packer-cn/website/content/docs/builders/vmware/vsphere-iso.mdx

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---
modeline: |
vim: set ft=pandoc:
description: |
This VMware Packer builder starts from an ISO and creates a vm using the
vSphere API to build on a remote VMWare machine.
page_title: VSphere ISO - Builders
sidebar_title: VSphere ISO
---
# Packer Builder for VMware vSphere
Type: `vsphere-iso`
Artifact BuilderId: `jetbrains.vsphere`
This builder uses the vSphere API, and creates virtual machines remotely. It
starts from an ISO file and creates new VMs from scratch.
- VMware Player is not required.
- It uses the official vCenter API, and does not require ESXi host [modification](/docs/builders/vmware-iso#building-on-a-remote-vsphere-hypervisor)
- This builder is supported for vSphere version 6.5 and greater. Builds on lower
versions may work, but some configuration options may throw errors because they
do not exist in the older versions of the vSphere API.
## Examples
See complete Ubuntu, Windows, and macOS templates in the [examples folder](https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/tree/master/builder/vsphere/examples/).
# Configuration Reference
There are many configuration options available for this builder. In addition to
the items listed here, you will want to look at the general configuration
references for [HTTP](#http-directory-configuration),
[Floppy](#floppy-configuration),
[Boot](#boot-configuration),
[Hardware](#hardware-configuration),
[Output](#output-configuration),
[Run](#run-configuration),
[Shutdown](#shutdown-configuration),
[Communicator](#communicator-configuration),
[Export](#export-configuration),
configuration references, which are
necessary for this build to succeed and can be found further down the page.
@include 'builder/vsphere/iso/Config-not-required.mdx'
### Boot Configuration
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/bootcommand/BootConfig.mdx'
We send each character to the VM with a default delay of 100ms between groups.
The delay alleviates possible issues with latency and CPU
contention. If you notice missing keys, you can tune this delay by specifying
"boot_keygroup_interval" in your Packer template, for example:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
{
"builders": [
{
"type": "vsphere-iso",
"boot_keygroup_interval": "500ms"
...
}
]
}
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
source "vsphere-iso" "example" {
boot_keygroup_interval = "500ms"
# ...
}
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
#### Optional:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/bootcommand/BootConfig-not-required.mdx'
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/BootConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Http directory configuration
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/HTTPConfig.mdx'
#### Optional:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/HTTPConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Floppy configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/FloppyConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Connection Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ConnectConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Hardware Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/HardwareConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Location Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/LocationConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Run Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/RunConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Shutdown Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ShutdownConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Wait Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/WaitIpConfig-not-required.mdx'
### ISO Configuration
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/ISOConfig.mdx'
#### Required:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/ISOConfig-required.mdx'
#### Optional:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/ISOConfig-not-required.mdx'
### CDRom Configuration
Each iso defined in the CDRom Configuration adds a new drive. If the "iso_url" is defined in
addition to the "iso_paths", the "iso_url" is added to the VM first. This keeps the "iso_url" first in
the boot order by default allowing the boot iso being defined by the iso_url and the vmware tools iso added
from the datastore. Example:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
"iso_urls": [
"win10.iso",
"http://example.org/isos/win10.iso"
],
"iso_paths": [
"[] /usr/lib/vmware/isoimages/windows.iso"
],
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
iso_urls = [
"win10.iso",
"http://example.org/isos/win10.iso"
]
iso_paths = [
"[] /usr/lib/vmware/isoimages/windows.iso"
]
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/CDRomConfig-not-required.mdx'
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/RemoveCDRomConfig-not-required.mdx'
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/CDConfig.mdx'
#### Optional:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/CDConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Create Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/iso/CreateConfig-not-required.mdx'
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/StorageConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Network Adapter Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/iso/NIC.mdx'
@include 'builder/vsphere/iso/NIC-required.mdx'
#### Optional
@include 'builder/vsphere/iso/NIC-not-required.mdx'
### Storage Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/DiskConfig.mdx'
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/DiskConfig-required.mdx'
#### Optional
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/DiskConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Export Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ExportConfig.mdx'
#### Optional:
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ExportConfig-not-required.mdx'
#### Output Configuration:
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/OutputConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Content Library Import Configuration
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ContentLibraryDestinationConfig.mdx'
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ContentLibraryDestinationConfig-not-required.mdx'
Minimal example of usage to import a VM template:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
"content_library_destination" : {
"library": "Packer Library Test"
}
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
content_library_destination {
library = "Packer Library Test"
}
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
Minimal example of usage to import a OVF template:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
"content_library_destination" : {
"library": "Packer Library Test",
"ovf": true
}
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
content_library_destination {
library = "Packer Library Test"
ovf = true
}
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
### Extra Configuration Parameters
@include 'builder/vsphere/common/ConfigParamsConfig-not-required.mdx'
### Communicator configuration
#### Optional common fields:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/Config-not-required.mdx'
#### Optional SSH fields:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSH-not-required.mdx'
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSH-Private-Key-File-not-required.mdx'
#### Optional WinRM fields:
@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/WinRM-not-required.mdx'
## Working With Clusters And Hosts
#### Standalone Hosts
Only use the `host` option. Optionally specify a `resource_pool`:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
"host": "esxi-1.vsphere65.test",
"resource_pool": "pool1",
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
host = ""esxi-1.vsphere65.test""
resource_pool = "pool1"
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
#### Clusters Without DRS
Use the `cluster` and `host`parameters:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
"cluster": "cluster1",
"host": "esxi-2.vsphere65.test",
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
cluster = "cluster1"
host = "esxi-2.vsphere65.test"
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
#### Clusters With DRS
Only use the `cluster` option. Optionally specify a `resource_pool`:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="JSON">
```json
"cluster": "cluster2",
"resource_pool": "pool1",
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="HCL2">
```hcl
cluster = "cluster2"
resource_pool = "pool1"
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
## Required vSphere Permissions
- VM folder (this object and children):
```text
Virtual machine -> Inventory
Virtual machine -> Configuration
Virtual machine -> Interaction
Virtual machine -> Snapshot management
Virtual machine -> Provisioning
```
Individual privileges are listed in https://github.com/jetbrains-infra/packer-builder-vsphere/issues/97#issuecomment-436063235.
- Resource pool, host, or cluster (this object):
```text
Resource -> Assign virtual machine to resource pool
```
- Host in clusters without DRS (this object):
```text
Read-only
```
- Datastore (this object):
```text
Datastore -> Allocate space
Datastore -> Browse datastore
Datastore -> Low level file operations
```
- Network (this object):
```text
Network -> Assign network
```
- Distributed switch (this object):
```text
Read-only
```
For floppy image upload:
- Datacenter (this object):
```text
Datastore -> Low level file operations
```
- Host (this object):
```text
Host -> Configuration -> System Management
```