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Author SHA1 Message Date
YuCheng Hu 27af9e2f8c Submit all code for code-java-string branch 2022-07-15 13:10:35 -04:00
83 changed files with 3202 additions and 0 deletions

38
.idea/compiler.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="CompilerConfiguration">
<annotationProcessing>
<profile default="true" name="Default" enabled="true" />
<profile name="Maven default annotation processors profile" enabled="true">
<sourceOutputDir name="target/generated-sources/annotations" />
<sourceTestOutputDir name="target/generated-test-sources/test-annotations" />
<outputRelativeToContentRoot value="true" />
<module name="codebank" />
<module name="core-java-collections-list" />
<module name="core-java-streams" />
<module name="assertion-libraries" />
<module name="core-java-io" />
<module name="core-java-annotations" />
<module name="core-java-8-2" />
<module name="core-java-numbers" />
<module name="discourse" />
<module name="core-java-11-2" />
<module name="core-java-strings" />
<module name="core-java-11" />
<module name="core-java-collections-list-2" />
<module name="core-java-collections" />
<module name="core-java-datetime-conversion" />
<module name="core-java-collections-list-3" />
<module name="core-java-8" />
<module name="junit-5-basics" />
<module name="core-java-collections-3" />
<module name="core-java-collections-2" />
</profile>
</annotationProcessing>
</component>
<component name="JavacSettings">
<option name="ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS_OVERRIDE">
<module name="core-java-streams" options="-parameters" />
</option>
</component>
</project>

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.idea/encodings.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="Encoding">
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-8-2/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-8-2/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-8/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-8/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-2/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-2/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-2/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-2/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-collections/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-numbers/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-numbers/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-streams/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-streams/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-strings/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/core-java-strings/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/core-java-modules/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/assertion-libraries/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/assertion-libraries/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/junit-5-basics/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/junit-5-basics/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/junit-5-basics/src/test/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/testing-modules/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/toolkits/codebank/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/toolkits/codebank/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/toolkits/discourse/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
<file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/toolkits/discourse/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
</component>
</project>

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.idea/jarRepositories.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="RemoteRepositoriesConfiguration">
<remote-repository>
<option name="id" value="central" />
<option name="name" value="Central Repository" />
<option name="url" value="https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2" />
</remote-repository>
<remote-repository>
<option name="id" value="central" />
<option name="name" value="Maven Central repository" />
<option name="url" value="https://repo1.maven.org/maven2" />
</remote-repository>
<remote-repository>
<option name="id" value="jboss.community" />
<option name="name" value="JBoss Community repository" />
<option name="url" value="https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/public/" />
</remote-repository>
</component>
</project>

6
.idea/thriftCompiler.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="ThriftCompiler">
<compilers />
</component>
</project>

6
.idea/vcs.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
<mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
</component>
</project>

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package com.ossez.java9.compactstring;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
public class CompactStringDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
List strings = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10_000_000).mapToObj(Integer::toString).collect(toList());
long totalTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
System.out.println("Generated " + strings.size() + " strings in " + totalTime + " ms.");
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
String appended = (String) strings.stream().limit(100_000).reduce("", (left, right) -> left.toString() + right.toString());
totalTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
System.out.println("Created string of length " + appended.length() + " in " + totalTime + " ms.");
}
}

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package com.ossez.localization;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
public class App {
/**
* Runs all available formatter
* @throws ParseException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Locale> locales = Arrays.asList(new Locale[] { Locale.UK, Locale.ITALY, Locale.FRANCE, Locale.forLanguageTag("pl-PL") });
Localization.run(locales);
JavaSEFormat.run(locales);
ICUFormat.run(locales);
}
}

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package com.ossez.localization;
import com.ibm.icu.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class ICUFormat {
public static String getLabel(Locale locale, Object[] data) {
ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("formats", locale);
String format = bundle.getString("label-icu");
MessageFormat formatter = new MessageFormat(format, locale);
return formatter.format(data);
}
public static void run(List<Locale> locales) {
System.out.println("ICU formatter");
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 0 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 1 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 2 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 3 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 0 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 1 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 2 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 3 })));
}
}

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package com.ossez.localization;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class JavaSEFormat {
public static String getLabel(Locale locale, Object[] data) {
ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("formats", locale);
final String pattern = bundle.getString("label");
final MessageFormat formatter = new MessageFormat(pattern, locale);
return formatter.format(data);
}
public static void run(List<Locale> locales) {
System.out.println("Java formatter");
final Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { date, "Alice", 0 })));
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale, new Object[] { date, "Alice", 2 })));
}
}

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package com.ossez.localization;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class Localization {
public static String getLabel(Locale locale) {
final ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("messages", locale);
return bundle.getString("label");
}
public static void run(List<Locale> locales) {
locales.forEach(locale -> System.out.println(getLabel(locale)));
}
}

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package com.ossez.stringperformance;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.SingleShotTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
@Measurement(batchSize = 100000, iterations = 10)
@Warmup(batchSize = 100000, iterations = 10)
@State(Scope.Thread)
public class StringPerformance {
protected String baeldung = "baeldung";
protected String longString = "Hello baeldung, I am a bit longer than other Strings";
protected String formatString = "hello %s, nice to meet you";
protected String formatDigit = "%d";
protected String emptyString = " ";
protected String result = "";
protected int sampleNumber = 100;
protected Pattern spacePattern = Pattern.compile(emptyString);
protected Pattern longPattern = Pattern.compile(longString);
protected List<String> stringSplit = new ArrayList<>();
protected List<String> stringTokenizer = new ArrayList<>();
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringDynamicConcat() {
result += baeldung;
return result;
}
@Benchmark
public StringBuilder benchmarkStringBuilder() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(result);
stringBuilder.append(baeldung);
return stringBuilder;
}
@Benchmark
public StringBuffer benchmarkStringBuffer() {
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(result);
stringBuffer.append(baeldung);
return stringBuffer;
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringConstructor() {
String result = new String("baeldung");
return result;
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringLiteral() {
String result = "baeldung";
return result;
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringFormat_s() {
return String.format(formatString, baeldung);
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringConcat() {
result = result.concat(baeldung);
return result;
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringIntern() {
return baeldung.intern();
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringReplace() {
return longString.replace("average", " average !!!");
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringUtilsReplace() {
return StringUtils.replace(longString, "average", " average !!!");
}
@Benchmark
public List<String> benchmarkGuavaSplitter() {
return Splitter.on(" ").trimResults()
.omitEmptyStrings()
.splitToList(longString);
}
@Benchmark
public String [] benchmarkStringSplit() {
return longString.split(emptyString);
}
@Benchmark
public String [] benchmarkStringSplitPattern() {
return spacePattern.split(longString, 0);
}
@Benchmark
public List benchmarkStringTokenizer() {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(longString);
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
stringTokenizer.add(st.nextToken());
}
return stringTokenizer;
}
@Benchmark
public List benchmarkStringIndexOf() {
int pos = 0, end;
while ((end = longString.indexOf(' ', pos)) >= 0) {
stringSplit.add(longString.substring(pos, end));
pos = end + 1;
}
//Add last token of string
stringSplit.add(longString.substring(pos));
return stringSplit;
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkIntegerToString() {
return Integer.toString(sampleNumber);
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringValueOf() {
return String.valueOf(sampleNumber);
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringConvertPlus() {
return sampleNumber + "";
}
@Benchmark
public String benchmarkStringFormat_d() {
return String.format(formatDigit, sampleNumber);
}
@Benchmark
public boolean benchmarkStringEquals() {
return longString.equals(baeldung);
}
@Benchmark
public boolean benchmarkStringEqualsIgnoreCase() {
return longString.equalsIgnoreCase(baeldung);
}
@Benchmark
public boolean benchmarkStringMatches() {
return longString.matches(baeldung);
}
@Benchmark
public boolean benchmarkPrecompiledMatches() {
return longPattern.matcher(baeldung).matches();
}
@Benchmark
public int benchmarkStringCompareTo() {
return longString.compareTo(baeldung);
}
@Benchmark
public boolean benchmarkStringIsEmpty() {
return longString.isEmpty();
}
@Benchmark
public boolean benchmarkStringLengthZero() {
return longString.length() == 0;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Options options = new OptionsBuilder()
.include(StringPerformance.class.getSimpleName()).threads(1)
.forks(1).shouldFailOnError(true)
.shouldDoGC(true)
.jvmArgs("-server").build();
new Runner(options).run();
}
}

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label=On {0, date, short} {1} has sent you {2, choice, 0#no messages|1#a message|2#two messages|2<{2,number,integer} messages}.
label-icu={0} has sent you {2, plural, =0 {no messages} =1 {a message} other {{2, number, integer} messages}}.

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label={0, date, short}, {1}{2, choice, 0# ne|0<} vous a envoy\u00e9 {2, choice, 0#aucun message|1#un message|2#deux messages|2<{2,number,integer} messages}.
label-icu={0} {2, plural, =0 {ne } other {}}vous a envoy\u00e9 {2, plural, =0 {aucun message} =1 {un message} other {{2, number, integer} messages}}.

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label={0, date, short} {1} ti ha inviato {2, choice, 0#nessun messagio|1#un messaggio|2#due messaggi|2<{2, number, integer} messaggi}.
label-icu={0} {2, plural, =0 {non } other {}}ti ha inviato {2, plural, =0 {nessun messaggio} =1 {un messaggio} other {{2, number, integer} messaggi}}.

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label=W {0, date, short} {1}{2, choice, 0# nie|0<} wys\u0142a\u0142a ci {2, choice, 0#\u017Cadnych wiadomo\u015Bci|1#wiadomo\u015B\u0107|2#dwie wiadomo\u015Bci|2<{2, number, integer} wiadomo\u015Bci}.
label-icu={0} {2, plural, =0 {nie } other {}}{1, select, male {wys\u0142a\u0142} female {wys\u0142a\u0142a} other {wys\u0142a\u0142o}} ci {2, plural, =0 {\u017Cadnej wiadomo\u015Bci} =1 {wiadomo\u015B\u0107} other {{2, number, integer} wiadomo\u015Bci}}.

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label=Alice has sent you a message.

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label=Alice vous a envoy\u00e9 un message.

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label=Alice ti ha inviato un messaggio.

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label=Alice wys\u0142a\u0142a ci wiadomo\u015B\u0107.

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Get busy living
or
get busy dying.
--Stephen King

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Locale;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class LocaleUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenUsingLocal_thenCorrectResultsForDifferentLocale() {
Locale usLocale = Locale.US;
BigDecimal number = new BigDecimal(102_300.456d);
NumberFormat usNumberFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(usLocale);
assertEquals(usNumberFormat.format(number), "$102,300.46");
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class StringAnagramUnitTest {
public boolean isAnagram(String s1, String s2) {
if(s1.length() != s2.length())
return false;
char[] arr1 = s1.toCharArray();
char[] arr2 = s2.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(arr1);
Arrays.sort(arr2);
return Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2);
}
@Test
public void whenTestAnagrams_thenTestingCorrectly() {
assertThat(isAnagram("car", "arc")).isTrue();
assertThat(isAnagram("west", "stew")).isTrue();
assertThat(isAnagram("west", "east")).isFalse();
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StringChangeCaseUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenString_whenChangingToUppercase_thenCaseChanged() {
String s = "Welcome to Baeldung!";
assertEquals("WELCOME TO BAELDUNG!", s.toUpperCase());
}
@Test
public void givenString_whenChangingToLowerrcase_thenCaseChanged() {
String s = "Welcome to Baeldung!";
assertEquals("welcome to baeldung!", s.toLowerCase());
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StringCountOccurrencesUnitTest {
public int countOccurrences(String s, char c) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
if (s.charAt(i) == c) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
@Test
public void givenString_whenCountingFrequencyOfChar_thenCountCorrect() {
assertEquals(3, countOccurrences("united states", 't'));
}
public void givenString_whenUsingJava8_thenCountingOfCharCorrect() {
String str = "united states";
long count = str.chars().filter(ch -> (char)ch == 't').count();
assertEquals(3, count);
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StringFormatUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenString_whenUsingStringFormat_thenStringFormatted() {
String title = "Baeldung";
String formatted = String.format("Title is %s", title);
assertEquals(formatted, "Title is Baeldung");
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class StringInternUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenCallingStringIntern_thenStringsInterned() {
String s1 = "Baeldung";
String s2 = new String("Baeldung");
String s3 = new String("Baeldung").intern();
assertThat(s1 == s2).isFalse();
assertThat(s1 == s3).isTrue();
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.StringJoiner;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StringJoinerUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenUsingStringJoiner_thenStringsJoined() {
StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",", "[", "]");
joiner.add("Red")
.add("Green")
.add("Blue");
assertEquals(joiner.toString(), "[Red,Green,Blue]");
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class StringPalindromeUnitTest {
public boolean isPalindrome(String text) {
int forward = 0;
int backward = text.length() - 1;
while (backward > forward) {
char forwardChar = text.charAt(forward++);
char backwardChar = text.charAt(backward--);
if (forwardChar != backwardChar)
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Test
public void givenIsPalindromeMethod_whenCheckingString_thenFindIfPalindrome() {
assertThat(isPalindrome("madam")).isTrue();
assertThat(isPalindrome("radar")).isTrue();
assertThat(isPalindrome("level")).isTrue();
assertThat(isPalindrome("baeldung")).isFalse();
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StringReverseUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenUsingInbuildMethods_thenStringReversed() {
String reversed = new StringBuilder("baeldung").reverse().toString();
assertEquals("gnudleab", reversed);
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
public class StringSplitUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenCoreJava_whenSplittingStrings_thenSplitted() {
String expected[] = {
"john",
"peter",
"mary"
};
String[] splitted = "john,peter,mary".split(",");
assertArrayEquals( expected, splitted );
}
@Test
public void givenApacheCommons_whenSplittingStrings_thenSplitted() {
String expected[] = {
"john",
"peter",
"mary"
};
String[] splitted = StringUtils.split("john peter mary");
assertArrayEquals( expected, splitted );
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
public class StringToByteArrayUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenGetBytes_thenCorrect() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
byte[] byteArray1 = "abcd".getBytes();
byte[] byteArray2 = "efgh".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
byte[] byteArray3 = "ijkl".getBytes("UTF-8");
byte[] expected1 = new byte[] { 97, 98, 99, 100 };
byte[] expected2 = new byte[] { 101, 102, 103, 104 };
byte[] expected3 = new byte[] { 105, 106, 107, 108 };
assertArrayEquals(expected1, byteArray1);
assertArrayEquals(expected2, byteArray2);
assertArrayEquals(expected3, byteArray3);
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StringToCharArrayUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenConvertingStringToCharArray_thenConversionSuccessful() {
String beforeConvStr = "hello";
char[] afterConvCharArr = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };
assertEquals(Arrays.equals(beforeConvStr.toCharArray(), afterConvCharArr), true);
}
}

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package com.ossez.interview;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class StringToIntegerUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenString_whenParsingInt_shouldConvertToInt() {
String givenString = "42";
int result = Integer.parseInt(givenString);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo(42);
}
}

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package com.ossez.localization;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Locale;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class ICUFormatUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenInUK_whenAliceSendsNothing_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice has sent you no messages.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.UK, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 0 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInUK_whenAliceSendsOneMessage_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice has sent you a message.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.UK, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 1 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInUK_whenBobSendsSixMessages_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Bob has sent you 6 messages.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.UK, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 6 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInItaly_whenAliceSendsNothing_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice non ti ha inviato nessun messaggio.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.ITALY, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 0 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInItaly_whenAliceSendsOneMessage_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice ti ha inviato un messaggio.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.ITALY, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 1 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInItaly_whenBobSendsSixMessages_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Bob ti ha inviato 6 messaggi.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.ITALY, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 6 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInFrance_whenAliceSendsNothing_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice ne vous a envoyé aucun message.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.FRANCE, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 0 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInFrance_whenAliceSendsOneMessage_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice vous a envoyé un message.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.FRANCE, new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 1 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInFrance_whenBobSendsSixMessages_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Bob vous a envoyé 6 messages.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.FRANCE, new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 6 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInPoland_whenAliceSendsNothing_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice nie wysłała ci żadnej wiadomości.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.forLanguageTag("pl-PL"), new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 0 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInPoland_whenAliceSendsOneMessage_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Alice wysłała ci wiadomość.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.forLanguageTag("pl-PL"), new Object[] { "Alice", "female", 1 }));
}
@Test
public void givenInPoland_whenBobSendsSixMessages_thenCorrectMessage() {
assertEquals("Bob wysłał ci 6 wiadomości.", ICUFormat.getLabel(Locale.forLanguageTag("pl-PL"), new Object[] { "Bob", "male", 6 }));
}
}

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package com.ossez.randomstrings;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Random;
public class RandomStringsUnitTest {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomStringsUnitTest.class);
@Test
public void givenUsingPlainJava_whenGeneratingRandomStringUnbounded_thenCorrect() {
byte[] array = new byte[7]; // length is bounded by 7
new Random().nextBytes(array);
String generatedString = new String(array, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingPlainJava_whenGeneratingRandomStringBounded_thenCorrect() {
int leftLimit = 97; // letter 'a'
int rightLimit = 122; // letter 'z'
int targetStringLength = 10;
Random random = new Random();
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(targetStringLength);
for (int i = 0; i < targetStringLength; i++) {
int randomLimitedInt = leftLimit + (int) (random.nextFloat() * (rightLimit - leftLimit + 1));
buffer.append((char) randomLimitedInt);
}
String generatedString = buffer.toString();
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingJava8_whenGeneratingRandomAlphabeticString_thenCorrect() {
int leftLimit = 97; // letter 'a'
int rightLimit = 122; // letter 'z'
int targetStringLength = 10;
Random random = new Random();
String generatedString = random.ints(leftLimit, rightLimit + 1)
.limit(targetStringLength)
.collect(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::appendCodePoint, StringBuilder::append)
.toString();
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingJava8_whenGeneratingRandomAlphanumericString_thenCorrect() {
int leftLimit = 48; // numeral '0'
int rightLimit = 122; // letter 'z'
int targetStringLength = 10;
Random random = new Random();
String generatedString = random.ints(leftLimit, rightLimit + 1)
.filter(i -> (i <= 57 || i >= 65) && (i <= 90 || i >= 97))
.limit(targetStringLength)
.collect(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::appendCodePoint, StringBuilder::append)
.toString();
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomString_thenCorrect() {
String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.random(10);
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomAlphabeticString_thenCorrect() {
String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphabetic(10);
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomAlphanumericString_thenCorrect() {
String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10);
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
@Test
public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomStringBounded_thenCorrect() {
int length = 10;
boolean useLetters = true;
boolean useNumbers = false;
String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.random(length, useLetters, useNumbers);
LOG.debug(generatedString);
}
}

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## Core Java streams
This module contains articles about the Stream API in Java.
### Relevant Articles:
- [The Java 8 Stream API Tutorial](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-streams)
- [Introduction to Java 8 Streams](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-streams-introduction)
- [Java 8 Stream findFirst() vs. findAny()](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-findfirst-vs-findany)
- [Guide to Stream.reduce()](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-reduce)
- [Java IntStream Conversions](https://www.baeldung.com/java-intstream-convert)
- [Java 8 Streams peek() API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-streams-peek-api)
- [Working With Maps Using Streams](https://www.baeldung.com/java-maps-streams)
- [Collect a Java Stream to an Immutable Collection](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-immutable-collection)
- [How to Add a Single Element to a Stream](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-append-prepend)
- [Operating on and Removing an Item from Stream](https://www.baeldung.com/java-use-remove-item-stream)
- More articles: [[<-- prev>]](/../core-java-streams) [[next -->]](/../core-java-streams-3)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>core-java-streams-2</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>core-java-streams-2</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
<artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
<artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
<version>${jmh-core.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
<artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
<version>${jmh-generator.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.9</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.9</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>

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package com.baeldung.reduce.application;
import com.baeldung.reduce.entities.User;
import com.baeldung.reduce.utilities.NumberUtils;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
int result1 = numbers.stream().reduce(0, (subtotal, element) -> subtotal + element);
System.out.println(result1);
int result2 = numbers.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
System.out.println(result2);
List<String> letters = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
String result3 = letters.stream().reduce("", (partialString, element) -> partialString + element);
System.out.println(result3);
String result4 = letters.stream().reduce("", String::concat);
System.out.println(result4);
String result5 = letters.stream().reduce("", (partialString, element) -> partialString.toUpperCase() + element.toUpperCase());
System.out.println(result5);
List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User("John", 30), new User("Julie", 35));
int result6 = users.stream().reduce(0, (partialAgeResult, user) -> partialAgeResult + user.getAge(), Integer::sum);
System.out.println(result6);
String result7 = letters.parallelStream().reduce("", String::concat);
System.out.println(result7);
int result8 = users.parallelStream().reduce(0, (partialAgeResult, user) -> partialAgeResult + user.getAge(), Integer::sum);
System.out.println(result8);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.reduce.benchmarks;
import com.baeldung.reduce.entities.User;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
@State(Scope.Thread)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
public class JMHStreamReduceBenchMark {
private final List<User> userList = createUsers();
public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
Options options = new OptionsBuilder()
.include(JMHStreamReduceBenchMark.class.getSimpleName()).threads(1)
.forks(1).shouldFailOnError(true).shouldDoGC(true)
.jvmArgs("-server").build();
new Runner(options).run();
}
private List<User> createUsers() {
List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i <= 1000000; i++) {
users.add(new User("John" + i, i));
}
return users;
}
@Benchmark
public Integer executeReduceOnParallelizedStream() {
return this.userList
.parallelStream()
.reduce(0, (partialAgeResult, user) -> partialAgeResult + user.getAge(), Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
public Integer executeReduceOnSequentialStream() {
return this.userList
.stream()
.reduce(0, (partialAgeResult, user) -> partialAgeResult + user.getAge(), Integer::sum);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.reduce.entities;
public class User {
private final String name;
private final int age;
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" + "name=" + name + ", age=" + age + '}';
}
}

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package com.baeldung.reduce.utilities;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public abstract class NumberUtils {
private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(NumberUtils.class.getName());
public static int divideListElements(List<Integer> values, Integer divider) {
return values.stream()
.reduce(0, (a, b) -> {
try {
return a / divider + b / divider;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "Arithmetic Exception: Division by Zero");
}
return 0;
});
}
public static int divideListElementsWithExtractedTryCatchBlock(List<Integer> values, int divider) {
return values.stream().reduce(0, (a, b) -> divide(a, divider) + divide(b, divider));
}
public static int divideListElementsWithApplyFunctionMethod(List<Integer> values, int divider) {
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> division = (a, b) -> a / b;
return values.stream().reduce(0, (a, b) -> applyFunction(division, a, divider) + applyFunction(division, b, divider));
}
private static int divide(int value, int factor) {
int result = 0;
try {
result = value / factor;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "Arithmetic Exception: Division by Zero");
}
return result;
}
private static int applyFunction(BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> function, int a, int b) {
try {
return function.apply(a, b);
}
catch(Exception e) {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "Exception thrown!");
}
return 0;
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
public class MyImmutableListCollector {
public static <T, A extends List<T>> Collector<T, A, List<T>> toImmutableList(Supplier<A> supplier) {
return Collector.of(supplier, List::add, (left, right) -> {
left.addAll(right);
return left;
}, Collections::unmodifiableList);
}
public static <T> Collector<T, List<T>, List<T>> toImmutableList() {
return toImmutableList(ArrayList::new);
}
}

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</configuration>

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package com.baeldung.convert.intstreams;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class IntStreamsConversionsUnitTest {
@Test
public void intStreamToArray() {
int[] first50EvenNumbers = IntStream.iterate(0, i -> i + 2)
.limit(50)
.toArray();
assertThat(first50EvenNumbers).hasSize(50);
assertThat(first50EvenNumbers[2]).isEqualTo(4);
}
@Test
public void intStreamToList() {
List<Integer> first50IntegerNumbers = IntStream.range(0, 50)
.boxed()
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(first50IntegerNumbers).hasSize(50);
assertThat(first50IntegerNumbers.get(2)).isEqualTo(2);
}
@Test
public void intStreamToString() {
String first3numbers = IntStream.of(0, 1, 2)
.mapToObj(String::valueOf)
.collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "[", "]"));
assertThat(first3numbers).isEqualTo("[0, 1, 2]");
}
}

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package com.baeldung.reduce;
import com.baeldung.reduce.entities.User;
import com.baeldung.reduce.utilities.NumberUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class StreamReduceUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenIntegerList_whenReduceWithSumAccumulatorLambda_thenCorrect() {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
int result = numbers.stream().reduce(0, (subtotal, element) -> subtotal + element);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo(21);
}
@Test
public void givenIntegerList_whenReduceWithSumAccumulatorMethodReference_thenCorrect() {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
int result = numbers.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo(21);
}
@Test
public void givenStringList_whenReduceWithConcatenatorAccumulatorLambda_thenCorrect() {
List<String> letters = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
String result = letters.stream().reduce("", (partialString, element) -> partialString + element);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo("abcde");
}
@Test
public void givenStringList_whenReduceWithConcatenatorAccumulatorMethodReference_thenCorrect() {
List<String> letters = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
String result = letters.stream().reduce("", String::concat);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo("abcde");
}
@Test
public void givenStringList_whenReduceWithUppercaseConcatenatorAccumulator_thenCorrect() {
List<String> letters = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
String result = letters.stream().reduce("", (partialString, element) -> partialString.toUpperCase() + element.toUpperCase());
assertThat(result).isEqualTo("ABCDE");
}
@Test
public void givenUserList_whenReduceWithAgeAccumulatorAndSumCombiner_thenCorrect() {
List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User("John", 30), new User("Julie", 35));
int result = users.stream().reduce(0, (partialAgeResult, user) -> partialAgeResult + user.getAge(), Integer::sum);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo(65);
}
@Test
public void givenStringList_whenReduceWithParallelStream_thenCorrect() {
List<String> letters = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
String result = letters.parallelStream().reduce("", String::concat);
assertThat(result).isEqualTo("abcde");
}
@Test
public void givenNumberUtilsClass_whenCalledDivideListElements_thenCorrect() {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
assertThat(NumberUtils.divideListElements(numbers, 1)).isEqualTo(21);
}
@Test
public void givenNumberUtilsClass_whenCalledDivideListElementsWithExtractedTryCatchBlock_thenCorrect() {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
assertThat(NumberUtils.divideListElementsWithExtractedTryCatchBlock(numbers, 1)).isEqualTo(21);
}
@Test
public void givenStream_whneCalleddivideListElementsWithApplyFunctionMethod_thenCorrect() {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
assertThat(NumberUtils.divideListElementsWithApplyFunctionMethod(numbers, 1)).isEqualTo(21);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Detail {
private static final List<String> PARTS = Arrays.asList("turbine", "pump");
public List<String> getParts() {
return PARTS;
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.anyOf;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class Java8FindAnyFindFirstUnitTest {
@Test
public void createStream_whenFindAnyResultIsPresent_thenCorrect() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C", "D");
Optional<String> result = list.stream().findAny();
assertTrue(result.isPresent());
assertThat(result.get(), anyOf(is("A"), is("B"), is("C"), is("D")));
}
@Test
public void createParallelStream_whenFindAnyResultIsPresent_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
Optional<Integer> result = list.stream().parallel().filter(num -> num < 4).findAny();
assertTrue(result.isPresent());
assertThat(result.get(), anyOf(is(1), is(2), is(3)));
}
@Test
public void createStream_whenFindFirstResultIsPresent_thenCorrect() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C", "D");
Optional<String> result = list.stream().findFirst();
assertTrue(result.isPresent());
assertThat(result.get(), is("A"));
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
private long counter;
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Java8StreamApiUnitTest.class);
private List<Product> productList;
@Before
public void init() {
productList = Arrays.asList(new Product(23, "potatoes"), new Product(14, "orange"), new Product(13, "lemon"), new Product(23, "bread"), new Product(13, "sugar"));
}
@Test
public void checkPipeline_whenStreamOneElementShorter_thenCorrect() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc1", "abc2", "abc3");
long size = list.stream().skip(1).map(element -> element.substring(0, 3)).count();
assertEquals(list.size() - 1, size);
}
@Test
public void checkOrder_whenChangeQuantityOfMethodCalls_thenCorrect() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc1", "abc2", "abc3");
counter = 0;
long sizeFirst = list.stream().skip(2).map(element -> {
wasCalled();
return element.substring(0, 3);
}).count();
assertEquals(1, counter);
counter = 0;
long sizeSecond = list.stream().map(element -> {
wasCalled();
return element.substring(0, 3);
}).skip(2).count();
assertEquals(3, counter);
}
@Test
public void createEmptyStream_whenEmpty_thenCorrect() {
Stream<String> streamEmpty = Stream.empty();
assertEquals(0, streamEmpty.count());
List<String> names = Collections.emptyList();
Stream<String> streamOf = Product.streamOf(names);
assertTrue(streamOf.count() == 0);
}
@Test
public void createStream_whenCreated_thenCorrect() {
Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
Stream<String> streamOfCollection = collection.stream();
assertEquals(3, streamOfCollection.count());
Stream<String> streamOfArray = Stream.of("a", "b", "c");
assertEquals(3, streamOfArray.count());
String[] arr = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };
Stream<String> streamOfArrayPart = Arrays.stream(arr, 1, 3);
assertEquals(2, streamOfArrayPart.count());
IntStream intStream = IntStream.range(1, 3);
LongStream longStream = LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 3);
Random random = new Random();
DoubleStream doubleStream = random.doubles(3);
assertEquals(2, intStream.count());
assertEquals(3, longStream.count());
assertEquals(3, doubleStream.count());
IntStream streamOfChars = "abc".chars();
IntStream str = "".chars();
assertEquals(3, streamOfChars.count());
Stream<String> streamOfString = Pattern.compile(", ").splitAsStream("a, b, c");
assertEquals("a", streamOfString.findFirst().get());
Path path = getPath();
Stream<String> streamOfStrings = null;
try {
streamOfStrings = Files.lines(path, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("Error creating streams from paths {}", path, e.getMessage(), e);
}
assertEquals("a", streamOfStrings.findFirst().get());
Stream<String> streamBuilder = Stream.<String> builder().add("a").add("b").add("c").build();
assertEquals(3, streamBuilder.count());
Stream<String> streamGenerated = Stream.generate(() -> "element").limit(10);
assertEquals(10, streamGenerated.count());
Stream<Integer> streamIterated = Stream.iterate(40, n -> n + 2).limit(20);
assertTrue(40 <= streamIterated.findAny().get());
}
@Test
public void runStreamPipeline_whenOrderIsRight_thenCorrect() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc1", "abc2", "abc3");
Optional<String> stream = list.stream().filter(element -> {
log.info("filter() was called");
return element.contains("2");
}).map(element -> {
log.info("map() was called");
return element.toUpperCase();
}).findFirst();
}
@Test
public void reduce_whenExpected_thenCorrect() {
OptionalInt reduced = IntStream.range(1, 4).reduce((a, b) -> a + b);
assertEquals(6, reduced.getAsInt());
int reducedTwoParams = IntStream.range(1, 4).reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b);
assertEquals(16, reducedTwoParams);
int reducedThreeParams = Stream.of(1, 2, 3).reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b, (a, b) -> {
log.info("combiner was called");
return a + b;
});
assertEquals(16, reducedThreeParams);
int reducedThreeParamsParallel = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3).parallelStream().reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b, (a, b) -> {
log.info("combiner was called");
return a + b;
});
assertEquals(36, reducedThreeParamsParallel);
}
@Test
public void collecting_whenAsExpected_thenCorrect() {
List<String> collectorCollection = productList.stream().map(Product::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
assertTrue(collectorCollection instanceof List);
assertEquals(5, collectorCollection.size());
String listToString = productList.stream().map(Product::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "[", "]"));
assertTrue(listToString.contains(",") && listToString.contains("[") && listToString.contains("]"));
double averagePrice = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingInt(Product::getPrice));
assertTrue(17.2 == averagePrice);
int summingPrice = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Product::getPrice));
assertEquals(86, summingPrice);
IntSummaryStatistics statistics = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingInt(Product::getPrice));
assertEquals(23, statistics.getMax());
Map<Integer, List<Product>> collectorMapOfLists = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Product::getPrice));
assertEquals(3, collectorMapOfLists.keySet().size());
Map<Boolean, List<Product>> mapPartioned = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(element -> element.getPrice() > 15));
assertEquals(2, mapPartioned.keySet().size());
}
@Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
public void collect_whenThrows_thenCorrect() {
Set<Product> unmodifiableSet = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), Collections::unmodifiableSet));
unmodifiableSet.add(new Product(4, "tea"));
}
@Test
public void customCollector_whenResultContainsAllElementsFrSource_thenCorrect() {
Collector<Product, ?, LinkedList<Product>> toLinkedList = Collector.of(LinkedList::new, LinkedList::add, (first, second) -> {
first.addAll(second);
return first;
});
LinkedList<Product> linkedListOfPersons = productList.stream().collect(toLinkedList);
assertTrue(linkedListOfPersons.containsAll(productList));
}
@Test
public void parallelStream_whenWorks_thenCorrect() {
Stream<Product> streamOfCollection = productList.parallelStream();
boolean isParallel = streamOfCollection.isParallel();
boolean haveBigPrice = streamOfCollection.map(product -> product.getPrice() * 12).anyMatch(price -> price > 200);
assertTrue(isParallel && haveBigPrice);
}
@Test
public void parallel_whenIsParallel_thenCorrect() {
IntStream intStreamParallel = IntStream.range(1, 150).parallel().map(element -> element * 34);
boolean isParallel = intStreamParallel.isParallel();
assertTrue(isParallel);
}
@Test
public void parallel_whenIsSequential_thenCorrect() {
IntStream intStreamParallel = IntStream.range(1, 150).parallel().map(element -> element * 34);
IntStream intStreamSequential = intStreamParallel.sequential();
boolean isParallel = intStreamParallel.isParallel();
assertFalse(isParallel);
}
private Path getPath() {
Path path = null;
try {
path = Files.createTempFile(null, ".txt");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage());
}
try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(path)) {
writer.write("a\nb\nc");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage());
}
return path;
}
private void wasCalled() {
counter++;
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class Java8StreamsUnitTest {
private List<String> list;
@Before
public void init() {
list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("One");
list.add("OneAndOnly");
list.add("Derek");
list.add("Change");
list.add("factory");
list.add("justBefore");
list.add("Italy");
list.add("Italy");
list.add("Thursday");
list.add("");
list.add("");
}
@Test
public void checkStreamCount_whenCreating_givenDifferentSources() {
String[] arr = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };
Stream<String> streamArr = Arrays.stream(arr);
assertEquals(streamArr.count(), 3);
Stream<String> streamOf = Stream.of("a", "b", "c");
assertEquals(streamOf.count(), 3);
long count = list.stream().distinct().count();
assertEquals(count, 9);
}
@Test
public void checkStreamCount_whenOperationFilter_thanCorrect() {
Stream<String> streamFilter = list.stream().filter(element -> element.isEmpty());
assertEquals(streamFilter.count(), 2);
}
@Test
public void checkStreamCount_whenOperationMap_thanCorrect() {
List<String> uris = new ArrayList<>();
uris.add("C:\\My.txt");
Stream<Path> streamMap = uris.stream().map(uri -> Paths.get(uri));
assertEquals(streamMap.count(), 1);
List<Detail> details = new ArrayList<>();
details.add(new Detail());
details.add(new Detail());
Stream<String> streamFlatMap = details.stream().flatMap(detail -> detail.getParts().stream());
assertEquals(streamFlatMap.count(), 4);
}
@Test
public void checkStreamCount_whenOperationMatch_thenCorrect() {
boolean isValid = list.stream().anyMatch(element -> element.contains("h"));
boolean isValidOne = list.stream().allMatch(element -> element.contains("h"));
boolean isValidTwo = list.stream().noneMatch(element -> element.contains("h"));
assertTrue(isValid);
assertFalse(isValidOne);
assertFalse(isValidTwo);
}
@Test
public void checkStreamReducedValue_whenOperationReduce_thenCorrect() {
List<Integer> integers = new ArrayList<>();
integers.add(1);
integers.add(1);
integers.add(1);
Integer reduced = integers.stream().reduce(23, (a, b) -> a + b);
assertTrue(reduced == 26);
}
@Test
public void checkStreamContains_whenOperationCollect_thenCorrect() {
List<String> resultList = list.stream().map(element -> element.toUpperCase()).collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(resultList.size(), list.size());
assertTrue(resultList.contains(""));
}
@Test
public void checkParallelStream_whenDoWork() {
list.parallelStream().forEach(element -> doWork(element));
}
private void doWork(String string) {
assertTrue(true); // just imitate an amount of work
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class PeekUnitTest {
private StringWriter out;
@BeforeEach
void setup() {
out = new StringWriter();
}
@Test
void givenStringStream_whenCallingPeekOnly_thenNoElementProcessed() {
// given
Stream<String> nameStream = Stream.of("Alice", "Bob", "Chuck");
// when
nameStream.peek(out::append);
// then
assertThat(out.toString()).isEmpty();
}
@Test
void givenStringStream_whenCallingForEachOnly_thenElementsProcessed() {
// given
Stream<String> nameStream = Stream.of("Alice", "Bob", "Chuck");
// when
nameStream.forEach(out::append);
// then
assertThat(out.toString()).isEqualTo("AliceBobChuck");
}
@Test
void givenStringStream_whenCallingPeekAndNoopForEach_thenElementsProcessed() {
// given
Stream<String> nameStream = Stream.of("Alice", "Bob", "Chuck");
// when
nameStream.peek(out::append)
.forEach(this::noop);
// then
assertThat(out.toString()).isEqualTo("AliceBobChuck");
}
@Test
void givenStringStream_whenCallingPeekAndCollect_thenElementsProcessed() {
// given
Stream<String> nameStream = Stream.of("Alice", "Bob", "Chuck");
// when
nameStream.peek(out::append)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// then
assertThat(out.toString()).isEqualTo("AliceBobChuck");
}
@Test
void givenStringStream_whenCallingPeekAndForEach_thenElementsProcessedTwice() {
// given
Stream<String> nameStream = Stream.of("Alice", "Bob", "Chuck");
// when
nameStream.peek(out::append)
.forEach(out::append);
// then
assertThat(out.toString()).isEqualTo("AliceAliceBobBobChuckChuck");
}
@Test
void givenStringStream_whenCallingPeek_thenElementsProcessedTwice() {
// given
Stream<User> userStream = Stream.of(new User("Alice"), new User("Bob"), new User("Chuck"));
// when
userStream.peek(u -> u.setName(u.getName().toLowerCase()))
.map(User::getName)
.forEach(out::append);
// then
assertThat(out.toString()).isEqualTo("alicebobchuck");
}
private static class User {
private String name;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
private void noop(String s) {
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
/**
* Created by Alex Vengr
*/
public class Product {
private int price;
private String name;
private boolean utilize;
public Product(int price, String name) {
this(price);
this.name = name;
}
public Product(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Product() {
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public static Stream<String> streamOf(List<String> list) {
return (list == null || list.isEmpty()) ? Stream.empty() : list.stream();
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class StreamAddUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenStream_whenAppendingObject_thenAppended() {
Stream<String> anStream = Stream.of("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
Stream<String> newStream = Stream.concat(anStream, Stream.of("A"));
List<String> resultList = newStream.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(resultList.get(resultList.size() - 1), "A");
}
@Test
public void givenStream_whenPrependingObject_thenPrepended() {
Stream<Integer> anStream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
Stream<Integer> newStream = Stream.concat(Stream.of(99), anStream);
assertEquals(newStream.findFirst()
.get(), (Integer) 99);
}
@Test
public void givenStream_whenInsertingObject_thenInserted() {
Stream<Double> anStream = Stream.of(1.1, 2.2, 3.3);
Stream<Double> newStream = insertInStream(anStream, 9.9, 3);
List<Double> resultList = newStream.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(resultList.get(3), (Double) 9.9);
}
private <T> Stream<T> insertInStream(Stream<T> stream, T elem, int index) {
List<T> result = stream.collect(Collectors.toList());
result.add(index, elem);
return result.stream();
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class StreamMapUnitTest {
private Map<String, String> books;
@Before
public void setup() {
books = new HashMap<>();
books.put("978-0201633610", "Design patterns : elements of reusable object-oriented software");
books.put("978-1617291999", "Java 8 in Action: Lambdas, Streams, and functional-style programming");
books.put("978-0134685991", "Effective Java");
}
@Test
public void whenOptionalVersionCalledForExistingTitle_thenReturnOptionalWithISBN() {
Optional<String> optionalIsbn = books.entrySet().stream()
.filter(e -> "Effective Java".equals(e.getValue()))
.map(Map.Entry::getKey).findFirst();
assertEquals("978-0134685991", optionalIsbn.get());
}
@Test
public void whenOptionalVersionCalledForNonExistingTitle_thenReturnEmptyOptionalForISBN() {
Optional<String> optionalIsbn = books.entrySet().stream()
.filter(e -> "Non Existent Title".equals(e.getValue()))
.map(Map.Entry::getKey).findFirst();
assertEquals(false, optionalIsbn.isPresent());
}
@Test
public void whenMultipleResultsVersionCalledForExistingTitle_aCollectionWithMultipleValuesIsReturned() {
books.put("978-0321356680", "Effective Java: Second Edition");
List<String> isbnCodes = books.entrySet().stream()
.filter(e -> e.getValue().startsWith("Effective Java"))
.map(Map.Entry::getKey)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertTrue(isbnCodes.contains("978-0321356680"));
assertTrue(isbnCodes.contains("978-0134685991"));
}
@Test
public void whenMultipleResultsVersionCalledForNonExistingTitle_aCollectionWithNoValuesIsReturned() {
List<String> isbnCodes = books.entrySet().stream()
.filter(e -> e.getValue().startsWith("Spring"))
.map(Map.Entry::getKey)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertTrue(isbnCodes.isEmpty());
}
@Test
public void whenKeysFollowingPatternReturnsAllValuesForThoseKeys() {
List<String> titlesForKeyPattern = books.entrySet().stream()
.filter(e -> e.getKey().startsWith("978-0"))
.map(Map.Entry::getValue)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(2, titlesForKeyPattern.size());
assertTrue(titlesForKeyPattern.contains("Design patterns : elements of reusable object-oriented software"));
assertTrue(titlesForKeyPattern.contains("Effective Java"));
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;
public class StreamToImmutableUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenUsingCollectingToImmutableSet_thenSuccess() {
List<String> givenList = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
List<String> result = givenList.stream()
.collect(collectingAndThen(toSet(), ImmutableList::copyOf));
System.out.println(result.getClass());
}
@Test
public void whenUsingCollectingToUnmodifiableList_thenSuccess() {
List<String> givenList = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c"));
List<String> result = givenList.stream()
.collect(collectingAndThen(toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList));
System.out.println(result.getClass());
}
@Test
public void whenCollectToImmutableList_thenSuccess() {
List<Integer> list = IntStream.range(0, 9)
.boxed()
.collect(ImmutableList.toImmutableList());
System.out.println(list.getClass());
}
@Test
public void whenCollectToMyImmutableListCollector_thenSuccess() {
List<String> givenList = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d");
List<String> result = givenList.stream()
.collect(MyImmutableListCollector.toImmutableList());
System.out.println(result.getClass());
}
@Test
public void whenPassingSupplier_thenSuccess() {
List<String> givenList = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d");
List<String> result = givenList.stream()
.collect(MyImmutableListCollector.toImmutableList(LinkedList::new));
System.out.println(result.getClass());
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.removeitem;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class StreamOperateAndRemoveUnitTest {
private List<Item> itemList;
@Before
public void setup() {
itemList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
itemList.add(new Item(i));
}
}
@Test
public void givenAListOf10Items_whenFilteredForQualifiedItems_thenFilteredListContains5Items() {
final List<Item> filteredList = itemList.stream().filter(item -> item.isQualified())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
Assert.assertEquals(5, filteredList.size());
}
@Test
public void givenAListOf10Items_whenOperateAndRemoveQualifiedItemsUsingRemoveIf_thenListContains5Items() {
final Predicate<Item> isQualified = item -> item.isQualified();
itemList.stream().filter(isQualified).forEach(item -> item.operate());
itemList.removeIf(isQualified);
Assert.assertEquals(5, itemList.size());
}
@Test
public void givenAListOf10Items_whenOperateAndRemoveQualifiedItemsUsingRemoveAll_thenListContains5Items() {
final List<Item> operatedList = new ArrayList<>();
itemList.stream().filter(item -> item.isQualified()).forEach(item -> {
item.operate();
operatedList.add(item);
});
itemList.removeAll(operatedList);
Assert.assertEquals(5, itemList.size());
}
class Item {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
private final int value;
public Item(final int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public boolean isQualified() {
return value % 2 == 0;
}
public void operate() {
logger.info("Even Number: " + this.value);
}
}
}

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## Core Java streams
This module contains articles about the Stream API in Java.
### Relevant Articles:
- [The Difference Between map() and flatMap()](https://www.baeldung.com/java-difference-map-and-flatmap)
- [How to Use if/else Logic in Java 8 Streams](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-streams-if-else-logic)
- [The Difference Between Collection.stream().forEach() and Collection.forEach()](https://www.baeldung.com/java-collection-stream-foreach)
- [Primitive Type Streams in Java 8](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-primitive-streams)
- [Debugging Java 8 Streams with IntelliJ](https://www.baeldung.com/intellij-debugging-java-streams)
- [Add BigDecimals using the Stream API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-add-bigdecimals)
- [Should We Close a Java Stream?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-close)
- [Returning Stream vs. Collection](https://www.baeldung.com/java-return-stream-collection)
- [Convert a Java Enumeration Into a Stream](https://www.baeldung.com/java-enumeration-to-stream)
- [When to Use a Parallel Stream in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-when-to-use-parallel-stream)
- More articles: [[<-- prev>]](/../core-java-streams-2)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>core-java-streams-3</artifactId>
<version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>core-java-streams-3</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
<artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
<artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
<version>${jmh-core.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
<artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
<version>${jmh-generator.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>core-java-streams-3</finalName>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<annotationProcessorPaths>
<path>
<groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
<artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
<version>${jmh-generator.version}</version>
</path>
</annotationProcessorPaths>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<lombok.version>1.18.20</lombok.version>
</properties>
</project>

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package com.baeldung.streams.closure;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
/**
* Contains a couple of simple stream API usages.
*/
public class StreamClosureSnippets {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// Collection based streams shouldn't be closed
Arrays.asList("Red", "Blue", "Green")
.stream()
.filter(c -> c.length() > 4)
.map(String::toUpperCase)
.forEach(System.out::print);
String[] colors = {"Red", "Blue", "Green"};
Arrays.stream(colors).map(String::toUpperCase).forEach(System.out::println);
// IO-Based Streams Should be Closed via Try with Resources
try (Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(Paths.get("/path/tp/file"))) {
// lines will be closed after exiting the try block
}
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.conversion;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Spliterators.AbstractSpliterator;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
public class EnumerationSpliterator<T> extends AbstractSpliterator<T> {
private final Enumeration<T> enumeration;
public EnumerationSpliterator(long est, int additionalCharacteristics, Enumeration<T> enumeration) {
super(est, additionalCharacteristics);
this.enumeration = enumeration;
}
@Override
public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super T> action) {
if (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
action.accept(enumeration.nextElement());
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super T> action) {
while (enumeration.hasMoreElements())
action.accept(enumeration.nextElement());
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.conversion;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
public class EnumerationStreamConversion {
public static <T> Stream<T> convert(Enumeration<T> enumeration) {
EnumerationSpliterator<T> spliterator = new EnumerationSpliterator<T>(Long.MAX_VALUE, Spliterator.ORDERED, enumeration);
Stream<T> stream = StreamSupport.stream(spliterator, false);
return stream;
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.debug.entity;
public class Customer {
private final String name;
private final int age;
public Customer(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.forEach;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
class ReverseList extends ArrayList<String> {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C", "D");
Consumer<String> removeElement = s -> {
System.out.println(s + " " + list.size());
if (s != null && s.equals("A")) {
list.remove("D");
}
};
@Override
public Iterator<String> iterator() {
final int startIndex = this.size() - 1;
final List<String> list = this;
return new Iterator<String>() {
int currentIndex = startIndex;
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return currentIndex >= 0;
}
@Override
public String next() {
String next = list.get(currentIndex);
currentIndex--;
return next;
}
@Override
public void remove() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
};
}
public void forEach(Consumer<? super String> action) {
for (String s : this) {
action.accept(s);
}
}
public void iterateParallel() {
list.forEach(System.out::print);
System.out.print(" ");
list.parallelStream().forEach(System.out::print);
}
public void iterateReverse() {
List<String> myList = new ReverseList();
myList.addAll(list);
myList.forEach(System.out::print);
System.out.print(" ");
myList.stream().forEach(System.out::print);
}
public void removeInCollectionForEach() {
list.forEach(removeElement);
}
public void removeInStreamForEach() {
list.stream().forEach(removeElement);
}
public static void main(String[] argv) {
ReverseList collectionForEach = new ReverseList();
collectionForEach.iterateParallel();
collectionForEach.iterateReverse();
collectionForEach.removeInCollectionForEach();
collectionForEach.removeInStreamForEach();
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
public class BenchmarkRunner {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class DifferentSourceSplitting {
private static final List<Integer> arrayListOfNumbers = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<Integer> linkedListOfNumbers = new LinkedList<>();
static {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 1_000_000).forEach(i -> {
arrayListOfNumbers.add(i);
linkedListOfNumbers.add(i);
});
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void differentSourceArrayListSequential() {
arrayListOfNumbers.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void differentSourceArrayListParallel() {
arrayListOfNumbers.parallelStream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void differentSourceLinkedListSequential() {
linkedListOfNumbers.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void differentSourceLinkedListParallel() {
linkedListOfNumbers.parallelStream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class MemoryLocalityCosts {
private static final int[] intArray = new int[1_000_000];
private static final Integer[] integerArray = new Integer[1_000_000];
static {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 1_000_000).forEach(i -> {
intArray[i-1] = i;
integerArray[i-1] = i;
});
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void localityIntArraySequential() {
Arrays.stream(intArray).reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void localityIntArrayParallel() {
Arrays.stream(intArray).parallel().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void localityIntegerArraySequential() {
Arrays.stream(integerArray).reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void localityIntegerArrayParallel() {
Arrays.stream(integerArray).parallel().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class MergingCosts {
private static final List<Integer> arrayListOfNumbers = new ArrayList<>();
static {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 1_000_000).forEach(i -> {
arrayListOfNumbers.add(i);
});
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void mergingCostsSumSequential() {
arrayListOfNumbers.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void mergingCostsSumParallel() {
arrayListOfNumbers.stream().parallel().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void mergingCostsGroupingSequential() {
arrayListOfNumbers.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void mergingCostsGroupingParallel() {
arrayListOfNumbers.stream().parallel().collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class ParallelStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
listOfNumbers.parallelStream().forEach(number ->
System.out.println(number + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName())
);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class SequentialStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
listOfNumbers.stream().forEach(number ->
System.out.println(number + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName())
);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class SplittingCosts {
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void sourceSplittingIntStreamSequential() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 100).reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public static void sourceSplittingIntStreamParallel() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 100).parallel().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.primitivestreams;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
class PrimitiveStreams {
int min(int[] integers) {
return Arrays.stream(integers).min().getAsInt();
}
int max(int... integers) {
return IntStream.of(integers).max().getAsInt();
}
int sum(int... integers) {
return IntStream.of(integers).sum();
}
double avg(int... integers) {
return IntStream.of(integers).average().getAsDouble();
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.streamvscollection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class StreamVsCollectionExample {
static ArrayList<String> userNameSource = new ArrayList<>();
static {
userNameSource.add("john");
userNameSource.add("smith");
userNameSource.add("tom");
userNameSource.add("rob");
userNameSource.add("charlie");
userNameSource.add("alfred");
}
public static Stream<String> userNames() {
return userNameSource.stream();
}
public static List<String> userNameList() {
return userNames().collect(Collectors.toList());
}
public static Set<String> userNameSet() {
return userNames().collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
public static Map<String, String> userNameMap() {
return userNames().collect(Collectors.toMap(u1 -> u1.toString(), u1 -> u1.toString()));
}
public static Stream<String> filterUserNames() {
return userNames().filter(i -> i.length() >= 4);
}
public static Stream<String> sortUserNames() {
return userNames().sorted();
}
public static Stream<String> limitUserNames() {
return userNames().limit(3);
}
public static Stream<String> sortFilterLimitUserNames() {
return filterUserNames().sorted().limit(3);
}
public static void printStream(Stream<String> stream) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
public static void modifyList() {
userNameSource.remove(2);
}
public static Map<String, String> modifyMap() {
Map<String, String> userNameMap = userNameMap();
userNameMap.put("bob", "bob");
userNameMap.remove("alfred");
return userNameMap;
}
public static void tryStreamTraversal() {
Stream<String> userNameStream = userNames();
userNameStream.forEach(System.out::println);
try {
userNameStream.forEach(System.out::println);
} catch(IllegalStateException e) {
System.out.println("stream has already been operated upon or closed");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(userNameMap());
System.out.println(modifyMap());
tryStreamTraversal();
Set<String> set = userNames().collect(Collectors.toCollection(TreeSet::new));
set.forEach(val -> System.out.println(val));
}
}

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</configuration>

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package com.baeldung.streams.bigdecimals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.junit.Test;
public class AddNumbersUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenIntStream_whenSum_thenResultIsCorrect() {
IntStream intNumbers = IntStream.range(0, 3);
assertEquals(3, intNumbers.sum());
}
@Test
public void givenCollectionOfDouble_whenUsingMapToDoubleToSum_thenResultIsCorrect() {
List<Double> doubleNumbers = Arrays.asList(23.48, 52.26, 13.5);
double result = doubleNumbers.stream()
.mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue)
.sum();
assertEquals(89.24, result, .1);
}
public void givenStreamOfIntegers_whenUsingReduceToSum_thenResultIsCorrect() {
Stream<Integer> intNumbers = Stream.of(0, 1, 2);
int result = intNumbers.reduce(0, Integer::sum);
assertEquals(106, result);
}
public void givenStreamOfBigDecimals_whenUsingReduceToSum_thenResultIsCorrect() {
Stream<BigDecimal> bigDecimalNumber = Stream.of(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal.ONE, BigDecimal.TEN);
BigDecimal result = bigDecimalNumber.reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add);
assertEquals(11, result);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.conditional;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
public class StreamForEachIfElseUnitTest {
@Test
public final void givenIntegerStream_whenCheckingIntegerParityWithIfElse_thenEnsureCorrectParity() {
List<Integer> ints = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
ints.stream()
.forEach(i -> {
if (i.intValue() % 2 == 0) {
Assert.assertTrue(i.intValue() + " is not even", i.intValue() % 2 == 0);
} else {
Assert.assertTrue(i.intValue() + " is not odd", i.intValue() % 2 != 0);
}
});
}
@Test
public final void givenIntegerStream_whenCheckingIntegerParityWithStreamFilter_thenEnsureCorrectParity() {
List<Integer> ints = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
Stream<Integer> evenIntegers = ints.stream()
.filter(i -> i.intValue() % 2 == 0);
Stream<Integer> oddIntegers = ints.stream()
.filter(i -> i.intValue() % 2 != 0);
evenIntegers.forEach(i -> Assert.assertTrue(i.intValue() + " is not even", i.intValue() % 2 == 0));
oddIntegers.forEach(i -> Assert.assertTrue(i.intValue() + " is not odd", i.intValue() % 2 != 0));
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.conversion;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsIterableContainingInOrder.contains;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class EnumerationStreamConversionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenEnumeration_whenConvertedToStream_thenNotNull() {
Vector<Integer> input = new Vector<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
Stream<Integer> resultingStream = EnumerationStreamConversion.convert(input.elements());
Assert.assertNotNull(resultingStream);
}
@Test
public void whenConvertedToList_thenCorrect() {
Vector<Integer> input = new Vector<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
Stream<Integer> stream = EnumerationStreamConversion.convert(input.elements());
List<Integer> list = stream.filter(e -> e >= 3)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(list, contains(3, 4, 5));
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.debug;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import org.junit.Test;
public class Example1 {
@Test
public void whenDebugging_thenInformationIsShown() {
int[] listOutputSorted = IntStream.of(-3, 10, -4, 1, 3)
.sorted()
.toArray();
assertThat(listOutputSorted).isSorted();
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.debug;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.baeldung.streams.debug.entity.Customer;
public class Example2 {
@Test
public void whenDebugging_thenInformationIsShown() {
List<Optional<Customer>> customers = Arrays.asList(
Optional.of(new Customer("John P.", 15)),
Optional.of(new Customer("Sarah M.", 78)),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.of(new Customer("Mary T.", 20)),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.of(new Customer("Florian G.", 89)),
Optional.empty()
);
long numberOf65PlusCustomers = customers.stream()
.flatMap(c -> c.map(Stream::of)
.orElseGet(Stream::empty))
.mapToInt(Customer::getAge)
.filter(c -> c > 65)
.count();
assertThat(numberOf65PlusCustomers).isEqualTo(2);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.parallel;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
class ForkJoinUnitTest {
@Test
void givenSequentialStreamOfNumbers_whenReducingSumWithIdentityFive_thenResultIsCorrect() {
List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
int sum = listOfNumbers.stream().reduce(5, Integer::sum);
assertThat(sum).isEqualTo(15);
}
@Test
void givenParallelStreamOfNumbers_whenReducingSumWithIdentityFive_thenResultIsNotCorrect() {
List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
int sum = listOfNumbers.parallelStream().reduce(5, Integer::sum);
assertThat(sum).isNotEqualTo(15);
}
@Test
void givenParallelStreamOfNumbers_whenReducingSumWithIdentityZero_thenResultIsCorrect() {
List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
int sum = listOfNumbers.parallelStream().reduce(0, Integer::sum) + 5;
assertThat(sum).isEqualTo(15);
}
@Test
public void givenParallelStreamOfNumbers_whenUsingCustomThreadPool_thenResultIsCorrect()
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
List<Integer> listOfNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
ForkJoinPool customThreadPool = new ForkJoinPool(4);
int sum = customThreadPool.submit(
() -> listOfNumbers.parallelStream().reduce(0, Integer::sum)).get();
customThreadPool.shutdown();
assertThat(sum).isEqualTo(10);
}
}

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package com.baeldung.streams.primitivestreams;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class PrimitiveStreamsUnitTest {
private PrimitiveStreams streams = new PrimitiveStreams();
@Test
public void givenAnArrayOfIntegersWhenMinIsCalledThenCorrectMinIsReturned() {
int[] integers = new int[] { 20, 98, 12, 7, 35 };
int min = streams.min(integers); // returns 7
assertEquals(7, min);
}
@Test
public void givenAnArrayOfIntegersWhenMaxIsCalledThenCorrectMaxIsReturned() {
int max = streams.max(20, 98, 12, 7, 35);
assertEquals(98, max);
}
@Test
public void givenAnArrayOfIntegersWhenSumIsCalledThenCorrectSumIsReturned() {
int sum = streams.sum(20, 98, 12, 7, 35);
assertEquals(172, sum);
}
@Test
public void givenAnArrayOfIntegersWhenAvgIsCalledThenCorrectAvgIsReturned() {
double avg = streams.avg(20, 98, 12, 7, 35);
assertTrue(34.4 == avg);
}
@Test
public void givenARangeOfIntegersWhenIntStreamSumIsCalledThenCorrectSumIsReturned() {
int sum = IntStream.range(1, 10).sum();
assertEquals(45, sum);
}
@Test
public void givenARangeClosedOfIntegersWhenIntStreamSumIsCalledThenCorrectSumIsReturned() {
int sum = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).sum();
assertEquals(55, sum);
}
@Test
public void givenARangeWhenForEachIsCalledThenTheIndicesWillBePrinted() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).parallel().forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void givenAnArrayWhenSumIsCalledThenTheCorrectSumIsReturned() {
int sum = Stream.of(33, 45).mapToInt(i -> i).sum();
assertEquals(78, sum);
}
@Test
public void givenAnIntStreamThenGetTheEvenIntegers() {
List<Integer> evenInts = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).filter(i -> i % 2 == 0).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
List<Integer> expected = IntStream.of(2, 4, 6, 8, 10).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(expected, evenInts);
}
class Person {
private int age;
Person(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
int getAge() {
return age;
}
}
}

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## Relevant Articles:
- [Count Occurrences Using Java groupingBy Collector](https://www.baeldung.com/java-groupingby-count)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>core-java-streams-4</artifactId>
<version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>core-java-streams-4</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>com.baeldung.core-java-modules</groupId>
<artifactId>core-java-modules</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
<version>${junit-jupiter.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>core-java-streams-4</finalName>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
<compilerArgument>-parameters</compilerArgument>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<!-- testing -->
<maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>

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package com.baeldung.streamcollectors;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
public class StreamGroupingByCollectorUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenListOfStrings_whenGroupingEqualStrings_thenUseCollectorsGroupingByToGroupEqualStringsAndCountOfOccurrences() {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Foo", "Bar", "Bar", "Foo", "Bar"));
Map<String, Long> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Function.identity(), Collectors.counting()));
Assert.assertEquals(new Long(2), result.get("Foo"));
Assert.assertEquals(new Long(3), result.get("Bar"));
}
@Test
public void givenListOfStrings_whenGroupingEqualLengthStrings_thenUseCollectorsGroupingByConcurrentToGroupEqualLengthStringsAndCountOfOccurrences() {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Adam", "Bill", "Jack", "Joe", "Ian"));
Map<Integer, Long> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingByConcurrent(String::length, Collectors.counting()));
Assert.assertEquals(new Long(2), result.get(3));
Assert.assertEquals(new Long(3), result.get(4));
}
@Test
public void givenListOfEmployees_whenGroupingDepartmentId_thenUseCollectorsGroupingByDepartmentIdAndCountNumberOfEmployeesWithinEveryDepartment() {
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new Employee(1, "Joe", 1), new Employee(2, "Josh", 1), new Employee(3, "Jamie", 2), new Employee(4, "Jim", 2), new Employee(5, "Jack", 2)));
Map<Integer, Long> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Employee::getDepartmentId, Collectors.counting()));
Assert.assertEquals(new Long(2), result.get(1));
Assert.assertEquals(new Long(3), result.get(2));
}
static class Employee {
Integer employeeId;
String employeeName;
Integer departmentId;
Employee(Integer employeeId, String employeeName, Integer departmentId) {
this.employeeId = employeeId;
this.employeeName = employeeName;
this.departmentId = departmentId;
}
public Integer getEmployeeId() {
return employeeId;
}
public void setEmployeeId(Integer employeeId) {
this.employeeId = employeeId;
}
public String getEmployeeName() {
return employeeName;
}
public void setEmployeeName(String employeeName) {
this.employeeName = employeeName;
}
public Integer getDepartmentId() {
return departmentId;
}
public void setDepartmentId(Integer departmentId) {
this.departmentId = departmentId;
}
}
}