Add PEP 482, 483, 484 -- type hints. The latter two are stubs.
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Guido van Rossum
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PEP: 482
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Title: Literature Overview for Type Hinting
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Version: $Revision$
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Last-Modified: $Date$
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Author: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
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Discussions-To: Python-Ideas <python-ideas@python.org>
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Status: Draft
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Type: Informational
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Content-Type: text/x-rst
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Created: 08-Jan-2015
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Post-History:
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Resolution:
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Abstract
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========
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This PEP is one of three related to type hinting. This PEP gives a
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literature overview of related work.
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Existing Approaches in Other Languages
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======================================
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mypy
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----
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(This section is a stub, since mypy [mypy]_ is essentially what we're
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proposing.)
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ActionScript
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------------
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ActionScript [actionscript]_ is a class-based, single inheritance,
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object-oriented superset of ECMAScript. It supports inferfaces and
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strong runtime-checked static typing. Compilation supports a “strict
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dialect” where type mismatches are reported at compile-time.
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Example code with types::
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package {
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import flash.events.Event;
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public class BounceEvent extends Event {
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public static const BOUNCE:String = "bounce";
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private var _side:String = "none";
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public function get side():String {
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return _side;
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}
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public function BounceEvent(type:String, side:String){
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super(type, true);
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_side = side;
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}
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public override function clone():Event {
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return new BounceEvent(type, _side);
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}
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}
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}
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Dart
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----
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Dart [dart]_ is a class-based, single inheritance, object-oriented
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language with C-style syntax. It supports interfaces, abstract classes,
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reified generics, and optional typing.
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Types are inferred when possible. The runtime differentiates between two
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modes of execution: *checked mode* aimed for development (catching type
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errors at runtime) and *production mode* recommended for speed execution
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(ignoring types and asserts).
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Example code with types::
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class Point {
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final num x, y;
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Point(this.x, this.y);
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num distanceTo(Point other) {
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var dx = x - other.x;
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var dy = y - other.y;
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return math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
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}
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}
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Hack
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----
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Hack [hack]_ is a programming language that interoperates seamlessly
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with PHP. It provides opt-in static type checking, type aliasing,
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generics, nullable types, and lambdas.
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Example code with types::
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<?hh
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class MyClass {
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private ?string $x = null;
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public function alpha(): int {
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return 1;
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}
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public function beta(): string {
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return 'hi test';
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}
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}
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function f(MyClass $my_inst): string {
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// Will generate a hh_client error
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return $my_inst->alpha();
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}
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TypeScript
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----------
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TypeScript [typescript]_ is a typed superset of JavaScript that adds
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interfaces, classes, mixins and modules to the language.
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Type checks are duck typed. Multiple valid function signatures are
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specified by supplying overloaded function declarations. Functions and
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classes can use generics as type parametrization. Interfaces can have
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optional fields. Interfaces can specify array and dictionary types.
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Classes can have constructors that implicitly add arguments as fields.
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Classes can have static fields. Classes can have private fields.
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Classes can have getters/setters for fields (like property). Types are
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inferred.
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Example code with types::
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interface Drivable {
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start(): void;
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drive(distance: number): boolean;
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getPosition(): number;
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}
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class Car implements Drivable {
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private _isRunning: boolean;
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private _distanceFromStart: number;
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constructor() {
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this._isRunning = false;
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this._distanceFromStart = 0;
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}
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public start() {
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this._isRunning = true;
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}
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public drive(distance: number): boolean {
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if (this._isRunning) {
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this._distanceFromStart += distance;
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return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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public getPosition(): number {
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return this._distanceFromStart;
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}
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}
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References
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==========
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.. [pep-3107]
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http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3107/
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.. [mypy]
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http://mypy-lang.org
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.. [obiwan]
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http://pypi.python.org/pypi/obiwan
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.. [numba]
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http://numba.pydata.org
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.. [pytypedecl]
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https://github.com/google/pytypedecl
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.. [argumentclinic]
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https://docs.python.org/3/howto/clinic.html
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.. [numpy]
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http://www.numpy.org
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.. [typescript]
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http://www.typescriptlang.org
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.. [hack]
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http://hacklang.org
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.. [dart]
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https://www.dartlang.org
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.. [actionscript]
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http://livedocs.adobe.com/specs/actionscript/3/
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.. [pyflakes]
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https://github.com/pyflakes/pyflakes/
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.. [pylint]
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http://www.pylint.org
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Copyright
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=========
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This document has been placed in the public domain.
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..
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Local Variables:
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mode: indented-text
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indent-tabs-mode: nil
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sentence-end-double-space: t
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fill-column: 70
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coding: utf-8
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End:
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@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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PEP: 483
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Title: The Theory of Type Hinting
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Version: $Revision$
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Last-Modified: $Date$
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Author: Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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Discussions-To: Python-Ideas <python-ideas@python.org>
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Status: Draft
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Type: Informational
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Content-Type: text/x-rst
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Created: 08-Jan-2015
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Post-History:
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Resolution:
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Abstract
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========
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This PEP is currently a stub. The content should be copied from
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https://quip.com/r69HA9GhGa7J and reformatted.
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..
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Local Variables:
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mode: indented-text
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indent-tabs-mode: nil
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sentence-end-double-space: t
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fill-column: 70
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coding: utf-8
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End:
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@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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PEP: 484
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Title: Type Hints
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Version: $Revision$
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Last-Modified: $Date$
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Author: Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>, Jukka Lehtosalo <jukka.lehtosalo@iki.fi>, Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
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Discussions-To: Python-Ideas <python-ideas@python.org>
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Status: Draft
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Type: Standards Track
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Content-Type: text/x-rst
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Created: 08-Jan-2015
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Post-History:
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Resolution:
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Abstract
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========
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This PEP is currently a stub. The content should be copied from
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https://github.com/ambv/typehinting (but omitting the literature overview, which is PEP 482) and reformatted.
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..
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Local Variables:
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mode: indented-text
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indent-tabs-mode: nil
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sentence-end-double-space: t
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fill-column: 70
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coding: utf-8
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End:
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