//go:generate struct-markdown package vmcx import ( "context" "errors" "fmt" "log" "os" "strings" hypervcommon "github.com/hashicorp/packer/builder/hyperv/common" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/common" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/common/bootcommand" powershell "github.com/hashicorp/packer/common/powershell" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/common/powershell/hyperv" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/helper/communicator" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/helper/config" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/helper/multistep" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/packer" "github.com/hashicorp/packer/template/interpolate" ) const ( DefaultRamSize = 1 * 1024 // 1GB MinRamSize = 32 // 32MB MaxRamSize = 32 * 1024 // 32GB MinNestedVirtualizationRamSize = 4 * 1024 // 4GB LowRam = 256 // 256MB DefaultUsername = "" DefaultPassword = "" ) // Builder implements packer.Builder and builds the actual Hyperv // images. type Builder struct { config Config runner multistep.Runner } type Config struct { common.PackerConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` common.HTTPConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` common.ISOConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` common.FloppyConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` bootcommand.BootConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` hypervcommon.OutputConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` hypervcommon.SSHConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` hypervcommon.ShutdownConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` // The amount, in megabytes, of RAM to assign to the // VM. By default, this is 1 GB. RamSize uint `mapstructure:"memory" required:"false"` // A list of ISO paths to // attach to a VM when it is booted. This is most useful for unattended // Windows installs, which look for an Autounattend.xml file on removable // media. By default, no secondary ISO will be attached. SecondaryDvdImages []string `mapstructure:"secondary_iso_images" required:"false"` // If set to attach then attach and // mount the ISO image specified in guest_additions_path. If set to // none then guest additions are not attached and mounted; This is the // default. GuestAdditionsMode string `mapstructure:"guest_additions_mode" required:"false"` // The path to the ISO image for guest // additions. GuestAdditionsPath string `mapstructure:"guest_additions_path" required:"false"` // This is the path to a directory containing an exported virtual machine. CloneFromVMCXPath string `mapstructure:"clone_from_vmcx_path"` // This is the name of the virtual machine to clone from. CloneFromVMName string `mapstructure:"clone_from_vm_name"` // The name of a snapshot in the // source machine to use as a starting point for the clone. If the value // given is an empty string, the last snapshot present in the source will // be chosen as the starting point for the new VM. CloneFromSnapshotName string `mapstructure:"clone_from_snapshot_name" required:"false"` // If set to true all snapshots // present in the source machine will be copied when the machine is // cloned. The final result of the build will be an exported virtual // machine that contains all the snapshots of the parent. CloneAllSnapshots bool `mapstructure:"clone_all_snapshots" required:"false"` // This is the name of the new virtual machine, // without the file extension. By default this is "packer-BUILDNAME", // where "BUILDNAME" is the name of the build. VMName string `mapstructure:"vm_name" required:"false"` // If true enables differencing disks. Only // the changes will be written to the new disk. This is especially useful if // your source is a VHD/VHDX. This defaults to false. DifferencingDisk bool `mapstructure:"differencing_disk" required:"false"` // The name of the switch to connect the virtual // machine to. By default, leaving this value unset will cause Packer to // try and determine the switch to use by looking for an external switch // that is up and running. SwitchName string `mapstructure:"switch_name" required:"false"` // When cloning a vm to build from, we run a powershell // Compare-VM command, which, depending on your version of Windows, may need // the "Copy" flag to be set to true or false. Defaults to "false". Command: CompareCopy bool `mapstructure:"copy_in_compare" required:"false"` // This is the VLAN of the virtual switch's // network card. By default none is set. If none is set then a VLAN is not // set on the switch's network card. If this value is set it should match // the VLAN specified in by vlan_id. SwitchVlanId string `mapstructure:"switch_vlan_id" required:"false"` // This allows a specific MAC address to be used on // the default virtual network card. The MAC address must be a string with // no delimiters, for example "0000deadbeef". MacAddress string `mapstructure:"mac_address" required:"false"` // This is the VLAN of the virtual machine's network // card for the new virtual machine. By default none is set. If none is set // then VLANs are not set on the virtual machine's network card. VlanId string `mapstructure:"vlan_id" required:"false"` // The number of CPUs the virtual machine should use. If // this isn't specified, the default is 1 CPU. Cpu uint `mapstructure:"cpus" required:"false"` // The Hyper-V generation for the virtual machine. By // default, this is 1. Generation 2 Hyper-V virtual machines do not support // floppy drives. In this scenario use secondary_iso_images instead. Hard // drives and DVD drives will also be SCSI and not IDE. Generation uint `mapstructure:"generation" required:"false"` // If true enable MAC address spoofing // for the virtual machine. This defaults to false. EnableMacSpoofing bool `mapstructure:"enable_mac_spoofing" required:"false"` // If true enable dynamic memory for // the virtual machine. This defaults to false. EnableDynamicMemory bool `mapstructure:"enable_dynamic_memory" required:"false"` // If true enable secure boot for the // virtual machine. This defaults to false. See secure_boot_template // below for additional settings. EnableSecureBoot bool `mapstructure:"enable_secure_boot" required:"false"` // The secure boot template to be // configured. Valid values are "MicrosoftWindows" (Windows) or // "MicrosoftUEFICertificateAuthority" (Linux). This only takes effect if // enable_secure_boot is set to "true". This defaults to "MicrosoftWindows". SecureBootTemplate string `mapstructure:"secure_boot_template" required:"false"` // If true enable // virtualization extensions for the virtual machine. This defaults to // false. For nested virtualization you need to enable MAC spoofing, // disable dynamic memory and have at least 4GB of RAM assigned to the // virtual machine. EnableVirtualizationExtensions bool `mapstructure:"enable_virtualization_extensions" required:"false"` // The location under which Packer will create a // directory to house all the VM files and folders during the build. // By default %TEMP% is used which, for most systems, will evaluate to // %USERPROFILE%/AppData/Local/Temp. TempPath string `mapstructure:"temp_path" required:"false"` // This allows you to set the vm version when // calling New-VM to generate the vm. Version string `mapstructure:"configuration_version" required:"false"` // If "true", Packer will not delete the VM from // The Hyper-V manager. KeepRegistered bool `mapstructure:"keep_registered" required:"false"` Communicator string `mapstructure:"communicator"` // If true skip compacting the hard disk for // the virtual machine when exporting. This defaults to false. SkipCompaction bool `mapstructure:"skip_compaction" required:"false"` // If true Packer will skip the export of the VM. // If you are interested only in the VHD/VHDX files, you can enable this // option. The resulting VHD/VHDX file will be output to // /Virtual Hard Disks. By default this option is false // and Packer will export the VM to output_directory. SkipExport bool `mapstructure:"skip_export" required:"false"` // Packer defaults to building Hyper-V virtual // machines by launching a GUI that shows the console of the machine being // built. When this value is set to true, the machine will start without a // console. Headless bool `mapstructure:"headless" required:"false"` ctx interpolate.Context } // Prepare processes the build configuration parameters. func (b *Builder) Prepare(raws ...interface{}) ([]string, error) { err := config.Decode(&b.config, &config.DecodeOpts{ Interpolate: true, InterpolateContext: &b.config.ctx, InterpolateFilter: &interpolate.RenderFilter{ Exclude: []string{ "boot_command", }, }, }, raws...) if err != nil { return nil, err } // Accumulate any errors and warnings var errs *packer.MultiError warnings := make([]string, 0) if b.config.RawSingleISOUrl != "" || len(b.config.ISOUrls) > 0 { isoWarnings, isoErrs := b.config.ISOConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx) warnings = append(warnings, isoWarnings...) errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, isoErrs...) } errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, b.config.BootConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx)...) errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, b.config.FloppyConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx)...) errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, b.config.HTTPConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx)...) errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, b.config.OutputConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx, &b.config.PackerConfig)...) errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, b.config.SSHConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx)...) errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, b.config.ShutdownConfig.Prepare(&b.config.ctx)...) err = b.checkRamSize() if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, err) } if b.config.VMName == "" { b.config.VMName = fmt.Sprintf("packer-%s", b.config.PackerBuildName) } log.Println(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", "VMName", b.config.VMName)) if b.config.SwitchName == "" { b.config.SwitchName = b.detectSwitchName() } if b.config.Cpu < 1 { b.config.Cpu = 1 } if b.config.CloneFromVMName == "" { if b.config.CloneFromVMCXPath == "" { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("The clone_from_vm_name must be specified if "+ "clone_from_vmcx_path is not specified.")) } } else { virtualMachineExists, err := powershell.DoesVirtualMachineExist(b.config.CloneFromVMName) if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed detecting if virtual machine to clone "+ "from exists: %s", err)) } else { if !virtualMachineExists { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Virtual machine '%s' to clone from does not "+ "exist.", b.config.CloneFromVMName)) } else { b.config.Generation, err = powershell.GetVirtualMachineGeneration(b.config.CloneFromVMName) if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed detecting virtual machine to clone "+ "from generation: %s", err)) } if b.config.CloneFromSnapshotName != "" { virtualMachineSnapshotExists, err := powershell.DoesVirtualMachineSnapshotExist( b.config.CloneFromVMName, b.config.CloneFromSnapshotName) if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed detecting if virtual machine "+ "snapshot to clone from exists: %s", err)) } else { if !virtualMachineSnapshotExists { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Virtual machine snapshot '%s' on "+ "virtual machine '%s' to clone from does not exist.", b.config.CloneFromSnapshotName, b.config.CloneFromVMName)) } } } virtualMachineOn, err := powershell.IsVirtualMachineOn(b.config.CloneFromVMName) if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed detecting if virtual machine to "+ "clone is running: %s", err)) } else { if virtualMachineOn { warning := fmt.Sprintf("Cloning from a virtual machine that is running.") warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, warning) } } } } } if b.config.CloneFromVMCXPath == "" { if b.config.CloneFromVMName == "" { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("The clone_from_vmcx_path be specified if "+ "clone_from_vm_name must is not specified.")) } } else { if _, err := os.Stat(b.config.CloneFromVMCXPath); os.IsNotExist(err) { if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend( errs, fmt.Errorf("CloneFromVMCXPath does not exist: %s", err)) } } } if b.config.Generation < 1 || b.config.Generation > 2 { b.config.Generation = 1 } if b.config.Generation == 2 { if len(b.config.FloppyFiles) > 0 || len(b.config.FloppyDirectories) > 0 { err = errors.New("Generation 2 vms don't support floppy drives. Use ISO image instead.") errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, err) } } log.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Using switch %s", b.config.SwitchName)) log.Println(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", "SwitchName", b.config.SwitchName)) // Errors if b.config.GuestAdditionsMode == "" { if b.config.GuestAdditionsPath != "" { b.config.GuestAdditionsMode = "attach" } else { b.config.GuestAdditionsPath = os.Getenv("WINDIR") + "\\system32\\vmguest.iso" if _, err := os.Stat(b.config.GuestAdditionsPath); os.IsNotExist(err) { if err != nil { b.config.GuestAdditionsPath = "" b.config.GuestAdditionsMode = "none" } else { b.config.GuestAdditionsMode = "attach" } } } } if b.config.GuestAdditionsPath == "" && b.config.GuestAdditionsMode == "attach" { b.config.GuestAdditionsPath = os.Getenv("WINDIR") + "\\system32\\vmguest.iso" if _, err := os.Stat(b.config.GuestAdditionsPath); os.IsNotExist(err) { if err != nil { b.config.GuestAdditionsPath = "" } } } for _, isoPath := range b.config.SecondaryDvdImages { if _, err := os.Stat(isoPath); os.IsNotExist(err) { if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend( errs, fmt.Errorf("Secondary Dvd image does not exist: %s", err)) } } } numberOfIsos := len(b.config.SecondaryDvdImages) if b.config.GuestAdditionsMode == "attach" { if _, err := os.Stat(b.config.GuestAdditionsPath); os.IsNotExist(err) { if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend( errs, fmt.Errorf("Guest additions iso does not exist: %s", err)) } } numberOfIsos = numberOfIsos + 1 } if b.config.Generation < 2 && numberOfIsos > 2 { if b.config.GuestAdditionsMode == "attach" { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("There are only 2 ide controllers available, so "+ "we can't support guest additions and these secondary dvds: %s", strings.Join(b.config.SecondaryDvdImages, ", "))) } else { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("There are only 2 ide controllers available, so "+ "we can't support these secondary dvds: %s", strings.Join(b.config.SecondaryDvdImages, ", "))) } } else if b.config.Generation > 1 && len(b.config.SecondaryDvdImages) > 16 { if b.config.GuestAdditionsMode == "attach" { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("There are not enough drive letters available for "+ "scsi (limited to 16), so we can't support guest additions and these secondary dvds: %s", strings.Join(b.config.SecondaryDvdImages, ", "))) } else { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("There are not enough drive letters available for "+ "scsi (limited to 16), so we can't support these secondary dvds: %s", strings.Join(b.config.SecondaryDvdImages, ", "))) } } if b.config.EnableVirtualizationExtensions { hasVirtualMachineVirtualizationExtensions, err := powershell.HasVirtualMachineVirtualizationExtensions() if err != nil { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("Failed detecting virtual machine virtualization "+ "extensions support: %s", err)) } else { if !hasVirtualMachineVirtualizationExtensions { errs = packer.MultiErrorAppend(errs, fmt.Errorf("This version of Hyper-V does not support "+ "virtual machine virtualization extension. Please use Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016 "+ "or newer.")) } } } // Warnings if b.config.ShutdownCommand == "" { warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, "A shutdown_command was not specified. Without a shutdown command, Packer\n"+ "will forcibly halt the virtual machine, which may result in data loss.") } warning := b.checkHostAvailableMemory() if warning != "" { warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, warning) } if b.config.EnableVirtualizationExtensions { if b.config.EnableDynamicMemory { warning = fmt.Sprintf("For nested virtualization, when virtualization extension is enabled, " + "dynamic memory should not be allowed.") warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, warning) } if !b.config.EnableMacSpoofing { warning = fmt.Sprintf("For nested virtualization, when virtualization extension is enabled, " + "mac spoofing should be allowed.") warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, warning) } if b.config.RamSize < MinNestedVirtualizationRamSize { warning = fmt.Sprintf("For nested virtualization, when virtualization extension is enabled, " + "there should be 4GB or more memory set for the vm, otherwise Hyper-V may fail to start " + "any nested VMs.") warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, warning) } } if b.config.SwitchVlanId != "" { if b.config.SwitchVlanId != b.config.VlanId { warning = fmt.Sprintf("Switch network adaptor vlan should match virtual machine network adaptor " + "vlan. The switch will not be able to see traffic from the VM.") warnings = appendWarnings(warnings, warning) } } if errs != nil && len(errs.Errors) > 0 { return warnings, errs } return warnings, nil } // Run executes a Packer build and returns a packer.Artifact representing // a Hyperv appliance. func (b *Builder) Run(ctx context.Context, ui packer.Ui, hook packer.Hook) (packer.Artifact, error) { // Create the driver that we'll use to communicate with Hyperv driver, err := hypervcommon.NewHypervPS4Driver() if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed creating Hyper-V driver: %s", err) } // Set up the state. state := new(multistep.BasicStateBag) state.Put("config", &b.config) state.Put("debug", b.config.PackerDebug) state.Put("driver", driver) state.Put("hook", hook) state.Put("ui", ui) steps := []multistep.Step{ &hypervcommon.StepCreateBuildDir{ TempPath: b.config.TempPath, }, &common.StepOutputDir{ Force: b.config.PackerForce, Path: b.config.OutputDir, }, } if b.config.RawSingleISOUrl != "" || len(b.config.ISOUrls) > 0 { steps = append(steps, &common.StepDownload{ Checksum: b.config.ISOChecksum, ChecksumType: b.config.ISOChecksumType, Description: "ISO", ResultKey: "iso_path", Url: b.config.ISOUrls, Extension: b.config.TargetExtension, TargetPath: b.config.TargetPath, }, ) } steps = append(steps, &common.StepCreateFloppy{ Files: b.config.FloppyFiles, Directories: b.config.FloppyConfig.FloppyDirectories, }, &common.StepHTTPServer{ HTTPDir: b.config.HTTPDir, HTTPPortMin: b.config.HTTPPortMin, HTTPPortMax: b.config.HTTPPortMax, }, &hypervcommon.StepCreateSwitch{ SwitchName: b.config.SwitchName, }, &hypervcommon.StepCloneVM{ CloneFromVMCXPath: b.config.CloneFromVMCXPath, CloneFromVMName: b.config.CloneFromVMName, CloneFromSnapshotName: b.config.CloneFromSnapshotName, CloneAllSnapshots: b.config.CloneAllSnapshots, VMName: b.config.VMName, SwitchName: b.config.SwitchName, CompareCopy: b.config.CompareCopy, RamSize: b.config.RamSize, Cpu: b.config.Cpu, EnableMacSpoofing: b.config.EnableMacSpoofing, EnableDynamicMemory: b.config.EnableDynamicMemory, EnableSecureBoot: b.config.EnableSecureBoot, SecureBootTemplate: b.config.SecureBootTemplate, EnableVirtualizationExtensions: b.config.EnableVirtualizationExtensions, MacAddress: b.config.MacAddress, KeepRegistered: b.config.KeepRegistered, }, &hypervcommon.StepEnableIntegrationService{}, &hypervcommon.StepMountDvdDrive{ Generation: b.config.Generation, }, &hypervcommon.StepMountFloppydrive{ Generation: b.config.Generation, }, &hypervcommon.StepMountGuestAdditions{ GuestAdditionsMode: b.config.GuestAdditionsMode, GuestAdditionsPath: b.config.GuestAdditionsPath, Generation: b.config.Generation, }, &hypervcommon.StepMountSecondaryDvdImages{ IsoPaths: b.config.SecondaryDvdImages, Generation: b.config.Generation, }, &hypervcommon.StepConfigureVlan{ VlanId: b.config.VlanId, SwitchVlanId: b.config.SwitchVlanId, }, &hypervcommon.StepRun{ Headless: b.config.Headless, }, &hypervcommon.StepTypeBootCommand{ BootCommand: b.config.FlatBootCommand(), BootWait: b.config.BootWait, SwitchName: b.config.SwitchName, Ctx: b.config.ctx, GroupInterval: b.config.BootConfig.BootGroupInterval, }, // configure the communicator ssh, winrm &communicator.StepConnect{ Config: &b.config.SSHConfig.Comm, Host: hypervcommon.CommHost(b.config.SSHConfig.Comm.SSHHost), SSHConfig: b.config.SSHConfig.Comm.SSHConfigFunc(), }, // provision requires communicator to be setup &common.StepProvision{}, // Remove ephemeral SSH keys, if using &common.StepCleanupTempKeys{ Comm: &b.config.SSHConfig.Comm, }, &hypervcommon.StepShutdown{ Command: b.config.ShutdownCommand, Timeout: b.config.ShutdownTimeout, }, // wait for the vm to be powered off &hypervcommon.StepWaitForPowerOff{}, // remove the secondary dvd images // after we power down &hypervcommon.StepUnmountSecondaryDvdImages{}, &hypervcommon.StepUnmountGuestAdditions{}, &hypervcommon.StepUnmountDvdDrive{}, &hypervcommon.StepUnmountFloppyDrive{ Generation: b.config.Generation, }, &hypervcommon.StepCompactDisk{ SkipCompaction: b.config.SkipCompaction, }, &hypervcommon.StepExportVm{ OutputDir: b.config.OutputDir, SkipExport: b.config.SkipExport, }, &hypervcommon.StepCollateArtifacts{ OutputDir: b.config.OutputDir, SkipExport: b.config.SkipExport, }, // the clean up actions for each step will be executed reverse order ) // Run the steps. b.runner = common.NewRunner(steps, b.config.PackerConfig, ui) b.runner.Run(ctx, state) // Report any errors. if rawErr, ok := state.GetOk("error"); ok { return nil, rawErr.(error) } // If we were interrupted or cancelled, then just exit. if _, ok := state.GetOk(multistep.StateCancelled); ok { return nil, errors.New("Build was cancelled.") } if _, ok := state.GetOk(multistep.StateHalted); ok { return nil, errors.New("Build was halted.") } return hypervcommon.NewArtifact(b.config.OutputDir) } // Cancel. func appendWarnings(slice []string, data ...string) []string { m := len(slice) n := m + len(data) if n > cap(slice) { // if necessary, reallocate // allocate double what's needed, for future growth. newSlice := make([]string, (n+1)*2) copy(newSlice, slice) slice = newSlice } slice = slice[0:n] copy(slice[m:n], data) return slice } func (b *Builder) checkRamSize() error { if b.config.RamSize == 0 { b.config.RamSize = DefaultRamSize } log.Println(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", "RamSize", b.config.RamSize)) if b.config.RamSize < MinRamSize { return fmt.Errorf("memory: Virtual machine requires memory size >= %v MB, but defined: %v", MinRamSize, b.config.RamSize) } else if b.config.RamSize > MaxRamSize { return fmt.Errorf("memory: Virtual machine requires memory size <= %v MB, but defined: %v", MaxRamSize, b.config.RamSize) } return nil } func (b *Builder) checkHostAvailableMemory() string { powershellAvailable, _, _ := powershell.IsPowershellAvailable() if powershellAvailable { freeMB := powershell.GetHostAvailableMemory() if (freeMB - float64(b.config.RamSize)) < LowRam { return fmt.Sprintf("Hyper-V might fail to create a VM if there is not enough free memory in the system.") } } return "" } func (b *Builder) detectSwitchName() string { powershellAvailable, _, _ := powershell.IsPowershellAvailable() if powershellAvailable { // no switch name, try to get one attached to a online network adapter onlineSwitchName, err := hyperv.GetExternalOnlineVirtualSwitch() if onlineSwitchName != "" && err == nil { return onlineSwitchName } } return fmt.Sprintf("packer-%s", b.config.PackerBuildName) }