271 lines
7.6 KiB
Plaintext
271 lines
7.6 KiB
Plaintext
---
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modeline: |
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vim: set ft=pandoc:
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description: |
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The VirtualBox Packer builder is able to create VirtualBox virtual machines
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and export them in the OVF format, starting from an ISO image.
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layout: docs
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page_title: VirtualBox ISO - Builders
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sidebar_title: ISO
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---
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# VirtualBox Builder (from an ISO)
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Type: `virtualbox-iso`
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The VirtualBox Packer builder is able to create
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[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) virtual machines and export them in
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the OVF format, starting from an ISO image.
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The builder builds a virtual machine by creating a new virtual machine from
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scratch, booting it, installing an OS, provisioning software within the OS, then
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shutting it down. The result of the VirtualBox builder is a directory containing
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all the files necessary to run the virtual machine portably.
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## Basic Example
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Here is a basic example. This example is not functional. It will start the OS
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installer but then fail because we don't provide the preseed file for Ubuntu to
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self-install. Still, the example serves to show the basic configuration:
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="JSON">
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```json
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{
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"type": "virtualbox-iso",
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"guest_os_type": "Ubuntu_64",
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"iso_url": "http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04/ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.iso",
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"iso_checksum": "md5:769474248a3897f4865817446f9a4a53",
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"ssh_username": "packer",
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"ssh_password": "packer",
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"shutdown_command": "echo 'packer' | sudo -S shutdown -P now"
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}
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```
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="HCL2">
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```hcl
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source "virtualbox-iso" "basic-example" {
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guest_os_type = "Ubuntu_64"
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iso_url = "http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04/ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.iso"
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iso_checksum = "md5:769474248a3897f4865817446f9a4a53"
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ssh_username = "packer"
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ssh_password = "packer"
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shutdown_command = "echo 'packer' | sudo -S shutdown -P now"
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}
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build {
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sources = ["sources.virtualbox-iso.basic-example"]
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}
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```
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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It is important to add a `shutdown_command`. By default Packer halts the virtual
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machine and the file system may not be sync'd. Thus, changes made in a
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provisioner might not be saved.
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## VirtualBox-ISO Builder Configuration Reference
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There are many configuration options available for the builder. In addition to
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the items listed here, you will want to look at the general configuration
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references for [ISO](#iso-configuration),
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[HTTP](#http-directory-configuration),
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[Floppy](#floppy-configuration),
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[Export](#export-configuration),
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[Boot](#boot-configuration),
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[Shutdown](#shutdown-configuration),
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[Run](#run-configuration),
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[Communicator](#communicator-configuration)
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configuration references, which are
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necessary for this build to succeed and can be found further down the page.
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/iso/Config-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxVersionConfig-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxBundleConfig-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/GuestAdditionsConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### ISO Configuration
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@include 'common/ISOConfig.mdx'
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#### Required:
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@include 'common/ISOConfig-required.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'common/ISOConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Http directory configuration
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@include 'common/HTTPConfig.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'common/HTTPConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Floppy configuration
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@include 'common/FloppyConfig.mdx'
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#### Optional:
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@include 'common/FloppyConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Export configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/ExportConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Output configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/OutputConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Run configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/RunConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Shutdown configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/ShutdownConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Hardware configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/HWConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### VBox Manage configuration
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#### Optional:
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/VBoxManageConfig-not-required.mdx'
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### Communicator configuration
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#### Optional common fields:
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@include 'helper/communicator/Config-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builder/virtualbox/common/CommConfig-not-required.mdx'
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#### Optional SSH fields:
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@include 'helper/communicator/SSH-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'helper/communicator/SSH-Temporary-Key-Pair-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'helper/communicator/SSH-Key-Pair-Name-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'helper/communicator/SSH-Private-Key-File-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'helper/communicator/SSH-Agent-Auth-not-required.mdx'
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#### Optional WinRM fields:
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@include 'helper/communicator/WinRM-not-required.mdx'
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### Boot Configuration
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@include 'common/bootcommand/BootConfig.mdx'
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Please note that for the Virtuabox builder, the IP address of the HTTP server
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Packer launches for you to access files like the preseed file in the example
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above (`{{ .HTTPIP }}`) is hardcoded to 10.0.2.2. If you change the network
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of your VM you must guarantee that you can still access this HTTP server.
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The boot command is sent to the VM through the `VBoxManage` utility in as few
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invocations as possible. We send each character in groups of 25, with a default
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delay of 100ms between groups. The delay alleviates issues with latency and CPU
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contention. If you notice missing keys, you can tune this delay by specifying
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"boot_keygroup_interval" in your Packer template, for example:
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```json
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{
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"builders": [
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{
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"type": "virtualbox",
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"boot_keygroup_interval": "500ms"
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...
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}
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]
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}
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```
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#### Optional:
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@include 'common/bootcommand/BootConfig-not-required.mdx'
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@include 'builders/virtualbox-ssh-key-pair.mdx'
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## Guest Additions
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Packer will automatically download the proper guest additions for the version of
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VirtualBox that is running and upload those guest additions into the virtual
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machine so that provisioners can easily install them.
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Packer downloads the guest additions from the official VirtualBox website, and
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verifies the file with the official checksums released by VirtualBox.
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After the virtual machine is up and the operating system is installed, Packer
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uploads the guest additions into the virtual machine. The path where they are
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uploaded is controllable by `guest_additions_path`, and defaults to
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"VBoxGuestAdditions.iso". Without an absolute path, it is uploaded to the home
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directory of the SSH user.
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## VBoxManage Commands
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In order to perform extra customization of the virtual machine, a template can
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define extra calls to `VBoxManage` to perform.
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[VBoxManage](https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html) is the command-line
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interface to VirtualBox where you can completely control VirtualBox. It can be
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used to do things such as set RAM, CPUs, etc.
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Extra VBoxManage commands are defined in the template in the `vboxmanage`
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section. An example is shown below that sets the VRAM within the virtual machine:
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```json
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{
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"vboxmanage": [["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--vram", "64"]]
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}
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```
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The value of `vboxmanage` is an array of commands to execute. These commands are
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executed in the order defined. So in the above example, the memory will be set
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followed by the CPUs.
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Each command itself is an array of strings, where each string is an argument to
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`VBoxManage`. Each argument is treated as a [configuration
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template](/docs/templates/engine). The only available
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variable is `Name` which is replaced with the unique name of the VM, which is
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required for many VBoxManage calls.
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## Creating an EFI enabled VM
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If you want to create an EFI enabled VM, make sure you set the `iso_interface`
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to "sata". Otherwise your attached drive will not be bootable. Example:
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```json
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"iso_interface": "sata",
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"vboxmanage": [
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[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--firmware", "EFI" ]
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]
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```
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