PEP 654: Use C traceback for some examples (#1866)
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Irit Katriel
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pep-0654.rst
426
pep-0654.rst
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@ -295,40 +295,37 @@ in the following example:
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.. code-block::
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>>> def f(v):
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... try:
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... raise ValueError(v)
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... except ValueError as e:
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... return e
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...
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>>> try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("one", [f(1)])
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... except ExceptionGroup as e:
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... eg1 = e
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...
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>>> try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("two", [f(2), eg1])
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... except ExceptionGroup as e:
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... eg2 = e
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...
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>>> import traceback
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>>> traceback.print_exception(eg2)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: two
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in f
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ValueError: 2
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: one
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in f
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ValueError: 1
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>>>
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>>> def f(v):
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... try:
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... raise ValueError(v)
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... except ValueError as e:
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... return e
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...
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>>> try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("one", [f(1)])
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... except ExceptionGroup as e:
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... eg = e
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...
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>>> raise ExceptionGroup("two", [f(2), eg])
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: two
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 3, in f
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| ValueError: 2
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+---------------- 2 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: one
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 2.1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 3, in f
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| ValueError: 1
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+------------------------------------
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>>>
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Handling Exception Groups
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -702,59 +699,61 @@ merged with the unhandled ``TypeErrors``.
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.. code-block::
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>>> try:
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... try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup(
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... "eg",
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... [
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... ValueError(1),
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... TypeError(2),
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... OSError(3),
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... ExceptionGroup(
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... "nested",
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... [OSError(4), TypeError(5), ValueError(6)])
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... ]
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... )
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... except *ValueError as e:
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... print(f'*ValueError: {e!r}')
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... raise e
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... except *OSError as e:
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... print(f'*OSError: {e!r}')
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... raise
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... except ExceptionGroup as e:
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... traceback.print_exception(e)
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...
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*ValueError: ExceptionGroup('eg', [ValueError(1), ExceptionGroup('nested', [ValueError(6)])])
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*OSError: ExceptionGroup('eg', [OSError(3), ExceptionGroup('nested', [OSError(4)])])
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 12, in <module>
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: eg
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ValueError: 1
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ExceptionGroup: nested
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ValueError: 6
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: eg
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------------------------------------------------------------
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TypeError: 2
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------------------------------------------------------------
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OSError: 3
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ExceptionGroup: nested
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------------------------------------------------------------
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OSError: 4
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------------------------------------------------------------
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TypeError: 5
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>>>
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>>> try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup(
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... "eg",
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... [
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... ValueError(1),
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... TypeError(2),
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... OSError(3),
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... ExceptionGroup(
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... "nested",
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... [OSError(4), TypeError(5), ValueError(6)])
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... ]
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... )
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... except *ValueError as e:
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... print(f'*ValueError: {e!r}')
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... raise e
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... except *OSError as e:
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... print(f'*OSError: {e!r}')
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... raise
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...
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*ValueError: ExceptionGroup('eg', [ValueError(1), ExceptionGroup('nested', [ValueError(6)])])
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*OSError: ExceptionGroup('eg', [OSError(3), ExceptionGroup('nested', [OSError(4)])])
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 15, in <module>
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: eg
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 1.1 ----------------
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| ValueError: 1
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+---------------- 1.2 ----------------
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| ExceptionGroup: nested
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1.2.1 ----------------
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| ValueError: 6
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+------------------------------------
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+---------------- 2 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: eg
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| with 3 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 2.1 ----------------
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| TypeError: 2
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+---------------- 2.2 ----------------
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| OSError: 3
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+---------------- 2.3 ----------------
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| ExceptionGroup: nested
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 2.3.1 ----------------
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| OSError: 4
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+---------------- 2.3.2 ----------------
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| TypeError: 5
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+------------------------------------
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>>>
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Chaining
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@ -767,40 +766,42 @@ it into the new ``ExceptionGroup``.
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.. code-block::
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>>> try:
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... try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("one", [ValueError('a'), TypeError('b')])
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... except *ValueError:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("two", [KeyError('x'), KeyError('y')])
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... except BaseException as e:
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... traceback.print_exception(e)
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...
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: one
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ValueError: a
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During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: two
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------------------------------------------------------------
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KeyError: 'x'
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------------------------------------------------------------
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KeyError: 'y'
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: one
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------------------------------------------------------------
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TypeError: b
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>>> try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("one", [ValueError('a'), TypeError('b')])
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... except *ValueError:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("two", [KeyError('x'), KeyError('y')])
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...
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: one
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1.context.1 ----------------
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| ValueError: a
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+------------------------------------
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| During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: two
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 1.1 ----------------
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| KeyError: 'x'
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+---------------- 1.2 ----------------
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| KeyError: 'y'
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+------------------------------------
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+---------------- 2 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: one
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 2.1 ----------------
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| TypeError: b
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+------------------------------------
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>>>
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Raising New Exceptions
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@ -812,30 +813,29 @@ chaining:
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.. code-block::
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>>> try:
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... try:
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... raise TypeError('bad type')
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... except *TypeError as e:
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... raise ValueError('bad value') from e
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... except ExceptionGroup as e:
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... traceback.print_exception(e)
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...
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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TypeError: bad type
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The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
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ValueError: bad value
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>>>
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>>> try:
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... raise TypeError('bad type')
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... except *TypeError as e:
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... raise ValueError('bad value') from e
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...
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1.cause.1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| TypeError: bad type
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+------------------------------------
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| The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
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| ValueError: bad value
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+------------------------------------
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>>>
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Note that exceptions raised in one ``except*`` clause are not eligible to match
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@ -843,31 +843,21 @@ other clauses from the same ``try`` statement:
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.. code-block::
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>>> try:
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... try:
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... raise TypeError(1)
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... except *TypeError:
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... raise ValueError(2) # <- not caught in the next clause
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... except *ValueError:
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... print('never')
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... except ExceptionGroup as e:
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... traceback.print_exception(e)
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...
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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TypeError: 1
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During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
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ValueError: 2
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>>> try:
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... raise TypeError(1)
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... except *TypeError:
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... raise ValueError(2) from None # <- not caught in the next clause
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... except *ValueError:
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... print('never')
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...
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
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| ValueError: 2
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+----------------------------------------
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>>>
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Raising a new instance of a naked exception does not cause this exception to
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@ -879,59 +869,57 @@ direct child of the new exception group created for that:
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.. code-block::
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>>> try:
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... try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("eg", [ValueError('a')])
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... except *ValueError:
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... raise KeyError('x')
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... except BaseException as e:
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... traceback.print_exception(e)
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... raise ExceptionGroup("eg", [ValueError('a')])
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... except *ValueError:
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... raise KeyError('x')
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...
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: eg
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ValueError: a
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During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
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KeyError: 'x'
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: eg
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1.context.1 ----------------
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| ValueError: a
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+------------------------------------
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| During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
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| KeyError: 'x'
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+------------------------------------
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>>>
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>>> try:
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... try:
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... raise ExceptionGroup("eg", [ValueError('a'), TypeError('b')])
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... except *ValueError:
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... raise KeyError('x')
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... except BaseException as e:
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... traceback.print_exception(e)
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... raise ExceptionGroup("eg", [ValueError('a'), TypeError('b')])
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... except *ValueError:
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... raise KeyError('x')
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...
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: eg
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------------------------------------------------------------
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ValueError: a
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During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
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KeyError: 'x'
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
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ExceptionGroup: eg
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------------------------------------------------------------
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TypeError: b
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| ExceptionGroup
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| with 2 sub-exceptions:
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+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: eg
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 1.context.1 ----------------
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| ValueError: a
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+------------------------------------
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|
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| During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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|
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
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| KeyError: 'x'
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+---------------- 2 ----------------
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| Traceback (most recent call last):
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| File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
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| ExceptionGroup: eg
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| with one sub-exception:
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+-+---------------- 2.1 ----------------
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| TypeError: b
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+------------------------------------
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>>>
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