PEP 598: Fix terminology, reference support policy NEP (#1134)
- several Scientific Python projects are working on a common version support policy for their projects, which we need to take into account when considering changes to our release cadence - reviewing that draft NEP highlighted several problems with the way this PEP was using the "major" and "minor" terms, so this takes a pass through that, replacing inappropriate uses of "major" with "feature", and and inapproriate uses of "minor" with "micro" - I also went through and collected statistics on how many changes we've been making in micro releases that warranted version added/changed notes in the docs
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Nick Coghlan
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pep-0598.rst
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pep-0598.rst
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@ -16,31 +16,31 @@ Abstract
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PEP 596 has proposed reducing the feature delivery latency for the Python
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standard library and CPython reference interpreter by increasing the frequency
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of major CPython releases from every 18-24 months to instead occur every 9-12
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of CPython feature releases from every 18-24 months to instead occur every 9-12
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months.
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Adopting such an approach has several significant practical downsides, as a
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CPython major release carries certain expectations (most notably, a 5 year
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CPython feature release carries certain expectations (most notably, a 5 year
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maintenance lifecycle, support for parallel installation with the previous
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major release, and the possibility of breaking chnages to the CPython-specific
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ABI, requiring recompilation of all extension modules) that mean faster major
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feature release, and the possibility of breaking changes to the CPython-specific
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ABI, requiring recompilation of all extension modules) that mean faster feature
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releases would significantly increase the burden of maintaining 3rd party
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Python libraries and applications across all actively supported CPython
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releases.
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It's also arguable whether such an approach would actually noticeably reduce
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the typical feature delivery latency, as the adoption cycle for new major
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the typical feature delivery latency, as the adoption cycle for new feature
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releases is typically measured in months or years, so more frequent releases
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may just lead to end users updating to every 3rd or 4th major release, rather
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than every 2nd or 3rd major release (as already happens today).
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may just lead to end users updating to every 3rd or 4th feature release, rather
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than every 2nd or 3rd feature release (as already happens today).
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This PEP presents a competing proposal to instead *slow down* the frequency of
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parallel installable major feature releases that change the filesystem layout
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parallel installable feature releases that change the filesystem layout
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and CPython ABI to a consistent 24 month cycle, but to compensate for this by
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introducing the notion of build compatible incremental feature releases, and
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then deferring the full feature freeze of a given major release series from the
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initial baseline X.Y.0 release to a subsequent X.Y.Z feature complete release
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that occurs ~12 months after the initial baseline feature release.
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then deferring the full feature freeze of a given feature release series from
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the initial baseline X.Y.0 release to a subsequent X.Y.Z feature complete
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release that occurs ~12 months after the initial baseline feature release.
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A new ``feature_complete`` attribute on the ``sys.version_info`` structure will
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provide a programmatic indicator as to whether or not a release series remains
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@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ Example Future Release Schedules
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================================
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Under this proposal, Python 3.9.0a1 would be released in November 2019, shortly
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after the Python 3.8.0 feature freeze release in October 2019.
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after the Python 3.8.0 feature complete release in October 2019.
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The 3.9.0b1 release would then follow 6 months later in May 2020, with 3.9.0
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itself being released in October 2020.
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Assuming minor releases of 3.9.x were to occur quarterly, then the overall
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Assuming micro releases of 3.9.x were to occur quarterly, then the overall
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release timeline would look like:
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* 2019-11: 3.9.0a1
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@ -134,12 +134,12 @@ TODO: this really needs a diagram to help explain it, so I'll add a picture
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once I have one to add.
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This is quite similar to the status quo, but with a more consistent cadence,
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alternating between major feature release years (2020, 2022, etc) that focus
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alternating between baseline feature release years (2020, 2022, etc) that focus
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on the alpha and beta cycle for a new baseline feature release (while continuing
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to publish maintenance releases for the previous major release series), and
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incremental feature release years (2021, 2023, etc), that focus on making
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smaller improvements to the current major release series (while making plans
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for the next major release series the following year).
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to publish maintenance releases for the previous feature release series), and
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feature complete release years (2021, 2023, etc), that focus on making
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smaller improvements to the current feature release series (while making plans
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for the next feature release series the following year).
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Proposal
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@ -193,15 +193,15 @@ would qualify as a "feature release" in the PEP 13 sense (incremental feature
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releases wouldn't count).
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Baseline feature releases and major release series
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--------------------------------------------------
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Baseline feature releases and feature release series
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----------------------------------------------------
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Baseline feature releases are essentially just the existing feature releases,
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given a new name to help distinguish them from the new incremental feature
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releases, and also to help indicate that unlike their predecessors, they are
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no longer considered feature complete at release.
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Baseline feature releases would continue to define a new major release series,
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Baseline feature releases would continue to define a new feature release series,
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locking in the following language, build, and installation compatibility
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constraints for the remainder of that series:
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@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ Baseline feature releases would also continue to be the only releases where:
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- other changes requiring "Porting to Python X.Y" entries in the What's New
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document can be introduced
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Key characteristics of a major release series:
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Key characteristics of a feature release series:
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- an installation within one major release series does not conflict with
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installations of other major release series (i.e. they can be installed in parallel)
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- an installation within a major release series can be updated to a later minor
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release within the same series without requiring reinstallation or any other
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changes to previously installed components
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- an installation within one feature release series does not conflict with
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installations of other feature release series (i.e. they can be installed in parallel)
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- an installation within a feature release series can be updated to a later
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micro release within the same series without requiring reinstallation
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or any other changes to previously installed components
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Key characteristics of a baseline feature release:
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- in a baseline feature release, ``sys.version_info.feature_complete == False``
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- in a baseline feature release, ``sys.version_info.minor == 0``
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- in a baseline feature release, ``sys.version_info.micro == 0``
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- baseline feature releases may contain higher risk changes to the language and
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interpreter, such as grammar modifications, major refactoring of interpreter
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and standard library internals, or potentially invasive feature additions that
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@ -242,16 +242,16 @@ Key characteristics of a baseline feature release:
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permitted to rely on ``sys.version_info`` as their sole runtime indicator
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of the feature's availability
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Key expectations around major release series and baseline feature releases:
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Key expectations around feature release series and baseline feature releases:
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- most public projects will only actively test against the *most recent*
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minor release within a release series
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micro release within a release series
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- many (most?) public projects will only add a new release series to their test
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matrix *after* the initial baseline feature release has already been published,
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which can make it difficult to resolve issues that require providing new flags
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or APIs to explicitly opt-in to old behaviour after a default behaviour changed
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- private projects with known target environments will test against whichever
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minor release version they're actually using
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micro release version they're actually using
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- most private projects will also only consider migrating to a new release
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series *after* the initial baseline feature release has already been published,
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again posing a problem if the resolution of their problems requires an API
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@ -288,12 +288,12 @@ relaxed policies around API additions and enhancements:
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The intent of this change in policy is to allow usability improvements for new
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(and existing!) language features to be delivered in a more timely fashion,
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rather than requiring users to incur the inherent delay and costs of waiting for
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and then upgrading to the next major release series.
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and then upgrading to the next feature release series.
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Key characteristics of an incremental feature release:
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- in an incremental feature release, ``sys.version_info.feature_complete == False``
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- in an incremental feature release, ``sys.version_info.minor != 0``
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- in an incremental feature release, ``sys.version_info.micro != 0``
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- all API additions made in an incremental feature release must support
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efficient runtime feature detection that doesn't rely on either
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``sys.version_info`` or runtime code object introspection. In most cases, a
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@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ Key characteristics of an incremental feature release:
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Key expectations around incremental feature releases:
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- "don't break existing installations on upgrade" remains a key requirement
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for all minor releases, even with the more permissive change inclusion policy
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for all micro releases, even with the more permissive change inclusion policy
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- more intrusive changes should still be deferred to the next baseline feature
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release
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- public Python projects that start relying on features added in an incremental
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@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ permitted to add algorithms to ``hashlib.algorithms_available``)
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Feature complete release and subsequent maintenance releases
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------------------------------------------------------------
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The feature complete release for a given major release series would be
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The feature complete release for a given feature release series would be
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developed under the normal policy for an incremental feature release, but
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would have one distinguishing feature:
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@ -350,6 +350,28 @@ long as an API remains in the provisional state, regular backwards compatibility
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requirements would not apply to that API in baseline and incremental feature
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releases.
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This policy is expected to provide increased clarity to end users (as even
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provisional APIs will become stable for that release series in the feature
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complete release), with minimal practical downsides for standard library
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maintainers, based on the following analysis of documented API additions and
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changes in micro releases of CPython since 3.0.0:
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* 21 3.x.1 version added/changed notes
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* 30 3.x.2 version added/changed notes
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* 18 3.x.3 version added/changed notes
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* 11 3.x.4 version added/changed notes
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* 1 3.x.5 version added/changed notes
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* 0 3.x.6+ version added/changed notes
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When post-baseline-release changes need to be made, the majority of them occur
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within the first two maintenance releases, which have always occurred within 12
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months of the baseline release.
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(Note: these counts are not solely for provisional APIs - they cover all APIs
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where semantic changes were made after the baseline release that were considered
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necessary to cover in the documentation. To avoid double counting changes, the
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numbers exclude any change markers from the What's New section)
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Motivation
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==========
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@ -367,7 +389,7 @@ ABI, and just generally having a high chance of inflicting a relatively high
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level of additional cost across the entire Python ecosystem.
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The view taken in this PEP is that there's an alternative approach that provides
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most of the benefits of a faster major release without actually incurring the
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most of the benefits of a faster feature release without actually incurring the
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associated costs: we can split the current X.Y.0 "feature freeze" into two
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parts, such that the baseline X.Y.0 release only imposes a
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"runtime compatibility freeze", and the full standard library feature freeze
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@ -387,16 +409,16 @@ sprints). However, part of the goal of this proposal is to provide a consistent
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annual cadence for both contributors and end users, so adjustments ideally would
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be rare.
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This PEP does not dictate a specific cadence for minor releases within a release
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series - it just specifies the rouch timelines for transitions between the
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This PEP does not dictate a specific cadence for micro releases within a release
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series - it just specifies the rough timelines for transitions between the
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release series lifecycle phases (pre-alpha, alpha, beta, feature releases,
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bug fixes, security fixes). The number of minor releases within each phase is
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bug fixes, security fixes). The number of micro releases within each phase is
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determined by the release manager for that series based on how frequently they
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and the rest of the release team for that series are prepared to undertake the
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associated work.
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However, for the sake of the example timelines, the PEP assumes quarterly
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minor releases (the cadence used for Python 3.6 and 3.7, splitting the
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micro releases (the cadence used for Python 3.6 and 3.7, splitting the
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difference between the twice yearly cadence used for some historical release
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series, and the monthly cadence planned for Python 3.8 and 3.9).
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@ -404,11 +426,11 @@ series, and the monthly cadence planned for Python 3.8 and 3.9).
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Design Discussion
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=================
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Why this proposal over simply doing more frequent major releases?
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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Why this proposal over simply doing more frequent baseline feature releases?
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The filesystem layout changes and other inherently incompatible changes involved
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in a major version update create additional work for large sections of the
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in a baseline feature release create additional work for large sections of the
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wider Python community.
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Decoupling those layout changes from the Python version numbering scheme is also
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@ -418,7 +440,7 @@ install over the top of each other, and which can be installed in parallel on
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a single system.
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We also don't have a straightforward means to communicate to the community
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variations in support periods like "Only support major version X.Y until
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variations in support periods like "Only support Python version X.Y until
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X.Y+1 is out, but support X.Z until X.Z+2 is out".
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So this PEP takes as its starting assumption that the vast majority of Python
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@ -433,7 +455,7 @@ Implications for Python library development
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-------------------------------------------
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Many Python libraries (both open source and proprietary) currently adopt the
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practice of testing solely against the latest minor release within each major
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practice of testing solely against the latest micro release within each feature
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release series that the project still supports.
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The design assumption in this PEP is that this practice will continue to be
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@ -441,21 +463,59 @@ followed during the feature release phase of a release series, with the
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expectation being that anyone choosing to adopt a new release series before it
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is feature complete will closely track the incremental feature releases.
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Libraries that support a previous major release series are unlikely to adopt
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Libraries that support a previous feature release series are unlikely to adopt
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features added in an incremental feature release, and if they do adopt such
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a feature, then any associated fallback compatibility strategies should be
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implemented in such a way that they're also effective on the earlier releases
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in that release series.
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Implications for the proposed Scientific Python ecosystem support period
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Based on discussions at SciPy 2019, a NEP is currently being drafted [2_] to
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define a common convention across the Scientific Python ecosystem for dropping
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support for older Python versions.
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While the exact formulation of that policy is still being discussed, the initial
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proposal was very simple: support any Python feature release published within
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the last 42 months.
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For an 18 month feature release cadence, that works out to always supporting at
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least the two most recent feature releases, and then dropping support for all
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X.Y.z releases around 6 months after X.(Y+2).0 is released. This means there is
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a 6 month period roughly every other year where the three most recent feature
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releases are supported.
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For a 12 month release cadence, it would work out to always supporting at
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least the three most recent feature releases, and then dropping support for all
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X.Y.z releases around 6 months after X.(Y+3).0 is released. This means that
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for half of each year, the four most recent feature releases would be supported.
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For a 24 month release cadence, a 42 month support cycle works out to always
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supporting at least the most recent feature release, and then dropping support
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for all X.Y.z feature releases around 18 months after X.(Y+1).0 is released.
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This means there is a 6 month period every other year where only one feature
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release is supported (and that period overlaps with the pre-release testing
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period for the X.(Y+2).0 baseline feature release).
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Importantly for the proposal in this PEP, that support period would abide by
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the recommendation that library developers maintain support for the previous
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release series until the latest release series has attained feature complete
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status: dropping support 18 months after the baseline feature release will be
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roughly equivalent to dropping support 6 months after the feature complete
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release, without needing to track exactly *which* release marked the series as
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feature complete.
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Implications for simple deployment environments
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-----------------------------------------------
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For the purposes of this PEP, a "simple" deployment environment is any use case
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where it is straightforward to ensure that all target environments are updated
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to a new Python minor version at the same time (or at least in advance of the
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to a new Python micro version at the same time (or at least in advance of the
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rollout of new higher level application versions), such that any pre-release
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testing that occurs need only target a single Python minor version.
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testing that occurs need only target a single Python micro version.
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The simplest such case would be scripting for personal use, where the testing
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and target environments are the exact same environment.
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@ -466,7 +526,7 @@ any application that bundles its own Python runtime, rather than relying on a
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pre-existing Python deployment on the target system.
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For these use cases, this PEP shouldn't have any significant implications - only
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a single minor Python version needs to be tested, independently of whether that
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a single micro version needs to be tested, independently of whether that
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version is feature complete or not.
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@ -475,9 +535,9 @@ Implications for complex deployment environments
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For the purposes of this PEP, "complex" deployment environments are use cases
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which don't meet the "simple deployment" criterion above: new application
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versions are combined with two or more distinct minor Python versions within
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versions are combined with two or more distinct micro versions within
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the same release series as part of the deployment process, rather than always
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targeting exactly one minor version at a time.
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targeting exactly one micro version at a time.
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If the proposal in this PEP has the desired effect of reducing feature delivery
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latency, then it can be expected that developers using a release series that is
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@ -489,9 +549,9 @@ newer maintenance release is for older maintenance releases.
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One option for handling such cases is to simply prohibit the use of new Python
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versions until the series has reached "feature complete" status. Such a policy
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is effectively already adopted by many organisations when it comes to new major
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feature releases, with acceptance into operational environments occurring months
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or years after the original release. If this policy is adopted, then such
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is effectively already adopted by many organisations when it comes to new
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feature release series, with acceptance into operational environments occurring
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months or years after the original release. If this policy is adopted, then such
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organisations could potentially still adopt a new Python version every other
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year - it would just be based on the availability of the feature complete
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releases, rather than the baseline feature releases.
