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+PEP: 490
+Title: Chain exceptions at C level
+Version: $Revision$
+Last-Modified: $Date$
+Author: Victor Stinner <victor.stinner@gmail.com>
+Status: Draft
+Type: Standards Track
+Content-Type: text/x-rst
+Created: 25-March-2015
+Python-Version: 3.5
+
+
+Abstract
+========
+
+Python 3 chained exceptions: PEP 3134. This PEP makes the same change at C
+level.
+
+
+Rationale
+=========
+
+Python 3 chained exceptions: PEP 3134. This PEP makes the same change at C
+level.
+
+
+Proposal
+========
+
+Modify PyErr_*() funnctions to chain exceptions
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Modify C functions raising exceptions of the Python C API to automatically
+chain exceptions.
+
+
+Modify functions to not chain exceptions
+----------------------------------------
+
+Keep the original exception is not always interesting. Example in Python
+(``os._Environ.__getitem__``)::
+
+    try:
+        value = self._data[self.encodekey(key)]
+    except KeyError:
+        # raise KeyError with the original key value
+        raise KeyError(key) from None
+
+To remove the previous exception, PyErr_Clear() can be called before
+PyErr_SetString() (or other functions raising exceptions).
+
+
+Python C API
+------------
+
+Include/pyerror.h declares functions related to exceptions.
+
+Functions raising exceptions:
+
+* PyErr_SetNone(exc_type)
+* PyErr_SetObject(exc_type, exc_value)
+* PyErr_SetString(exc_type, message)
+* PyErr_Format(exc, format, ...)
+
+Helpers to raise specific exceptions:
+
+* PyErr_BadArgument()
+* PyErr_BadInternalCall()
+* PyErr_NoMemory()
+* PyErr_SetFromErrno(exc)
+* PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(err)
+* PyErr_SetImportError(message, name, path)
+* _PyErr_SetKeyError(key)
+* _PyErr_TrySetFromCause(prefix_format, ...)
+
+Manage the current exception:
+
+* PyErr_Clear(): clear the current exception, like "except: pass"
+* PyErr_Fetch(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
+* PyErr_Restore(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
+* PyErr_GetExcInfo(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
+* PyErr_SetExcInfo(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
+
+Others function to handle exceptions:
+
+* PyErr_ExceptionMatches(exc): check to implement "except exc: ..."
+* PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc1, exc2)
+* PyErr_NormalizeException(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
+* _PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
+
+
+Backward compatibility
+======================
+
+XXX
+
+
+Alternatives
+============
+
+No change
+---------
+
+Python 3.5 introduces a new private ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions()`` function which
+is enough to chain manually exceptions.
+
+
+New helpers to chain exceptions
+-------------------------------
+
+Functions like ``PyErr_SetString()`` don't chain automatically exceptions. To
+make usage of ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions()`` easier, new functions are added:
+
+* PyErr_SetStringChain(exc_type, message)
+* PyErr_FormatChaine(exc_type, format, ...)
+* PyErr_SetNoneChain(exc_type)
+* PyErr_SetObjectChain(exc_type, exc_value)
+
+Helper functions like _PyErr_SetKeyError(key) or PyErr_SetImportError(message,
+name, path) don't chain exceptions. The generic
+_PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb) should be used.
+
+
+Appendix
+========
+
+Python Issues
+-------------
+
+Chain exceptions:
+
+* `Chain exceptions in C
+  <http://bugs.python.org/issue23763>`_
+* `Chaining exceptions at C level
+  <http://bugs.python.org/issue21715>`_: added _PyErr_ChainExceptions()
+* `zipimport: chain ImportError to OSError
+  <http://bugs.python.org/issue23696>`_
+
+Prevent loosing exceptions:
+
+* `Raise SystemError if a function returns a result with an exception set
+  <http://bugs.python.org/issue23571>`_
+
+
+PEPs
+----
+
+* `PEP 3134 -- Exception Chaining and Embedded Tracebacks
+  <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3134/>`_ (Python 3.0):
+  new ``__context__`` and ``__cause__`` attributes for exceptions
+* `PEP 415 - Implement context suppression with exception attributes
+  <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0415/>`_ (Python 3.3):
+  ``raise exc from None``
+* `PEP 409 - Suppressing exception context
+  <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0409/>`_ (superseded by the PEP 415)
+
+
+Copyright
+=========
+
+This document has been placed in the public domain.
+
+
+
+..
+   Local Variables:
+   mode: indented-text
+   indent-tabs-mode: nil
+   sentence-end-double-space: t
+   fill-column: 70
+   coding: utf-8
+   End: