---
layout: default
title: JSON Support
parent: SQL
nav_order: 7
---

# JSON Support

SQL plugin supports JSON by following [PartiQL](https://partiql.org/) specification, a SQL-compatible query language that lets you query semi-structured and nested data for any data format. The SQL plugin only supports a subset of the PartiQL specification.

## Querying nested collection

PartiQL extends SQL to allow you to query and unnest nested collections. In OpenSearch, this is very useful to query a JSON index with nested objects or fields.

To follow along, use the `bulk` operation to index some sample data:

```json
POST employees_nested/_bulk?refresh
{"index":{"_id":"1"}}
{"id":3,"name":"Bob Smith","title":null,"projects":[{"name":"SQL Spectrum querying","started_year":1990},{"name":"SQL security","started_year":1999},{"name":"OpenSearch security","started_year":2015}]}
{"index":{"_id":"2"}}
{"id":4,"name":"Susan Smith","title":"Dev Mgr","projects":[]}
{"index":{"_id":"3"}}
{"id":6,"name":"Jane Smith","title":"Software Eng 2","projects":[{"name":"SQL security","started_year":1998},{"name":"Hello security","started_year":2015,"address":[{"city":"Dallas","state":"TX"}]}]}
```

### Example 1: Unnesting a nested collection

This example finds the nested document (`projects`) with a field value (`name`) that satisfies the predicate (contains `security`). Because each parent document can have more than one nested documents, the nested document that matches is flattened. In other words, the final result is the cartesian product between the parent and nested documents.

```sql
SELECT e.name AS employeeName,
       p.name AS projectName
FROM employees_nested AS e,
       e.projects AS p
WHERE p.name LIKE '%security%'
```

Explain:

```json
{
  "from" : 0,
  "size" : 200,
  "query" : {
    "bool" : {
      "filter" : [
        {
          "bool" : {
            "must" : [
              {
                "nested" : {
                  "query" : {
                    "wildcard" : {
                      "projects.name" : {
                        "wildcard" : "*security*",
                        "boost" : 1.0
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  "path" : "projects",
                  "ignore_unmapped" : false,
                  "score_mode" : "none",
                  "boost" : 1.0,
                  "inner_hits" : {
                    "ignore_unmapped" : false,
                    "from" : 0,
                    "size" : 3,
                    "version" : false,
                    "seq_no_primary_term" : false,
                    "explain" : false,
                    "track_scores" : false,
                    "_source" : {
                      "includes" : [
                        "projects.name"
                      ],
                      "excludes" : [ ]
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
            "boost" : 1.0
          }
        }
      ],
      "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
      "boost" : 1.0
    }
  },
  "_source" : {
    "includes" : [
      "name"
    ],
    "excludes" : [ ]
  }
}
```

Result set:

| employeeName | projectName
:--- | :---
Bob Smith | OpenSearch Security
Bob Smith | SQL security
Jane Smith | Hello security
Jane Smith | SQL security

### Example 2: Unnesting in existential subquery

To unnest a nested collection in a subquery to check if it satisfies a condition:

```sql
SELECT e.name AS employeeName
FROM employees_nested AS e
WHERE EXISTS (
    SELECT *
    FROM e.projects AS p
    WHERE p.name LIKE '%security%'
)
```

Explain:

```json
{
  "from" : 0,
  "size" : 200,
  "query" : {
    "bool" : {
      "filter" : [
        {
          "bool" : {
            "must" : [
              {
                "nested" : {
                  "query" : {
                    "bool" : {
                      "must" : [
                        {
                          "bool" : {
                            "must" : [
                              {
                                "bool" : {
                                  "must_not" : [
                                    {
                                      "bool" : {
                                        "must_not" : [
                                          {
                                            "exists" : {
                                              "field" : "projects",
                                              "boost" : 1.0
                                            }
                                          }
                                        ],
                                        "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
                                        "boost" : 1.0
                                      }
                                    }
                                  ],
                                  "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
                                  "boost" : 1.0
                                }
                              },
                              {
                                "wildcard" : {
                                  "projects.name" : {
                                    "wildcard" : "*security*",
                                    "boost" : 1.0
                                  }
                                }
                              }
                            ],
                            "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
                            "boost" : 1.0
                          }
                        }
                      ],
                      "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
                      "boost" : 1.0
                    }
                  },
                  "path" : "projects",
                  "ignore_unmapped" : false,
                  "score_mode" : "none",
                  "boost" : 1.0
                }
              }
            ],
            "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
            "boost" : 1.0
          }
        }
      ],
      "adjust_pure_negative" : true,
      "boost" : 1.0
    }
  },
  "_source" : {
    "includes" : [
      "name"
    ],
    "excludes" : [ ]
  }
}
```

Result set:

| employeeName |
:--- | :---
Bob Smith |
Jane Smith |