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<h1 class="page-title">PEP 379 – Adding an Assignment Expression</h1>
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<dl class="rfc2822 field-list simple">
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<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd">Jervis Whitley <jervisau at gmail.com></dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even"><abbr title="Removed from consideration by sponsor or authors">Withdrawn</abbr></dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd"><abbr title="Normative PEP with a new feature for Python, implementation change for CPython or interoperability standard for the ecosystem">Standards Track</abbr></dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even">14-Mar-2009</dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Python-Version<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd">2.7, 3.2</dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Post-History<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even"><p></p></dd>
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<section id="contents">
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<details><summary>Table of Contents</summary><ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#motivation-and-summary">Motivation and Summary</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#use-cases">Use Cases</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specification">Specification</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-from-the-standard-library">Examples from the Standard Library</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
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</ul>
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</details></section>
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<section id="abstract">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#abstract" role="doc-backlink">Abstract</a></h2>
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<p>This PEP adds a new assignment expression to the Python language
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to make it possible to assign the result of an expression in
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almost any place. The new expression will allow the assignment of
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the result of an expression at first use (in a comparison for
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example).</p>
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</section>
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<section id="motivation-and-summary">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#motivation-and-summary" role="doc-backlink">Motivation and Summary</a></h2>
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<p>Issue1714448 “if something as x:” <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id2" id="id1">[1]</a> describes a feature to allow
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assignment of the result of an expression in an if statement to a
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name. It supposed that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as</span></code> syntax could be borrowed for this
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purpose. Many times it is not the expression itself that is
|
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interesting, rather one of the terms that make up the
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expression. To be clear, something like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f_result</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>seems awfully limited, when this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f_result</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>is probably the desired result.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="use-cases">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#use-cases" role="doc-backlink">Use Cases</a></h2>
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<p>See the Examples section near the end.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="specification">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#specification" role="doc-backlink">Specification</a></h2>
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<p>A new expression is proposed with the (nominal) syntax:</p>
|
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">EXPR</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">VAR</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>This single expression does the following:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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||
<li>Evaluate the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EXPR</span></code>, an arbitrary expression;</li>
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<li>Assign the result to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VAR</span></code>, a single assignment target; and</li>
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||
<li>Leave the result of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EXPR</span></code> on the Top of Stack (TOS)</li>
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||
</ul>
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||
<p>Here <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-></span></code> or (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RARROW</span></code>) has been used to illustrate the concept that
|
||
the result of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EXPR</span></code> is assigned to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VAR</span></code>.</p>
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||
<p>The translation of the proposed syntax is:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">VAR</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EXPR</span><span class="p">)</span>
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||
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EXPR</span><span class="p">)</span>
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||
</pre></div>
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||
</div>
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<p>The assignment target can be either an attribute, a subscript or
|
||
name:</p>
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||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># where 'name' exists previously.</span>
|
||
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||
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attr</span> <span class="c1"># again 'name' exists prior to this expression.</span>
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||
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||
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">name</span>
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||
</pre></div>
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||
</div>
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||
<p>This expression should be available anywhere that an expression is
|
||
currently accepted.</p>
|
||
<p>All exceptions that are currently raised during invalid
|
||
assignments will continue to be raised when using the assignment
|
||
expression. For example, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NameError</span></code> will be raised when in
|
||
example 1 and 2 above if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> is not previously defined, or an
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code> if index 0 was out of range.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="examples-from-the-standard-library">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#examples-from-the-standard-library" role="doc-backlink">Examples from the Standard Library</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The following two examples were chosen after a brief search
|
||
through the standard library, specifically both are from ast.py
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which happened to be open at the time of the search.</p>
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||
<p>Original:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">walk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">):</span>
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||
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">collections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">deque</span>
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<span class="n">todo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">todo</span><span class="p">:</span>
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||
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">todo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">popleft</span><span class="p">()</span>
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||
<span class="n">todo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iter_child_nodes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">node</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Using assignment expression:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">walk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">collections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">deque</span>
|
||
<span class="n">todo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">todo</span><span class="p">:</span>
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||
<span class="n">todo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iter_child_nodes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">todo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">popleft</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">node</span>
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||
</pre></div>
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</div>
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||
<p>Original:</p>
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||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_docstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clean</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FunctionDef</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ClassDef</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">)):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">%r</span><span class="s2"> can't have docstrings"</span>
|
||
<span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> \
|
||
<span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Str</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">inspect</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">inspect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cleandoc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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<p>Using assignment expression:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_docstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clean</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FunctionDef</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ClassDef</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">)):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">%r</span><span class="s2"> can't have docstrings"</span>
|
||
<span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">body</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">elem</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> \
|
||
<span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">elem</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Str</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">inspect</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">inspect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cleandoc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="examples">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#examples" role="doc-backlink">Examples</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The examples shown below highlight some of the desirable features
|
||
of the assignment expression, and some of the possible corner
|
||
cases.</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||
<li>Assignment in an if statement for use later:<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">expensive</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">'spam'</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">expensive</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'spam'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'eggs'</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="n">dosomething</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Assignment in a while loop clause:<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">while</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expensive</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">dosomething</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Keep the iterator object from the for loop:<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ch</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">expensive</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">sell_on_internet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Corner case:<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">please_dont</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">expensive</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<span class="k">pass</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># who would want to do this? Not I.</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="references">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#references" role="doc-backlink">References</a></h2>
|
||
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id2" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id2">[<a href="#id1">1</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>Issue1714448 “if something as x:”, k0wax
|
||
<a class="reference external" href="http://bugs.python.org/issue1714448">http://bugs.python.org/issue1714448</a></aside>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="copyright">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#copyright" role="doc-backlink">Copyright</a></h2>
|
||
<p>This document has been placed in the public domain.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<p>Source: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0379.rst">https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0379.rst</a></p>
|
||
<p>Last modified: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-0379.rst">2023-09-09 17:39:29 GMT</a></p>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<nav id="pep-sidebar">
|
||
<h2>Contents</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#motivation-and-summary">Motivation and Summary</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#use-cases">Use Cases</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specification">Specification</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-from-the-standard-library">Examples from the Standard Library</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
<a id="source" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0379.rst">Page Source (GitHub)</a>
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