250 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
250 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
---
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modeline: |
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vim: set ft=pandoc:
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description: |
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This VirtualBox Packer builder is able to create VirtualBox virtual machines
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and export them in the OVF format, starting from an existing OVF/OVA (exported
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virtual machine image).
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page_title: VirtualBox OVF/OVA - Builders
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sidebar_title: OVF
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---
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# VirtualBox Builder (from an OVF/OVA)
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Type: `virtualbox-ovf`
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This VirtualBox Packer builder is able to create
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[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) virtual machines and export them in
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the OVF format, starting from an existing OVF/OVA (exported virtual machine
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image).
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When exporting from VirtualBox make sure to choose OVF Version 2, since Version
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1 is not compatible and will generate errors like this:
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```shell-session
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==> virtualbox-ovf: Progress state: VBOX_E_FILE_ERROR
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==> virtualbox-ovf: VBoxManage: error: Appliance read failed
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==> virtualbox-ovf: VBoxManage: error: Error reading "source.ova": element "Section" has no "type" attribute, line 21
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==> virtualbox-ovf: VBoxManage: error: Details: code VBOX_E_FILE_ERROR (0x80bb0004), component Appliance, interface IAppliance
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==> virtualbox-ovf: VBoxManage: error: Context: "int handleImportAppliance(HandlerArg*)" at line 304 of file VBoxManageAppliance.cpp
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```
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The builder builds a virtual machine by importing an existing OVF or OVA file.
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It then boots this image, runs provisioners on this new VM, and exports that VM
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to create the image. The imported machine is deleted prior to finishing the
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build.
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## Basic Example
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Here is a basic example. This example is functional if you have an OVF matching
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the settings here.
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="JSON">
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```json
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{
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"type": "virtualbox-ovf",
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"source_path": "source.ovf",
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"ssh_username": "packer",
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"ssh_password": "packer",
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"shutdown_command": "echo 'packer' | sudo -S shutdown -P now"
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}
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```
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="HCL2">
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```hcl
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source "virtualbox-ovf" "basic-example" {
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source_path = "source.ovf"
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ssh_username = "packer"
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ssh_password = "packer"
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shutdown_command = "echo 'packer' | sudo -S shutdown -P now"
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}
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build {
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sources = ["sources.virtualbox-ovf.basic-example"]
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}
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```
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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It is important to add a `shutdown_command`. By default Packer halts the virtual
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machine and the file system may not be sync'd. Thus, changes made in a
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provisioner might not be saved.
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## Configuration Reference
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There are many configuration options available for the builder. In addition to
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the items listed here, you will want to look at the general configuration
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references for [ISO](#iso-configuration),
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[HTTP](#http-directory-configuration),
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[Floppy](#floppy-configuration),
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[Export](#export-configuration),
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[Boot](#boot-configuration),
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[Shutdown](#shutdown-configuration),
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[Run](#run-configuration),
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[Communicator](#communicator-configuration)
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configuration references, which are
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necessary for this build to succeed and can be found further down the page.
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### Required:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/ovf/Config-required.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/ovf/Config-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxVersionConfig-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/GuestAdditionsConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### VBoxManage configuration
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxManageConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Http directory configuration
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/HTTPConfig.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/HTTPConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Floppy configuration
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/FloppyConfig.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/FloppyConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### CD configuration
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/CDConfig.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/multistep/commonsteps/CDConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Export configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/ExportConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Output configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/OutputConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Run configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/RunConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Shutdown configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/ShutdownConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Communicator configuration
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#### Optional common fields:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/Config-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/CommConfig-not-required.mdx'
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#### Optional SSH fields:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSH-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSHTemporaryKeyPair-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSH-Key-Pair-Name-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSH-Private-Key-File-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/SSH-Agent-Auth-not-required.mdx'
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#### Optional WinRM fields:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/communicator/WinRM-not-required.mdx'
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### Boot Configuration
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/bootcommand/BootConfig.mdx'
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Please note that for the Virtuabox builder, the IP address of the HTTP server
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Packer launches for you to access files like the preseed file in the example
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above (`{{ .HTTPIP }}`) is hardcoded to 10.0.2.2. If you change the network
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of your VM you must guarantee that you can still access this HTTP server.
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The boot command is sent to the VM through the `VBoxManage` utility in as few
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invocations as possible. We send each character in groups of 25, with a default
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delay of 100ms between groups. The delay alleviates issues with latency and CPU
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contention. If you notice missing keys, you can tune this delay by specifying
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"boot_keygroup_interval" in your Packer template, for example:
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="JSON">
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```json
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{
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"builders": [
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{
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"type": "virtualbox-ovf",
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"boot_keygroup_interval": "500ms"
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...
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}
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]
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}
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```
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="HCL2">
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```hcl
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source "virtualbox-ovf" "basic-example" {
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boot_keygroup_interval = "500ms"
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# ...
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}
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```
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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#### Optional:
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@include 'packer-plugin-sdk/bootcommand/BootConfig-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builders/virtualbox-ssh-key-pair.mdx'
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## Guest Additions
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Packer will automatically download the proper guest additions for the version of
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VirtualBox that is running and upload those guest additions into the virtual
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machine so that provisioners can easily install them.
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Packer downloads the guest additions from the official VirtualBox website, and
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verifies the file with the official checksums released by VirtualBox.
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After the virtual machine is up and the operating system is installed, Packer
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uploads the guest additions into the virtual machine. The path where they are
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uploaded is controllable by `guest_additions_path`, and defaults to
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"VBoxGuestAdditions.iso". Without an absolute path, it is uploaded to the home
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directory of the SSH user.
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## VBoxManage Commands
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxManageConfig.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxManageConfig-not-required.mdx'
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