
+        char[] plain = clean.toCharArray();
+        for (int i = plain.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            reverse.append(plain[i]);
+        return (reverse.toString()).equals(clean);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPalindromeUsingStringBuilder(String text) {
+        String clean = text.replaceAll("\\s+", "").toLowerCase();
+        StringBuilder plain = new StringBuilder(clean);
+        StringBuilder reverse = plain.reverse();
+        return (reverse.toString()).equals(clean);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPalindromeUsingStringBuffer(String text) {
+        String clean = text.replaceAll("\\s+", "").toLowerCase();
+        StringBuffer plain = new StringBuffer(clean);
+        StringBuffer reverse = plain.reverse();
+        return (reverse.toString()).equals(clean);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPalindromeRecursive(String text) {
+        String clean = text.replaceAll("\\s+", "").toLowerCase();
+        return recursivePalindrome(clean, 0, clean.length() - 1);
+    }
+
+    private boolean recursivePalindrome(String text, int forward, int backward) {
+        if (forward == backward)
+            return true;
+        if ((text.charAt(forward)) != (text.charAt(backward)))
+            return false;
+        if (forward < backward + 1) {
+            return recursivePalindrome(text, forward + 1, backward - 1);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPalindromeUsingIntStream(String text) {
+        String temp = text.replaceAll("\\s+", "").toLowerCase();
+        return IntStream.range(0, temp.length() / 2)
+            .noneMatch(i -> temp.charAt(i) != temp.charAt(temp.length() - i - 1));
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/javac-args/arguments

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-d javac-target -verbose
+com/baeldung/javac/Data.java

core-java/src/main/java/javac-args/options

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-d javac-target
+-verbose

core-java/src/main/java/javac-args/types

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+com/baeldung/javac/Data.java

core-java/src/main/java/javac-args/xlint-ops

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-d javac-target
+-Xlint:rawtypes,unchecked,static,cast,serial,fallthrough
+com/baeldung/javac/Data.java

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/decimalformat/DecimalFormatExamplesTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package com.baeldung.decimalformat;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;
+import java.text.NumberFormat;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class DecimalFormatExamplesTest {
+
+	double d = 1234567.89;
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenSimpleDecimal_WhenFormatting_ThenCorrectOutput() {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#.##", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1234567.89");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("0.00", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1234567.89");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#########.###", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1234567.89");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("000000000.000", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("001234567.890");
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenSmallerDecimalPattern_WhenFormatting_ThenRounding() {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#.#", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d)).isEqualTo("1234567.9");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d)).isEqualTo("1234568");
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenGroupingSeparator_WhenFormatting_ThenGroupedOutput() {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#,###.#", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1,234,567.9");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#,###", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1,234,568");
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenMixedPattern_WhenFormatting_ThenCorrectOutput() {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("The # number", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("The 1234568 number");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("The '#' # number", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("The # 1234568 number");
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenLocales_WhenFormatting_ThenCorrectOutput() {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#,###.##", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1,234,567.89");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#,###.##", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ITALIAN)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1.234.567,89");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("#,###.##", DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(new Locale("it", "IT"))).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1.234.567,89");
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenE_WhenFormatting_ThenScientificNotation() {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("00.#######E0", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("12.3456789E5");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("000.000000E0", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("123.456789E4");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("##0.######E0", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1.23456789E6");
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("###.000000E0", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d))
+				.isEqualTo("1.23456789E6");
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenString_WhenParsing_ThenCorrectOutput() throws ParseException {
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).parse("1234567.89"))
+				.isEqualTo(1234567.89);
+
+		assertThat(new DecimalFormat("", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ITALIAN)).parse("1.234.567,89"))
+				.isEqualTo(1234567.89);
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void givenStringAndBigDecimalFlag_WhenParsing_ThenCorrectOutput() throws ParseException {
+
+		NumberFormat nf = new DecimalFormat("", new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH));
+		((DecimalFormat) nf).setParseBigDecimal(true);
+		assertThat(nf.parse("1234567.89")).isEqualTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(1234567.89));
+	}
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/observer/ObserverIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer.NewsAgency;
+import com.baeldung.designpatterns.observer.NewsChannel;
+
+public class ObserverIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenChangingNewsAgencyState_thenNewsChannelNotified() {
+
+        NewsAgency observable = new NewsAgency();
+        NewsChannel observer = new NewsChannel();
+
+        observable.addObserver(observer);
+
+        observable.setNews("news");
+        assertEquals(observer.getNews(), "news");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenChangingONewsAgencyState_thenONewsChannelNotified() {
+
+        ONewsAgency observable = new ONewsAgency();
+        ONewsChannel observer = new ONewsChannel();
+
+        observable.addObserver(observer);
+
+        observable.setNews("news");
+        assertEquals(observer.getNews(), "news");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenChangingPCLNewsAgencyState_thenONewsChannelNotified() {
+
+        PCLNewsAgency observable = new PCLNewsAgency();
+        PCLNewsChannel observer = new PCLNewsChannel();
+
+        observable.addPropertyChangeListener(observer);
+
+        observable.setNews("news");
+        assertEquals(observer.getNews(), "news");
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/methodoverloadingoverriding/test/MethodOverloadingUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.test;
+
+import com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.util.Multiplier;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class MethodOverloadingUnitTest {
+    
+    private static Multiplier multiplier;
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpMultiplierInstance() {
+        multiplier = new Multiplier();
+    }
+ 
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultiplierInstance_whenCalledMultiplyWithTwoIntegers_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(multiplier.multiply(10, 10)).isEqualTo(100);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultiplierInstance_whenCalledMultiplyWithTreeIntegers_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(multiplier.multiply(10, 10, 10)).isEqualTo(1000);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultiplierInstance_whenCalledMultiplyWithIntDouble_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(multiplier.multiply(10, 10.5)).isEqualTo(105.0);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultiplierInstance_whenCalledMultiplyWithDoubleDouble_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(multiplier.multiply(10.5, 10.5)).isEqualTo(110.25);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultiplierInstance_whenCalledMultiplyWithIntIntAndMatching_thenNoTypePromotion() {
+        assertThat(multiplier.multiply(10, 10)).isEqualTo(100);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/methodoverloadingoverriding/test/MethodOverridingUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.test;
+
+import com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.model.Car;
+import com.baeldung.methodoverloadingoverriding.model.Vehicle;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class MethodOverridingUnitTest {
+    
+    private static Vehicle vehicle;
+    private static Car car;
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpVehicleInstance() {
+        vehicle = new Vehicle();
+    }
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpCarInstance() {
+        car = new Car();
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenVehicleInstance_whenCalledAccelerate_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(vehicle.accelerate(100)).isEqualTo("The vehicle accelerates at : 100 MPH.");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenVehicleInstance_whenCalledRun_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(vehicle.run()).isEqualTo("The vehicle is running.");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenVehicleInstance_whenCalledStop_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(vehicle.stop()).isEqualTo("The vehicle has stopped.");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenCarInstance_whenCalledAccelerate_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(car.accelerate(80)).isEqualTo("The car accelerates at : 80 MPH.");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenCarInstance_whenCalledRun_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(car.run()).isEqualTo("The vehicle is running.");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenCarInstance_whenCalledStop_thenOneAssertion() {
+        assertThat(car.stop()).isEqualTo("The vehicle has stopped.");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenVehicleCarInstances_whenCalledAccelerateWithSameArgument_thenNotEqual() {
+        assertThat(vehicle.accelerate(100)).isNotEqualTo(car.accelerate(100));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenVehicleCarInstances_whenCalledRun_thenEqual() {
+        assertThat(vehicle.run()).isEqualTo(car.run());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void givenVehicleCarInstances_whenCalledStop_thenEqual() {
+        assertThat(vehicle.stop()).isEqualTo(car.stop());
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/PalindromeTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package com.baeldung.string;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PalindromeTest {
+
+    private String[] words = {
+            "Anna",
+            "Civic",
+            "Kayak",
+            "Level",
+            "Madam",
+    };
+
+    private String[] sentences = {
+            "Sore was I ere I saw Eros",
+            "Euston saw I was not Sue",
+            "Too hot to hoot",
+            "No mists or frost Simon",
+            "Stella won no wallets"
+    };
+    
+    private Palindrome palindrome = new Palindrome();
+    
+    @Test
+    public void whenWord_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String word : words)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindrome(word));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSentence_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String sentence : sentences)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindrome(sentence));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReverseWord_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String word : words)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeReverseTheString(word));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReverseSentence_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String sentence : sentences)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeReverseTheString(sentence));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenStringBuilderWord_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String word : words)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeUsingStringBuilder(word));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenStringBuilderSentence_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String sentence : sentences)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeUsingStringBuilder(sentence));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenStringBufferWord_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String word : words)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeUsingStringBuffer(word));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenStringBufferSentence_shouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String sentence : sentences)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeUsingStringBuffer(sentence));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPalindromeRecursive_wordShouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String word : words)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeRecursive(word));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPalindromeRecursive_sentenceShouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String sentence : sentences)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeRecursive(sentence));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPalindromeStreams_wordShouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String word : words)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeUsingIntStream(word));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenPalindromeStreams_sentenceShouldBePalindrome() {
+        for (String sentence : sentences)
+            assertTrue(palindrome.isPalindromeUsingIntStream(sentence));
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringComparisonTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package com.baeldung.string;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class StringComparisonTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingComparisonOperator_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        String string1 = "using comparison operator";
+        String string2 = "using comparison operator";
+        String string3 = new String("using comparison operator");
+
+        assertThat(string1 == string2).isTrue();
+        assertThat(string1 == string3).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingEqualsMethod_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        String string1 = "using equals method";
+        String string2 = "using equals method";
+
+        String string3 = "using EQUALS method";
+        String string4 = new String("using equals method");
+
+        assertThat(string1.equals(string2)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(string1.equals(string4)).isTrue();
+
+        assertThat(string1.equals(null)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(string1.equals(string3)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingEqualsIgnoreCase_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        String string1 = "using equals ignore case";
+        String string2 = "USING EQUALS IGNORE CASE";
+
+        assertThat(string1.equalsIgnoreCase(string2)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingCompareTo_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        String Author = "author";
+        String Book = "book";
+        String duplicateBook = "book";
+
+        assertThat(Author.compareTo(Book)).isEqualTo(-1);
+        assertThat(Book.compareTo(Author)).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(duplicateBook.compareTo(Book)).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingCompareToIgnoreCase_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        String Author = "Author";
+        String Book = "book";
+        String duplicateBook = "BOOK";
+
+        assertThat(Author.compareToIgnoreCase(Book)).isEqualTo(-1);
+        assertThat(Book.compareToIgnoreCase(Author)).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(duplicateBook.compareToIgnoreCase(Book)).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingObjectsEqualsMethod_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        String string1 = "using objects equals";
+        String string2 = "using objects equals";
+        String string3 = new String("using objects equals");
+
+        assertThat(Objects.equals(string1, string2)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(Objects.equals(string1, string3)).isTrue();
+
+        assertThat(Objects.equals(null, null)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(Objects.equals(null, string1)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingEqualsOfApacheCommons_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equals(null, null)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equals(null, "equals method")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equals("equals method", "equals method")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equals("equals method", "EQUALS METHOD")).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingEqualsIgnoreCaseOfApacheCommons_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(null, null)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(null, "equals method")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("equals method", "equals method")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("equals method", "EQUALS METHOD")).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingEqualsAnyOf_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAny(null, null, null)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAny("equals any", "equals any", "any")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAny("equals any", null, "equals any")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAny(null, "equals", "any")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAny("equals any", "EQUALS ANY", "ANY")).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingEqualsAnyIgnoreCase_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAnyIgnoreCase(null, null, null)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAnyIgnoreCase("equals any", "equals any", "any")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAnyIgnoreCase("equals any", null, "equals any")).isTrue();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAnyIgnoreCase(null, "equals", "any")).isFalse();
+        assertThat(StringUtils.equalsAnyIgnoreCase(
+                "equals any ignore case", "EQUALS ANY IGNORE CASE", "any")).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingCompare_thenComparingStringsWithNulls(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare(null, null)).isEqualTo(0);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare(null, "abc")).isEqualTo(-1);
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare("abc", "bbc")).isEqualTo(-1);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare("bbc", "abc")).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare("abc", "abc")).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingCompareIgnoreCase_ThenComparingStringsWithNulls(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compareIgnoreCase(null, null)).isEqualTo(0);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compareIgnoreCase(null, "abc")).isEqualTo(-1);
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compareIgnoreCase("Abc", "bbc")).isEqualTo(-1);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compareIgnoreCase("bbc", "ABC")).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compareIgnoreCase("abc", "ABC")).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingCompareWithNullIsLessOption_ThenComparingStrings(){
+
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare(null, "abc", true)).isEqualTo(-1);
+        assertThat(StringUtils.compare(null, "abc", false)).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+}

core-kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/InfixFunctionsTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin
+
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class InfixFunctionsTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testColours() {
+        val color = 0x123456
+        val red = (color and 0xff0000) shr 16
+        val green = (color and 0x00ff00) shr 8
+        val blue = (color and 0x0000ff) shr 0
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(0x12, red)
+        Assert.assertEquals(0x34, green)
+        Assert.assertEquals(0x56, blue)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNewAssertions() {
+        class Assertion<T>(private val target: T) {
+            infix fun isEqualTo(other: T) {
+                Assert.assertEquals(other, target)
+            }
+
+            infix fun isDifferentFrom(other: T) {
+                Assert.assertNotEquals(other, target)
+            }
+        }
+
+        val result = Assertion(5)
+
+        result isEqualTo 5
+
+        // The following two lines are expected to fail
+        // result isEqualTo 6
+        // result isDifferentFrom 5
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNewStringMethod() {
+        infix fun String.substringMatches(r: Regex) : List<String> {
+            return r.findAll(this)
+                    .map { it.value }
+                    .toList()
+        }
+
+        val matches = "a bc def" substringMatches ".*? ".toRegex()
+        Assert.assertEquals(listOf("a ", "bc "), matches)
+    }
+}

