93 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
93 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
---
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layout: guides
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page_title: Unattended Windows Installation
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sidebar_title: Unattended Installation for Windows
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description: |-
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Learn how to use an autounattend file to automatically answer installation
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questions and enable Packer to connect to your windows instnace.
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---
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# Unattended Installation for Windows
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Unattended Windows installation is done via "Answer Files", or "Unattend files".
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These files are generally named "autounattend.xml". They are not
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Packer-specific tools, though we do make use of them.
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If, after following this guide, you're still having issues getting an answer
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file working, We recommend you read the official documentation on
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[answer files](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/update-windows-settings-and-scripts-create-your-own-answer-file-sxs).
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The guide here is hopefully enough to get you started, but isn't a replacement
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for the official documentation.
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## When To Use an Answer File
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If you are installing the Windows Operating System from a mounted iso as part of
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your Packer build, you will need to use an Answer file. For example, you're
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building an image from scratch using the [vmware-iso](/docs/builders/vmware-iso),
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[virtualbox-iso](/docs/builders/virtualbox-iso), or
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[hyperv-iso](/docs/builders/hyperv-iso) builders.
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If you are not installing the operating system, you won't need to provide an
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answer file. If you are using a pre-built image
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in a cloud, you don't need to worry about Answer files.
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## How to make an Answer File
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You can either start from an example answer file from a known repo (take a look
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at the examples links below), or you can generate one using an answer file
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wizard by selecting New File > New Answer file on a Windows machine.
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A comprehensive list of all the options you can set in an answer file can be
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found [here](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/customize/desktop/unattend/components-b-unattend)
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## Where to put the Answer File
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Windows will automatically look for an autounattend.xml file on mounted drives.
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Many users use the `floppy_files` option or a secondary mounted iso for
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providing the answer file to their iso builders.
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You can also specify an unattend file to use by using the /unattend: option when
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running Windows Setup (setup.exe) in your `boot_command`.
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## What does Packer _need_ the Answer File to do?
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Packer needs the Answer File to handle any questions that would normally be
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answered interactively during a Windows installation.
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If you want to be able to use provisioners, the Answer file must also contain
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a script that sets up SSH or WinRM so that Packer can connect to the instance.
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Finally, your Packer build will be much smoother if the Answer File handles or
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disables windows updates rather than you tyring to run them using a Packer
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provisioner. This is because the winrm communicator does not handle the
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disconnects caused by automatic reboots in Windows updates well, and the
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disconnections can fail a build.
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## Examples
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The chef-maintained bento boxes are a great example of a windows build that
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sets up openssh as part of the unattended installation so that Packer can
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connect using the ssh communicator. They functioning answer files for every
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modern Windows version can be found [here](https://github.com/chef/bento/tree/master/packer_templates/windows/answer_files).
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Stefan Scherer's [packer-windows repo](https://github.com/StefanScherer/packer-windows)
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is a great example of windows builds that set up WinRM as part of the unattended
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installation so that Packer can connect using the winrm communicator:
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```json
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{
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"type": "virtualbox-iso",
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"guest_os_type": "Windows2008_64",
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"iso_url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/5/E/75EC4E54-5B02-42D6-8879-D8D3A25FBEF7/7601.17514.101119-1850_x64fre_server_eval_en-us-GRMSXEVAL_EN_DVD.iso",
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"iso_checksum": "30832AD76CCFA4CE48CCB936EDEFE02079D42FB1DA32201BF9E3A880C8ED6312",
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"iso_checksum_type": "sha256",
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"shutdown_command": "shutdown /s /t 10 /f /d p:4:1 /c Packer_Provisioning_Shutdown",
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"guest_additions_mode": "attach",
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"floppy_files": ["./scripts/Autounattend.xml", "./scripts/openssh.ps1"],
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"communicator": "winrm",
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"winrm_username": "vagrant",
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"winrm_password": "vagrant"
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}
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```
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