Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/eugenp/tutorials into

task/JAVA-13721

# Conflicts:
#	testing-modules/mockito-simple/pom.xml

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/README.md

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
 
 - [Algorithm to Identify and Validate a Credit Card Number](https://www.baeldung.com/java-validate-cc-number)
 - [Find the N Most Frequent Elements in a Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-n-most-frequent-elements-array)
+- [Getting Pixel Array From Image in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-getting-pixel-array-from-image)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-6)

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/pixelarray/GetPixelArray.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray;
+
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;
+public class GetPixelArray {
+
+    public static int[][] get2DPixelArraySlow(BufferedImage sampleImage) {
+        int width = sampleImage.getWidth();
+        int height = sampleImage.getHeight();
+        int[][] result = new int[height][width];
+
+        for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
+            for (int col = 0; col < width; col++) {
+                result[row][col] = sampleImage.getRGB(col, row);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static int[][] get2DPixelArrayFast(BufferedImage image) {
+        final byte[] pixelData = ((DataBufferByte) image.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();
+        final int width = image.getWidth();
+        final int height = image.getHeight();
+        final boolean hasAlphaChannel = image.getAlphaRaster() != null;
+
+        int[][] result = new int[height][width];
+        if (hasAlphaChannel) {
+            final int numberOfValues = 4;
+            for (int valueIndex = 0, row = 0, col = 0; valueIndex + numberOfValues - 1 < pixelData.length; valueIndex += numberOfValues) {
+                // Getting the values for each pixel from the pixelData array.
+                int argb = 0;
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex] & 0xff) << 24); // alpha value
+                argb += ((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 1] & 0xff); // blue value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 2] & 0xff) << 8); // green value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 3] & 0xff) << 16); // red value
+                result[row][col] = argb;
+
+                col++;
+                if (col == width) {
+                    col = 0;
+                    row++;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            final int numberOfValues = 3;
+            for (int valueIndex = 0, row = 0, col = 0; valueIndex + numberOfValues - 1 < pixelData.length; valueIndex += numberOfValues) {
+                int argb = 0;
+                argb += -16777216; // 255 alpha value (fully opaque)
+                argb += ((int) pixelData[valueIndex] & 0xff); // blue value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 1] & 0xff) << 8); // green value
+                argb += (((int) pixelData[valueIndex + 2] & 0xff) << 16); // red value
+                result[row][col] = argb;
+
+                col++;
+                if (col == width) {
+                    col = 0;
+                    row++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/pixelarray/GetPixelArrayUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray;
+
+import static com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray.GetPixelArray.get2DPixelArrayFast;
+import static com.baeldung.algorithms.pixelarray.GetPixelArray.get2DPixelArraySlow;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class GetPixelArrayUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenImage_whenGetPixelArray_thenBothMethodsReturnEqualValues() {
+        BufferedImage sampleImage = null;
+        try {
+            sampleImage = ImageIO.read(new File("src/main/resources/images/sampleImage.jpg"));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        int[][] firstResult = get2DPixelArraySlow(sampleImage);
+        int[][] secondResult = get2DPixelArrayFast(sampleImage);
+
+        assertTrue(Arrays.deepEquals(firstResult, secondResult));
+    }
+}

apache-kafka-2/README.md

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ You can build the project from the command line using: *mvn clean install*, or i
 
 ### Relevant Articles:
 - [Guide to Check if Apache Kafka Server Is Running](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-kafka-check-server-is-running)
+- [Add Custom Headers to a Kafka Message](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-custom-headers)

apache-kafka-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/kafka/headers/KafkaMessageHeaders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.headers;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Header;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Headers;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class KafkaMessageHeaders {
+
+    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaMessageHeaders.class);
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message";
+    private static String MESSAGE_VALUE = "Hello World";
+    private static String HEADER_KEY = "website";
+    private static String HEADER_VALUE = "baeldung.com";
+
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        setup();
+
+        publishMessageWithCustomHeaders();
+
+        consumeMessageWithCustomHeaders();
+    }
+
+    private static void consumeMessageWithCustomHeaders() {
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info(record.key());
+            logger.info(record.value());
+
+            Headers headers = record.headers();
+            for (Header header : headers) {
+                logger.info(header.key());
+                logger.info(new String(header.value()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void publishMessageWithCustomHeaders() {
+        List<Header> headers = new ArrayList<>();
+        headers.add(new RecordHeader(HEADER_KEY, HEADER_VALUE.getBytes()));
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> record1 = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, null, MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE, headers);
+        producer.send(record1);
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> record2 = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, null, System.currentTimeMillis(), MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE, headers);
+        producer.send(record2);
+    }
+
+    private static void setup() {
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "ConsumerGroup1");
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+    }
+
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/KafaConsumeLastNMessages.java

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+@Testcontainers
+public class KafaConsumeLastNMessages {
+
+    private static String TOPIC1 = "baeldung-github";
+    private static String TOPIC2 = "baeldung-blog";
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message";
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> transactionalProducer;
+
+    @Container
+    private static final KafkaContainer KAFKA_CONTAINER = new KafkaContainer(DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest"));
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.addExposedPort(9092);
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "ConsumerGroup1");
+
+        Properties transactionalProducerProprieties = new Properties();
+        transactionalProducerProprieties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        transactionalProducerProprieties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        transactionalProducerProprieties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        transactionalProducerProprieties.put(ProducerConfig.ENABLE_IDEMPOTENCE_CONFIG, "true");
+        transactionalProducerProprieties.put(ProducerConfig.TRANSACTIONAL_ID_CONFIG, "prod-0");
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+        transactionalProducer = new KafkaProducer<>(transactionalProducerProprieties);
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void destroy() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenSeekingKafkaTopicCursorToEnd_consumerRetrievesOnlyDesiredNumberOfMessages() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        int messagesInTopic = 100;
+        int messagesToRetrieve = 20;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < messagesInTopic; i++) {
+            producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC1, null, MESSAGE_KEY, String.valueOf(i)))
+                    .get();
+        }
+
+        TopicPartition partition = new TopicPartition(TOPIC1, 0);
+        List<TopicPartition> partitions = new ArrayList<>();
+        partitions.add(partition);
+        consumer.assign(partitions);
+
+        consumer.seekToEnd(partitions);
+        long startIndex = consumer.position(partition) - messagesToRetrieve;
+        consumer.seek(partition, startIndex);
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
+        int recordsReceived = 0;
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_KEY, record.key());
+            assertTrue(Integer.parseInt(record.value()) >= (messagesInTopic - messagesToRetrieve));
+            recordsReceived++;
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(messagesToRetrieve, recordsReceived);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void havingTransactionalProducer_whenSeekingKafkaTopicCursorToEnd_consumerRetrievesLessMessages() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        int messagesInTopic = 100;
+        int messagesToRetrieve = 20;
+
+        transactionalProducer.initTransactions();
+        for (int i = 0; i < messagesInTopic; i++) {
+            transactionalProducer.beginTransaction();
+            transactionalProducer.send(new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC2, null, MESSAGE_KEY, String.valueOf(i)))
+                    .get();
+            transactionalProducer.commitTransaction();
+        }
+
+        TopicPartition partition = new TopicPartition(TOPIC2, 0);
+        List<TopicPartition> partitions = new ArrayList<>();
+        partitions.add(partition);
+        consumer.assign(partitions);
+
+        consumer.seekToEnd(partitions);
+        long startIndex = consumer.position(partition) - messagesToRetrieve;
+        consumer.seek(partition, startIndex);
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
+        int recordsReceived = 0;
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_KEY, record.key());
+            assertTrue(Integer.parseInt(record.value()) >= (messagesInTopic - messagesToRetrieve));
+            recordsReceived++;
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(messagesToRetrieve > recordsReceived);
+    }
+
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/headers/KafkaMessageHeadersLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.headers;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.RecordMetadata;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Header;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Headers;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+
+// This live test needs a Docker Daemon running so that a kafka container can be created
+
+@Testcontainers
+public class KafkaMessageHeadersLiveTest {
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message";
+    private static String MESSAGE_VALUE = "Hello World";
+    private static String HEADER_KEY = "website";
+    private static String HEADER_VALUE = "baeldung.com";
+
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    @Container
+    private static final KafkaContainer KAFKA_CONTAINER = new KafkaContainer(DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest"));
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.addExposedPort(9092);
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "ConsumerGroup1");
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void destroy() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAMessageWithCustomHeaders_whenPublishedToKafkaAndConsumed_thenCheckForCustomHeaders() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        List<Header> headers = new ArrayList<>();
+        headers.add(new RecordHeader(HEADER_KEY, HEADER_VALUE.getBytes()));
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> record1 = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, null, MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE, headers);
+        Future<RecordMetadata> future = producer.send(record1);
+
+        RecordMetadata metadata = future.get();
+
+        assertNotNull(metadata);
+
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_KEY, record.key());
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_VALUE, record.value());
+
+            Headers consumedHeaders = record.headers();
+            assertNotNull(consumedHeaders);
+
+            for (Header header : consumedHeaders) {
+                assertEquals(HEADER_KEY, header.key());
+                assertEquals(HEADER_VALUE, new String(header.value()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-poi/pom.xml

@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@
                 </exclusion>
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.dhatim</groupId>
+            <artifactId>fastexcel</artifactId>
+            <version>${fastexcel.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.dhatim</groupId>
+            <artifactId>fastexcel-reader</artifactId>
+            <version>${fastexcel.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
@@ -52,6 +62,7 @@
     <properties>
         <poi.version>5.2.0</poi.version>
         <jexcel.version>1.0.6</jexcel.version>
+        <fastexcel.version>0.15.3</fastexcel.version>
         <maven.resources.plugin.version>3.2.0</maven.resources.plugin.version>
     </properties>
 

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/fastexcel/FastexcelHelper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.fastexcel;
+
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.Workbook;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.Worksheet;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.Cell;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.ReadableWorkbook;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.Row;
+import org.dhatim.fastexcel.reader.Sheet;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class FastexcelHelper {
+
+    public Map<Integer, List<String>> readExcel(String fileLocation) throws IOException {
+        Map<Integer, List<String>> data = new HashMap<>();
+
+        try (FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(fileLocation); ReadableWorkbook wb = new ReadableWorkbook(file)) {
+            Sheet sheet = wb.getFirstSheet();
+            try (Stream<Row> rows = sheet.openStream()) {
+                rows.forEach(r -> {
+                    data.put(r.getRowNum(), new ArrayList<>());
+
+                    for (Cell cell : r) {
+                        data.get(r.getRowNum()).add(cell.getRawValue());
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    public void writeExcel() throws IOException {
+        File currDir = new File(".");
+        String path = currDir.getAbsolutePath();
+        String fileLocation = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1) + "fastexcel.xlsx";
+
+        try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(Paths.get(fileLocation)); Workbook wb = new Workbook(os, "MyApplication", "1.0")) {
+            Worksheet ws = wb.newWorksheet("Sheet 1");
+
+            ws.width(0, 25);
+            ws.width(1, 15);
+
+            ws.range(0, 0, 0, 1).style().fontName("Arial").fontSize(16).bold().fillColor("3366FF").set();
+            ws.value(0, 0, "Name");
+            ws.value(0, 1, "Age");
+
+            ws.range(2, 0, 2, 1).style().wrapText(true).set();
+            ws.value(2, 0, "John Smith");
+            ws.value(2, 1, 20L);
+        }
+    }
+}

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fastexcel/FastexcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.fastexcel;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class FastexcelIntegrationTest {
+
+    private FastexcelHelper fastexcelHelper;
+    private static String FILE_NAME = "fastexcel.xlsx";
+    private String fileLocation;
+
+    @Before
+    public void generateExcelFile() throws IOException {
+
+        File currDir = new File(".");
+        String path = currDir.getAbsolutePath();
+        fileLocation = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1) + FILE_NAME;
+
+        fastexcelHelper = new FastexcelHelper();
+        fastexcelHelper.writeExcel();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenParsingExcelFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        Map<Integer, List<String>> data = fastexcelHelper.readExcel(fileLocation);
+
+        assertEquals("Name", data.get(1).get(0));
+        assertEquals("Age", data.get(1).get(1));
+
+        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(3).get(0));
+        assertEquals("20", data.get(3).get(1));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void cleanup() {
+        File testFile = new File(fileLocation);
+        if (testFile.exists()) {
+            testFile.delete();
+        }
+    }
+}

aws-modules/aws-s3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/s3/AWSS3ObjectUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.s3;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
+
+import com.amazonaws.AmazonServiceException;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3;
+
+public class AWSS3ObjectUtils {
+
+    private AmazonS3 s3Client;
+
+    public AWSS3ObjectUtils(AmazonS3 s3client) {
+        this.s3Client = s3client;
+    }
+
+    public boolean doesObjectExistByDefaultMethod(String bucket, String key) {
+        return s3Client.doesObjectExist(bucket, key);
+    }
+
+    public boolean doesObjectExistByListObjects(String bucket, String key) {
+        return s3Client.listObjects(bucket)
+            .getObjectSummaries()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(s3ObjectSummary -> s3ObjectSummary.getKey()
+                .equals(key))
+            .findFirst()
+            .isPresent();
+    }
+
+    public boolean doesObjectExistByMetaData(String bucket, String key) {
+        try {
+            s3Client.getObjectMetadata(bucket, key);
+            return true;
+        } catch (AmazonServiceException e) {
+            if (e.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_FOUND) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

aws-modules/aws-s3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/s3/AWSS3ObjectIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.s3;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.amazonaws.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
+import com.amazonaws.regions.Regions;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3ClientBuilder;
+
+public class AWSS3ObjectIntegrationTest {
+
+    private static final String BUCKET = "your-bucket";
+    private static final String KEY_THAT_EXIST = "your-key-that-exist";
+    private AWSS3ObjectUtils s3ObjectUtils;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        AmazonS3 client = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard()
+            .withRegion(Regions.DEFAULT_REGION)
+            .withCredentials(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
+            .build();
+
+        s3ObjectUtils = new AWSS3ObjectUtils(client);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenVerifyIfObjectExistByDefaultMethod_thenCorrect() {
+        assertTrue(s3ObjectUtils.doesObjectExistByDefaultMethod(BUCKET, KEY_THAT_EXIST), "Key: " + KEY_THAT_EXIST + " doesn't exist");
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenVerifyIfObjectExistByListObjects_thenCorrect() {
+        assertTrue(s3ObjectUtils.doesObjectExistByListObjects(BUCKET, KEY_THAT_EXIST), "Key: " + KEY_THAT_EXIST + " doesn't exist");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenVerifyIfObjectExistByMetaData_thenCorrect() {
+        assertTrue(s3ObjectUtils.doesObjectExistByMetaData(BUCKET, KEY_THAT_EXIST), "Key: " + KEY_THAT_EXIST + " doesn't exist");
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+## Relevant Articles
+- [Scoped Values in Java 20](https://www.baeldung.com/java-20-scoped-values)

core-java-modules/core-java-20/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>core-java-20</artifactId>
+
+    <properties>
+        <maven.compiler.source>20</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>20</maven.compiler.target>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    </properties>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>20</source>
+                    <target>20</target>
+                    <compilerArgs>
+                        <arg>--enable-preview</arg>
+                        <arg>--add-modules=jdk.incubator.concurrent</arg>
+                    </compilerArgs>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <argLine>--enable-preview --add-modules=jdk.incubator.concurrent</argLine>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
+            <version>6.0.0</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>3.24.2</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+            <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+            <version>5.2.0</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/classic/Controller.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.classic;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Controller {
+
+    private final Service service = new Service();
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, User loggedInUser) {
+        Optional<Data> data = service.getData(request, loggedInUser);
+        if (data.isPresent()) {
+            try {
+                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+                response.setContentType("application/json");
+                out.print(data.get());
+                out.flush();
+                response.setStatus(200);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                response.setStatus(500);
+            }
+        } else {
+            response.setStatus(400);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/classic/Repository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.classic;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Repository {
+
+    public Optional<Data> getData(String id, User user) {
+        return user.isAdmin()
+                ? Optional.of(new Data(id, "Title 1", "Description 1"))
+                : Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/classic/Server.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.classic;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+
+public class Server {
+
+    private static final List<User> AUTHENTICATED_USERS = List.of(
+            new User("1", "admin", "123456", true),
+            new User("2", "user", "123456", false)
+    );
+    private final Controller controller = new Controller();
+    private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
+
+    public void serve(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        Optional<User> user = authenticateUser(request);
+        if (user.isPresent()) {
+            Future<?> future = executor.submit(() ->
+                    controller.processRequest(request, response, user.get()));
+            future.get();
+        } else {
+            response.setStatus(401);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Optional<User> authenticateUser(HttpServletRequest request) {
+        return AUTHENTICATED_USERS.stream()
+                .filter(user -> checkUserPassword(user, request))
+                .findFirst();
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkUserPassword(User user, HttpServletRequest request) {
+        return user.name().equals(request.getParameter("user_name"))
+                && user.password().equals(request.getParameter("user_pw"));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/classic/Service.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.classic;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Service {
+
+    private final Repository repository = new Repository();
+
+    public Optional<Data> getData(HttpServletRequest request, User loggedInUser) {
+        String id = request.getParameter("data_id");
+        return repository.getData(id, loggedInUser);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/data/Data.java

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data;
+
+public record Data(String id, String title, String description) {}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/data/User.java

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data;
+
+public record User(String id, String name, String password, boolean isAdmin) {}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/Controller.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import jdk.incubator.concurrent.ScopedValue;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Controller {
+
+    private final Service internalService = new Service();
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        Optional<Data> data = internalService.getData(request);
+
+        ScopedValue.where(Server.LOGGED_IN_USER, null)
+                .run(internalService::extractData);
+
+        if (data.isPresent()) {
+            try {
+                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+                response.setContentType("application/json");
+                out.print(data.get());
+                out.flush();
+                response.setStatus(200);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                response.setStatus(500);
+            }
+        } else {
+            response.setStatus(400);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/Repository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Repository {
+
+    public Optional<Data> getData(String id) {
+        User loggedInUser = Server.LOGGED_IN_USER.get();
+        return loggedInUser.isAdmin()
+                ? Optional.of(new Data(id, "Title 1", "Description 1"))
+                : Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/Server.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import jdk.incubator.concurrent.ScopedValue;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Server {
+
+    private static final List<User> AUTHENTICATED_USERS = List.of(
+            new User("1", "admin", "123456", true),
+            new User("2", "user", "123456", false)
+    );
+    public final static ScopedValue<User> LOGGED_IN_USER = ScopedValue.newInstance();
+    private final Controller controller = new Controller();
+
+    public void serve(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        Optional<User> user = authenticateUser(request);
+        if (user.isPresent()) {
+            ScopedValue.where(LOGGED_IN_USER, user.get())
+                    .run(() -> controller.processRequest(request, response));
+        } else {
+            response.setStatus(401);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Optional<User> authenticateUser(HttpServletRequest request) {
+        return AUTHENTICATED_USERS.stream()
+                .filter(user -> checkUserPassword(user, request))
+                .findFirst();
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkUserPassword(User user, HttpServletRequest request) {
+        return user.name().equals(request.getParameter("user_name"))
+                && user.password().equals(request.getParameter("user_pw"));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/Service.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Service {
+
+    private final Repository repository = new Repository();
+
+    public Optional<Data> getData(HttpServletRequest request) {
+        String id = request.getParameter("data_id");
+        return repository.getData(id);
+    }
+
+    public void extractData() {
+        User loggedInUser = Server.LOGGED_IN_USER.get();
+        assert loggedInUser == null;
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/inheriting/Controller.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped.inheriting;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import jdk.incubator.concurrent.StructuredTaskScope;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+public class Controller {
+
+    private final InternalService internalService = new InternalService();
+    private final ExternalService externalService = new ExternalService();
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        try (var scope = new StructuredTaskScope.ShutdownOnFailure()) {
+            Future<Optional<Data>> internalData = scope.fork(() -> internalService.getData(request));
+            Future<String> externalData = scope.fork(externalService::getData);
+            try {
+                scope.join();
+                scope.throwIfFailed();
+
+                Optional<Data> data = internalData.resultNow();
+                if (data.isPresent()) {
+                    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+                    response.setContentType("application/json");
+                    out.println(data.get());
+                    out.print(externalData.resultNow());
+                    out.flush();
+                    response.setStatus(200);
+                } else {
+                    response.setStatus(400);
+                }
+            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | IOException e) {
+                response.setStatus(500);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/inheriting/ExternalService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped.inheriting;
+
+public class ExternalService {
+
+    public String getData() {
+        return "External data";
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/inheriting/InternalService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped.inheriting;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class InternalService {
+
+    private final Repository repository = new Repository();
+
+    public Optional<Data> getData(HttpServletRequest request) {
+        String id = request.getParameter("data_id");
+        return repository.getData(id);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/inheriting/Repository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped.inheriting;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.Data;
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Repository {
+
+    public Optional<Data> getData(String id) {
+        User loggedInUser = Server.LOGGED_IN_USER.get();
+        return loggedInUser.isAdmin()
+                ? Optional.of(new Data(id, "Title 1", "Description 1"))
+                : Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/main/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/inheriting/Server.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped.inheriting;
+
+import com.baeldung.scopedvalues.data.User;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import jdk.incubator.concurrent.ScopedValue;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Server {
+
+    private static final List<User> AUTHENTICATED_USERS = List.of(
+            new User("1", "admin", "123456", true),
+            new User("2", "user", "123456", false)
+    );
+    public final static ScopedValue<User> LOGGED_IN_USER = ScopedValue.newInstance();
+    private final Controller controller = new Controller();
+
+    public void serve(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        Optional<User> user = authenticateUser(request);
+        if (user.isPresent()) {
+            ScopedValue.where(LOGGED_IN_USER, user.get())
+                    .run(() -> controller.processRequest(request, response));
+        } else {
+            response.setStatus(401);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Optional<User> authenticateUser(HttpServletRequest request) {
+        return AUTHENTICATED_USERS.stream()
+                .filter(user -> checkUserPassword(user, request))
+                .findFirst();
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkUserPassword(User user, HttpServletRequest request) {
+        return user.name().equals(request.getParameter("user_name"))
+                && user.password().equals(request.getParameter("user_pw"));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/test/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/classic/ServerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.classic;
+
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+public class ServerUnitTest {
+
+    @Mock
+    private HttpServletRequest request;
+
+    @Mock
+    private HttpServletResponse response;
+
+    private final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+
+    private final Server server = new Server();
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMockedRequestWithAdminCredentials_whenServeMethodIsCalled_thenDataIsReturned() throws InterruptedException, IOException, ExecutionException {
+        when(request.getParameter("user_name")).thenReturn("admin");
+        when(request.getParameter("user_pw")).thenReturn("123456");
+        when(request.getParameter("data_id")).thenReturn("1");
+        when(response.getWriter()).thenReturn(new PrintWriter(writer));
+
+        server.serve(request, response);
+
+        assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo("Data[id=1, title=Title 1, description=Description 1]");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMockedRequestWithUserCredentials_whenServeMethodIsCalled_thenNoDataIsReturned() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        when(request.getParameter("user_name")).thenReturn("user");
+        when(request.getParameter("user_pw")).thenReturn("123456");
+
+        server.serve(request, response);
+
+        assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo("");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/test/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/ServerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped;
+
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+public class ServerUnitTest {
+
+    @Mock
+    private HttpServletRequest request;
+
+    @Mock
+    private HttpServletResponse response;
+
+    private final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+
+    private final Server server = new Server();
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMockedRequestWithAdminCredentials_whenServeMethodIsCalled_thenDataIsReturned() throws IOException {
+        when(request.getParameter("user_name")).thenReturn("admin");
+        when(request.getParameter("user_pw")).thenReturn("123456");
+        when(request.getParameter("data_id")).thenReturn("1");
+        when(response.getWriter()).thenReturn(new PrintWriter(writer));
+
+        server.serve(request, response);
+
+        assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo("Data[id=1, title=Title 1, description=Description 1]");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMockedRequestWithUserCredentials_whenServeMethodIsCalled_thenNoDataIsReturned() throws IOException {
+        when(request.getParameter("user_name")).thenReturn("user");
+        when(request.getParameter("user_pw")).thenReturn("123456");
+
+        server.serve(request, response);
+
+        assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo("");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-20/src/test/java/com/baeldung/scopedvalues/scoped/inheriting/ServerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.scopedvalues.scoped.inheriting;
+
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+public class ServerUnitTest {
+
+    @Mock
+    private HttpServletRequest request;
+
+    @Mock
+    private HttpServletResponse response;
+
+    private final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+
+    private final Server server = new Server();
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMockedRequestWithAdminCredentials_whenServeMethodIsCalled_thenDataIsReturned() throws IOException {
+        when(request.getParameter("user_name")).thenReturn("admin");
+        when(request.getParameter("user_pw")).thenReturn("123456");
+        when(request.getParameter("data_id")).thenReturn("1");
+        when(response.getWriter()).thenReturn(new PrintWriter(writer));
+
+        server.serve(request, response);
+
+        assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo("Data[id=1, title=Title 1, description=Description 1]\nExternal data");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMockedRequestWithUserCredentials_whenServeMethodIsCalled_thenNoDataIsReturned() throws IOException {
+        when(request.getParameter("user_name")).thenReturn("user");
+        when(request.getParameter("user_pw")).thenReturn("123456");
+
+        server.serve(request, response);
+
+        assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo("");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/README.md

@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ This module contains articles about Java array fundamentals. They assume no prev
 - [Removing the First Element of an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-remove-first-element)
 - [Extending an Array’s Length](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-add-element-at-the-end)
 - [Initializing a Boolean Array in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-initializing-boolean-array)
+- [Find the Index of an Element in a Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-find-index)
+- [Comparing Two Byte Arrays in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-comparing-byte-arrays)

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arrayindex/ArrayIndex.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.arrayindex;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+class ArrayIndex {
+    static int forLoop(int[] numbers, int target) {
+        for (int index = 0; index < numbers.length; index++) {
+            if (numbers[index] == target) {
+                return index;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    static int listIndexOf(Integer[] numbers, int target) {
+        List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(numbers);
+        return list.indexOf(target);
+    }
+
+    static int intStream(int[] numbers, int target) {
+        return IntStream.range(0, numbers.length)
+          .filter(i -> numbers[i] == target)
+          .findFirst()
+          .orElse(-1);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/src/test/java/com/baeldung/array/compare/CompareByteArraysUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.compare;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class CompareByteArraysUnitTest {
+    private final static String INPUT = "I am a magic string.";
+    private final static byte[] ARRAY1 = INPUT.getBytes();
+    private final static byte[] ARRAY2 = INPUT.getBytes();
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUsingEqualsSign_thenTwoArraysAreNotEqual() {
+        assertFalse(ARRAY1 == ARRAY2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUsingEquals_thenTwoArraysAreNotEqual() {
+        assertFalse(ARRAY1.equals(ARRAY2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUsingArrayEquals_thenTwoArraysAreEqual() {
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(ARRAY1, ARRAY2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenComparingStringArrays_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+        String[] strArray1 = new String[] { "Java", "is", "great" };
+        String[] strArray2 = new String[] { "Java", "is", "great" };
+
+        assertFalse(strArray1 == strArray2);
+        assertFalse(strArray1.equals(strArray2));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(strArray1, strArray2));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arrayindex/ArrayIndexUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package com.baeldung.arrayindex;
+
+import static com.baeldung.arrayindex.ArrayIndex.forLoop;
+import static com.baeldung.arrayindex.ArrayIndex.intStream;
+import static com.baeldung.arrayindex.ArrayIndex.listIndexOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
+
+class ArrayIndexUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseForLoop_thenWillGetElementIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(2, forLoop(numbers, 30));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseForLoop_thenWillGetElementMinusOneIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, forLoop(numbers, 100));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseIndexOf_thenWillGetElementIndex() {
+        Integer[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(2, listIndexOf(numbers, 30));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseIndexOf_thenWillGetElementMinusOneIndex() {
+        Integer[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, listIndexOf(numbers, 100));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseIntStream_thenWillGetElementIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(2, intStream(numbers, 30));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseIntStream_thenWillGetElementMinusOneIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, intStream(numbers, 100));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseBinarySearch_thenWillGetElementIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(2, Arrays.binarySearch(numbers, 30));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseBinarySearch_thenWillGetUpperBoundMinusIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-6, Arrays.binarySearch(numbers, 100));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseBinarySearch_thenWillGetInArrayMinusIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-2, Arrays.binarySearch(numbers, 15));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseBinarySearch_thenWillGetLowerBoundMinusIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, Arrays.binarySearch(numbers, -15));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseApacheCommons_thenWillGetElementIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(numbers, 30));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseApacheCommonsStartingFromIndex_thenWillGetNegativeIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(numbers, 30, 3));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseApacheCommons_thenWillGetElementMinusOneIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(numbers, 100));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseGuavaInts_thenWillGetElementIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(2, Ints.indexOf(numbers, 30));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenIntegerArray_whenUseGuavaInts_thenWillGetElementMinusOneIndex() {
+        int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
+        assertEquals(-1, Ints.indexOf(numbers, 100));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-char/README.md

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ This module contains articles about Java Character Class
 
 ### Relevant Articles: 
 - [Character#isAlphabetic vs. Character#isLetter](https://www.baeldung.com/java-character-isletter-isalphabetic)
+- [Difference Between Java’s “char” and “String”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-char-vs-string)

core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/charandstring/DifferenceBetweenCharAndStringUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.charandstring;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class DifferenceBetweenCharAndStringUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPlusTwoChars_thenGetSumAsInteger() {
+        char h = 'H'; // the value is 72
+        char i = 'i'; // the value is 105
+        assertEquals(177, h + i);
+        assertInstanceOf(Integer.class, h + i);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPlusTwoStrings_thenConcatenateThem() {
+        String i = "i";
+        String h = "H";
+        assertEquals("Hi", h + i);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPlusCharsAndStrings_thenGetExpectedValues() {
+        char c = 'C';
+        assertEquals("C", "" + c);
+
+        char h = 'H'; // the value is 72
+        char i = 'i'; // the value is 105
+        assertEquals("Hi", "" + h + i);
+        assertEquals("Hi", h + "" + i);
+        assertEquals("177", h + i + "");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenStringChars_thenGetCharArray() {
+        char h = 'h';
+        char e = 'e';
+        char l = 'l';
+        char o = 'o';
+
+        String hello = "hello";
+        assertEquals(h, hello.charAt(0));
+        assertEquals(e, hello.charAt(1));
+        assertEquals(l, hello.charAt(2));
+        assertEquals(l, hello.charAt(3));
+        assertEquals(o, hello.charAt(4));
+
+        char[] chars = new char[] { h, e, l, l, o };
+        char[] charsFromString = hello.toCharArray();
+        assertArrayEquals(chars, charsFromString);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-5/pom.xml

@@ -1,34 +1,41 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>core-java-collections-list-5</artifactId>
-    <name>core-java-collections-list-5</name>
-    <packaging>jar</packaging>
-
-    <parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
-        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
-        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    </parent>
-
-    <dependencies>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
-            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
-            <version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
-            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
-            <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-    </dependencies>
-
-    <properties>
-        <commons-lang.version>2.2</commons-lang.version>
-        <commons-lang3.version>3.12.0</commons-lang3.version>
-    </properties>
-
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-collections-list-5</artifactId>
+    <name>core-java-collections-list-5</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+	<dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
+            <version>1.36</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+            <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <properties>
+	<jmh.version>1.21</jmh.version>
+        <commons-lang.version>2.2</commons-lang.version>
+        <commons-lang3.version>3.12.0</commons-lang3.version>
+    </properties>
+
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arrayandlistperformance/ArrayAndArrayListPerformance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.arrayandlistperformance;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+@State(Scope.Benchmark)
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+public class ArrayAndArrayListPerformance {
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayCreation() {
+        int[] array = new int[1000000];
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayListCreation() {
+        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(1000000);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayItemSetting() {
+        int[] array = new int[1000000];
+        array[0] = 10;
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayListItemSetting() {
+        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(1000000);
+        list.add(0, 10);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayItemRetrieval() {
+        int[] array = new int[1000000];
+        array[0] = 10;
+        int item = array[0];
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayListItemRetrieval() {
+        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(1000000);
+        list.add(0, 10);
+        int item2 = list.get(0);
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayCloning() {
+        int[] array = new int[1000000];
+        int[] newArray = array.clone();
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void arrayListCloning() {
+        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(1000000);
+        ArrayList<Integer> newList = new ArrayList<>(list);
+    }
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner runner = new org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner(new OptionsBuilder()
+                .include(ArrayAndArrayListPerformance.class.getSimpleName())
+                .forks(1)
+                .build());
+        runner.run();
+    }
+    }

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/producerconsumer/Consumer.java

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package com.baeldung.producerconsumer;
 
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
 public class Consumer implements Runnable {
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Consumer.class.getCanonicalName());
     private final DataQueue dataQueue;
 
     public Consumer(DataQueue dataQueue) {
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ public class Consumer implements Runnable {
 
     public void consume() {
         while (dataQueue.runFlag) {
-            synchronized (this) {
+            synchronized (dataQueue) {
                 while (dataQueue.isEmpty() && dataQueue.runFlag) {
                     try {
                         dataQueue.waitOnEmpty();
@@ -31,12 +34,13 @@ public class Consumer implements Runnable {
                 useMessage(message);
             }
         }
-        System.out.println("Consumer Stopped");
+        log.info("Consumer Stopped");
     }
 
     private void useMessage(Message message) {
         if (message != null) {
-            System.out.printf("[%s] Consuming Message. Id: %d, Data: %f\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), message.getId(), message.getData());
+            log.info(String.format("[%s] Consuming Message. Id: %d, Data: %f%n",
+                Thread.currentThread().getName(), message.getId(), message.getData()));
 
             //Sleeping on random time to make it realistic
             ThreadUtil.sleep((long) (message.getData() * 100));

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/producerconsumer/Producer.java

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package com.baeldung.producerconsumer;
 
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
 public class Producer implements Runnable {
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Producer.class.getCanonicalName());
     private final DataQueue dataQueue;
 
     private static int idSequence = 0;
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@ public class Producer implements Runnable {
 
     public void produce() {
         while (dataQueue.runFlag) {
-            synchronized (this) {
+            synchronized (dataQueue) {
                 while (dataQueue.isFull() && dataQueue.runFlag) {
                     try {
                         dataQueue.waitOnFull();
@@ -33,12 +36,13 @@ public class Producer implements Runnable {
                 dataQueue.notifyAllForEmpty();
             }
         }
-        System.out.println("Producer Stopped");
+        log.info("Producer Stopped");
     }
 
     private Message generateMessage() {
-        Message message = new Message(++idSequence, Math.random());
-        System.out.printf("[%s] Generated Message. Id: %d, Data: %f\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), message.getId(), message.getData());
+        Message message = new Message(incrementAndGetId(), Math.random());
+        log.info(String.format("[%s] Generated Message. Id: %d, Data: %f%n",
+            Thread.currentThread().getName(), message.getId(), message.getData()));
 
         //Sleeping on random time to make it realistic
         ThreadUtil.sleep((long) (message.getData() * 100));
@@ -46,6 +50,10 @@ public class Producer implements Runnable {
         return message;
     }
 
+    private static int incrementAndGetId() {
+        return ++idSequence;
+    }
+
     public void stop() {
         dataQueue.runFlag = false;
         dataQueue.notifyAllForFull();

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/producerconsumer/SimpleProducerConsumerDemonstrator.java

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ package com.baeldung.producerconsumer;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
 import static com.baeldung.producerconsumer.ThreadUtil.sleep;
 
 public class SimpleProducerConsumerDemonstrator {
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SimpleProducerConsumerDemonstrator.class.getCanonicalName());
     BlockingQueue<Double> blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(5);
 
     private void produce() {
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ public class SimpleProducerConsumerDemonstrator {
                 e.printStackTrace();
                 break;
             }
-            System.out.printf("[%s] Value produced: %f\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), value);
+            log.info(String.format("[%s] Value produced: %f%n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), value));
         }
     }
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ public class SimpleProducerConsumerDemonstrator {
                 break;
             }
             // Consume value
-            System.out.printf("[%s] Value consumed: %f\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), value);
+            log.info(String.format("[%s] Value consumed: %f%n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), value));
         }
     }
 

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-3/README.md

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ This module contains articles about basic Java concurrency.
 
 - [How to Handle InterruptedException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-interrupted-exception)
 - [Thread.sleep() vs Awaitility.await()](https://www.baeldung.com/java-thread-sleep-vs-awaitility-await)
+- [Is CompletableFuture Non-blocking?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-completablefuture-non-blocking)
 - [[<-- Prev]](../core-java-concurrency-basic-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/completablefuture/NonBlockingExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.completablefuture;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+
+public class NonBlockingExample {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NonBlockingExample.class);
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Baeldung")
+          .thenApply(String::length)
+          .thenAccept(s -> logger.info(String.valueOf(s)));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/RequestProcessorUnitTest.java

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ public class RequestProcessorUnitTest {
     void whenWaitingWithThreadSleep_thenStatusIsDone() throws InterruptedException {
         String requestId = requestProcessor.processRequest();
 
-        Thread.sleep(2000);
+        //The sleep value should be greater than the maximum time the request takes to complete
+        Thread.sleep(2010);
 
         assertEquals("DONE", requestProcessor.getStatus(requestId));
     }
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@ public class RequestProcessorUnitTest {
         String requestId = requestProcessor.processRequest();
 
         Awaitility.await()
-          .atMost(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+           //The timeout value should exceed the maximum time the request takes to complete, for the time amount of a poll (500 ms)
+          .atMost(2501, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
           .pollDelay(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
           .until(() -> requestProcessor.getStatus(requestId), not(equalTo("PROCESSING")));
 

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/completablefuture/BlockingUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.completablefuture;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+class BlockingUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void givenCompletableFuture_whenGet_thenReturnResult()
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture
+          .supplyAsync(() -> "Baeldung")
+          .thenApply(String::toUpperCase);
+
+        assertEquals("BAELDUNG", completableFuture.get());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenCompletableFuture_whenJoin_thenReturnResult() {
+        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture
+          .supplyAsync(() -> "Blocking")
+          .thenApply(s -> s + " Operation")
+          .thenApply(String::toLowerCase);
+
+        assertEquals("blocking operation", completableFuture.join());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/BlockingQueueUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.queue;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class BlockingQueueUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArrayBlockingQueue_whenAddedElements_thenReturnQueueRemainingCapacity() {
+        BlockingQueue<String> arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10);
+        arrayBlockingQueue.add("TestString1");
+        arrayBlockingQueue.add("TestString2");
+        assertEquals(8, arrayBlockingQueue.remainingCapacity());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLinkedBlockingQueue_whenAddedElements_thenReturnQueueRemainingCapacity() {
+        BlockingQueue<String> linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(10);
+        linkedBlockingQueue.add("TestString1");
+        assertEquals(9, linkedBlockingQueue.remainingCapacity());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/README.md

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ This module contains articles about core Java input/output(IO) APIs.
 - [Constructing a Relative Path From Two Absolute Paths in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-relative-path-absolute)
 - [Java Scanner Taking a Character Input](https://www.baeldung.com/java-scanner-character-input)
 - [Get the Desktop Path in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-desktop-path)
-
+- [Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine()) and scanner.nextInt() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-scanner-integer)
+- [Difference Between FileReader and BufferedReader in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filereader-vs-bufferedreader)

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/pom.xml

@@ -1,46 +1,115 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>core-java-io-apis-2</artifactId>
-    <name>core-java-io-apis-2</name>
-    <packaging>jar</packaging>
-
-    <parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
-        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
-        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    </parent>
-
-    <dependencies>
-        <!-- logging -->
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
-            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
-            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency> <!-- needed to bridge to slf4j for projects that use the log4j APIs directly -->
-            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
-            <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
-            <version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
-            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
-            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
-            <scope>provided</scope>
-        </dependency>
-    </dependencies>
-
-    <build>
-        <finalName>core-java-io-apis-2</finalName>
-        <resources>
-            <resource>
-                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
-                <filtering>true</filtering>
-            </resource>
-        </resources>
-    </build>
-
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-io-apis-2</artifactId>
+    <name>core-java-io-apis-2</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <!-- logging -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency> <!-- needed to bridge to slf4j for projects that use the log4j APIs directly -->
+            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
+            <version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+            <version>5.7.2</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <!-- this is all you need to write tests with JUnit Jupiter -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit-jupiter-version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <!-- this dependency is needed to create parameterized tests -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit-jupiter-version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <!-- contains the engine that actually runs the Jupiter-tests -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit-jupiter-version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
+            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
+            <version>7.1.0</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
+            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
+            <version>7.5</version>
+            <scope>compile</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <properties>
+        <junit-jupiter-version>5.2.0</junit-jupiter-version>
+    </properties>
+    <build>
+        <finalName>core-java-io-apis-2</finalName>
+        <resources>
+            <resource>
+                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+                <filtering>true</filtering>
+            </resource>
+        </resources>
+    </build>
+
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/multinput/MultiInputs.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.baeldung.multinput;
+
+import java.util.InputMismatchException;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+public class MultiInputs {
+    public void UsingSpaceDelimiter(){
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
+        System.out.print("Enter two numbers: ");
+        int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
+        int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
+        System.out.println("You entered " + num1 + " and " + num2);
+
+    }
+    public void UsingREDelimiter(){
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
+        scanner.useDelimiter("[\\s,]+");
+        System.out.print("Enter two numbers separated by a space or a comma: ");
+        int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
+        int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
+        System.out.println("You entered " + num1 + " and " + num2);
+
+    }
+    public void UsingCustomDelimiter(){
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
+        scanner.useDelimiter(";");
+        System.out.print("Enter two numbers separated by a semicolon: ");
+        try { int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
+            int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
+            System.out.println("You entered " + num1 + " and " + num2); }
+        catch (InputMismatchException e)
+        { System.out.println("Invalid input. Please enter two integers separated by a semicolon."); }
+
+    }
+}
+

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/absolutetorelative/AbsoluteToRelativeUnitTest.java

@@ -1,93 +1,92 @@
-package com.baeldung.absolutetorelative;
-
-import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import java.net.URI;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
-
-public class AbsoluteToRelativeUnitTest {
-
-    // given - until using Paths, no need to create physical files
-    private final Path pathOne = Paths.get("/baeldung/bar/one.txt");
-    private final Path pathTwo = Paths.get("/baeldung/bar/two.txt");
-    private final Path pathThree = Paths.get("/baeldung/foo/three.txt");
-
-    private final URI uriOne = pathOne.toUri();
-    private final URI uriTwo = pathTwo.toUri();
-    private final URI uriThree = pathThree.toUri();
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathOneToPathTwo_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
-        Path result = pathOne.relativize(pathTwo);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .isRelative()
-                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../two.txt"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathTwoToPathOne_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
-        Path result = pathTwo.relativize(pathOne);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .isRelative()
-                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../one.txt"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathOneParentToPathTwo_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
-        Path result = pathOne.getParent().relativize(pathTwo);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .isRelative()
-                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("two.txt"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathOneToPathThree_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
-        Path result = pathOne.relativize(pathThree);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .isRelative()
-                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../../foo/three.txt"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathThreeToPathOne_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
-        Path result = pathThree.relativize(pathOne);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .isRelative()
-                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../../bar/one.txt"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsoluteURIs_whenRelativizeUriOneToUriTwo_thenAbsoluteIsReturned() {
-        URI result = uriOne.relativize(uriTwo);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .asString()
-                .contains("/baeldung/bar/two.txt");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsoluteURIs_whenRelativizeUriOneParentToUriTwo_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
-        URI result = pathOne.getParent().toUri().relativize(uriTwo);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .asString()
-                .contains("two.txt");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenAbsoluteURIs_whenRelativizeUriOneParentToUriThree_thenAbsoluteIsReturned() {
-        URI result = pathOne.getParent().toUri().relativize(uriThree);
-
-        Assertions.assertThat(result)
-                .asString()
-                .contains("/baeldung/foo/three.txt");
-    }
-
-}
+package com.baeldung.absolutetorelative;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class AbsoluteToRelativeUnitTest {
+
+    // given - until using Paths, no need to create physical files
+    private final Path pathOne = Paths.get("/baeldung/bar/one.txt");
+    private final Path pathTwo = Paths.get("/baeldung/bar/two.txt");
+    private final Path pathThree = Paths.get("/baeldung/foo/three.txt");
+
+    private final URI uriOne = pathOne.toUri();
+    private final URI uriTwo = pathTwo.toUri();
+    private final URI uriThree = pathThree.toUri();
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathOneToPathTwo_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
+        Path result = pathOne.relativize(pathTwo);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .isRelative()
+                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../two.txt"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathTwoToPathOne_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
+        Path result = pathTwo.relativize(pathOne);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .isRelative()
+                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../one.txt"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathOneParentToPathTwo_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
+        Path result = pathOne.getParent().relativize(pathTwo);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .isRelative()
+                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("two.txt"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathOneToPathThree_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
+        Path result = pathOne.relativize(pathThree);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .isRelative()
+                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../../foo/three.txt"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsolutePaths_whenRelativizePathThreeToPathOne_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
+        Path result = pathThree.relativize(pathOne);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .isRelative()
+                .isEqualTo(Paths.get("../../bar/one.txt"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsoluteURIs_whenRelativizeUriOneToUriTwo_thenAbsoluteIsReturned() {
+        URI result = uriOne.relativize(uriTwo);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .asString()
+                .contains("/baeldung/bar/two.txt");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsoluteURIs_whenRelativizeUriOneParentToUriTwo_thenRelativeIsReturned() {
+        URI result = pathOne.getParent().toUri().relativize(uriTwo);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .asString()
+                .contains("two.txt");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenAbsoluteURIs_whenRelativizeUriOneParentToUriThree_thenAbsoluteIsReturned() {
+        URI result = pathOne.getParent().toUri().relativize(uriThree);
+
+        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(result)
+                .asString()
+                .contains("/baeldung/foo/three.txt");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/bufferedreadervsfilereader/BufferedReaderUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.bufferedreadervsfilereader;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+public class BufferedReaderUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReadingAFile_thenReadsLineByLine() {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+
+        try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("src/test/resources/sampleText1.txt"))) {
+            String line;
+
+            while((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                result.append(line);
+                result.append('\n');
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("first line\nsecond line\nthird line\n", result.toString());
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/bufferedreadervsfilereader/FileReaderUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.bufferedreadervsfilereader;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class FileReaderUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenReadingAFile_thenReadsCharByChar() {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+
+        try (FileReader fr = new FileReader("src/test/resources/sampleText2.txt")) {
+            int i = fr.read();
+
+            while(i != -1) {
+                result.append((char)i);
+
+                i = fr.read();
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("qwerty", result.toString());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/multinput/TestMultipleInputsUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.multinput;
+    import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+    import java.io.InputStream;
+    import java.util.InputMismatchException;
+    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+import com.baeldung.multinput.MultiInputs;
+public class TestMultipleInputsUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultipleInputs_whenUsingSpaceDelimiter_thenExpectPrintingOutputs() {
+        String input = "10 20\n";
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(input.getBytes());
+        System.setIn(in);
+        MultiInputs mi = new MultiInputs();
+        mi.UsingSpaceDelimiter();
+        // You can add assertions here to verify the behavior of the method
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultipleInputs_whenUsingREDelimiter_thenExpectPrintingOutputs() {
+        String input = "30, 40\n";
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(input.getBytes());
+        System.setIn(in);
+        MultiInputs mi = new MultiInputs();
+        mi.UsingREDelimiter();
+        // You can add assertions here to verify the behavior of the method
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenMultipleInputs_whenUsingCustomDelimiter_thenExpectPrintingOutputs() {
+        String input = "50; 60\n";
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(input.getBytes());
+        System.setIn(in);
+        MultiInputs mi = new MultiInputs();
+        mi.UsingCustomDelimiter();
+        // You can add assertions here to verify the behavior of the method
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInvalidInput_whenUsingSpaceDelimiter_thenExpectInputMismatchException() {
+        String input = "abc\n";
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(input.getBytes());
+        System.setIn(in);
+        MultiInputs mi = new MultiInputs();
+        Assertions.assertThrows(InputMismatchException.class, mi::UsingSpaceDelimiter);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/path/DesktopPathUnitTest.java

@@ -1,29 +1,27 @@
-package com.baeldung.path;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import java.io.File;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import javax.swing.filechooser.FileSystemView;
-
-public class DesktopPathUnitTest {
-    // Adapt DESKTOP_PATH variable to your own system path
-    // private static final String DESKTOP_PATH = "C:\\Users\\HRAF\\Desktop";
-
-    @Test
-    public void whenUsingGetUserHomeProperty_thenShouldEqualDesktopPath() {
-        String desktopPath = System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator + "Desktop";
-        // assertEquals(DESKTOP_PATH, desktopPath);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void whenUsingFileSystemViewGetHomeDirectory_thenShouldEqualDesktopPath() {
-        FileSystemView view = FileSystemView.getFileSystemView();
-        File file = view.getHomeDirectory();
-        String path = file.getPath();
-        // assertEquals(DESKTOP_PATH, path);
-    }
-
-}
+package com.baeldung.path;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import javax.swing.filechooser.FileSystemView;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class DesktopPathUnitTest {
+    // Adapt DESKTOP_PATH variable to your own system path
+    // private static final String DESKTOP_PATH = "C:\\Users\\HRAF\\Desktop";
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingGetUserHomeProperty_thenShouldEqualDesktopPath() {
+        String desktopPath = System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator + "Desktop";
+        // assertEquals(DESKTOP_PATH, desktopPath);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingFileSystemViewGetHomeDirectory_thenShouldEqualDesktopPath() {
+        FileSystemView view = FileSystemView.getFileSystemView();
+        File file = view.getHomeDirectory();
+        String path = file.getPath();
+        // assertEquals(DESKTOP_PATH, path);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/scanner/NextLineVsNextIntUnitTest.java

@@ -1,85 +1,85 @@
-package com.baeldung.scanner;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
-
-import java.util.InputMismatchException;
-import java.util.Scanner;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-public class NextLineVsNextIntUnitTest {
-
-    @Test
-    void whenInputLineIsNumber_thenNextLineAndNextIntBothWork() {
-        String input = "42\n";
-
-        //nextLine()
-        Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(input);
-        int num1 = Integer.parseInt(sc1.nextLine());
-        assertEquals(42, num1);
-
-        //nextInt()
-        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
-        int num2 = sc2.nextInt();
-        assertEquals(42, num2);
-
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void whenInputIsNotValidNumber_thenNextLineAndNextIntThrowDifferentException() {
-        String input = "Nan\n";
-
-        //nextLine() -> NumberFormatException
-        Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(input);
-        assertThrows(NumberFormatException.class, () -> Integer.parseInt(sc1.nextLine()));
-
-        //nextInt() -> InputMismatchException
-        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
-        assertThrows(InputMismatchException.class, sc2::nextInt);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void whenUsingNextInt_thenTheNextTokenAfterItFailsToParseIsNotConsumed() {
-        String input = "42 is a magic number\n";
-
-        //nextInt() to read '42'
-        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
-        int num2 = sc2.nextInt();
-        assertEquals(42, num2);
-
-        // call nextInt() again on "is"
-        assertThrows(InputMismatchException.class, sc2::nextInt);
-
-        String theNextToken = sc2.next();
-        assertEquals("is", theNextToken);
-
-        theNextToken = sc2.next();
-        assertEquals("a", theNextToken);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void whenReadingTwoInputLines_thenNextLineAndNextIntBehaveDifferently() {
-
-        String input = new StringBuilder().append("42\n")
-          .append("It is a magic number.\n")
-          .toString();
-
-        //nextLine()
-        Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(input);
-        int num1 = Integer.parseInt(sc1.nextLine());
-        String nextLineText1 = sc1.nextLine();
-        assertEquals(42, num1);
-        assertEquals("It is a magic number.", nextLineText1);
-
-        //nextInt()
-        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
-        int num2 = sc2.nextInt();
-        assertEquals(42, num2);
-
-        // nextInt() leaves the newline character (\n) behind
-        String nextLineText2 = sc2.nextLine();
-        assertEquals("", nextLineText2);
-    }
-
+package com.baeldung.scanner;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import java.util.InputMismatchException;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class NextLineVsNextIntUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenInputLineIsNumber_thenNextLineAndNextIntBothWork() {
+        String input = "42\n";
+
+        //nextLine()
+        Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(input);
+        int num1 = Integer.parseInt(sc1.nextLine());
+        assertEquals(42, num1);
+
+        //nextInt()
+        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
+        int num2 = sc2.nextInt();
+        assertEquals(42, num2);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenInputIsNotValidNumber_thenNextLineAndNextIntThrowDifferentException() {
+        String input = "Nan\n";
+
+        //nextLine() -> NumberFormatException
+        Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(input);
+        assertThrows(NumberFormatException.class, () -> Integer.parseInt(sc1.nextLine()));
+
+        //nextInt() -> InputMismatchException
+        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
+        assertThrows(InputMismatchException.class, sc2::nextInt);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUsingNextInt_thenTheNextTokenAfterItFailsToParseIsNotConsumed() {
+        String input = "42 is a magic number\n";
+
+        //nextInt() to read '42'
+        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
+        int num2 = sc2.nextInt();
+        assertEquals(42, num2);
+
+        // call nextInt() again on "is"
+        assertThrows(InputMismatchException.class, sc2::nextInt);
+
+        String theNextToken = sc2.next();
+        assertEquals("is", theNextToken);
+
+        theNextToken = sc2.next();
+        assertEquals("a", theNextToken);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenReadingTwoInputLines_thenNextLineAndNextIntBehaveDifferently() {
+
+        String input = new StringBuilder().append("42\n")
+          .append("It is a magic number.\n")
+          .toString();
+
+        //nextLine()
+        Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(input);
+        int num1 = Integer.parseInt(sc1.nextLine());
+        String nextLineText1 = sc1.nextLine();
+        assertEquals(42, num1);
+        assertEquals("It is a magic number.", nextLineText1);
+
+        //nextInt()
+        Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(input);
+        int num2 = sc2.nextInt();
+        assertEquals(42, num2);
+
+        // nextInt() leaves the newline character (\n) behind
+        String nextLineText2 = sc2.nextLine();
+        assertEquals("", nextLineText2);
+    }
+
 }

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/scanner/ScanACharacterUnitTest.java

@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
-package com.baeldung.scanner;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-
-import java.util.Scanner;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-public class ScanACharacterUnitTest {
-
-    // given - input scanner source, no need to scan from console
-    String input = new StringBuilder().append("abc\n")
-      .append("mno\n")
-      .append("xyz\n")
-      .toString();
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenInputSource_whenScanCharUsingNext_thenOneCharIsRead() {
-        Scanner sc = new Scanner(input);
-        char c = sc.next().charAt(0);
-        assertEquals('a', c);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenInputSource_whenScanCharUsingFindInLine_thenOneCharIsRead() {
-        Scanner sc = new Scanner(input);
-        char c = sc.findInLine(".").charAt(0);
-        assertEquals('a', c);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenInputSource_whenScanCharUsingUseDelimiter_thenOneCharIsRead() {
-        Scanner sc = new Scanner(input);
-        char c = sc.useDelimiter("").next().charAt(0);
-        assertEquals('a', c);
-    }
-
-}
+package com.baeldung.scanner;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ScanACharacterUnitTest {
+
+    // given - input scanner source, no need to scan from console
+    String input = new StringBuilder().append("abc\n")
+      .append("mno\n")
+      .append("xyz\n")
+      .toString();
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInputSource_whenScanCharUsingNext_thenOneCharIsRead() {
+        Scanner sc = new Scanner(input);
+        char c = sc.next().charAt(0);
+        assertEquals('a', c);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInputSource_whenScanCharUsingFindInLine_thenOneCharIsRead() {
+        Scanner sc = new Scanner(input);
+        char c = sc.findInLine(".").charAt(0);
+        assertEquals('a', c);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInputSource_whenScanCharUsingUseDelimiter_thenOneCharIsRead() {
+        Scanner sc = new Scanner(input);
+        char c = sc.useDelimiter("").next().charAt(0);
+        assertEquals('a', c);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/scanner/ScannerToArrayUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package com.baeldung.scanner;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.ObjectArrays;
+
+public class ScannerToArrayUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenMultipleElementsInOneLine_thenGetExpectedArray() {
+        String input = "Java Kotlin Ruby Python Go\n";
+        String[] expected = new String[] { "Java", "Kotlin", "Ruby", "Python", "Go" };
+
+        // scanner.next()
+        Scanner scanner1 = new Scanner(input);
+        String[] result1 = new String[5];
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < result1.length) {
+            result1[i] = scanner1.next();
+            i++;
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, result1);
+
+        //split()
+        Scanner scanner2 = new Scanner(input);
+        String[] result2 = scanner2.nextLine()
+          .split("\\s+");
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, result2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenOneElementPerLine_thenGetExpectedArray() {
+        String input = new StringBuilder().append("Baeldung Java\n")
+          .append("Baeldung Kotlin\n")
+          .append("Baeldung Linux\n")
+          .toString();
+
+        String[] expected = new String[] { "Baeldung Java", "Baeldung Kotlin", "Baeldung Linux" };
+
+        String[] result = new String[3];
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(input);
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < result.length) {
+            result[i] = scanner.nextLine();
+            i++;
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenOneElementPerLine_thenGetExpectedList() {
+        String input = new StringBuilder().append("Baeldung Java\n")
+          .append("Baeldung Kotlin\n")
+          .append("Baeldung Linux\n")
+          .toString();
+
+        List<String> expected = Lists.newArrayList("Baeldung Java", "Baeldung Kotlin", "Baeldung Linux");
+
+        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(input);
+        while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
+            result.add(scanner.nextLine());
+        }
+        assertEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenEveryTokenIsAnElement_thenGetExpectedList() {
+        String input = new StringBuilder().append("Linux Windows MacOS\n")
+          .append("Java Kotlin Python Go\n")
+          .toString();
+
+        List<String> expected = Lists.newArrayList("Linux", "Windows", "MacOS", "Java", "Kotlin", "Python", "Go");
+        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(input);
+        while (scanner.hasNext()) {
+            result.add(scanner.next());
+        }
+        assertEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenEveryTokenIsAnElement_thenGetExpectedArray() {
+        String input = new StringBuilder().append("Linux Windows MacOS\n")
+          .append("Java Kotlin Python Go\n")
+          .toString();
+
+        String[] expected = new String[] { "Linux", "Windows", "MacOS", "Java", "Kotlin", "Python", "Go" };
+        String[] result = new String[] {};
+
+        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(input);
+        while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
+            String[] lineInArray = scanner.nextLine()
+              .split("\\s+");
+            result = ObjectArrays.concat(result, lineInArray, String.class);
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/resources/sampleText1.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+first line
+second line
+third line

core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis-2/src/test/resources/sampleText2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+qwerty

core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/printstreamtostring/PrintStreamToStringUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.printstreamtostring;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+
+public class PrintStreamToStringUtil {
+
+    public static String usingByteArrayOutputStreamClass(String input) throws IOException {
+        if (input == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        String output;
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(outputStream)) {
+            printStream.print(input);
+
+            output = outputStream.toString();
+        }
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    public static String usingApacheCommonsIO(String input) {
+        if (input == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        org.apache.commons.io.output.ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new org.apache.commons.io.output.ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        try (PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(outputStream)) {
+            printStream.print(input);
+        }
+
+        return new String(outputStream.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    public static String usingCustomOutputStream(String input) throws IOException {
+        if (input == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        String output;
+        try (CustomOutputStream outputStream = new CustomOutputStream(); PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(outputStream)) {
+            printStream.print(input);
+
+            output = outputStream.toString();
+        }
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    private static class CustomOutputStream extends OutputStream {
+
+        private StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+            this.stringBuilder.append((char) b);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return this.stringBuilder.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/inputstreamtostring/JavaInputStreamToXUnitTest.java

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class JavaInputStreamToXUnitTest {
         final InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(originalString.getBytes());
 
         final StringBuilder textBuilder = new StringBuilder();
-        try (Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, Charset.forName(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name())))) {
+        try (Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
             int c;
             while ((c = reader.read()) != -1) {
                 textBuilder.append((char) c);
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class JavaInputStreamToXUnitTest {
         final String originalString = randomAlphabetic(DEFAULT_SIZE);
         final InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(originalString.getBytes());
 
-        final String text = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, Charset.forName(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name())))
+        final String text = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
           .lines()
           .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
 

core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/outputstreamtoinputstream/ConvertOutputStreamToInputStreamUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package com.baeldung.outputstreamtoinputstream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PipedInputStream;
+import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ConvertOutputStreamToInputStreamUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUsingByteArray_thenGetExpectedInputStream() throws IOException {
+        String content = "I'm an important message.";
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            out.write(content.getBytes());
+            try (ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray())) {
+                String inContent = new String(in.readAllBytes());
+
+                assertEquals(content, inContent);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUsingPipeStream_thenGetExpectedInputStream() throws IOException {
+        String content = "I'm going through the pipe.";
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream originOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        originOut.write(content.getBytes());
+
+        //connect the pipe
+        PipedInputStream in = new PipedInputStream();
+        PipedOutputStream out = new PipedOutputStream(in);
+
+        try (in) {
+            new Thread(() -> {
+                try (out) {
+                    originOut.writeTo(out);
+                } catch (IOException iox) {
+                    // handle IOExceptions
+                }
+            }).start();
+
+            String inContent = new String(in.readAllBytes());
+            assertEquals(content, inContent);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/printstreamtostring/PrintStreamToStringUtilUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.printstreamtostring;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PrintStreamToStringUtilUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingByteArrayOutputStreamClass_thenConvert() throws IOException {
+        assertEquals("test", PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingByteArrayOutputStreamClass("test"));
+        assertEquals("", PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingByteArrayOutputStreamClass(""));
+        assertNull(PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingByteArrayOutputStreamClass(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCustomOutputStream_thenConvert() throws IOException {
+        assertEquals("world", PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingCustomOutputStream("world"));
+        assertEquals("", PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingCustomOutputStream(""));
+        assertNull(PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingCustomOutputStream(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingApacheCommonsIO_thenConvert() {
+        assertEquals("hello", PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingApacheCommonsIO("hello"));
+        assertEquals("", PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingApacheCommonsIO(""));
+        assertNull(PrintStreamToStringUtil.usingApacheCommonsIO(null));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-constructors-2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## Core Java Lang OOP - Constructors - Part 2
+
+This module contains article about constructors in Java
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+- [Different Ways to Create an Object in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-different-ways-to-create-objects)
+- More articles: [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-constructors)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-constructors-2/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-lang-oop-constructors-2</artifactId>
+    <name>core-java-lang-oop-constructors-2</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-constructors/README.md

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ This module contains article about constructors in Java
 - [Constructor Specification in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-constructor-specification)
 - [Static vs. Instance Initializer Block in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-static-instance-initializer-blocks)
 - [Accessing Private Constructor in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-private-constructor-access)
-- [Different Ways to Create an Object in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-different-ways-to-create-objects)
+- More articles: [[next -->]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-constructors-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/README.md

@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ This module contains articles about methods in Java
 - [The Covariant Return Type in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-covariant-return-type)
 - [Does a Method’s Signature Include the Return Type in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-method-signature-return-type)
 - [Solving the Hide Utility Class Public Constructor Sonar Warning](https://www.baeldung.com/java-sonar-hide-implicit-constructor)
+- [Best Practices for Passing Many Arguments to a Method in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-best-practices-many-parameters-method)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methods/Car.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package com.baeldung.methods;
+
+public class Car {
+
+    private final String make;
+    private final String model;
+    private final int year;
+    private final String color;
+    private final boolean automatic;
+    private final int numDoors;
+    private final String features;
+
+    private Car(CarBuilder carBuilder) {
+        this.make = carBuilder.make;
+        this.model = carBuilder.model;
+        this.year = carBuilder.year;
+        this.color = carBuilder.color;
+        this.automatic = carBuilder.automatic;
+        this.numDoors = carBuilder.numDoors;
+        this.features = carBuilder.features;
+    }
+
+    public String getMake() {
+        return make;
+    }
+
+    public String getModel() {
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    public int getYear() {
+        return year;
+    }
+
+    public String getColor() {
+        return color;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAutomatic() {
+        return automatic;
+    }
+
+    public int getNumDoors() {
+        return numDoors;
+    }
+
+    public String getFeatures() {
+        return features;
+    }
+
+    public static class CarBuilder {
+
+        private final String make;
+        private final String model;
+        private final int year;
+
+        private String color = "unknown";
+        private boolean automatic = false;
+        private int numDoors = 4;
+        private String features = "";
+
+        public CarBuilder(String make, String model, int year) {
+            this.make = make;
+            this.model = model;
+            this.year = year;
+        }
+
+        public CarBuilder color(String color) {
+            this.color = color;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CarBuilder automatic(boolean automatic) {
+            this.automatic = automatic;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CarBuilder numDoors(int numDoors) {
+            this.numDoors = numDoors;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CarBuilder features(String features) {
+            this.features = features;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Car build() {
+            return new Car(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Car [make=" + make + ", model=" + model + ", year=" + year + ", color=" + color + ", automatic=" + automatic + ", numDoors=" + numDoors + ", features=" + features + "]";
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methods/Motorcycle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.methods;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class Motorcycle extends Vehicle implements Serializable {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5973661295933599929L;
+
+    private int year;
+    private String features = "";
+
+    public Motorcycle() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public Motorcycle(String make, String model, String color, int weight, boolean statusNew, int year) {
+        super(make, model, color, weight, statusNew);
+        this.year = year;
+    }
+
+    public Motorcycle(Vehicle vehicle, int year) {
+        super(vehicle);
+        this.year = year;
+    }
+
+    public int getYear() {
+        return year;
+    }
+
+    public void setYear(int year) {
+        this.year = year;
+    }
+
+    public void setFeatures(String features) {
+        this.features = features;
+    }
+
+    public String getFeatures() {
+        return features;
+    }
+
+    public void addMotorcycleFeatures(String... features) {
+        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(this.getFeatures());
+        for (String feature : features) {
+            if (!str.toString().isEmpty())
+                str.append(", ");
+            str.append(feature);
+        }
+        this.setFeatures(str.toString());
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methods/Vehicle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.methods;
+
+public class Vehicle {
+
+    static String defaultValue = "DEFAULT";
+    private String make = defaultValue;
+    private String model = defaultValue;
+    private String color = defaultValue;
+    private int weight = 0;
+    private boolean statusNew = true;
+
+    public Vehicle() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public Vehicle(String make, String model, String color, int weight, boolean statusNew) {
+        this.make = make;
+        this.model = model;
+        this.color = color;
+        this.weight = weight;
+        this.statusNew = statusNew;
+    }
+
+    public Vehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
+        this(vehicle.make, vehicle.model, vehicle.color, vehicle.weight, vehicle.statusNew);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Vehicle [make=" + make + ", model=" + model + ", color=" + color + ", weight=" + weight + ", statusNew=" + statusNew + "]";
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/methods/VehicleProcessor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.methods;
+
+public class VehicleProcessor {
+
+    Vehicle processVehicle(String make, String model, String color, int weight, boolean status) {
+        return new Vehicle(make, model, color, weight, status);
+    }
+
+    Vehicle processVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
+        return new Vehicle(vehicle);
+    }
+
+    Car processCar(Car car) {
+        return new Car.CarBuilder(car.getMake(), car.getModel(), car.getYear()).color(car.getColor())
+            .automatic(car.isAutomatic())
+            .features(car.getFeatures())
+            .build();
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/test/java/com/baeldung/methods/VehicleProcessorUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.methods;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class VehicleProcessorUnitTest {
+
+    VehicleProcessor vehicleProcessor = new VehicleProcessor();
+    Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("Ford", "Focus", "red", 2200, true);
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAllArguments_whenMethodCall_thenVerifyCallIsDoneCorrectly() {
+        Vehicle veh = vehicleProcessor.processVehicle("Ford", "Focus", "red", 2200, true);
+        assertThat(veh.toString()).hasToString(vehicle.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenParameterObject_whenMethodCall_thenVerifyCallIsDoneCorrectly() {
+        Vehicle veh = vehicleProcessor.processVehicle(vehicle);
+        assertThat(veh.toString()).hasToString(vehicle.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenJavaBeanPattern_whenMethodCall_thenVerifyCallIsDoneCorrectly() {
+        Motorcycle motorcycle = new Motorcycle("Ducati", "Monster", "yellow", 235, true, 2023);
+        motorcycle.setFeatures("GPS");
+
+        vehicleProcessor.processVehicle(motorcycle);
+        assertThat(motorcycle.getFeatures()).isEqualToIgnoringCase("GPS");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenJavaVarargs_whenMethodCall_thenAssertTheReturnedConcatenatedString() {
+        Motorcycle motorcycle = new Motorcycle("Ducati", "Monster", "red", 350, true, 2023);
+        motorcycle.addMotorcycleFeatures("abs");
+        assertThat(motorcycle.getFeatures()).isEqualToIgnoringCase("abs");
+
+        motorcycle.addMotorcycleFeatures("navi", "charger");
+        assertThat(motorcycle.getFeatures()).isEqualToIgnoringCase("abs, navi, charger");
+
+        motorcycle.addMotorcycleFeatures("wifi", "phone", "satellite");
+        assertThat(motorcycle.getFeatures()).isEqualToIgnoringCase("abs, navi, charger, wifi, phone, satellite");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenJavaBuilderPattern_whenMethodCall_thenVerifyCallIsDoneCorrectly() {
+        Car car = new Car.CarBuilder("Ford", "Focus", 2023).color("blue")
+            .automatic(true)
+            .features("abs, navi, charger, wifi, phone, satellite")
+            .build();
+
+        Car result = vehicleProcessor.processCar(car);
+
+        assertThat(result.toString()).hasToString(car.toString());
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-modifiers/pom.xml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
-        <h2.version>1.4.197</h2.version> <!-- needs to be specified as it fails with parent's 1.4.200 -->
+        <h2.version>2.1.214</h2.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-modifiers/src/main/java/com/baeldung/staticmodifier/Car.java

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ public class Car {
         this.engine = engine;
     }
 
+    public static String getCarsInformation(Car car) {
+        return car.getName() + "-" + car.getEngine();
+    }
+
     public static void setNumberOfCars(int numberOfCars) {
         Car.numberOfCars = numberOfCars;
     }

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-modifiers/src/test/java/com/baeldung/staticmethod/CallNonStaticMethodUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.staticmethod;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.staticmodifier.Car;
+
+public class CallNonStaticMethodUnitTest {
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void setUpCarInstance() {
+        Car.setNumberOfCars(0);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void whenCallingNonStaticMethodInStaticMethodWithInstanceClass_thenSuccess() {
+        Car car = new Car("Jaguar", "V8");
+        assertEquals("Jaguar-V8", Car.getCarsInformation(car));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-modifiers/src/test/java/com/baeldung/staticmodifier/CarUnitTest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,16 @@ package com.baeldung.staticmodifier;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class CarUnitTest {
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void setUpCarInstance() {
+        Car.setNumberOfCars(0);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void whenNumberOfCarObjectsInitialized_thenStaticCounterIncreases() {
         new Car("Jaguar", "V8");

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/interfacesingleimpl/Animal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.interfacesingleimpl;
+
+public interface Animal {
+    String makeSound();
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/interfacesingleimpl/AnimalCare.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.interfacesingleimpl;
+
+public class AnimalCare {
+    private Animal animal;
+
+    public AnimalCare(Animal animal) {
+        this.animal = animal;
+    }
+
+    public String animalSound() {
+        return animal.makeSound();
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/interfacesingleimpl/Cat.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.interfacesingleimpl;
+
+public class Cat {
+    private String name;
+
+    public Cat(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String makeSound() {
+        return "Meow! My name is " + name;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-patterns/src/main/java/com/baeldung/interfacesingleimpl/Dog.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.interfacesingleimpl;
+
+public class Dog implements Animal {
+    private String name;
+
+    public Dog(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String makeSound() {
+        return "Woof! My name is " + name;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-patterns/src/test/java/com/baeldung/interfacesingleimpl/InterfaceSingleImplUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.interfacesingleimpl;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class InterfaceSingleImplUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void whenUsingMockAnimal_thenAnimalSoundIsCorrect() {
+        MockAnimal mockAnimal = new MockAnimal();
+        String expected = "Mock animal sound!";
+        AnimalCare animalCare = new AnimalCare(mockAnimal);
+        assertThat(animalCare.animalSound()).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatingDog_thenDogMakesWoofSound() {
+        Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy");
+        String expected = "Woof! My name is Buddy";
+        assertThat(dog.makeSound()).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatingCat_thenCatMakesMeowSound() {
+        Cat cat = new Cat("FuzzBall");
+        String expected = "Meow! My name is FuzzBall";
+        assertThat(cat.makeSound()).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatingAnimalCareWithDog_thenDogMakesWoofSound() {
+        Animal dog = new Dog("Ham");
+        AnimalCare animalCare = new AnimalCare(dog);
+        String expected = "Woof! My name is Ham";
+        assertThat(animalCare.animalSound()).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatingCatCareWithCat_thenCatMakesMeowSound() {
+        Cat cat = new Cat("Grumpy");
+        String expected = "Meow! My name is Grumpy";
+        assertThat(cat.makeSound()).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatingMockAnimal_thenMockAnimalMakesMockAnimalSound() {
+        MockAnimal mockAnimal = new MockAnimal();
+        String expected = "Mock animal sound!";
+        assertThat(mockAnimal.makeSound()).isEqualTo(expected);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-patterns/src/test/java/com/baeldung/interfacesingleimpl/MockAnimal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.interfacesingleimpl;
+
+public class MockAnimal implements Animal {
+    @Override
+    public String makeSound() {
+        return "Mock animal sound!";
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-networking-4/README.md

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 - [Validating URL in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-validate-url)
 - [Validating IPv4 Address in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-validate-ipv4-address)
 - [Download a Webpage in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-download-webpage)
+- [URL Query Manipulation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-url-query-manipulation)

core-java-modules/core-java-perf/README.md

@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ This module contains articles about performance of Java applications
 - [Capturing a Java Thread Dump](https://www.baeldung.com/java-thread-dump)
 - [JMX Ports](https://www.baeldung.com/jmx-ports)
 - [Calling JMX MBean Method From a Shell Script](https://www.baeldung.com/jmx-mbean-shell-access)
+- [External Debugging With JMXTerm](https://www.baeldung.com/java-jmxterm-external-debugging)
+- [Create and Detect Memory Leaks in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-create-detect-memory-leaks)

core-java-modules/core-java-records/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+## Relevant Articles
+- [Overridding hashCode() And equals() For Records](https://www.baeldung.com/java-override-hashcode-equals-records)

core-java-modules/core-java-records/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <parent>
+        <artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <artifactId>core-java-records</artifactId>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>16</source>
+                    <target>16</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <properties>
+        <maven.compiler.source>19</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>19</maven.compiler.target>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-records/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcoderecords/Movie.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcoderecords;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+record Movie(String name, Integer yearOfRelease, String distributor) {
+
+@Override
+public boolean equals(Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (other == null) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    Movie movie = (Movie) other;
+    if (movie.name.equals(this.name) && movie.yearOfRelease.equals(this.yearOfRelease)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(name, yearOfRelease);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-records/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcoderecords/Person.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcoderecords;
+
+public record Person(String firstName, String lastName, String SSN, String dateOfBirth) {
+};
+

core-java-modules/core-java-records/src/test/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcoderecords/CustomRecordEqualsHashCode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcoderecords;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CustomRecordEqualsHashCode {
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoRecords_whenDefaultEquals_thenCompareEquality() {
+        Person robert = new Person("Robert", "Frost", "HDHDB223", "2000-01-02");
+        Person mike = new Person("Mike", "Adams", "ABJDJ2883", "2001-01-02");
+        assertNotEquals(robert, mike);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoRecords_hashCodesShouldBeSame() {
+        Person robert = new Person("Robert", "Frost", "HDHDB223", "2000-01-02");
+        Person robertCopy = new Person("Robert", "Frost", "HDHDB223", "2000-01-02");
+        assertEquals(robert.hashCode(), robertCopy.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenTwoRecords_whenCustomImplementation_thenCompareEquality() {
+        Movie movie1 = new Movie("The Batman", 2022, "WB");
+        Movie movie2 = new Movie("The Batman", 2022, "Dreamworks");
+        assertEquals(movie1, movie2);
+        assertEquals(movie1.hashCode(), movie2.hashCode());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-regex-2/README.md

@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@
 - [Converting Camel Case and Title Case to Words in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-camel-case-title-case-to-words)
 - [How to Use Regular Expressions to Replace Tokens in Strings in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-regex-token-replacement)
 - [Creating a Java Array from Regular Expression Matches](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-regex-matches)
+- [Getting the Text That Follows After the Regex Match in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-regex-text-after-match)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-regex)

core-java-modules/core-java-regex-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/regex/z_regexp/ZRegularExpressionUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.regex.z_regexp;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ZRegularExpressionUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenCreditCardNumber_thenReturnIfMatched() {
+        String creditCardNumber = "1234567890123456";
+        String pattern = "\\d{16}\\z";
+        Assertions.assertTrue(creditCardNumber.matches(pattern));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLogOutput_thenReturnIfMatched() {
+        String logLine = "2022-05-01 14:30:00,123 INFO Some log message";
+        String pattern = ".*message\\z";
+        Assertions.assertTrue(logLine.matches(pattern));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenEmailMessage_thenReturnIfMatched() {
+        String myMessage = "Hello HR, I hope i can write to Baeldung\n";
+        String pattern = ".*Baeldung\\s*\\Z";
+        Assertions.assertTrue(myMessage.matches(pattern));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenFileExtension_thenReturnIfMatched() {
+        String fileName = "image.jpeg";
+        String pattern = ".*\\.jpeg\\Z";
+        Assertions.assertTrue(fileName.matches(pattern));
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-security-3/pom.xml

@@ -30,12 +30,18 @@
             <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
             <version>${jaxb-api.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-security-crypto</artifactId>
+            <version>${spring-security-crypto.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
-        <bouncycastle.version>1.60</bouncycastle.version>
+        <bouncycastle.version>1.70</bouncycastle.version>
         <commons-codec.version>1.11</commons-codec.version>
         <jaxb-api.version>2.3.1</jaxb-api.version>
+        <spring-security-crypto.version>6.0.3</spring-security-crypto.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>