core-kotlin/src/test/kotlin/com/baeldung/kotlin/stdlib/RegexTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.baeldung.kotlin.stdlib
+
+import org.junit.Test
+import java.beans.ExceptionListener
+import java.beans.XMLEncoder
+import java.io.*
+import java.lang.Exception
+import kotlin.test.*
+import kotlin.text.RegexOption.*
+
+class RegexTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenRegexIsInstantiated_thenIsEqualToToRegexMethod() {
+        val pattern = """a([bc]+)d?\\"""
+
+        assertEquals(Regex.fromLiteral(pattern).pattern, pattern)
+        assertEquals(pattern, Regex(pattern).pattern)
+        assertEquals(pattern, pattern.toRegex().pattern)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenRegexMatches_thenResultIsTrue() {
+        val regex = """a([bc]+)d?""".toRegex()
+
+        assertTrue(regex.containsMatchIn("xabcdy"))
+        assertTrue(regex.matches("abcd"))
+        assertFalse(regex matches "xabcdy")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenCompletelyMatchingRegex_whenMatchResult_thenDestructuring() {
+        val regex = """a([bc]+)d?""".toRegex()
+
+        assertNull(regex.matchEntire("xabcdy"))
+
+        val matchResult = regex.matchEntire("abbccbbd")
+
+        assertNotNull(matchResult)
+        assertEquals(matchResult!!.value, matchResult.groupValues[0])
+        assertEquals(matchResult.destructured.toList(), matchResult.groupValues.drop(1))
+        assertEquals("bbccbb", matchResult.destructured.component1())
+        assertNull(matchResult.next())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenPartiallyMatchingRegex_whenMatchResult_thenGroups() {
+        val regex = """a([bc]+)d?""".toRegex()
+        var matchResult = regex.find("abcb abbd")
+
+        assertNotNull(matchResult)
+        assertEquals(matchResult!!.value, matchResult.groupValues[0])
+        assertEquals("abcb", matchResult.value)
+        assertEquals(IntRange(0, 3), matchResult.range)
+        assertEquals(listOf("abcb", "bcb"), matchResult.groupValues)
+        assertEquals(matchResult.destructured.toList(), matchResult.groupValues.drop(1))
+
+        matchResult = matchResult.next()
+
+        assertNotNull(matchResult)
+        assertEquals("abbd", matchResult!!.value)
+        assertEquals("bb", matchResult.groupValues[1])
+
+        matchResult = matchResult.next()
+
+        assertNull(matchResult)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenPartiallyMatchingRegex_whenMatchResult_thenDestructuring() {
+        val regex = """([\w\s]+) is (\d+) years old""".toRegex()
+        val matchResult = regex.find("Mickey Mouse is 95 years old")
+        val (name, age) = matchResult!!.destructured
+
+        assertEquals("Mickey Mouse", name)
+        assertEquals("95", age)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenNonMatchingRegex_whenFindCalled_thenNull() {
+        val regex = """a([bc]+)d?""".toRegex()
+        val matchResult = regex.find("foo")
+
+        assertNull(matchResult)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun givenNonMatchingRegex_whenFindAllCalled_thenEmptySet() {
+        val regex = """a([bc]+)d?""".toRegex()
+        val matchResults = regex.findAll("foo")
+
+        assertNotNull(matchResults)
+        assertTrue(matchResults.none())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenReplace_thenReplacement() {
+        val regex = """(red|green|blue)""".toRegex()
+        val beautiful = "Roses are red, Violets are blue"
+        val grim = regex.replace(beautiful, "dark")
+        val shiny = regex.replaceFirst(beautiful, "rainbow")
+
+        assertEquals("Roses are dark, Violets are dark", grim)
+        assertEquals("Roses are rainbow, Violets are blue", shiny)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenComplexReplace_thenReplacement() {
+        val regex = """(red|green|blue)""".toRegex()
+        val beautiful = "Roses are red, Violets are blue"
+        val reallyBeautiful = regex.replace(beautiful) {
+            matchResult ->  matchResult.value.toUpperCase() + "!"
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("Roses are RED!, Violets are BLUE!", reallyBeautiful)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun whenSplit_thenList() {
+        val regex = """\W+""".toRegex()
+        val beautiful = "Roses are red, Violets are blue"
+
+        assertEquals(listOf("Roses", "are", "red", "Violets", "are", "blue"), regex.split(beautiful))
+        assertEquals(listOf("Roses", "are", "red", "Violets are blue"), regex.split(beautiful, 4))
+        assertEquals(regex.toPattern().split(beautiful).asList(), regex.split(beautiful))
+    }
+
+}

guava/src/main/java/org/baeldung/guava/memoizer/CostlySupplier.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package org.baeldung.guava.memoizer;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class CostlySupplier {
+
+    public static BigInteger generateBigNumber() {
+        try {
+            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        }
+        return new BigInteger("12345");
+    }
+
+}

guava/src/main/java/org/baeldung/guava/memoizer/Factorial.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package org.baeldung.guava.memoizer;
+
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
+import com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+public class Factorial {
+
+    private static LoadingCache<Integer, BigInteger> memo = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+            .build(CacheLoader.from(Factorial::getFactorial));
+
+    public static BigInteger getFactorial(int n) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return BigInteger.ONE;
+        } else {
+            return BigInteger.valueOf(n).multiply(memo.getUnchecked(n - 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+}

guava/src/main/java/org/baeldung/guava/memoizer/FibonacciSequence.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package org.baeldung.guava.memoizer;
+
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
+import com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class FibonacciSequence {
+
+    private static LoadingCache<Integer, BigInteger> memo = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+            .maximumSize(100)
+            .build(CacheLoader.from(FibonacciSequence::getFibonacciNumber));
+
+    public static BigInteger getFibonacciNumber(int n) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return BigInteger.ZERO;
+        } else if (n == 1) {
+            return BigInteger.ONE;
+        } else {
+            return memo.getUnchecked(n - 1).add(memo.getUnchecked(n - 2));
+        }
+    }
+
+}

guava/src/test/java/org/baeldung/guava/GuavaMemoizerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package org.baeldung.guava;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Suppliers;
+import org.baeldung.guava.memoizer.CostlySupplier;
+import org.baeldung.guava.memoizer.Factorial;
+import org.baeldung.guava.memoizer.FibonacciSequence;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.number.IsCloseTo.closeTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+public class GuavaMemoizerUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInteger_whenGetFibonacciNumber_thenShouldCalculateFibonacciNumber() {
+        // given
+        int n = 95;
+
+        // when
+        BigInteger fibonacciNumber = FibonacciSequence.getFibonacciNumber(n);
+
+        // then
+        BigInteger expectedFibonacciNumber = new BigInteger("31940434634990099905");
+        assertThat(fibonacciNumber, is(equalTo(expectedFibonacciNumber)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInteger_whenGetFactorial_thenShouldCalculateFactorial() {
+        // given
+        int n = 95;
+
+        // when
+        BigInteger factorial = Factorial.getFactorial(n);
+
+        // then
+        BigInteger expectedFactorial = new BigInteger("10329978488239059262599702099394727095397746340117372869212250571234293987594703124871765375385424468563282236864226607350415360000000000000000000000");
+        assertThat(factorial, is(equalTo(expectedFactorial)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMemoizedSupplier_whenGet_thenSubsequentGetsAreFast() {
+        // given
+        Supplier<BigInteger> memoizedSupplier;
+        memoizedSupplier = Suppliers.memoize(CostlySupplier::generateBigNumber);
+
+        // when
+        BigInteger expectedValue = new BigInteger("12345");
+        assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(memoizedSupplier, expectedValue, 2000D);
+
+        // then
+        assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(memoizedSupplier, expectedValue, 0D);
+        assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(memoizedSupplier, expectedValue, 0D);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMemoizedSupplierWithExpiration_whenGet_thenSubsequentGetsBeforeExpiredAreFast() throws InterruptedException {
+        // given
+        Supplier<BigInteger> memoizedSupplier;
+        memoizedSupplier = Suppliers.memoizeWithExpiration(CostlySupplier::generateBigNumber, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        // when
+        BigInteger expectedValue = new BigInteger("12345");
+        assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(memoizedSupplier, expectedValue, 2000D);
+
+        // then
+        assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(memoizedSupplier, expectedValue, 0D);
+        // add one more second until memoized Supplier is evicted from memory
+        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+        assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(memoizedSupplier, expectedValue, 2000D);
+    }
+
+    private <T> void assertSupplierGetExecutionResultAndDuration(Supplier<T> supplier,
+                                                                 T expectedValue,
+                                                                 double expectedDurationInMs) {
+        Instant start = Instant.now();
+        T value = supplier.get();
+        Long durationInMs = Duration.between(start, Instant.now()).toMillis();
+        double marginOfErrorInMs = 100D;
+
+        assertThat(value, is(equalTo(expectedValue)));
+        assertThat(durationInMs.doubleValue(), is(closeTo(expectedDurationInMs, marginOfErrorInMs)));
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/HibernateUtil.java

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ public class HibernateUtil {
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(Bag.class);
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PointEntity.class);
         metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(PolygonEntity.class);
+        metadataSources.addAnnotatedClass(com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Person.class);
 
         Metadata metadata = metadataSources.buildMetadata();
         return metadata.getSessionFactoryBuilder()

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/converters/PersonNameConverter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.converters;
+
+import javax.persistence.AttributeConverter;
+import javax.persistence.Converter;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.PersonName;
+
+@Converter
+public class PersonNameConverter implements AttributeConverter<PersonName, String> {
+
+    private static final String SEPARATOR = ", ";
+
+    @Override
+    public String convertToDatabaseColumn(PersonName person) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        if (person.getSurname() != null) {
+            sb.append(person.getSurname());
+            sb.append(SEPARATOR);
+        }
+
+        if (person.getName() != null) {
+            sb.append(person.getName());
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PersonName convertToEntityAttribute(String dbPerson) {
+        String[] pieces = dbPerson.split(SEPARATOR);
+
+        if (pieces == null || pieces.length != 2) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        PersonName personName = new PersonName();
+        personName.setSurname(pieces[0]);
+        personName.setName(pieces[1]);
+
+        return personName;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/interceptors/CustomInterceptorImpl.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import org.hibernate.Interceptor;
 import org.hibernate.Transaction;
 import org.hibernate.type.Type;
 
-public class CustomInterceptorImpl implements Interceptor {
+public class CustomInterceptorImpl implements Interceptor, Serializable {
 
     @Override
     public boolean onLoad(Object entity, Serializable id, Object[] state, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types) throws CallbackException {

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pojo/Person.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo;
+
+import javax.persistence.Convert;
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.converters.PersonNameConverter;
+
+@Entity(name = "PersonTable")
+public class Person {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Convert(converter = PersonNameConverter.class)
+    private PersonName personName;
+
+    public PersonName getPersonName() {
+        return personName;
+    }
+
+    public void setPersonName(PersonName personName) {
+        this.personName = personName;
+    }
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/pojo/PersonName.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class PersonName implements Serializable {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7883094644631050150L;
+
+    private String name;
+
+    private String surname;
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getSurname() {
+        return surname;
+    }
+
+    public void setSurname(String surname) {
+        this.surname = surname;
+    }
+
+}

hibernate5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/converter/PersonNameConverterTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package com.baeldung.hibernate.converter;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.Transaction;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.Person;
+import com.baeldung.hibernate.pojo.PersonName;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class PersonNameConverterTest {
+
+    private Session session;
+    private Transaction transaction;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws IOException {
+        session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()
+            .openSession();
+        transaction = session.beginTransaction();
+
+        session.createNativeQuery("delete from personTable")
+            .executeUpdate();
+
+        transaction.commit();
+        transaction = session.beginTransaction();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        transaction.rollback();
+        session.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenPersonName_WhenSaving_ThenNameAndSurnameConcat() {
+        final String name = "name";
+        final String surname = "surname";
+
+        PersonName personName = new PersonName();
+        personName.setName(name);
+        personName.setSurname(surname);
+
+        Person person = new Person();
+        person.setPersonName(personName);
+
+        Long id = (Long) session.save(person);
+
+        session.flush();
+        session.clear();
+
+        String dbPersonName = (String) session.createNativeQuery("select p.personName from PersonTable p where p.id = :id")
+            .setParameter("id", id)
+            .getSingleResult();
+
+        assertEquals(surname + ", " + name, dbPersonName);
+
+        Person dbPerson = session.createNativeQuery("select * from PersonTable p where p.id = :id", Person.class)
+            .setParameter("id", id)
+            .getSingleResult();
+
+        assertEquals(dbPerson.getPersonName()
+            .getName(), name);
+        assertEquals(dbPerson.getPersonName()
+            .getSurname(), surname);
+    }
+
+}

influxdb/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 ### Relevant Article:
 - [Introduction to using InfluxDB with Java](http://www.baeldung.com/using-influxdb-with-java/)
-- [Using InfluxDB with Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-influxdb)
 
 ### Overview
 This Maven project contains the Java code for the article linked above.

influxdb/src/test/java/com/baeldung/influxdb/InfluxDBConnectionLiveTest.java

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import org.influxdb.dto.*;
 import org.influxdb.impl.InfluxDBResultMapper;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ public class InfluxDBConnectionLiveTest {
         // another brief pause.
         Thread.sleep(10);
 
-        List<MemoryPoint> memoryPointList = getPoints(connection, "Select * from memory", "baeldung");
+        List<com.baeldung.influxdb.MemoryPoint> memoryPointList = getPoints(connection, "Select * from memory", "baeldung");
 
         assertEquals(10, memoryPointList.size());
 

jackson/pom.xml

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 
     <properties>
         <!-- marshalling -->
-        <jackson.version>2.9.2</jackson.version>
+        <jackson.version>2.9.4</jackson.version>
 
         <!-- util -->
         <guava.version>19.0</guava.version>

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/controller/StudentServlet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.controller;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import com.baeldung.service.StudentService;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author haseeb
+ *
+ */
+@WebServlet(name = "StudentServlet", urlPatterns = "/student-record")
+public class StudentServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+    protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        StudentService studentService = new StudentService();
+        String studentID = request.getParameter("id");
+        if (studentID != null) {
+            int id = Integer.parseInt(studentID);
+            request.setAttribute("studentRecord", studentService.getStudent(id));
+        }
+
+        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/student-record.jsp");
+        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        processRequest(request, response);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        processRequest(request, response);
+    }
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/model/Student.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package com.baeldung.model;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author haseeb
+ *
+ */
+public class Student {
+
+    private int id;
+    private String firstName;
+    private String lastName;
+
+    public Student(int id, String firstName, String lastName) {
+        super();
+        this.id = id;
+        this.firstName = firstName;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the id
+     */
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param id the id to set
+     */
+    public void setId(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the firstName
+     */
+    public String getFirstName() {
+        return firstName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param firstName the firstName to set
+     */
+    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
+        this.firstName = firstName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the lastName
+     */
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param lastName the lastName to set
+     */
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/service/StudentService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.service;
+
+import com.baeldung.model.Student;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author haseeb
+ *
+ */
+public class StudentService {
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param id
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Student getStudent(int id) {
+
+        Student student = null;
+
+        switch (id) {
+        case 1:
+            student = new Student(1, "John", "Doe");
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            student = new Student(2, "Jane", "Goodall");
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            student = new Student(3, "Max", "Born");
+            break;
+        }
+        return student;
+    }
+}

javax-servlets/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servlets/FormServlet.java

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class FormServlet extends HttpServlet {
             response.setHeader("Test", "Success");
             response.setHeader("BMI", String.valueOf(bmi));
 
-            RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp");
+            RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp");
             dispatcher.forward(request, response);
         } catch (Exception e) {
 

javax-servlets/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/student-record.jsp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
+    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
+
+<%@ page import="com.baeldung.model.Student"%>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>Student Record</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <%
+        if (request.getAttribute("studentRecord") != null) {
+            Student student = (Student) request.getAttribute("studentRecord");
+    %>
+
+    <h1>Student Record</h1>
+    <div>
+        ID:
+        <%=student.getId()%></div>
+    <div>
+        First Name:
+        <%=student.getFirstName()%></div>
+    <div>
+        Last Name:
+        <%=student.getLastName()%></div>
+
+    <%
+        } else {
+    %>
+    <h1>No student record found.</h1>
+    <%
+        }
+    %>
+</body>
+</html>

javaxval/pom.xml

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
     <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <properties>
-        <validation-api.version>2.0.0.Final</validation-api.version>
-        <hibernate-validator.version>6.0.2.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
+        <validation-api.version>2.0.1.Final</validation-api.version>
+        <hibernate-validator.version>6.0.7.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
         <javax.el-api.version>3.0.0</javax.el-api.version>
         <javax.el.version>2.2.6</javax.el.version>
+        <org.springframework.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</org.springframework.version>
     </properties>
 
 
@@ -21,12 +22,6 @@
 
     <dependencies>
 
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
-            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${validation-api.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
             <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
@@ -50,6 +45,16 @@
             <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
             <version>${javax.el.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
+            <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
+            <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
 
     </dependencies>
 

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/MethodValidationConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation;
+
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Customer;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Reservation;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
+import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+@Configuration
+@ComponentScan({ "org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model" })
+public class MethodValidationConfig {
+
+    @Bean
+    public MethodValidationPostProcessor methodValidationPostProcessor() {
+        return new MethodValidationPostProcessor();
+    }
+
+    @Bean("customer")
+    @Scope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
+    public Customer customer(String firstName, String lastName) {
+
+        Customer customer = new Customer(firstName, lastName);
+        return customer;
+    }
+
+    @Bean("reservation")
+    @Scope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
+    public Reservation reservation(LocalDate begin, LocalDate end, Customer customer, int room) {
+
+        Reservation reservation = new Reservation(begin, end, customer, room);
+        return reservation;
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/constraints/ConsistentDateParameterValidator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import javax.validation.constraintvalidation.SupportedValidationTarget;
+import javax.validation.constraintvalidation.ValidationTarget;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+@SupportedValidationTarget(ValidationTarget.PARAMETERS)
+public class ConsistentDateParameterValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ConsistentDateParameters, Object[]> {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isValid(Object[] value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
+
+        if (value[0] == null || value[1] == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!(value[0] instanceof LocalDate) || !(value[1] instanceof LocalDate)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal method signature, expected two parameters of type LocalDate.");
+        }
+
+        return ((LocalDate) value[0]).isAfter(LocalDate.now()) && ((LocalDate) value[0]).isBefore((LocalDate) value[1]);
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/constraints/ConsistentDateParameters.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints;
+
+import javax.validation.Constraint;
+import javax.validation.Payload;
+import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Constraint(validatedBy = ConsistentDateParameterValidator.class)
+@Target({ METHOD, CONSTRUCTOR })
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Documented
+public @interface ConsistentDateParameters {
+
+    String message() default "End date must be after begin date and both must be in the future";
+
+    Class<?>[] groups() default {};
+
+    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/constraints/ValidReservation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints;
+
+import javax.validation.Constraint;
+import javax.validation.Payload;
+import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Constraint(validatedBy = ValidReservationValidator.class)
+@Target({ METHOD, CONSTRUCTOR })
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Documented
+public @interface ValidReservation {
+
+    String message() default "End date must be after begin date and both must be in the future, room number must be bigger than 0";
+
+    Class<?>[] groups() default {};
+
+    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/constraints/ValidReservationValidator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints;
+
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Reservation;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+public class ValidReservationValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ValidReservation, Reservation> {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isValid(Reservation reservation, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
+
+        if (reservation == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!(reservation instanceof Reservation)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal method signature, expected parameter of type Reservation.");
+        }
+
+        if (reservation.getBegin() == null || reservation.getEnd() == null || reservation.getCustomer() == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return (reservation.getBegin()
+            .isAfter(LocalDate.now())
+            && reservation.getBegin()
+                .isBefore(reservation.getEnd())
+            && reservation.getRoom() > 0);
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/model/Customer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model;
+
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
+
+@Validated
+public class Customer {
+
+    @Size(min = 5, max = 200)
+    private String firstName;
+
+    @Size(min = 5, max = 200)
+    private String lastName;
+
+    public Customer(@Size(min = 5, max = 200) @NotNull String firstName, @Size(min = 5, max = 200) @NotNull String lastName) {
+        this.firstName = firstName;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+
+    public Customer() {
+
+    }
+
+    public String getFirstName() {
+        return firstName;
+    }
+
+    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
+        this.firstName = firstName;
+    }
+
+    public String getLastName() {
+        return lastName;
+    }
+
+    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/model/Reservation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model;
+
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints.ConsistentDateParameters;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints.ValidReservation;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+import javax.validation.Valid;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Positive;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+@Validated
+public class Reservation {
+
+    private LocalDate begin;
+
+    private LocalDate end;
+
+    @Valid
+    private Customer customer;
+
+    @Positive
+    private int room;
+
+    @ConsistentDateParameters
+    @ValidReservation
+    public Reservation(LocalDate begin, LocalDate end, Customer customer, int room) {
+        this.begin = begin;
+        this.end = end;
+        this.customer = customer;
+        this.room = room;
+    }
+
+    public LocalDate getBegin() {
+        return begin;
+    }
+
+    public void setBegin(LocalDate begin) {
+        this.begin = begin;
+    }
+
+    public LocalDate getEnd() {
+        return end;
+    }
+
+    public void setEnd(LocalDate end) {
+        this.end = end;
+    }
+
+    public Customer getCustomer() {
+        return customer;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
+        this.customer = customer;
+    }
+
+    public int getRoom() {
+        return room;
+    }
+
+    public void setRoom(int room) {
+        this.room = room;
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/main/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/model/ReservationManagement.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model;
+
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints.ConsistentDateParameters;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.constraints.ValidReservation;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+import javax.validation.Valid;
+import javax.validation.constraints.*;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Controller
+@Validated
+public class ReservationManagement {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
+
+    @ConsistentDateParameters
+    public void createReservation(LocalDate begin, LocalDate end, @NotNull Customer customer) {
+
+        // ...
+    }
+
+    public void createReservation(@NotNull @Future LocalDate begin, @Min(1) int duration, @NotNull Customer customer) {
+
+        // ...
+    }
+
+    public void createReservation(@Valid Reservation reservation) {
+
+        // ...
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Size(min = 1)
+    public List<@NotNull Customer> getAllCustomers() {
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Valid
+    public Reservation getReservationById(int id) {
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/test/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/ContainerValidationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation;
+
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Customer;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Reservation;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.ReservationManagement;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
+import org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoader;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
+@ContextConfiguration(classes = { MethodValidationConfig.class }, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
+public class ContainerValidationIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    ReservationManagement reservationManagement;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidMethodParameters_thenConstraintViolationException() {
+
+        exception.expect(ConstraintViolationException.class);
+        reservationManagement.createReservation(LocalDate.now(), 0, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidMethodParameters_thenNoException() {
+
+        reservationManagement.createReservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1), 1, new Customer("William", "Smith"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCrossParameterValidationWithInvalidParameters_thenConstraintViolationException() {
+
+        exception.expect(ConstraintViolationException.class);
+        reservationManagement.createReservation(LocalDate.now(), LocalDate.now(), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCrossParameterValidationWithValidParameters_thenNoException() {
+
+        reservationManagement.createReservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+            LocalDate.now()
+                .plusDays(2),
+            new Customer("William", "Smith"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidReturnValue_thenConstraintViolationException() {
+
+        exception.expect(ConstraintViolationException.class);
+        List<Customer> list = reservationManagement.getAllCustomers();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidCascadedValue_thenConstraintViolationException() {
+
+        Customer customer = new Customer();
+        customer.setFirstName("John");
+        customer.setLastName("Doe");
+        Reservation reservation = new Reservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+            LocalDate.now()
+                .plusDays(2),
+            customer, 1);
+
+        exception.expect(ConstraintViolationException.class);
+        reservationManagement.createReservation(reservation);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidCascadedValue_thenCNoException() {
+
+        Customer customer = new Customer();
+        customer.setFirstName("William");
+        customer.setLastName("Smith");
+        Reservation reservation = new Reservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+            LocalDate.now()
+                .plusDays(2),
+            customer, 1);
+
+        reservationManagement.createReservation(reservation);
+    }
+}

javaxval/src/test/java/org/baeldung/javaxval/methodvalidation/ValidationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation;
+
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Customer;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.Reservation;
+import org.baeldung.javaxval.methodvalidation.model.ReservationManagement;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
+import javax.validation.Validation;
+import javax.validation.ValidatorFactory;
+import javax.validation.executable.ExecutableValidator;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class ValidationIntegrationTest {
+
+    private ExecutableValidator executableValidator;
+
+    @Before
+    public void getExecutableValidator() {
+
+        ValidatorFactory factory = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory();
+        this.executableValidator = factory.getValidator()
+            .forExecutables();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidMethodParameters_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("createReservation", LocalDate.class, int.class, Customer.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { LocalDate.now(), 0, null };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateParameters(object, method, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(3, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidMethodParameters_thenZeroVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("createReservation", LocalDate.class, int.class, Customer.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1), 1, new Customer("John", "Doe") };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateParameters(object, method, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCrossParameterValidationWithInvalidParameters_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("createReservation", LocalDate.class, LocalDate.class, Customer.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { LocalDate.now(), LocalDate.now(), new Customer("John", "Doe") };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateParameters(object, method, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(1, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCrossParameterValidationWithValidParameters_thenZeroVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("createReservation", LocalDate.class, LocalDate.class, Customer.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+                LocalDate.now()
+                    .plusDays(2),
+                new Customer("John", "Doe") };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateParameters(object, method, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidConstructorParameters_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        Constructor<Customer> constructor = Customer.class.getConstructor(String.class, String.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { "John", "Doe" };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<Customer>> violations = executableValidator.validateConstructorParameters(constructor, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(2, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidConstructorParameters_thenZeroVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        Constructor<Customer> constructor = Customer.class.getConstructor(String.class, String.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { "William", "Smith" };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<Customer>> violations = executableValidator.validateConstructorParameters(constructor, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCrossParameterValidationWithInvalidConstructorParameters_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        Constructor<Reservation> constructor = Reservation.class.getConstructor(LocalDate.class, LocalDate.class, Customer.class, int.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { LocalDate.now(), LocalDate.now(), new Customer("William", "Smith"), 1 };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<Reservation>> violations = executableValidator.validateConstructorParameters(constructor, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(1, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCrossParameterValidationWithValidConstructorParameters_thenZeroVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        Constructor<Reservation> constructor = Reservation.class.getConstructor(LocalDate.class, LocalDate.class, Customer.class, int.class);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+                LocalDate.now()
+                    .plusDays(2),
+                new Customer("William", "Smith"), 1 };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<Reservation>> violations = executableValidator.validateConstructorParameters(constructor, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidReturnValue_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("getAllCustomers");
+        Object returnValue = Collections.<Customer> emptyList();
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateReturnValue(object, method, returnValue);
+
+        assertEquals(1, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidReturnValue_thenZeroVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("getAllCustomers");
+        Object returnValue = Collections.singletonList(new Customer("William", "Smith"));
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateReturnValue(object, method, returnValue);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidConstructorReturnValue_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        Constructor<Reservation> constructor = Reservation.class.getConstructor(LocalDate.class, LocalDate.class, Customer.class, int.class);
+        Reservation createdObject = new Reservation(LocalDate.now(), LocalDate.now(), new Customer("William", "Smith"), 0);
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<Reservation>> violations = executableValidator.validateConstructorReturnValue(constructor, createdObject);
+
+        assertEquals(1, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidConstructorReturnValue_thenZeroVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        Constructor<Reservation> constructor = Reservation.class.getConstructor(LocalDate.class, LocalDate.class, Customer.class, int.class);
+        Reservation createdObject = new Reservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+            LocalDate.now()
+                .plusDays(2),
+            new Customer("William", "Smith"), 1);
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<Reservation>> violations = executableValidator.validateConstructorReturnValue(constructor, createdObject);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithInvalidCascadedValue_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("createReservation", Reservation.class);
+        Customer customer = new Customer();
+        customer.setFirstName("John");
+        customer.setLastName("Doe");
+        Reservation reservation = new Reservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+            LocalDate.now()
+                .plusDays(2),
+            customer, 1);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { reservation };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateParameters(object, method, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(2, violations.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWithValidCascadedValue_thenCorrectNumberOfVoilations() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+
+        ReservationManagement object = new ReservationManagement();
+        Method method = ReservationManagement.class.getMethod("createReservation", Reservation.class);
+        Customer customer = new Customer();
+        customer.setFirstName("William");
+        customer.setLastName("Smith");
+        Reservation reservation = new Reservation(LocalDate.now()
+            .plusDays(1),
+            LocalDate.now()
+                .plusDays(2),
+            customer, 1);
+        Object[] parameterValues = { reservation };
+        Set<ConstraintViolation<ReservationManagement>> violations = executableValidator.validateParameters(object, method, parameterValues);
+
+        assertEquals(0, violations.size());
+    }
+
+}

jgroups/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+## Reliable Messaging with JGroups Tutorial Project
+
+### Relevant Article:
+- [Reliable Messaging with JGroups](http://www.baeldung.com/reliable-messaging-with-jgroups/)
+
+### Overview
+This Maven project contains the Java code for the article linked above.
+
+### Package Organization
+Java classes for the intro tutorial are in the org.baeldung.jgroups package.
+
+
+### Running the tests
+
+```

jgroups/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>jgroups</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <name>jgroups</name>
+    <description>Reliable Messaging with JGroups Tutorial</description>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jgroups</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jgroups</artifactId>
+            <version>4.0.10.Final</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-cli</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-cli</artifactId>
+            <version>1.4</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <properties>
+        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

jgroups/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jgroups/JGroupsMessenger.java

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+package com.baeldung.jgroups;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.*;
+import org.jgroups.*;
+import org.jgroups.util.Util;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class JGroupsMessenger extends ReceiverAdapter {
+
+    private JChannel channel;
+    private String userName;
+    private String clusterName;
+    private View lastView;
+    private boolean running = true;
+
+    // Our shared state
+    private Integer messageCount = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Connect to a JGroups cluster using command line options
+     * @param args command line arguments
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    private void start(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        processCommandline(args);
+
+        // Create the channel
+        // This file could be moved, or made a command line option.
+        channel = new JChannel("src/main/resources/udp.xml");
+
+        // Set a name
+        channel.name(userName);
+
+        // Register for callbacks
+        channel.setReceiver(this);
+
+        // Ignore our messages
+        channel.setDiscardOwnMessages(true);
+
+        // Connect
+        channel.connect(clusterName);
+
+        // Start state transfer
+        channel.getState(null, 0);
+
+        // Do the things
+        processInput();
+
+        // Clean up
+        channel.close();
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Quick and dirty implementaton of commons cli for command line args
+     * @param args the command line args
+     * @throws ParseException
+     */
+    private void processCommandline(String[] args) throws ParseException {
+
+        // Options, parser, friendly help
+        Options options = new Options();
+        CommandLineParser parser = new DefaultParser();
+        HelpFormatter formatter = new HelpFormatter();
+
+        options.addOption("u", "user", true, "User name")
+            .addOption("c", "cluster", true, "Cluster name");
+
+        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, args);
+
+        if (line.hasOption("user")) {
+            userName = line.getOptionValue("user");
+        } else {
+            formatter.printHelp("JGroupsMessenger: need a user name.\n", options);
+            System.exit(-1);
+        }
+
+        if (line.hasOption("cluster")) {
+            clusterName = line.getOptionValue("cluster");
+        } else {
+            formatter.printHelp("JGroupsMessenger: need a cluster name.\n", options);
+            System.exit(-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Start it up
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        new JGroupsMessenger().start(args);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void viewAccepted(View newView) {
+
+        // Save view if this is the first
+        if (lastView == null) {
+            System.out.println("Received initial view:");
+            newView.forEach(System.out::println);
+        } else {
+            // Compare to last view
+            System.out.println("Received new view.");
+
+            List<Address> newMembers = View.newMembers(lastView, newView);
+            System.out.println("New members: ");
+            newMembers.forEach(System.out::println);
+
+            List<Address> exMembers = View.leftMembers(lastView, newView);
+            System.out.println("Exited members:");
+            exMembers.forEach(System.out::println);
+        }
+        lastView = newView;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loop on console input until we see 'x' to exit
+     */
+    private void processInput() throws Exception {
+
+        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        while (running) {
+            try {
+
+                // Get a destination, <enter> means broadcast
+                Address destination = null;
+                System.out.print("Enter a destination: ");
+                System.out.flush();
+                String destinationName = in.readLine().toLowerCase();
+
+                if (destinationName.equals("x")) {
+                    running = false;
+                    continue;
+                } else if (!destinationName.isEmpty()) {
+                    destination = getAddress(destinationName)
+                      . orElseThrow(() -> new Exception("Destination not found"));
+                }
+
+                // Accept a string to send
+                System.out.print("Enter a message: ");
+                System.out.flush();
+                String line = in.readLine().toLowerCase();
+                sendMessage(destination, line);
+            } catch (IOException ioe) {
+                running = false;
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("Exiting.");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send message from here
+     * @param destination the destination
+     * @param messageString the message
+     */
+    private void sendMessage(Address destination, String messageString) {
+        try {
+            System.out.println("Sending " + messageString + " to " + destination);
+            Message message = new Message(destination, messageString);
+            channel.send(message);
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            System.err.println("Exception sending message: " + exception.getMessage());
+            running = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void receive(Message message) {
+        // Print source and dest with message
+        String line = "Message received from: " + message.getSrc() + " to: " + message.getDest() + " -> " + message.getObject();
+
+        // Only track the count of broadcast messages
+        // Tracking direct message would make for a pointless state
+        if (message.getDest() == null) {
+            messageCount++;
+            System.out.println("Message count: " + messageCount);
+        }
+
+        System.out.println(line);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getState(OutputStream output) throws Exception {
+        // Serialize into the stream
+        Util.objectToStream(messageCount, new DataOutputStream(output));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setState(InputStream input) {
+
+        // NOTE: since we know that incrementing the count and transferring the state
+        // is done inside the JChannel's thread, we don't have to worry about synchronizing
+        // messageCount. For production code it should be synchronized!
+        try {
+            // Deserialize
+            messageCount = Util.objectFromStream(new DataInputStream(input));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.out.println("Error deserialing state!");
+        }
+        System.out.println(messageCount + " is the current messagecount.");
+    }
+
+
+    private Optional<Address> getAddress(String name) {
+        View view = channel.view();
+        return view.getMembers().stream().filter(address -> name.equals(address.toString())).findFirst();
+    }
+
+}
+
+

jgroups/src/main/resources/udp.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<config xmlns="urn:org:jgroups"
+        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+        xsi:schemaLocation="urn:org:jgroups http://www.jgroups.org/schema/jgroups.xsd">
+    <UDP
+         mcast_port="${jgroups.udp.mcast_port:45588}"
+         ip_ttl="4"
+         tos="8"
+         ucast_recv_buf_size="5M"
+         ucast_send_buf_size="5M"
+         mcast_recv_buf_size="5M"
+         mcast_send_buf_size="5M"
+         max_bundle_size="64K"
+         enable_diagnostics="true"
+         thread_naming_pattern="cl"
+
+         thread_pool.min_threads="0"
+         thread_pool.max_threads="20"
+         thread_pool.keep_alive_time="30000"/>
+
+    <PING />
+    <MERGE3 max_interval="30000"
+            min_interval="10000"/>
+    <FD_SOCK/>
+    <FD_ALL/>
+    <VERIFY_SUSPECT timeout="1500"  />
+    <BARRIER />
+    <pbcast.NAKACK2 xmit_interval="500"
+                    xmit_table_num_rows="100"
+                    xmit_table_msgs_per_row="2000"
+                    xmit_table_max_compaction_time="30000"
+                    use_mcast_xmit="false"
+                    discard_delivered_msgs="true"/>
+    <UNICAST3 xmit_interval="500"
+              xmit_table_num_rows="100"
+              xmit_table_msgs_per_row="2000"
+              xmit_table_max_compaction_time="60000"
+              conn_expiry_timeout="0"/>
+    <pbcast.STABLE desired_avg_gossip="50000"
+                   max_bytes="4M"/>
+    <pbcast.GMS print_local_addr="true" join_timeout="2000"/>
+    <UFC max_credits="2M"
+         min_threshold="0.4"/>
+    <MFC max_credits="2M"
+         min_threshold="0.4"/>
+    <FRAG2 frag_size="60K"  />
+    <RSVP resend_interval="2000" timeout="10000"/>
+    <pbcast.STATE_TRANSFER />
+</config>

json/pom.xml

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
             <version>${fastjson.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
+            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
+            <version>20171018</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/CDLDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+import org.json.CDL;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONTokener;
+
+public class CDLDemo {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("7.1. Producing JSONArray Directly from Comma Delimited Text: ");
+        jsonArrayFromCDT();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n7.2. Producing Comma Delimited Text from JSONArray: ");
+        cDTfromJSONArray();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n7.3.1. Producing JSONArray of JSONObjects Using Comma Delimited Text: ");
+        jaOfJOFromCDT2();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n7.3.2. Producing JSONArray of JSONObjects Using Comma Delimited Text: ");
+        jaOfJOFromCDT2();
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonArrayFromCDT() {
+        JSONArray ja = CDL.rowToJSONArray(new JSONTokener("England, USA, Canada"));
+        System.out.println(ja);
+    }
+    
+    public static void cDTfromJSONArray() {
+        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray("[\"England\",\"USA\",\"Canada\"]");
+        String cdt = CDL.rowToString(ja);
+        System.out.println(cdt);
+    }
+    
+    public static void jaOfJOFromCDT() {
+        String string = 
+          "name, city, age \n" +
+          "john, chicago, 22 \n" +
+          "gary, florida, 35 \n" +
+          "sal, vegas, 18";
+         
+        JSONArray result = CDL.toJSONArray(string);
+        System.out.println(result.toString());
+    }
+    
+    public static void jaOfJOFromCDT2() {
+        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
+        ja.put("name");
+        ja.put("city");
+        ja.put("age");
+         
+        String string = 
+          "john, chicago, 22 \n" +
+          "gary, florida, 35 \n" +
+          "sal, vegas, 18";
+         
+        JSONArray result = CDL.toJSONArray(ja, string);
+        System.out.println(result.toString());
+    }
+    
+}

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/CookieDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+import org.json.Cookie;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+public class CookieDemo {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("8.1. Converting a Cookie String into a JSONObject");
+        cookieStringToJSONObject();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n8.2. Converting a JSONObject into Cookie String");
+        jSONObjectToCookieString();
+    }
+    
+    public static void cookieStringToJSONObject() {
+        String cookie = "username=John Doe; expires=Thu, 18 Dec 2013 12:00:00 UTC; path=/";
+        JSONObject cookieJO = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookie);
+        System.out.println(cookieJO);
+    }
+    
+    public static void jSONObjectToCookieString() {
+        JSONObject cookieJO = new JSONObject();
+        cookieJO.put("name", "username");
+        cookieJO.put("value", "John Doe");
+        cookieJO.put("expires", "Thu, 18 Dec 2013 12:00:00 UTC");
+        cookieJO.put("path", "/");
+        String cookie = Cookie.toString(cookieJO);
+        System.out.println(cookie);
+    }
+}

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/DemoBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+public class DemoBean {
+    private int id;
+    private String name;
+    private boolean active;
+    
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+    public void setId(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+    public boolean isActive() {
+        return active;
+    }
+    public void setActive(boolean active) {
+        this.active = active;
+    }
+}

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/HTTPDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+import org.json.HTTP;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+public class HTTPDemo {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("9.1. Converting JSONObject to HTTP Header: ");
+        jSONObjectToHTTPHeader();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n9.2. Converting HTTP Header String Back to JSONObject: ");
+        hTTPHeaderToJSONObject();
+    }
+    
+    public static void jSONObjectToHTTPHeader() {
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
+        jo.put("Method", "POST");
+        jo.put("Request-URI", "http://www.example.com/");
+        jo.put("HTTP-Version", "HTTP/1.1");
+        System.out.println(HTTP.toString(jo));
+    }
+    
+    public static void hTTPHeaderToJSONObject() {
+        JSONObject obj = HTTP.toJSONObject("POST \"http://www.example.com/\" HTTP/1.1");
+        System.out.println(obj);
+    }
+}

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/JSONArrayDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+public class JSONArrayDemo {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("5.1. Creating JSON Array: ");
+        creatingJSONArray();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n5.2. Creating JSON Array from JSON string: ");
+        jsonArrayFromJSONString();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n5.3. Creating JSON Array from Collection Object: ");
+        jsonArrayFromCollectionObj();
+    }
+    
+    public static void creatingJSONArray() {
+        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
+        ja.put(Boolean.TRUE);
+        ja.put("lorem ipsum");
+         
+        // We can also put a JSONObject in JSONArray
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
+        jo.put("name", "jon doe");
+        jo.put("age", "22");
+        jo.put("city", "chicago");
+         
+        ja.put(jo);
+         
+        System.out.println(ja.toString());
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonArrayFromJSONString() {
+        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray("[true, \"lorem ipsum\", 215]");
+        System.out.println(ja);
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonArrayFromCollectionObj() {
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        list.add("California");
+        list.add("Texas");
+        list.add("Hawaii");
+        list.add("Alaska");
+         
+        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray(list);
+        System.out.println(ja);
+    }
+}

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/JSONObjectDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+public class JSONObjectDemo {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("4.1. Creating JSONObject: ");
+        jsonFromJSONObject();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n4.2. Creating JSONObject from Map: ");
+        jsonFromMap();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n4.3. Creating JSONObject from JSON string: ");
+        jsonFromJSONString();
+        
+        System.out.println("\n4.4. Creating JSONObject from Java Bean: ");
+        jsonFromDemoBean();
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonFromJSONObject() {
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
+        jo.put("name", "jon doe");
+        jo.put("age", "22");
+        jo.put("city", "chicago");
+             
+        System.out.println(jo.toString());
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonFromMap() {
+        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("name", "jon doe");
+        map.put("age", "22");
+        map.put("city", "chicago");
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(map);
+         
+        System.out.println(jo.toString());
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonFromJSONString() {
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(
+          "{\"city\":\"chicago\",\"name\":\"jon doe\",\"age\":\"22\"}"
+        );
+        
+        System.out.println(jo.toString());
+    }
+    
+    public static void jsonFromDemoBean() {
+        DemoBean demo = new DemoBean();
+        demo.setId(1);
+        demo.setName("lorem ipsum");
+        demo.setActive(true);
+         
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(demo);
+        System.out.println(jo);
+    }
+}

json/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jsonjava/JSONTokenerDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.jsonjava;
+
+import org.json.JSONTokener;
+
+public class JSONTokenerDemo {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        JSONTokener jt = new JSONTokener("Sample String");
+         
+        while(jt.more()) {
+            System.out.println(jt.next());
+        }
+    }
+}