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@ -505,7 +565,7 @@ However, a third variant, which allows selective adoption of new language
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features where appropriate, while also degrading gracefully enough to be
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suitable for mission critical applications, would be to institute a policy that
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applications wishing to target a release series that is not yet feature complete
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must also support the previous major release series for compatibility testing
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must also support the previous feature release series for compatibility testing
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purposes.
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If this last policy is adopted, then testing against the previous release series
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@ -525,16 +585,16 @@ any additional safeguards in their testing process.
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Depending on demand and interest, there are also further enhancements that could
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be made to continuous integration pipelines to help ensure compatibility with
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a chosen minimum version within a release series, without needing to run tests
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against multiple minor releases. For example, applications could potentially be
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tested against the latest minor feature release, but typechecked against the
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oldest still deployed minor feature release.
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against multiple micro releases. For example, applications could potentially be
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tested against the latest incremental feature release, but typechecked against
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the oldest still deployed incremental feature release.
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Duration of the feature additions period
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----------------------------------------
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This PEP proposes that feature additions be limited to 12 months after the
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initial major feature release.
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initial baseline feature release.
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The primary motivation for that is specifically to sync up with the Ubuntu LTS
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timing, such that the feature complete release for the Python 3.9.x series gets
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|
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@ -545,13 +605,13 @@ align with stable versions of their inputs. Canonical deliberately haven't
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given themselves that flexibility with their own release cycle).
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The 12 month feature addition period then arises from splitting the time
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from the 2019-10 release of Python 3.8.0 and a final Python 3.9.x minor feature
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release in 2021-10 evenly between pre-release development and subsequent
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minor feature releases.
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from the 2019-10 release of Python 3.8.0 and a final Python 3.9.x incremental
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feature release in 2021-10 evenly between pre-release development and subsequent
|
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incremental feature releases.
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This is an area where this PEP could adopt part of the proposal in PEP 596,
|
||||
by instead making that split ~9 months of pre-release development, and ~15
|
||||
months of minor feature releases:
|
||||
months of incremental feature releases:
|
||||
|
||||
* 2019-11: 3.9.0a1
|
||||
* ... additional alpha releases as determined by the release manager
|
||||
|
|
@ -609,11 +669,11 @@ few months later.
|
|||
While alternating the annual cadence between "big foundational enhancements"
|
||||
and "targeted low risk API usability improvements" is a deliberate feature of
|
||||
this proposal, it still seems strange to wait that long for feedback in the
|
||||
event that changes *are* made shortly after the previous major version is
|
||||
event that changes *are* made shortly after the previous release series is
|
||||
branched.
|
||||
|
||||
An alternative way of handling this would be to start publishing alpha releases
|
||||
for the next major feature release during the feature addition period (similar
|
||||
for the next baseline feature release during the feature addition period (similar
|
||||
to the way that PEP 596 proposes to starting publishing Python 3.9.0 alpha
|
||||
releases during the Python 3.8.0 release candidate period).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -644,11 +704,11 @@ release types.
|
|||
|
||||
If the proposal in this PEP were to be accepted by the Steering Council for
|
||||
Python 3.9, then a better time to tackle that technical question would be for
|
||||
the subsequent October 2022 major feature release, as there are already inherent
|
||||
the subsequent October 2022 baseline feature release, as there are already inherent
|
||||
compatibility risks associated with the choice of either "Python 4.0" (erroneous
|
||||
checks for the major version being exactly 3 rather than 3 or greater), or
|
||||
"Python 3.10" (code incorrectly assuming that the minor version will always
|
||||
contain exactly one decimal digit) [1].
|
||||
contain exactly one decimal digit) [1_].
|
||||
|
||||
While the text of this PEP assumes that the release published in 2022 will be
|
||||
3.10 (as the PEP author personally considers that the more reasonable and most
|
||||
|
|
@ -697,9 +757,12 @@ And the 5 year schedule forecast would look like:
|
|||
References
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
[1] Anthony Sottile created a pseudo "Python 3.10" to find and fix such issues
|
||||
.. [1] Anthony Sottile created a pseudo "Python 3.10" to find and fix such issues
|
||||
(https://github.com/asottile/python3.10)
|
||||
|
||||
.. [2] NEP proposing a standard policy for dropping support of old Python versions
|
||||
(https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/14086)
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue