Major rewrite by Jim Jewett.
The inside-a-string continuation is separated from the general continuation. The alternatives section is expaned to als list Andrew Koenig's improved inside-expressions variant, since that is a real contender.
This commit is contained in:
Guido van Rossum
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pep-3125.txt
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pep-3125.txt
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@ -13,208 +13,209 @@ Post-History: 29-Apr-2007, 30-Apr-2007, 04-May-2007
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Abstract
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========
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Python initially inherited its parsing from C. While this has been
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generally useful, there are some remnants which have been less useful
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for Python, and should be eliminated.
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Python initially inherited its parsing from C. While this has
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been generally useful, there are some remnants which have been
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less useful for python, and should be eliminated.
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This PEP proposes elimination of terminal ``\`` as a marker for line
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continuation.
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This PEP proposes elimination of terminal ``\`` as a marker for
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line continuation.
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Motivation
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==========
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One goal for Python 3000 should be to simplify the language by
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removing unnecessary or duplicated features. There are currently
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several ways to indicate that a logical line is continued on the
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following physical line.
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One goal for Python 3000 should be to simplify the language by
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removing unnecessary or duplicated features. There are currently
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several ways to indicate that a logical line is continued on the
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following physical line.
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The other continuation methods are easily explained as a logical
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consequence of the semantics they provide; ``\`` is simply an escape
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character that needs to be memorized.
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The other continuation methods are easily explained as a logical
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consequence of the semantics they provide; ``\`` is simply an escape
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character that needs to be memorized.
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Existing Line Continuation Methods
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==================================
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Parenthetical Expression - ``([{}])``
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-------------------------------------
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Parenthetical Expression - ([{}])
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---------------------------------
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Open a parenthetical expression. It doesn't matter whether people
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view the "line" as continuing; they do immediately recognize that the
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expression needs to be closed before the statement can end.
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Open a parenthetical expression. It doesn't matter whether people
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view the "line" as continuing; they do immediately recognize that
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the expression needs to be closed before the statement can end.
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Examples using each of ``()``, ``[]``, and ``{}``::
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An examples using each of (), [], and {}::
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def fn(long_argname1,
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long_argname2):
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settings = {"background": "random noise",
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"volume": "barely audible"}
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restrictions = ["Warrantee void if used",
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"Notice must be received by yesterday",
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"Not responsible for sales pitch"]
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def fn(long_argname1,
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long_argname2):
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settings = {"background": "random noise"
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"volume": "barely audible"}
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restrictions = ["Warrantee void if used",
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"Notice must be recieved by yesterday"
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"Not responsible for sales pitch"]
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Note that it is always possible to parenthesize an expression, but it
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can seem odd to parenthesize an expression that needs parentheses only
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for the line break::
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Note that it is always possible to parenthesize an expression,
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but it can seem odd to parenthesize an expression that needs
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them only for the line break::
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assert val>4, (
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"val is too small")
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assert val>4, (
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"val is too small")
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Triple-Quoted Strings
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---------------------
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Open a triple-quoted string; again, people recognize that the string
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needs to finish before the next statement starts. ::
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Open a triple-quoted string; again, people recognize that the
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string needs to finish before the next statement starts.
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banner_message = """
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Satisfaction Guaranteed,
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or DOUBLE YOUR MONEY BACK!!!
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banner_message = """
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Satisfaction Guaranteed,
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or DOUBLE YOUR MONEY BACK!!!
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some minor restrictions apply"""
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some minor restrictions apply"""
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Terminal ``\`` in the general case
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----------------------------------
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A terminal ``\`` indicates that the logical line is continued on the
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following physical line (after whitespace). There are no particular
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semantics associated with this. This form is never required, although
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it may look better (particularly for people with a C language
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background) in some cases::
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A terminal ``\`` indicates that the logical line is continued on the
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following physical line (after whitespace). There are no
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particular semantics associated with this. This form is never
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required, although it may look better (particularly for people
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with a C language background) in some cases::
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>>> assert val>4, \
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"val is too small"
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>>> assert val>4, \
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"val is too small"
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Also note that the ``\`` must be the final character in the line. If
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your editor navigation can add whitespace to the end of a line, that
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invisible change will alter the semantics of the program.
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Fortunately, the typical result is only a syntax error, rather than a
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runtime bug::
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Also note that the ``\`` must be the final character in the line.
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If your editor navigation can add whitespace to the end of a line,
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that invisible change will alter the semantics of the program.
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Fortunately, the typical result is only a syntax error, rather
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than a runtime bug::
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>>> assert val>4, \
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"val is too small"
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>>> assert val>4, \
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"val is too small"
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SyntaxError: unexpected character after line continuation character
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SyntaxError: unexpected character after line continuation character
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This PEP proposes to eliminate this redundant and potentially
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confusing alternative.
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This PEP proposes to eliminate this redundant and potentially
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confusing alternative.
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Terminal ``\`` within a string
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------------------------------
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A terminal ``\`` within a single-quoted string, at the end of the
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line. This is arguably a special case of the terminal ``\``, but it
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is a special case that may be worth keeping. ::
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>>> "abd\
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def"
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'abd def'
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A terminal ``\`` within a single-quoted string, at the end of the
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line. This is arguably a special case of the terminal ``\``, but
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it is a special case that may be worth keeping.
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* Pro: Many of the objections to removing ``\`` termination were
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really just objections to removing it within literal strings;
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several people clarified that they want to keep this literal-string
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usage, but don't mind losing the general case.
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>>> "abd\
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def"
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'abd def'
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* Pro: The use of ``\`` for an escape character within strings is well
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known.
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+ Many of the objections to removing ``\`` termination were really
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just objections to removing it within literal strings; several
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people clarified that they want to keep this literal-string
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usage, but don't mind losing the general case.
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* Contra: But note that this particular usage is odd, because the
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escaped character (the newline) is invisible, and the special
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treatment is to delete the character. That said, the ``\`` of
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``\(newline)`` is still an escape which changes the meaning of the
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following character.
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+ The use of ``\`` for an escape character within strings is well
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known.
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- But note that this particular usage is odd, because the escaped
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character (the newline) is invisible, and the special treatment
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is to delete the character. That said, the ``\`` of
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``\(newline)`` is still an escape which changes the meaning of
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the following character.
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Alternate Proposals
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===================
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Several people have suggested alternative ways of marking the line
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end. Most of these were rejected for not actually simplifying things.
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Several people have suggested alternative ways of marking the line
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end. Most of these were rejected for not actually simplifying things.
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The one exception was to let any unfinished expression signify a line
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continuation, possibly in conjunction with increased indentation.
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The one exception was to let any unfished expression signify a line
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continuation, possibly in conjunction with increased indentation.
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This is attractive because it is a generalization of the rule for
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parentheses.
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This is attractive because it is a generalization of the rule for
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parentheses.
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The initial objections to this were:
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The initial objections to this were:
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- The amount of whitespace may be contentious; expression continuation
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should not be confused with opening a new suite.
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- The amount of whitespace may be contentious; expression
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continuation should not be confused with opening a new
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suite.
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- The "expression continuation" markers are not as clearly marked in
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Python as the grouping punctuation "(), [], {}" marks are::
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- The "expression continuation" markers are not as clearly marked
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in Python as the grouping punctuation "(), [], {}" marks are::
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# Plus needs another operand, so the line continues
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"abc" +
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"def"
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# Plus needs another operand, so the line continues
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"abc" +
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"def"
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# String ends an expression, so the line does not
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# not continue. The next line is a syntax error because
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# unary plus does not apply to strings.
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"abc"
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+ "def"
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# String ends an expression, so the line does not
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# not continue. The next line is a syntax error because
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# unary plus does not apply to strings.
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"abc"
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+ "def"
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- Guido objected for technical reasons. [#dedent]_ The most obvious
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implementation would require allowing INDENT or DEDENT tokens
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anywhere, or at least in a widely expanded (and ill-defined) set of
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locations. While this is of concern only for the internal parsing
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mechanism (rather than for users), it would be a major new source of
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complexity.
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- Guido objected for technical reasons. [#dedent]_ The most
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obvious implementation would require allowing INDENT or
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DEDENT tokens anywhere, or at least in a widely expanded
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(and ill-defined) set of locations. While this is concern
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only for the internal parsing mechanism (rather than for
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users), it would be a major new source of complexity.
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Andrew Koenig then pointed out [#lexical]_ a better implementation
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strategy, and said that it had worked quite well in other
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languages. [#snocone]_ The improved suggestion boiled down to:
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Andrew Koenig then pointed out [#lexical]_ a better implementation
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strategy, and said that it had worked quite well in other
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languages. [#snocone]_ The improved suggestion boiled down to::
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The whitespace that follows an (operator or) open bracket or
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parenthesis can include newline characters.
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The whitespace that follows an (operator or) open bracket or
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parenthesis can include newline characters.
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It would be implemented at a very low lexical level -- even before
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the decision is made to turn a newline followed by spaces into an
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INDENT or DEDENT token.
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It would be implemented at a very low lexical level -- even
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before the decision is made to turn a newline followed by
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spaces into an INDENT or DEDENT token.
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There is still some concern that it could mask bugs, as in this
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example [#guidobughide]_::
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There is still some concern that it could mask bugs, as in this
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example [#guidobughide]_::
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# Used to be y+1, the 1 got dropped. Syntax Error (today)
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# would become nonsense.
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x = y+
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f(x)
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# Used to be y+1, the 1 got dropped. Syntax Error (today)
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# would become nonsense.
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x = y+
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f(x)
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Requiring that the continuation be indented more than the initial line
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would add both safety and complexity.
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Requiring that the continuation be indented more than the initial
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line would add both safety and complexity.
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Open Issues
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===========
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* Should ``\``-continuation be removed even inside strings?
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+ Should ``\``-continuation be removed even inside strings?
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* Should the continuation markers be expanded from just ([{}]) to
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include lines ending with an operator?
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+ Should the continuation markers be expanced from just ([{}])
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to include lines ending with an operator?
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* As a safety measure, should the continuation line be required to be
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more indented than the initial line?
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+ As a safety measure, should the continuation line be required
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to be more indented than the initial line?
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References
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==========
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.. [#dedent] (email subject) PEP 30XZ: Simplified Parsing, van Rossum
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http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-3000/2007-April/007063.html
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.. [#lexical] (email subject) PEP-3125 -- remove backslash
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continuation, Koenig
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http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-3000/2007-May/007237.html
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.. [#snocone] The Snocone Programming Language, Koenig
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http://www.snobol4.com/report.htm
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@ -226,15 +227,14 @@ References
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Copyright
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=========
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This document has been placed in the public domain.
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This document has been placed in the public domain.
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..
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Local Variables:
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mode: indented-text
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indent-tabs-mode: nil
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sentence-end-double-space: t
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fill-column: 70
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coding: utf-8
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End:
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Local Variables:
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mode: indented-text
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indent-tabs-mode: nil
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sentence-end-double-space: t
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fill-column: 70
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coding: utf-8
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End:
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