Merge pull request #16337 from yadavan88/complex-number-ops
Complex number operations
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package com.baeldung.complexnumbers;
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import java.util.regex.Matcher;
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import java.util.regex.Pattern;
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public record ComplexNumber(double real, double imaginary) {
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public static ComplexNumber fromString(String complexNumberStr) {
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Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(-?\\d*\\.?\\d+)?(?:([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+)i)?");
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Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(complexNumberStr.replaceAll("\\s", ""));
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if (matcher.matches()) {
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// Extract real and imaginary parts
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String realPartStr = matcher.group(1);
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String imaginaryPartStr = matcher.group(2);
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// Parse real part (if present)
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double real = (realPartStr != null) ? Double.parseDouble(realPartStr) : 0;
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// Parse imaginary part (if present)
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double imaginary = (imaginaryPartStr != null) ? Double.parseDouble(imaginaryPartStr) : 0;
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return new ComplexNumber(real, imaginary);
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} else {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid complex number format(" + complexNumberStr + "), supported format is `a+bi`");
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}
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}
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public String toString() {
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return real + "+" + imaginary + "i";
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}
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public ComplexNumber add(ComplexNumber that) {
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return new ComplexNumber(real + that.real, imaginary + that.imaginary);
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}
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public ComplexNumber multiply(ComplexNumber that) {
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double newReal = this.real * that.real - this.imaginary * that.imaginary;
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double newImaginary = this.real * that.imaginary + this.imaginary * that.real;
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return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
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}
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public ComplexNumber subtract(ComplexNumber that) {
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return new ComplexNumber(real - that.real, imaginary - that.imaginary);
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}
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public ComplexNumber divide(ComplexNumber that) {
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if(that.real == 0 && that.imaginary == 0 ){
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throw new ArithmeticException("Division by 0 is not allowed!");
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}
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double c2d2 = Math.pow(that.real, 2) + Math.pow(that.imaginary, 2);
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double newReal = (this.real * that.real + this.imaginary * that.imaginary) / c2d2;
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double newImaginary = (this.imaginary * that.real - this.real * that.imaginary) / c2d2;
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return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
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}
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}
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package com.baeldung.complexnumbers;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
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import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
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import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;
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public class ComplexNumberOperationsUnitTest {
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@ParameterizedTest(name = "Multiplying {0} and {1}")
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@CsvSource({
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"3+2i, 1+7i, -11+23i",
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"2, 4, 8",
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"2, 4i, 8i",
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"1+1i, 1+1i, 0+2i",
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" 3+2i, 1 + 7i, -11 + 23i ",
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"0+5i, 3+0i, 0+15i",
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"0+0i, -2+0i, 0+0i",
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"-3+2i, 1-7i, 11+23i",
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"2+4i, 0, 0"
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})
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public void givenTwoComplexNumbers_multiplyAndGetResult(String complexStr1, String complexStr2, String expectedStr) {
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ComplexNumber complex1 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr1);
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ComplexNumber complex2 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr2);
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ComplexNumber expected = ComplexNumber.fromString(expectedStr);
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ComplexNumber product = complex1.multiply(complex2);
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Assertions.assertTrue(isSame(product, expected));
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}
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@ParameterizedTest(name = "Adding {0} and {1}")
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@CsvSource({
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"3+2i, 1+7i, 4+9i",
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"2, 4, 6",
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"2, 4i, 2+4i",
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"1+1i, 1+1i, 2+2i",
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" 3+2i, 1 + 7i, 4 + 9i ",
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"0+5i, 3+0i, 3+5i",
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"0+0i, -2+0i, -2+0i",
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"-3+2i, 1-7i, -2-5i",
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"2+4i, 0, 2+4i"
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})
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public void givenTwoComplexNumbers_addThemAndGetResult(String complexStr1, String complexStr2, String expectedStr) {
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ComplexNumber complex1 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr1);
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ComplexNumber complex2 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr2);
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ComplexNumber expected = ComplexNumber.fromString(expectedStr);
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ComplexNumber sum = complex1.add(complex2);
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Assertions.assertTrue(isSame(sum, expected));
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}
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@ParameterizedTest(name = "Subtracting {0} and {1}")
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@CsvSource({
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"3+2i, 1+7i, 2-5i",
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"2, 4, -2",
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"2, 4i, 2-4i",
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"1+1i, 1+1i, 0",
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" 3+ 2i, 1+ 7i, 2-5i",
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"0+5i, 3+0i, -3+5i",
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"0+0i, -2+0i, 2+0i",
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"-3+2i, 1-7i, -4+9i",
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"2+4i, 0, 2+4i"
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})
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public void givenTwoComplexNumbers_subtractAndGetResult(String complexStr1, String complexStr2, String expectedStr) {
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ComplexNumber complex1 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr1);
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ComplexNumber complex2 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr2);
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ComplexNumber expected = ComplexNumber.fromString(expectedStr);
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ComplexNumber sum = complex1.subtract(complex2);
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Assertions.assertTrue(isSame(sum, expected));
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}
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@ParameterizedTest(name = "Dividing {0} and {1}")
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@CsvSource({
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"3+2i, 1+7i, 0.34-0.38i",
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"2, 4, 0.5",
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"2, 4i, 0-0.5i",
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"1+1i, 1+1i, 1",
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"3 + 2i, 1 + 7i, 0.34-0.38i",
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"0+5i, 3+0i, 0+1.6666666666666667i",
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"0+0i, -2+0i, 0+0i",
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"-3+2i, 1-7i, -0.34-0.38i",
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"2+4i, 1, 2+4i"
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})
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public void givenTwoComplexNumbers_divideThemAndGetResult(String complexStr1, String complexStr2, String expectedStr) {
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ComplexNumber complex1 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr1);
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ComplexNumber complex2 = ComplexNumber.fromString(complexStr2);
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ComplexNumber expected = ComplexNumber.fromString(expectedStr);
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ComplexNumber sum = complex1.divide(complex2);
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Assertions.assertTrue(isSame(sum, expected));
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}
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@Test
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public void givenAComplexNumberAsZero_handleDivideByZeroScenario() {
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ComplexNumber complex1 = new ComplexNumber(1, 1);
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ComplexNumber zero = new ComplexNumber(0, 0);
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Exception exception = Assertions.assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> {
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complex1.divide(zero);
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});
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Assertions.assertEquals(exception.getMessage(), "Division by 0 is not allowed!");
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}
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public boolean isSame(ComplexNumber result, ComplexNumber expected) {
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return result.real() == expected.real() && result.imaginary() == expected.imaginary();
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}
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}
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