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<h1 class="page-title">PEP 269 – Pgen Module for Python</h1>
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<dl class="rfc2822 field-list simple">
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<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd">Jonathan Riehl <jriehl at spaceship.com></dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even"><abbr title="Inactive draft that may be taken up again at a later time">Deferred</abbr></dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd"><abbr title="Normative PEP with a new feature for Python, implementation change for CPython or interoperability standard for the ecosystem">Standards Track</abbr></dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even">24-Aug-2001</dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Python-Version<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd">2.2</dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Post-History<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even"><p></p></dd>
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</dl>
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<section id="contents">
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<details><summary>Table of Contents</summary><ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specification">Specification</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsegrammarfile-filename-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarFile</span> <span class="pre">(fileName)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsegrammarstring-text-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarString</span> <span class="pre">(text)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#buildparser-grammarast-dfa"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buildParser</span> <span class="pre">(grammarAst)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">DFA</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsefile-filename-dfa-start-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseFile</span> <span class="pre">(fileName,</span> <span class="pre">dfa,</span> <span class="pre">start)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsestring-text-dfa-start-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString</span> <span class="pre">(text,</span> <span class="pre">dfa,</span> <span class="pre">start)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#symboltostringmap-dfa-dict"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symbolToStringMap</span> <span class="pre">(dfa)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">dict</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#stringtosymbolmap-dfa-dict"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stringToSymbolMap</span> <span class="pre">(dfa)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">dict</span></code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation-plan">Implementation Plan</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limitations">Limitations</a></li>
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||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reference-implementation">Reference Implementation</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
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||
</ul>
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||
</details></section>
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<section id="abstract">
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||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#abstract" role="doc-backlink">Abstract</a></h2>
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<p>Much like the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> module exposes the Python parser, this PEP
|
||
proposes that the parser generator used to create the Python
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||
parser, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code>, be exposed as a module in Python.</p>
|
||
</section>
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<section id="rationale">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#rationale" role="doc-backlink">Rationale</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Through the course of Pythonic history, there have been numerous
|
||
discussions about the creation of a Python compiler <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id6" id="id1">[1]</a>. These
|
||
have resulted in several implementations of Python parsers, most
|
||
notably the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> module currently provided in the Python
|
||
standard library <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id7" id="id2">[2]</a> and Jeremy Hylton’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compiler</span></code> module <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id8" id="id3">[3]</a>.
|
||
However, while multiple language changes have been proposed
|
||
<a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id4">[4]</a> <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id10" id="id5">[5]</a>, experimentation with the Python syntax has lacked the
|
||
benefit of a Python binding to the actual parser generator used to
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||
build Python.</p>
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||
<p>By providing a Python wrapper analogous to Fred Drake Jr.’s parser
|
||
wrapper, but targeted at the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code> library, the following
|
||
assertions are made:</p>
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<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li>Reference implementations of syntax changes will be easier to
|
||
develop. Currently, a reference implementation of a syntax
|
||
change would require the developer to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code> tool from
|
||
the command line. The resulting parser data structure would
|
||
then either have to be reworked to interface with a custom
|
||
CPython implementation, or wrapped as a C extension module.</li>
|
||
<li>Reference implementations of syntax changes will be easier to
|
||
distribute. Since the parser generator will be available in
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||
Python, it should follow that the resulting parser will
|
||
accessible from Python. Therefore, reference implementations
|
||
should be available as pure Python code, versus using custom
|
||
versions of the existing CPython distribution, or as compilable
|
||
extension modules.</li>
|
||
<li>Reference implementations of syntax changes will be easier to
|
||
discuss with a larger audience. This somewhat falls out of the
|
||
second assertion, since the community of Python users is most
|
||
likely larger than the community of CPython developers.</li>
|
||
<li>Development of small languages in Python will be further
|
||
enhanced, since the additional module will be a fully
|
||
functional LL(1) parser generator.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="specification">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#specification" role="doc-backlink">Specification</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The proposed module will be called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code>. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code> module will
|
||
contain the following functions:</p>
|
||
<section id="parsegrammarfile-filename-ast">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#parsegrammarfile-filename-ast" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarFile</span> <span class="pre">(fileName)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarFile()</span></code> function will read the file pointed to
|
||
by fileName and create an AST object. The AST nodes will
|
||
contain the nonterminal, numeric values of the parser
|
||
generator meta-grammar. The output AST will be an instance of
|
||
the AST extension class as provided by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> module.
|
||
Syntax errors in the input file will cause the SyntaxError
|
||
exception to be raised.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="parsegrammarstring-text-ast">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#parsegrammarstring-text-ast" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarString</span> <span class="pre">(text)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarString()</span></code> function will follow the semantics of
|
||
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarFile()</span></code>, but accept the grammar text as a
|
||
string for input, as opposed to the file name.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="buildparser-grammarast-dfa">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#buildparser-grammarast-dfa" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buildParser</span> <span class="pre">(grammarAst)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">DFA</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buildParser()</span></code> function will accept an AST object for input
|
||
and return a DFA (deterministic finite automaton) data
|
||
structure. The DFA data structure will be a C extension
|
||
class, much like the AST structure is provided in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code>
|
||
module. If the input AST does not conform to the nonterminal
|
||
codes defined for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code> meta-grammar, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buildParser()</span></code> will
|
||
throw a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> exception.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="parsefile-filename-dfa-start-ast">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#parsefile-filename-dfa-start-ast" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseFile</span> <span class="pre">(fileName,</span> <span class="pre">dfa,</span> <span class="pre">start)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseFile()</span></code> function will essentially be a wrapper for the
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyParser_ParseFile()</span></code> C API function. The wrapper code will
|
||
accept the DFA C extension class, and the file name. An AST
|
||
instance that conforms to the lexical values in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">token</span></code>
|
||
module and the nonterminal values contained in the DFA will be
|
||
output.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="parsestring-text-dfa-start-ast">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#parsestring-text-dfa-start-ast" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString</span> <span class="pre">(text,</span> <span class="pre">dfa,</span> <span class="pre">start)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code> function will operate in a similar fashion
|
||
to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseFile()</span></code> function, but accept the parse text as an
|
||
argument. Much like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseFile()</span></code> will wrap the
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyParser_ParseFile()</span></code> C API function, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code> will wrap
|
||
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyParser_ParseString()</span></code> function.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="symboltostringmap-dfa-dict">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#symboltostringmap-dfa-dict" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symbolToStringMap</span> <span class="pre">(dfa)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">dict</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symbolToStringMap()</span></code> function will accept a DFA instance
|
||
and return a dictionary object that maps from the DFA’s
|
||
numeric values for its nonterminals to the string names of the
|
||
nonterminals as found in the original grammar specification
|
||
for the DFA.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="stringtosymbolmap-dfa-dict">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#stringtosymbolmap-dfa-dict" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stringToSymbolMap</span> <span class="pre">(dfa)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">dict</span></code></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stringToSymbolMap()</span></code> function output a dictionary mapping
|
||
the nonterminal names of the input DFA to their corresponding
|
||
numeric values.</p>
|
||
<p>Extra credit will be awarded if the map generation functions and
|
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parsing functions are also methods of the DFA extension class.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
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<section id="implementation-plan">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#implementation-plan" role="doc-backlink">Implementation Plan</a></h2>
|
||
<p>A cunning plan has been devised to accomplish this enhancement:</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li>Rename the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code> functions to conform to the CPython naming
|
||
standards. This action may involve adding some header files to
|
||
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Include</span></code> subdirectory.</li>
|
||
<li>Move the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code> C modules in the Makefile.pre.in from unique <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pgen</span></code>
|
||
elements to the Python C library.</li>
|
||
<li>Make any needed changes to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> module so the AST
|
||
extension class understands that there are AST types it may not
|
||
understand. Cursory examination of the AST extension class
|
||
shows that it keeps track of whether the tree is a suite or an
|
||
expression.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple" start="3">
|
||
<li>Code an additional C module in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Modules</span></code> directory. The C
|
||
extension module will implement the DFA extension class and the
|
||
functions outlined in the previous section.</li>
|
||
<li>Add the new module to the build process. Black magic, indeed.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
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||
<section id="limitations">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#limitations" role="doc-backlink">Limitations</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Under this proposal, would be designers of Python 3000 will still
|
||
be constrained to Python’s lexical conventions. The addition,
|
||
subtraction or modification of the Python lexer is outside the
|
||
scope of this PEP.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="reference-implementation">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#reference-implementation" role="doc-backlink">Reference Implementation</a></h2>
|
||
<p>No reference implementation is currently provided. A patch
|
||
was provided at some point in
|
||
<a class="reference external" href="http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=599331&group_id=5470&atid=305470">http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=599331&group_id=5470&atid=305470</a>
|
||
but that patch is no longer maintained.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="references">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#references" role="doc-backlink">References</a></h2>
|
||
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id6" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id6">[<a href="#id1">1</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>The (defunct) Python Compiler-SIG
|
||
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/sigs/compiler-sig/">http://www.python.org/sigs/compiler-sig/</a></aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id7" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id7">[<a href="#id2">2</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>Parser Module Documentation
|
||
<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/parser.html">http://docs.python.org/library/parser.html</a></aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id8" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id8">[<a href="#id3">3</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>Hylton, Jeremy.
|
||
<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/compiler.html">http://docs.python.org/library/compiler.html</a></aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id9" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id9">[<a href="#id4">4</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>Pelletier, Michel. “Python Interface Syntax”, <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0245/" title="PEP 245 – Python Interface Syntax">PEP 245</a></aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id10" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id10">[<a href="#id5">5</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>The Python Types-SIG
|
||
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/sigs/types-sig/">http://www.python.org/sigs/types-sig/</a></aside>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="copyright">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#copyright" role="doc-backlink">Copyright</a></h2>
|
||
<p>This document has been placed in the public domain.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<p>Source: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0269.rst">https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0269.rst</a></p>
|
||
<p>Last modified: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-0269.rst">2023-09-09 17:39:29 GMT</a></p>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<nav id="pep-sidebar">
|
||
<h2>Contents</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specification">Specification</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsegrammarfile-filename-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarFile</span> <span class="pre">(fileName)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsegrammarstring-text-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseGrammarString</span> <span class="pre">(text)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#buildparser-grammarast-dfa"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buildParser</span> <span class="pre">(grammarAst)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">DFA</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsefile-filename-dfa-start-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseFile</span> <span class="pre">(fileName,</span> <span class="pre">dfa,</span> <span class="pre">start)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsestring-text-dfa-start-ast"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString</span> <span class="pre">(text,</span> <span class="pre">dfa,</span> <span class="pre">start)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">AST</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#symboltostringmap-dfa-dict"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symbolToStringMap</span> <span class="pre">(dfa)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">dict</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#stringtosymbolmap-dfa-dict"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stringToSymbolMap</span> <span class="pre">(dfa)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">dict</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation-plan">Implementation Plan</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limitations">Limitations</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reference-implementation">Reference Implementation</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
<a id="source" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0269.rst">Page Source (GitHub)</a>
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