Initial checkin to GitHub -- has extensive changes to conform to the latest API model to match the 0.3.6 (Sept. 2, 2013) release.

builder/qemu/artifact.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// Artifact is the result of running the VirtualBox builder, namely a set
+// of files associated with the resulting machine.
+type Artifact struct {
+	dir string
+	f   []string
+}
+
+func (*Artifact) BuilderId() string {
+	return BuilderId
+}
+
+func (a *Artifact) Files() []string {
+	return a.f
+}
+
+func (*Artifact) Id() string {
+	return "VM"
+}
+
+func (a *Artifact) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("VM files in directory: %s", a.dir)
+}
+
+func (a *Artifact) Destroy() error {
+	return os.RemoveAll(a.dir)
+}

builder/qemu/builder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/common"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const BuilderId = "tdhite.qemu"
+
+type Builder struct {
+	config config
+	runner multistep.Runner
+}
+
+type config struct {
+	common.PackerConfig `mapstructure:",squash"`
+
+	BootCommand     []string   `mapstructure:"boot_command"`
+	DiskSize        uint       `mapstructure:"disk_size"`
+	FloppyFiles     []string   `mapstructure:"floppy_files"`
+	Format          string     `mapstructure:"format"`
+	Accelerator     string     `mapstructure:"accelerator"`
+	Headless        bool       `mapstructure:"headless"`
+	HTTPDir         string     `mapstructure:"http_directory"`
+	HTTPPortMin     uint       `mapstructure:"http_port_min"`
+	HTTPPortMax     uint       `mapstructure:"http_port_max"`
+	ISOChecksum     string     `mapstructure:"iso_checksum"`
+	ISOChecksumType string     `mapstructure:"iso_checksum_type"`
+	ISOUrls         []string   `mapstructure:"iso_urls"`
+	OutputDir       string     `mapstructure:"output_directory"`
+	QemuArgs        [][]string `mapstructure:"qemuargs"`
+	ShutdownCommand string     `mapstructure:"shutdown_command"`
+	SSHHostPortMin  uint       `mapstructure:"ssh_host_port_min"`
+	SSHHostPortMax  uint       `mapstructure:"ssh_host_port_max"`
+	SSHPassword     string     `mapstructure:"ssh_password"`
+	SSHPort         uint       `mapstructure:"ssh_port"`
+	SSHUser         string     `mapstructure:"ssh_username"`
+	SSHKeyPath      string     `mapstructure:"ssh_key_path"`
+	VNCPortMin      uint       `mapstructure:"vnc_port_min"`
+	VNCPortMax      uint       `mapstructure:"vnc_port_max"`
+	VMName          string     `mapstructure:"vm_name"`
+
+	RawBootWait        string `mapstructure:"boot_wait"`
+	RawSingleISOUrl    string `mapstructure:"iso_url"`
+	RawShutdownTimeout string `mapstructure:"shutdown_timeout"`
+	RawSSHWaitTimeout  string `mapstructure:"ssh_wait_timeout"`
+
+	bootWait        time.Duration ``
+	shutdownTimeout time.Duration ``
+	sshWaitTimeout  time.Duration ``
+	tpl             *packer.ConfigTemplate
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) Prepare(raws ...interface{}) error {
+	md, err := common.DecodeConfig(&b.config, raws...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	b.config.tpl, err = packer.NewConfigTemplate()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	b.config.tpl.UserVars = b.config.PackerUserVars
+
+	// Accumulate any errors
+	errs := common.CheckUnusedConfig(md)
+
+	if b.config.DiskSize == 0 {
+		b.config.DiskSize = 40000
+	}
+
+	if b.config.FloppyFiles == nil {
+		b.config.FloppyFiles = make([]string, 0)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.Accelerator == "" {
+		b.config.Accelerator = "kvm"
+	}
+
+	if b.config.HTTPPortMin == 0 {
+		b.config.HTTPPortMin = 8000
+	}
+
+	if b.config.HTTPPortMax == 0 {
+		b.config.HTTPPortMax = 9000
+	}
+
+	if b.config.OutputDir == "" {
+		b.config.OutputDir = fmt.Sprintf("output-%s", b.config.PackerBuildName)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.RawBootWait == "" {
+		b.config.RawBootWait = "10s"
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHHostPortMin == 0 {
+		b.config.SSHHostPortMin = 2222
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHHostPortMax == 0 {
+		b.config.SSHHostPortMax = 4444
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHPort == 0 {
+		b.config.SSHPort = 22
+	}
+
+	if b.config.VNCPortMin == 0 {
+		b.config.VNCPortMin = 5900
+	}
+
+	if b.config.VNCPortMax == 0 {
+		b.config.VNCPortMax = 6000
+	}
+
+	if b.config.QemuArgs == nil {
+		b.config.QemuArgs = make([][]string, 0)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.VMName == "" {
+		b.config.VMName = fmt.Sprintf("packer-%s", b.config.PackerBuildName)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.Format == "" {
+		b.config.Format = "qcow2"
+	}
+
+	// Errors
+	templates := map[string]*string{
+		"http_directory":    &b.config.HTTPDir,
+		"iso_checksum":      &b.config.ISOChecksum,
+		"iso_checksum_type": &b.config.ISOChecksumType,
+		"iso_url":           &b.config.RawSingleISOUrl,
+		"output_directory":  &b.config.OutputDir,
+		"shutdown_command":  &b.config.ShutdownCommand,
+		"ssh_password":      &b.config.SSHPassword,
+		"ssh_username":      &b.config.SSHUser,
+		"vm_name":           &b.config.VMName,
+		"format":            &b.config.Format,
+		"boot_wait":         &b.config.RawBootWait,
+		"shutdown_timeout":  &b.config.RawShutdownTimeout,
+		"ssh_wait_timeout":  &b.config.RawSSHWaitTimeout,
+		"accelerator":       &b.config.Accelerator,
+	}
+
+	for n, ptr := range templates {
+		var err error
+		*ptr, err = b.config.tpl.Process(*ptr, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs, fmt.Errorf("Error processing %s: %s", n, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, url := range b.config.ISOUrls {
+		var err error
+		b.config.ISOUrls[i], err = b.config.tpl.Process(url, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs, fmt.Errorf("Error processing iso_urls[%d]: %s", i, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, command := range b.config.BootCommand {
+		if err := b.config.tpl.Validate(command); err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs,
+				fmt.Errorf("Error processing boot_command[%d]: %s", i, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, file := range b.config.FloppyFiles {
+		var err error
+		b.config.FloppyFiles[i], err = b.config.tpl.Process(file, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs,
+				fmt.Errorf("Error processing floppy_files[%d]: %s",
+					i, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !(b.config.Format == "qcow2" || b.config.Format == "raw") {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("invalid format, only 'ovf' or 'ova' are allowed"))
+	}
+
+	if !(b.config.Accelerator == "kvm" || b.config.Accelerator == "xen") {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("invalid format, only 'kvm' or 'xen' are allowed"))
+	}
+
+	if b.config.HTTPPortMin > b.config.HTTPPortMax {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("http_port_min must be less than http_port_max"))
+	}
+
+	if b.config.ISOChecksum == "" {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("Due to large file sizes, an iso_checksum is required"))
+	} else {
+		b.config.ISOChecksum = strings.ToLower(b.config.ISOChecksum)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.ISOChecksumType == "" {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("The iso_checksum_type must be specified."))
+	} else {
+		b.config.ISOChecksumType = strings.ToLower(b.config.ISOChecksumType)
+		if h := common.HashForType(b.config.ISOChecksumType); h == nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs,
+				fmt.Errorf("Unsupported checksum type: %s", b.config.ISOChecksumType))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if b.config.RawSingleISOUrl == "" && len(b.config.ISOUrls) == 0 {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("One of iso_url or iso_urls must be specified."))
+	} else if b.config.RawSingleISOUrl != "" && len(b.config.ISOUrls) > 0 {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("Only one of iso_url or iso_urls may be specified."))
+	} else if b.config.RawSingleISOUrl != "" {
+		b.config.ISOUrls = []string{b.config.RawSingleISOUrl}
+	}
+
+	for i, url := range b.config.ISOUrls {
+		b.config.ISOUrls[i], err = common.DownloadableURL(url)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed to parse iso_url %d: %s", i+1, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !b.config.PackerForce {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(b.config.OutputDir); err == nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs,
+				fmt.Errorf("Output directory '%s' already exists. It must not exist.", b.config.OutputDir))
+		}
+	}
+
+	b.config.bootWait, err = time.ParseDuration(b.config.RawBootWait)
+	if err != nil {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed parsing boot_wait: %s", err))
+	}
+
+	if b.config.RawShutdownTimeout == "" {
+		b.config.RawShutdownTimeout = "5m"
+	}
+
+	if b.config.RawSSHWaitTimeout == "" {
+		b.config.RawSSHWaitTimeout = "20m"
+	}
+
+	b.config.shutdownTimeout, err = time.ParseDuration(b.config.RawShutdownTimeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed parsing shutdown_timeout: %s", err))
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHKeyPath != "" {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(b.config.SSHKeyPath); err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs, fmt.Errorf("ssh_key_path is invalid: %s", err))
+		} else if _, err := sshKeyToKeyring(b.config.SSHKeyPath); err != nil {
+			errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+				errs, fmt.Errorf("ssh_key_path is invalid: %s", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHHostPortMin > b.config.SSHHostPortMax {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("ssh_host_port_min must be less than ssh_host_port_max"))
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHUser == "" {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, errors.New("An ssh_username must be specified."))
+	}
+
+	b.config.sshWaitTimeout, err = time.ParseDuration(b.config.RawSSHWaitTimeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed parsing ssh_wait_timeout: %s", err))
+	}
+
+	if b.config.VNCPortMin > b.config.VNCPortMax {
+		errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(
+			errs, fmt.Errorf("vnc_port_min must be less than vnc_port_max"))
+	}
+
+	for i, args := range b.config.QemuArgs {
+		for j, arg := range args {
+			if err := b.config.tpl.Validate(arg); err != nil {
+				errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs,
+					fmt.Errorf("Error processing qemu-system_x86-64[%d][%d]: %s", i, j, err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if errs != nil && len(errs.Errors) > 0 {
+		return errs
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) Run(ui packer.Ui, hook packer.Hook, cache packer.Cache) (packer.Artifact, error) {
+	// Create the driver that we'll use to communicate with Qemu
+	driver, err := b.newDriver()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed creating Qemu driver: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	steps := []multistep.Step{
+		&common.StepDownload{
+			Checksum:     b.config.ISOChecksum,
+			ChecksumType: b.config.ISOChecksumType,
+			Description:  "ISO",
+			ResultKey:    "iso_path",
+			Url:          b.config.ISOUrls,
+		},
+		new(stepPrepareOutputDir),
+		&common.StepCreateFloppy{
+			Files: b.config.FloppyFiles,
+		},
+		new(stepCreateDisk),
+		new(stepSuppressMessages),
+		new(stepHTTPServer),
+		new(stepForwardSSH),
+		new(stepConfigureVNC),
+		new(stepRun),
+		&common.StepConnectSSH{
+			SSHAddress:     sshAddress,
+			SSHConfig:      sshConfig,
+			SSHWaitTimeout: b.config.sshWaitTimeout,
+		},
+		new(common.StepProvision),
+		new(stepShutdown),
+	}
+
+	// Setup the state bag
+	state := new(multistep.BasicStateBag)
+	state.Put("cache", cache)
+	state.Put("config", &b.config)
+	state.Put("driver", driver)
+	state.Put("hook", hook)
+	state.Put("ui", ui)
+
+	// Run
+	if b.config.PackerDebug {
+		b.runner = &multistep.DebugRunner{
+			Steps:   steps,
+			PauseFn: common.MultistepDebugFn(ui),
+		}
+	} else {
+		b.runner = &multistep.BasicRunner{Steps: steps}
+	}
+
+	b.runner.Run(state)
+
+	// If there was an error, return that
+	if rawErr, ok := state.GetOk("error"); ok {
+		return nil, rawErr.(error)
+	}
+
+	// If we were interrupted or cancelled, then just exit.
+	if _, ok := state.GetOk(multistep.StateCancelled); ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("Build was cancelled.")
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := state.GetOk(multistep.StateHalted); ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("Build was halted.")
+	}
+
+	// Compile the artifact list
+	files := make([]string, 0, 5)
+	visit := func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			files = append(files, path)
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := filepath.Walk(b.config.OutputDir, visit); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	artifact := &Artifact{
+		dir: b.config.OutputDir,
+		f:   files,
+	}
+
+	return artifact, nil
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) Cancel() {
+	if b.runner != nil {
+		log.Println("Cancelling the step runner...")
+		b.runner.Cancel()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) newDriver() (Driver, error) {
+	qemuPath, err := exec.LookPath("qemu-system-x86_64")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	qemuImgPath, err := exec.LookPath("qemu-img")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Qemu path: %s, Qemu Image page: %s", qemuPath, qemuImgPath)
+	driver := &QemuDriver{}
+	driver.Initialize(qemuPath, qemuImgPath)
+
+	if err := driver.Verify(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return driver, nil
+}

builder/qemu/builder_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var testPem = `
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+`
+
+func testConfig() map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"iso_checksum":            "foo",
+		"iso_checksum_type":       "md5",
+		"iso_url":                 "http://www.google.com/",
+		"ssh_username":            "foo",
+		packer.BuildNameConfigKey: "foo",
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilder_ImplementsBuilder(t *testing.T) {
+	var raw interface{}
+	raw = &Builder{}
+	if _, ok := raw.(packer.Builder); !ok {
+		t.Error("Builder must implement builder.")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_Defaults(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.OutputDir != "output-foo" {
+		t.Errorf("bad output dir: %s", b.config.OutputDir)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHHostPortMin != 2222 {
+		t.Errorf("bad min ssh host port: %d", b.config.SSHHostPortMin)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHHostPortMax != 4444 {
+		t.Errorf("bad max ssh host port: %d", b.config.SSHHostPortMax)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.SSHPort != 22 {
+		t.Errorf("bad ssh port: %d", b.config.SSHPort)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.VMName != "packer-foo" {
+		t.Errorf("bad vm name: %s", b.config.VMName)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.Format != "qcow2" {
+		t.Errorf("bad format: %s", b.config.Format)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_BootWait(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test a default boot_wait
+	delete(config, "boot_wait")
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.RawBootWait != "10s" {
+		t.Fatalf("bad value: %s", b.config.RawBootWait)
+	}
+
+	// Test with a bad boot_wait
+	config["boot_wait"] = "this is not good"
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test with a good one
+	config["boot_wait"] = "5s"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_DiskSize(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	delete(config, "disk_size")
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bad err: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.DiskSize != 40000 {
+		t.Fatalf("bad size: %d", b.config.DiskSize)
+	}
+
+	config["disk_size"] = 60000
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.DiskSize != 60000 {
+		t.Fatalf("bad size: %s", b.config.DiskSize)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_FloppyFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	delete(config, "floppy_files")
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bad err: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(b.config.FloppyFiles) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", b.config.FloppyFiles)
+	}
+
+	config["floppy_files"] = []string{"foo", "bar"}
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	expected := []string{"foo", "bar"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(b.config.FloppyFiles, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", b.config.FloppyFiles)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_HTTPPort(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Bad
+	config["http_port_min"] = 1000
+	config["http_port_max"] = 500
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Bad
+	config["http_port_min"] = -500
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Good
+	config["http_port_min"] = 500
+	config["http_port_max"] = 1000
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_Format(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Bad
+	config["format"] = "illegal value"
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Good
+	config["format"] = "qcow2"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Good
+	config["format"] = "raw"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_InvalidKey(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Add a random key
+	config["i_should_not_be_valid"] = true
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_ISOChecksum(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test bad
+	config["iso_checksum"] = ""
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test good
+	config["iso_checksum"] = "FOo"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.ISOChecksum != "foo" {
+		t.Fatalf("should've lowercased: %s", b.config.ISOChecksum)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_ISOChecksumType(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test bad
+	config["iso_checksum_type"] = ""
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test good
+	config["iso_checksum_type"] = "mD5"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.ISOChecksumType != "md5" {
+		t.Fatalf("should've lowercased: %s", b.config.ISOChecksumType)
+	}
+
+	// Test unknown
+	config["iso_checksum_type"] = "fake"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_ISOUrl(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+	delete(config, "iso_url")
+	delete(config, "iso_urls")
+
+	// Test both epty
+	config["iso_url"] = ""
+	b = Builder{}
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test iso_url set
+	config["iso_url"] = "http://www.packer.io"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	expected := []string{"http://www.packer.io"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(b.config.ISOUrls, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", b.config.ISOUrls)
+	}
+
+	// Test both set
+	config["iso_url"] = "http://www.packer.io"
+	config["iso_urls"] = []string{"http://www.packer.io"}
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test just iso_urls set
+	delete(config, "iso_url")
+	config["iso_urls"] = []string{
+		"http://www.packer.io",
+		"http://www.hashicorp.com",
+	}
+
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	expected = []string{
+		"http://www.packer.io",
+		"http://www.hashicorp.com",
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(b.config.ISOUrls, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", b.config.ISOUrls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_OutputDir(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test with existing dir
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "packer")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	config["output_directory"] = dir
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test with a good one
+	config["output_directory"] = "i-hope-i-dont-exist"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_ShutdownTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test with a bad value
+	config["shutdown_timeout"] = "this is not good"
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test with a good one
+	config["shutdown_timeout"] = "5s"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_SSHHostPort(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Bad
+	config["ssh_host_port_min"] = 1000
+	config["ssh_host_port_max"] = 500
+	b = Builder{}
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Bad
+	config["ssh_host_port_min"] = -500
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Good
+	config["ssh_host_port_min"] = 500
+	config["ssh_host_port_max"] = 1000
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_sshKeyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	config["ssh_key_path"] = ""
+	b = Builder{}
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	config["ssh_key_path"] = "/i/dont/exist"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test bad contents
+	tf, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "packer")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(tf.Name())
+	defer tf.Close()
+
+	if _, err := tf.Write([]byte("HELLO!")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	config["ssh_key_path"] = tf.Name()
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test good contents
+	tf.Seek(0, 0)
+	tf.Truncate(0)
+	tf.Write([]byte(testPem))
+	config["ssh_key_path"] = tf.Name()
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_SSHUser(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	config["ssh_username"] = ""
+	b = Builder{}
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	config["ssh_username"] = "exists"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_SSHWaitTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test a default boot_wait
+	delete(config, "ssh_wait_timeout")
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if b.config.RawSSHWaitTimeout != "20m" {
+		t.Fatalf("bad value: %s", b.config.RawSSHWaitTimeout)
+	}
+
+	// Test with a bad value
+	config["ssh_wait_timeout"] = "this is not good"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should have error")
+	}
+
+	// Test with a good one
+	config["ssh_wait_timeout"] = "5s"
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuilderPrepare_QemuArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	var b Builder
+	config := testConfig()
+
+	// Test with empty
+	delete(config, "qemuargs")
+	err := b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(b.config.QemuArgs, [][]string{}) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", b.config.QemuArgs)
+	}
+
+	// Test with a good one
+	config["qemuargs"] = [][]interface{}{
+		[]interface{}{"foo", "bar", "baz"},
+	}
+
+	b = Builder{}
+	err = b.Prepare(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("should not have error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	expected := [][]string{
+		[]string{"foo", "bar", "baz"},
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(b.config.QemuArgs, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", b.config.QemuArgs)
+	}
+}

builder/qemu/driver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"log"
+	"os/exec"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type DriverCancelCallback func(state multistep.StateBag) bool
+
+// A driver is able to talk to VirtualBox and perform certain
+// operations with it.
+type Driver interface {
+	// Initializes the driver with the given values:
+	// Arguments: qemuPath - string value for the qemu-system-x86_64 executable
+	//            qemuImgPath - string value for the qemu-img executable
+	Initialize(string, string)
+
+	// Checks if the VM with the given name is running.
+	IsRunning(string) (bool, error)
+
+	// Stop stops a running machine, forcefully.
+	Stop(string) error
+
+	// SuppressMessages should do what needs to be done in order to
+	// suppress any annoying popups from VirtualBox.
+	SuppressMessages() error
+
+	// Qemu executes the given command via qemu-system-x86_64
+	Qemu(vmName string, qemuArgs ...string) error
+
+	// wait on shutdown of the VM with option to cancel
+	WaitForShutdown(
+		vmName string,
+		block bool,
+		state multistep.StateBag,
+		cancellCallback DriverCancelCallback) error
+
+	// Qemu executes the given command via qemu-img
+	QemuImg(...string) error
+
+	// Verify checks to make sure that this driver should function
+	// properly. If there is any indication the driver can't function,
+	// this will return an error.
+	Verify() error
+
+	// Version reads the version of VirtualBox that is installed.
+	Version() (string, error)
+}
+
+type driverState struct {
+	cmd        *exec.Cmd
+	cancelChan chan struct{}
+	waitDone   chan error
+}
+
+type QemuDriver struct {
+	qemuPath    string
+	qemuImgPath string
+	state       map[string]*driverState
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) getDriverState(name string) *driverState {
+	if _, ok := d.state[name]; !ok {
+		d.state[name] = &driverState{}
+	}
+	return d.state[name]
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) Initialize(qemuPath string, qemuImgPath string) {
+	d.qemuPath = qemuPath
+	d.qemuImgPath = qemuImgPath
+	d.state = make(map[string]*driverState)
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) IsRunning(name string) (bool, error) {
+	ds := d.getDriverState(name)
+	return ds.cancelChan != nil, nil
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) Stop(name string) error {
+	ds := d.getDriverState(name)
+
+	// signal to the command 'wait' to kill the process
+	if ds.cancelChan != nil {
+		close(ds.cancelChan)
+		ds.cancelChan = nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) SuppressMessages() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) Qemu(vmName string, qemuArgs ...string) error {
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+	log.Printf("Executing %s: %#v", d.qemuPath, qemuArgs)
+	ds := d.getDriverState(vmName)
+	ds.cmd = exec.Command(d.qemuPath, qemuArgs...)
+	ds.cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	ds.cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+
+	err := ds.cmd.Start()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Error starting VM: %s", err)
+	} else {
+		log.Printf("---- Started Qemu ------- PID = ", ds.cmd.Process.Pid)
+
+		ds.cancelChan = make(chan struct{})
+
+		// make the channel to watch the process
+		ds.waitDone = make(chan error)
+
+		// start the virtual machine in the background
+		go func() {
+			ds.waitDone <- ds.cmd.Wait()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) WaitForShutdown(vmName string,
+	block bool,
+	state multistep.StateBag,
+	cancelCallback DriverCancelCallback) error {
+	var err error
+
+	ds := d.getDriverState(vmName)
+
+	if block {
+		// wait in the background for completion or caller cancel
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ds.cancelChan:
+				log.Println("Qemu process request to cancel -- killing Qemu process.")
+				if err = ds.cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed to kill qemu: %v", err)
+				}
+
+				// clear out the error channel since it's just a cancel
+				// and therefore the reason for failure is clear
+				log.Println("Empytying waitDone channel.")
+				<-ds.waitDone
+
+				// this gig is over -- assure calls to IsRunning see the nil
+				log.Println("'Nil'ing out cancelChan.")
+				ds.cancelChan = nil
+				return errors.New("WaitForShutdown cancelled")
+			case err = <-ds.waitDone:
+				log.Printf("Qemu Process done with output = %v", err)
+				// assure calls to IsRunning see the nil
+				log.Println("'Nil'ing out cancelChan.")
+				ds.cancelChan = nil
+				return nil
+			case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+				cancel := cancelCallback(state)
+				if cancel {
+					log.Println("Qemu process request to cancel -- killing Qemu process.")
+
+					// The step sequence was cancelled, so cancel waiting for SSH
+					// and just start the halting process.
+					close(ds.cancelChan)
+
+					log.Println("Cancel request made, quitting waiting for Qemu.")
+					return errors.New("WaitForShutdown cancelled by interrupt.")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		go func() {
+			select {
+			case <-ds.cancelChan:
+				log.Println("Qemu process request to cancel -- killing Qemu process.")
+				if err = ds.cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed to kill qemu: %v", err)
+				}
+
+				// clear out the error channel since it's just a cancel
+				// and therefore the reason for failure is clear
+				log.Println("Empytying waitDone channel.")
+				<-ds.waitDone
+				log.Println("'Nil'ing out cancelChan.")
+				ds.cancelChan = nil
+
+			case err = <-ds.waitDone:
+				log.Printf("Qemu Process done with output = %v", err)
+				log.Println("'Nil'ing out cancelChan.")
+				ds.cancelChan = nil
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	ds.cancelChan = nil
+	return err
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) QemuImg(args ...string) error {
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+	log.Printf("Executing qemu-img: %#v", args)
+	cmd := exec.Command(d.qemuImgPath, args...)
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+	err := cmd.Run()
+
+	stdoutString := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String())
+	stderrString := strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String())
+
+	if _, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("QemuImg error: %s", stderrString)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("stdout: %s", stdoutString)
+	log.Printf("stderr: %s", stderrString)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) Verify() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *QemuDriver) Version() (string, error) {
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(d.qemuPath, "-version")
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	versionOutput := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String())
+	log.Printf("Qemu --version output: %s", versionOutput)
+	versionRe := regexp.MustCompile("qemu-kvm-[0-9]\\.[0-9]")
+	matches := versionRe.Split(versionOutput, 2)
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("No version found: %s", versionOutput)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Qemu version: %s", matches[0])
+	return matches[0], nil
+}

builder/qemu/ssh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	gossh "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ssh"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/communicator/ssh"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func sshAddress(state multistep.StateBag) (string, error) {
+	sshHostPort := state.Get("sshHostPort").(uint)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", sshHostPort), nil
+}
+
+func sshConfig(state multistep.StateBag) (*gossh.ClientConfig, error) {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+
+	auth := []gossh.ClientAuth{
+		gossh.ClientAuthPassword(ssh.Password(config.SSHPassword)),
+		gossh.ClientAuthKeyboardInteractive(
+			ssh.PasswordKeyboardInteractive(config.SSHPassword)),
+	}
+
+	if config.SSHKeyPath != "" {
+		keyring, err := sshKeyToKeyring(config.SSHKeyPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		auth = append(auth, gossh.ClientAuthKeyring(keyring))
+	}
+
+	return &gossh.ClientConfig{
+		User: config.SSHUser,
+		Auth: auth,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func sshKeyToKeyring(path string) (gossh.ClientKeyring, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	keyBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	keyring := new(ssh.SimpleKeychain)
+	if err := keyring.AddPEMKey(string(keyBytes)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return keyring, nil
+}

builder/qemu/step_configure_vnc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// This step configures the VM to enable the VNC server.
+//
+// Uses:
+//   config *config
+//   ui     packer.Ui
+//
+// Produces:
+//   vnc_port uint - The port that VNC is configured to listen on.
+type stepConfigureVNC struct{}
+
+func (stepConfigureVNC) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+	// Find an open VNC port. Note that this can still fail later on
+	// because we have to release the port at some point. But this does its
+	// best.
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("Looking for available port between %d and %d", config.VNCPortMin, config.VNCPortMax)
+	ui.Say(msg)
+	log.Printf(msg)
+	var vncPort uint
+	portRange := int(config.VNCPortMax - config.VNCPortMin)
+	for {
+		vncPort = uint(rand.Intn(portRange)) + config.VNCPortMin
+		log.Printf("Trying port: %d", vncPort)
+		l, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", vncPort))
+		if err == nil {
+			defer l.Close()
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg = fmt.Sprintf("Found available VNC port: %d", vncPort)
+	ui.Say(msg)
+	log.Printf(msg)
+
+	state.Put("vnc_port", vncPort)
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (stepConfigureVNC) Cleanup(multistep.StateBag) {}

builder/qemu/step_copy_floppy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+// This step attaches the ISO to the virtual machine.
+//
+// Uses:
+//
+// Produces:
+type stepCopyFloppy struct {
+	floppyPath string
+}
+
+func (s *stepCopyFloppy) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	// Determine if we even have a floppy disk to attach
+	var floppyPath string
+	if floppyPathRaw, ok := state.GetOk("floppy_path"); ok {
+		floppyPath = floppyPathRaw.(string)
+	} else {
+		log.Println("No floppy disk, not attaching.")
+		return multistep.ActionContinue
+	}
+
+	// copy the floppy for exclusive use during the vm creation
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	ui.Say("Copying floppy disk for exclusive use...")
+	floppyPath, err := s.copyFloppy(floppyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		state.Put("error", fmt.Errorf("Error preparing floppy: %s", err))
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+
+	// Track the path so that we can remove it later
+	s.floppyPath = floppyPath
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (s *stepCopyFloppy) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {
+	if s.floppyPath == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Delete the floppy disk
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	ui.Say("Removing floppy disk previously copied...")
+	defer os.Remove(s.floppyPath)
+}
+
+func (s *stepCopyFloppy) copyFloppy(path string) (string, error) {
+	tempdir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "packer")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	floppyPath := filepath.Join(tempdir, "floppy.img")
+	f, err := os.Create(floppyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	sourceF, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer sourceF.Close()
+
+	log.Printf("Copying floppy to temp location: %s", floppyPath)
+	if _, err := io.Copy(f, sourceF); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return floppyPath, nil
+}

builder/qemu/step_create_disk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// This step creates the virtual disk that will be used as the
+// hard drive for the virtual machine.
+type stepCreateDisk struct{}
+
+func (s *stepCreateDisk) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	driver := state.Get("driver").(Driver)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	path := filepath.Join(config.OutputDir, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", config.VMName,
+		strings.ToLower(config.Format)))
+
+	command := []string{
+		"create",
+		"-f", config.Format,
+		path,
+		fmt.Sprintf("%vM", config.DiskSize),
+	}
+
+	ui.Say("Creating hard drive...")
+	if err := driver.QemuImg(command...); err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Error creating hard drive: %s", err)
+		state.Put("error", err)
+		ui.Error(err.Error())
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (s *stepCreateDisk) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {}

builder/qemu/step_forward_ssh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// This step adds a NAT port forwarding definition so that SSH is available
+// on the guest machine.
+//
+// Uses:
+//
+// Produces:
+type stepForwardSSH struct{}
+
+func (s *stepForwardSSH) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+	log.Printf("Looking for available SSH port between %d and %d", config.SSHHostPortMin, config.SSHHostPortMax)
+	var sshHostPort uint
+	portRange := int(config.SSHHostPortMax - config.SSHHostPortMin)
+	for {
+		sshHostPort = uint(rand.Intn(portRange)) + config.SSHHostPortMin
+		log.Printf("Trying port: %d", sshHostPort)
+		l, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", sshHostPort))
+		if err == nil {
+			defer l.Close()
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	ui.Say(fmt.Sprintf("Found port for SSH: %d.", sshHostPort))
+
+	// Save the port we're using so that future steps can use it
+	state.Put("sshHostPort", sshHostPort)
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (s *stepForwardSSH) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {}

builder/qemu/step_http_server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// This step creates and runs the HTTP server that is serving the files
+// specified by the 'http_files` configuration parameter in the template.
+//
+// Uses:
+//   config *config
+//   ui     packer.Ui
+//
+// Produces:
+//   http_port int - The port the HTTP server started on.
+type stepHTTPServer struct {
+	l net.Listener
+}
+
+func (s *stepHTTPServer) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+	var httpPort uint = 0
+	if config.HTTPDir == "" {
+		state.Put("http_port", httpPort)
+		return multistep.ActionContinue
+	}
+
+	// Find an available TCP port for our HTTP server
+	var httpAddr string
+	portRange := int(config.HTTPPortMax - config.HTTPPortMin)
+	for {
+		var err error
+		var offset uint = 0
+
+		if portRange > 0 {
+			// Intn will panic if portRange == 0, so we do a check.
+			offset = uint(rand.Intn(portRange))
+		}
+
+		httpPort = offset + config.HTTPPortMin
+		httpAddr = fmt.Sprintf(":%d", httpPort)
+		log.Printf("Trying port: %d", httpPort)
+		s.l, err = net.Listen("tcp", httpAddr)
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	ui.Say(fmt.Sprintf("Starting HTTP server on port %d", httpPort))
+
+	// Start the HTTP server and run it in the background
+	fileServer := http.FileServer(http.Dir(config.HTTPDir))
+	server := &http.Server{Addr: httpAddr, Handler: fileServer}
+	go server.Serve(s.l)
+
+	// Save the address into the state so it can be accessed in the future
+	state.Put("http_port", httpPort)
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (s *stepHTTPServer) Cleanup(multistep.StateBag) {
+	if s.l != nil {
+		// Close the listener so that the HTTP server stops
+		s.l.Close()
+	}
+}

builder/qemu/step_prepare_output_dir.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type stepPrepareOutputDir struct{}
+
+func (stepPrepareOutputDir) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(config.OutputDir); err == nil && config.PackerForce {
+		ui.Say("Deleting previous output directory...")
+		os.RemoveAll(config.OutputDir)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(config.OutputDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		state.Put("error", err)
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (stepPrepareOutputDir) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {
+	_, cancelled := state.GetOk(multistep.StateCancelled)
+	_, halted := state.GetOk(multistep.StateHalted)
+
+	if cancelled || halted {
+		config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+		ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+		ui.Say("Deleting output directory...")
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+			err := os.RemoveAll(config.OutputDir)
+			if err == nil {
+				break
+			}
+
+			log.Printf("Error removing output dir: %s", err)
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+		}
+	}
+}

builder/qemu/step_run.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type stepRun struct {
+	vmName string
+}
+
+func runBootCommand(state multistep.StateBag,
+	actionChannel chan multistep.StepAction) {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	bootCmd := stepTypeBootCommand{}
+
+	if int64(config.bootWait) > 0 {
+		ui.Say(fmt.Sprintf("Waiting %s for boot...", config.bootWait))
+		time.Sleep(config.bootWait)
+	}
+
+	actionChannel <- bootCmd.Run(state)
+}
+
+func cancelCallback(state multistep.StateBag) bool {
+	cancel := false
+	if _, ok := state.GetOk(multistep.StateCancelled); ok {
+		cancel = true
+	}
+	return cancel
+}
+
+func (s *stepRun) runVM(
+	sendBootCommands bool,
+	bootDrive string,
+	state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	driver := state.Get("driver").(Driver)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	vmName := config.VMName
+
+	imgPath := filepath.Join(config.OutputDir,
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", vmName, strings.ToLower(config.Format)))
+	isoPath := state.Get("iso_path").(string)
+	vncPort := state.Get("vnc_port").(uint)
+	guiArgument := "sdl"
+	sshHostPort := state.Get("sshHostPort").(uint)
+	vnc := fmt.Sprintf("0.0.0.0:%d", vncPort-5900)
+
+	ui.Say("Starting the virtual machine for OS Install...")
+	if config.Headless == true {
+		ui.Message("WARNING: The VM will be started in headless mode, as configured.\n" +
+			"In headless mode, errors during the boot sequence or OS setup\n" +
+			"won't be easily visible. Use at your own discretion.")
+		guiArgument = "none"
+	}
+
+	command := []string{
+		"-name", vmName,
+		"-machine", fmt.Sprintf("type=pc-1.0,accel=%s", config.Accelerator),
+		"-display", guiArgument,
+		"-net", "nic,model=virtio",
+		"-net", "user",
+		"-drive", fmt.Sprintf("file=%s,if=virtio", imgPath),
+		"-cdrom", isoPath,
+		"-boot", bootDrive,
+		"-m", "512m",
+		"-redir", fmt.Sprintf("tcp:%v::22", sshHostPort),
+		"-vnc", vnc,
+	}
+	if err := driver.Qemu(vmName, command...); err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Error launching VM: %s", err)
+		ui.Error(err.Error())
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+
+	s.vmName = vmName
+
+	// run the boot command after its own timeout
+	if sendBootCommands {
+		waitDone := make(chan multistep.StepAction, 1)
+		go runBootCommand(state, waitDone)
+		select {
+		case action := <-waitDone:
+			if action != multistep.ActionContinue {
+				// stop the VM in its tracks
+				driver.Stop(vmName)
+				return multistep.ActionHalt
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ui.Say("Waiting for VM to shutdown...")
+	if err := driver.WaitForShutdown(vmName, sendBootCommands, state, cancelCallback); err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Error waiting for initial VM install to shutdown: %s", err)
+		ui.Error(err.Error())
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (s *stepRun) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	// First, the OS install boot
+	action := s.runVM(true, "d", state)
+
+	if action == multistep.ActionContinue {
+		// Then the provisioning install
+		action = s.runVM(false, "c", state)
+	}
+
+	return action
+}
+
+func (s *stepRun) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {
+	if s.vmName == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	driver := state.Get("driver").(Driver)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+	if running, _ := driver.IsRunning(s.vmName); running {
+		if err := driver.Stop(s.vmName); err != nil {
+			ui.Error(fmt.Sprintf("Error shutting down VM: %s", err))
+		}
+	}
+}

builder/qemu/step_shutdown.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// This step shuts down the machine. It first attempts to do so gracefully,
+// but ultimately forcefully shuts it down if that fails.
+//
+// Uses:
+//   communicator packer.Communicator
+//   config *config
+//   driver Driver
+//   ui     packer.Ui
+//   vmName string
+//
+// Produces:
+//   <nothing>
+type stepShutdown struct{}
+
+func (s *stepShutdown) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	comm := state.Get("communicator").(packer.Communicator)
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	driver := state.Get("driver").(Driver)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	vmName := config.VMName
+
+	if config.ShutdownCommand != "" {
+		ui.Say("Gracefully halting virtual machine...")
+		log.Printf("Executing shutdown command: %s", config.ShutdownCommand)
+		cmd := &packer.RemoteCmd{Command: config.ShutdownCommand}
+		if err := cmd.StartWithUi(comm, ui); err != nil {
+			err := fmt.Errorf("Failed to send shutdown command: %s", err)
+			state.Put("error", err)
+			ui.Error(err.Error())
+			return multistep.ActionHalt
+		}
+
+		// Wait for the machine to actually shut down
+		log.Printf("Waiting max %s for shutdown to complete", config.shutdownTimeout)
+		shutdownTimer := time.After(config.shutdownTimeout)
+		for {
+			running, _ := driver.IsRunning(vmName)
+			if !running {
+				break
+			}
+
+			select {
+			case <-shutdownTimer:
+				err := errors.New("Timeout while waiting for machine to shut down.")
+				state.Put("error", err)
+				ui.Error(err.Error())
+				return multistep.ActionHalt
+			default:
+				time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		ui.Say("Halting the virtual machine...")
+		if err := driver.Stop(vmName); err != nil {
+			err := fmt.Errorf("Error stopping VM: %s", err)
+			state.Put("error", err)
+			ui.Error(err.Error())
+			return multistep.ActionHalt
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Println("VM shut down.")
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (s *stepShutdown) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {}

builder/qemu/step_suppress_messages.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+)
+
+// This step sets some variables in Qemu so that annoying
+// pop-up messages don't exist.
+type stepSuppressMessages struct{}
+
+func (stepSuppressMessages) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	driver := state.Get("driver").(Driver)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+
+	log.Println("Suppressing messages in Qemu")
+	if err := driver.SuppressMessages(); err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Error configuring Qemu to suppress messages: %s", err)
+		state.Put("error", err)
+		ui.Error(err.Error())
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (stepSuppressMessages) Cleanup(state multistep.StateBag) {}

builder/qemu/step_type_boot_command.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package qemu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/go-vnc"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+const KeyLeftShift uint32 = 0xFFE1
+
+type bootCommandTemplateData struct {
+	HTTPIP   string
+	HTTPPort uint
+	Name     string
+}
+
+// This step "types" the boot command into the VM over VNC.
+//
+// Uses:
+//   config *config
+//   http_port int
+//   ui     packer.Ui
+//   vnc_port uint
+//
+// Produces:
+//   <nothing>
+type stepTypeBootCommand struct{}
+
+func (s *stepTypeBootCommand) Run(state multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
+	config := state.Get("config").(*config)
+	httpPort := state.Get("http_port").(uint)
+	ui := state.Get("ui").(packer.Ui)
+	vncPort := state.Get("vnc_port").(uint)
+
+	// Connect to VNC
+	ui.Say("Connecting to VM via VNC")
+	nc, err := net.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", vncPort))
+	if err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Error connecting to VNC: %s", err)
+		state.Put("error", err)
+		ui.Error(err.Error())
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+	defer nc.Close()
+
+	c, err := vnc.Client(nc, &vnc.ClientConfig{Exclusive: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Error handshaking with VNC: %s", err)
+		state.Put("error", err)
+		ui.Error(err.Error())
+		return multistep.ActionHalt
+	}
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	log.Printf("Connected to VNC desktop: %s", c.DesktopName)
+
+	tplData := &bootCommandTemplateData{
+		"127.0.0.1",
+		httpPort,
+		config.VMName,
+	}
+
+	ui.Say("Typing the boot command over VNC...")
+	for _, command := range config.BootCommand {
+		command, err := config.tpl.Process(command, tplData)
+		if err != nil {
+			err := fmt.Errorf("Error preparing boot command: %s", err)
+			state.Put("error", err)
+			ui.Error(err.Error())
+			return multistep.ActionHalt
+		}
+
+		// Check for interrupts between typing things so we can cancel
+		// since this isn't the fastest thing.
+		if _, ok := state.GetOk(multistep.StateCancelled); ok {
+			return multistep.ActionHalt
+		}
+
+		vncSendString(c, command)
+	}
+
+	return multistep.ActionContinue
+}
+
+func (*stepTypeBootCommand) Cleanup(multistep.StateBag) {}
+
+func vncSendString(c *vnc.ClientConn, original string) {
+	special := make(map[string]uint32)
+	special["<bs>"] = 0xFF08
+	special["<del>"] = 0xFFFF
+	special["<enter>"] = 0xFF0D
+	special["<esc>"] = 0xFF1B
+	special["<f1>"] = 0xFFBE
+	special["<f2>"] = 0xFFBF
+	special["<f3>"] = 0xFFC0
+	special["<f4>"] = 0xFFC1
+	special["<f5>"] = 0xFFC2
+	special["<f6>"] = 0xFFC3
+	special["<f7>"] = 0xFFC4
+	special["<f8>"] = 0xFFC5
+	special["<f9>"] = 0xFFC6
+	special["<f10>"] = 0xFFC7
+	special["<f11>"] = 0xFFC8
+	special["<f12>"] = 0xFFC9
+	special["<return>"] = 0xFF0D
+	special["<tab>"] = 0xFF09
+
+	shiftedChars := "~!@#$%^&*()_+{}|:\"<>?"
+
+	// TODO(mitchellh): Ripe for optimizations of some point, perhaps.
+	for len(original) > 0 {
+		var keyCode uint32
+		keyShift := false
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(original, "<wait>") {
+			log.Printf("Special code '<wait>' found, sleeping one second")
+			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+			original = original[len("<wait>"):]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(original, "<wait5>") {
+			log.Printf("Special code '<wait5>' found, sleeping 5 seconds")
+			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+			original = original[len("<wait5>"):]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(original, "<wait10>") {
+			log.Printf("Special code '<wait10>' found, sleeping 10 seconds")
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Second)
+			original = original[len("<wait10>"):]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for specialCode, specialValue := range special {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(original, specialCode) {
+				log.Printf("Special code '%s' found, replacing with: %d", specialCode, specialValue)
+				keyCode = specialValue
+				original = original[len(specialCode):]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if keyCode == 0 {
+			r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(original)
+			original = original[size:]
+			keyCode = uint32(r)
+			keyShift = unicode.IsUpper(r) || strings.ContainsRune(shiftedChars, r)
+
+			log.Printf("Sending char '%c', code %d, shift %v", r, keyCode, keyShift)
+		}
+
+		if keyShift {
+			c.KeyEvent(KeyLeftShift, true)
+		}
+
+		c.KeyEvent(keyCode, true)
+		c.KeyEvent(keyCode, false)
+
+		if keyShift {
+			c.KeyEvent(KeyLeftShift, false)
+		}
+
+		// qemu is picky, so no matter what, wait a small period
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+}

config.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const defaultConfig = `
 		"amazon-instance": "packer-builder-amazon-instance",
 		"digitalocean": "packer-builder-digitalocean",
 		"openstack": "packer-builder-openstack",
+		"qemu": "packer-builder-qemu",
 		"virtualbox": "packer-builder-virtualbox",
 		"vmware": "packer-builder-vmware"
 	},

plugin/builder-qemu/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/builder/qemu"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer/plugin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	plugin.ServeBuilder(new(qemu.Builder))
+}

plugin/builder-qemu/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+package main

website/source/docs/builders/qemu.html.markdown

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+---
+layout: "docs"
+---
+
+# Qemu (qemu-system-x86_64) Builder
+
+Type: `qemu`
+
+The Qemu builder is able to create [KVM](http://www.linux-kvm.org)
+and [Xen](http://www.xenproject.org) virtual machine images. Support
+for Xen is experimanetal at this time.
+
+The builder builds a virtual machine by creating a new virtual machine
+from scratch, booting it, installing an OS, rebooting the machine with the
+boot media as the virtual hard drive, provisioning software within
+the OS, then shutting it down. The result of the Qemu builder is a directory
+containing the image file necessary to run the virtual machine on KVM or Xen.
+
+## Basic Example
+
+Here is a basic example. This example is functional so long as you fixup
+paths to files, URLS for ISOs and checksums.
+
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+{
+  "builders":
+  [
+    {
+      "type": "qemu",
+      "iso_url": "http://mirror.raystedman.net/centos/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso",
+      "iso_checksum": "4a5fa01c81cc300f4729136e28ebe600",
+      "iso_checksum_type": "md5",
+      "output_directory": "output_centos_tdhtest",
+      "ssh_wait_timeout": "30s",
+      "shutdown_command": "shutdown -P now",
+      "disk_size": 5000,
+      "format": "qcow2",
+      "headless": false,
+      "accelerator": "kvm",
+      "http_directory": "/home/tdhite/packer/httpfiles",
+      "http_port_min": 10082,
+      "http_port_max": 10089,
+      "ssh_host_port_min": 2222,
+      "ssh_host_port_max": 2229,
+      "ssh_username": "root",
+      "ssh_password": "s0m3password",
+      "ssh_port": 22,
+      "ssh_wait_timeout": "90m",
+      "vm_name": "tdhtest",
+      "boot_command":
+      [
+        "<tab><wait>",
+        " ks=http://10.0.2.2:{{ .HTTPPort }}/centos6-ks.cfg<enter>"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+</pre>
+
+The following is a sample CentOS kickstart file you should place in the
+ttp_files directory with the name centos6-ks.cfg:
+
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+text
+skipx
+install
+url --url http://mirror.raystedman.net/centos/6/os/x86_64/
+repo --name=updates --baseurl=http://mirror.raystedman.net/centos/6/updates/x86_64/
+lang en_US.UTF-8
+keyboard us
+rootpw s0m3password
+firewall --disable
+authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
+selinux --disabled
+timezone Etc/UTC
+%include /tmp/kspre.cfg
+
+services --enabled=network,sshd/sendmail
+
+poweroff
+
+%packages --nobase
+at
+acpid
+cronie-noanacron
+crontabs
+logrotate
+mailx
+mlocate
+openssh-clients
+openssh-server
+rsync
+sendmail
+tmpwatch
+vixie-cron
+which
+wget
+yum
+-biosdevname
+-postfix
+-prelink
+%end
+
+%pre
+bootdrive=vda
+
+if [ -f "/dev/$bootdrive" ] ; then
+  exec < /dev/tty3 > /dev/tty3
+  chvt 3
+  echo "ERROR: Drive device does not exist at /dev/$bootdrive!"
+  sleep 5
+  halt -f
+fi
+
+cat >/tmp/kspre.cfg <<CFG
+zerombr
+bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=$bootdrive --append="nomodeset"
+clearpart --all --initlabel
+part /boot --ondrive=$bootdrive --fstype ext4 --fsoptions="relatime,nodev" --size=512
+part pv.1 --ondrive=$bootdrive --size 1 --grow
+volgroup vg0 pv.1
+logvol / --fstype ext4 --fsoptions="noatime,nodiratime,relatime,nodev" --name=root --vgname=vg0 --size=4096
+logvol swap --fstype swap --name=swap --vgname=vg0 --size 1 --grow
+CFG
+
+%end
+
+%post
+
+%end
+</pre>
+
+## Configuration Reference
+
+There are many configuration options available for the Qemu builder.
+They are organized below into two categories: required and optional. Within
+each category, the available options are alphabetized and described.
+
+Required:
+
+* `iso_checksum` (string) - The checksum for the OS ISO file. Because ISO
+  files are so large, this is required and Packer will verify it prior
+  to booting a virtual machine with the ISO attached. The type of the
+  checksum is specified with `iso_checksum_type`, documented below.
+
+* `iso_checksum_type` (string) - The type of the checksum specified in
+  `iso_checksum`. Valid values are "md5", "sha1", "sha256", or "sha512" currently.
+
+* `iso_url` (string) - A URL to the ISO containing the installation image.
+  This URL can be either an HTTP URL or a file URL (or path to a file).
+  If this is an HTTP URL, Packer will download it and cache it between
+  runs.
+
+* `ssh_username` (string) - The username to use to SSH into the machine
+  once the OS is installed.
+
+Optional:
+
+* `boot_command` (array of strings) - This is an array of commands to type
+  when the virtual machine is first booted. The goal of these commands should
+  be to type just enough to initialize the operating system installer. Special
+  keys can be typed as well, and are covered in the section below on the boot
+  command. If this is not specified, it is assumed the installer will start
+  itself.
+
+* `boot_wait` (string) - The time to wait after booting the initial virtual
+  machine before typing the `boot_command`. The value of this should be
+  a duration. Examples are "5s" and "1m30s" which will cause Packer to wait
+  five seconds and one minute 30 seconds, respectively. If this isn't specified,
+  the default is 10 seconds.
+
+* `disk_size` (int) - The size, in megabytes, of the hard disk to create
+  for the VM. By default, this is 40000 (40 GB).
+
+* `floppy_files` (array of strings) - A list of files to put onto a floppy
+  disk that is attached when the VM is booted for the first time. This is
+  most useful for unattended Windows installs, which look for an
+  `Autounattend.xml` file on removable media. By default no floppy will
+  be attached. The files listed in this configuration will all be put
+  into the root directory of the floppy disk; sub-directories are not supported.
+
+* `format` (string) - Either "qcow2" or "img", this specifies the output
+  format of the virtual machine image. This defaults to "qcow2".
+
+* `accelerator` (string) - The accelerator type to use when running the VM.
+  This may have a value of either "kvm" or "xen" and you must have that
+  support in on the machine on which you run the builder.
+
+* `headless` (bool) - Packer defaults to building VirtualBox
+  virtual machines by launching a GUI that shows the console of the
+  machine being built. When this value is set to true, the machine will
+  start without a console.
+
+* `http_directory` (string) - Path to a directory to serve using an HTTP
+  server. The files in this directory will be available over HTTP that will
+  be requestable from the virtual machine. This is useful for hosting
+  kickstart files and so on. By default this is "", which means no HTTP
+  server will be started. The address and port of the HTTP server will be
+  available as variables in `boot_command`. This is covered in more detail
+  below.
+
+* `http_port_min` and `http_port_max` (int) - These are the minimum and
+  maximum port to use for the HTTP server started to serve the `http_directory`.
+  Because Packer often runs in parallel, Packer will choose a randomly available
+  port in this range to run the HTTP server. If you want to force the HTTP
+  server to be on one port, make this minimum and maximum port the same.
+  By default the values are 8000 and 9000, respectively.
+
+* `iso_urls` (array of strings) - Multiple URLs for the ISO to download.
+  Packer will try these in order. If anything goes wrong attempting to download
+  or while downloading a single URL, it will move on to the next. All URLs
+  must point to the same file (same checksum). By default this is empty
+  and `iso_url` is used. Only one of `iso_url` or `iso_urls` can be specified.
+
+* `output_directory` (string) - This is the path to the directory where the
+  resulting virtual machine will be created. This may be relative or absolute.
+  If relative, the path is relative to the working directory when `packer`
+  is executed. This directory must not exist or be empty prior to running the builder.
+  By default this is "output-BUILDNAME" where "BUILDNAME" is the name
+  of the build.
+
+* `shutdown_command` (string) - The command to use to gracefully shut down
+  the machine once all the provisioning is done. By default this is an empty
+  string, which tells Packer to just forcefully shut down the machine.
+
+* `shutdown_timeout` (string) - The amount of time to wait after executing
+  the `shutdown_command` for the virtual machine to actually shut down.
+  If it doesn't shut down in this time, it is an error. By default, the timeout
+  is "5m", or five minutes.
+
+* `ssh_host_port_min` and `ssh_host_port_max` (uint) - The minimum and
+  maximum port to use for the SSH port on the host machine which is forwarded
+  to the SSH port on the guest machine. Because Packer often runs in parallel,
+  Packer will choose a randomly available port in this range to use as the
+  host port.
+
+* `ssh_key_path` (string) - Path to a private key to use for authenticating
+  with SSH. By default this is not set (key-based auth won't be used).
+  The associated public key is expected to already be configured on the
+  VM being prepared by some other process (kickstart, etc.).
+
+* `ssh_password` (string) - The password for `ssh_username` to use to
+  authenticate with SSH. By default this is the empty string.
+
+* `ssh_port` (int) - The port that SSH will be listening on in the guest
+  virtual machine. By default this is 22. The Qemu builder will map, via
+  port forward, a port on the host machine to the port listed here so
+  machines outside the installing VM can access the VM.
+
+* `ssh_wait_timeout` (string) - The duration to wait for SSH to become
+  available. By default this is "20m", or 20 minutes. Note that this should
+  be quite long since the timer begins as soon as the virtual machine is booted.
+
+* `qemuargs` (array of strings reserved for future use).
+
+* `vm_name` (string) - This is the name of the image (QCOW2 or IMG) file for
+  the new virtual machine, without the file extension. By default this is
+  "packer-BUILDNAME", where "BUILDNAME" is the name of the build.
+
+## Boot Command
+
+The `boot_command` configuration is very important: it specifies the keys
+to type when the virtual machine is first booted in order to start the
+OS installer. This command is typed after `boot_wait`, which gives the
+virtual machine some time to actually load the ISO.
+
+As documented above, the `boot_command` is an array of strings. The
+strings are all typed in sequence. It is an array only to improve readability
+within the template.
+
+The boot command is "typed" character for character over a VNC connection
+to the machine, simulating a human actually typing the keyboard. There are
+a set of special keys available. If these are in your boot command, they
+will be replaced by the proper key:
+
+* `<enter>` and `<return>` - Simulates an actual "enter" or "return" keypress.
+
+* `<esc>` - Simulates pressing the escape key.
+
+* `<tab>` - Simulates pressing the tab key.
+
+* `<wait>` `<wait5>` `<wait10>` - Adds a 1, 5 or 10 second pause before sending any additional keys. This
+  is useful if you have to generally wait for the UI to update before typing more.
+
+In addition to the special keys, each command to type is treated as a
+[configuration template](/docs/templates/configuration-templates.html).
+The available variables are:
+
+* `HTTPIP` and `HTTPPort` - The IP and port, respectively of an HTTP server
+  that is started serving the directory specified by the `http_directory`
+  configuration parameter. If `http_directory` isn't specified, these will
+  be blank!
+
+Example boot command. This is actually a working boot command used to start
+an CentOS 6.4 installer:
+
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+"boot_command":
+[
+  "<tab><wait>",
+  " ks=http://10.0.2.2:{{ .HTTPPort }}/centos6-ks.cfg<enter>"
+]
+</pre>