PEP 638: Correct punctuation (accd'ing to "Gregg Ref. Man., 11th Ed.") (#1654)

* Correct numerous punctuation errors (see "Gregg Reference Manual, 11th Edition" for definition of correct punctuation). Also fix a few clumsy usages.
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@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ The use of Python in data science and machine learning has grown very rapidly
over the last few years.
However, most of the core developers of Python do not have a background in
data science or machine learning.
This makes it extremely difficult for the core developers to determine if a
This makes it extremely difficult for the core developers to determine whether a
language extension for machine learning is worthwhile.
By allowing language extensions to be modular and distributable, like libraries,
domain specific extensions can be implemented without negatively impacting
domain-specific extensions can be implemented without negatively impacting
users outside of that domain.
A web developer is likely to want a very different set of extensions from
a data scientist.
We need to let the community develop their own extensions.
Without some form of user defined language extensions,
Without some form of user-defined language extensions,
there will be a constant battle between those wanting to keep the
language compact and fitting their brains, and those wanting a new feature
that suits their domain or programming style.
@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ Improving the expressiveness of libraries for specific domains
Many domains see repeated patterns that are difficult or impossible
to express as a library.
Macros can allow those patterns to be expressed in a more concise and less error
prone way.
Macros can express those patterns in a more concise and less error-prone way.
Trialing new language features
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
@ -90,14 +89,14 @@ features were still being fixed many years after they were released.
Long term stability for the bytecode interpreter
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Historically new language features have been implemented by naive compilation
Historically, new language features have been implemented by naive compilation
of the AST into new, complex bytecode instructions.
Those bytecodes have often had their own internal flow-control, performing
operations that that could, and should, have been done in the compiler.
For example,
until recently flow control within the ``try``-``finally`` and ``with``
statements was managed by complicated bytecodes with context dependent semantics.
statements was managed by complicated bytecodes with context-dependent semantics.
The control flow within those statements is now implemented in the compiler, making
the interpreter simpler and faster.
@ -111,10 +110,10 @@ Rationale
=========
Python is both expressive and easy to learn;
it is widely recognized as the easiest to learn widely-used programming language.
it is widely recognized as the easiest-to-learn, widely used programming language.
However, it is not the most flexible. That title belongs to lisp.
Because lisp is homoiconic, meaning that lisp programs are lisp data-structures,
Because lisp is homoiconic, meaning that lisp programs are lisp data structures,
lisp programs can be manipulated by lisp programs.
Thus much of the language can be defined in itself.
@ -196,11 +195,11 @@ They support the following syntax:
"from!" dotted_name "import" name [ "as" name ]
The ``import!`` macro performs a compile time import of ``dotted_name``
The ``import!`` macro performs a compile-time import of ``dotted_name``
to find the macro processor, then registers it under ``name``
for the scope currently being compiled.
The ``from!`` macro performs a compile time import of ``dotted_name.name``
The ``from!`` macro performs a compile-time import of ``dotted_name.name``
to find the macro processor, then registers it under ``name``
(using the ``name`` following "as", if present)
for the scope currently being compiled.
@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ A macro processor is defined by a four-tuple, consisting of
* ``func`` must be a callable that takes ``len(additional_names)+1`` arguments, all of which are abstract syntax trees, and returns a single abstract syntax tree.
* ``kind`` must be one of the following:
* ``macros.STMT_MACRO`` A statement macro where the body of the macro is indented. This is the only form which is allowed to have additional names.
* ``macros.STMT_MACRO`` A statement macro where the body of the macro is indented. This is the only form allowed to have additional names.
* ``macros.SIBLING_MACRO`` A statement macro where the body of the macro is the next statement is the same block. The following statement is moved into the macro as its body.
* ``macros.EXPR_MACRO`` An expression macro.
@ -286,7 +285,7 @@ Two new AST nodes will be needed to express macros, ``macro_stmt`` and ``macro_e
_fields = "name", "args"
In addition, macro processors will needs a means to express control flow or side effecting code, that produces a value.
In addition, macro processors will needs a means to express control flow or side-effecting code, that produces a value.
To support this, a new ast node, called ``stmt_expr``, that combines a statement and expression will be added.
This new ast node will be a subtype of ``expr``, but include a statement to allow side effects.
It will be compiled to bytecode by compiling the statement, then compiling the value.
@ -300,7 +299,7 @@ It will be compiled to bytecode by compiling the statement, then compiling the v
Hygiene and debugging
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Macros processors will often need to create new variables.
Macro processors will often need to create new variables.
Those variables need to named in such as way as to avoid contaminating the original code and other macros.
No rules for naming will be enforced, but to ensure hygiene and help debugging, the following naming scheme is recommended:
@ -318,13 +317,13 @@ Examples:
Examples
''''''''
Compile time checked data structures
Compile-time-checked data structures
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is common to encode tables of data in Python as large dictionaries.
However, these can be hard to maintain and error prone.
Macros allow this data to be written in a more readable format.
Then, at compile time, it can be verified and converted to an efficient format.
Macros allow such data to be written in a more readable format.
Then, at compile time, the data can be verified and converted to an efficient format.
For example, suppose we have a two dictionary literals mapping codes to names,
and vice versa.
@ -355,10 +354,10 @@ would become:
"blue" = 2
"green" = 3
Domain specific extensions
Domain-specific extensions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Where I see macros having real value is in specific domains, not in general purpose language features.
Where I see macros having real value is in specific domains, not in general-purpose language features.
For example, parsers.
Here's part of a parser definition for Python, using macros:
@ -391,7 +390,7 @@ Matching symbolic expressions
When matching something representing syntax, such a Python ``ast`` node, or a ``sympy`` expression,
it is convenient to match against the actual syntax, not the data structure representing it.
For example, a calculator could be implemented using a domain specific macro for matching syntax:
For example, a calculator could be implemented using a domain-specific macro for matching syntax:
::
@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ Which could be converted to:
a, b = $$match_4_0.left, $$match_4_0.right
return calculate(a) / calculate(b)
Zero cost markers and annotations
Zero-cost markers and annotations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Annotations, either decorators or PEP 3107 function annotations, have a runtime cost
@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ even if they serve only as markers for checkers or as documentation.
def foo(...):
...
can be replaced with the zero cost macro:
can be replaced with the zero-cost macro:
::
@ -454,14 +453,14 @@ can be replaced with the zero cost macro:
Protyping language extensions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although macros would be most valuable for domain specific extensions, it is possible to
Although macros would be most valuable for domain-specific extensions, it is possible to
demonstrate possible language extensions using macros.
f-strings:
..........
The f-string ``f"..."`` could be implemented as macro as ``f!("...")``.
Which is not quite as nice to read, but would still be useful for experimenting with.
Not quite as nice to read, but would still be useful for experimenting with.
Try finally statement:
......................
@ -583,4 +582,3 @@ CC0-1.0-Universal license, whichever is more permissive.
fill-column: 70
coding: utf-8
End: