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<h1 class="page-title">PEP 415 Implement context suppression with exception attributes</h1>
<dl class="rfc2822 field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd">Benjamin Peterson &lt;benjamin&#32;&#97;t&#32;python.org&gt;</dd>
<dt class="field-even">BDFL-Delegate<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even">Alyssa Coghlan</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><abbr title="Accepted and implementation complete, or no longer active">Final</abbr></dd>
<dt class="field-even">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><abbr title="Normative PEP with a new feature for Python, implementation change for CPython or interoperability standard for the ecosystem">Standards Track</abbr></dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd">26-Feb-2012</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Python-Version<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even">3.3</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Post-History<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd">26-Feb-2012</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Replaces<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><a class="reference external" href="../pep-0409/">409</a></dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Resolution<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-May/119467.html">Python-Dev message</a></dd>
</dl>
<hr class="docutils" />
<section id="contents">
<details><summary>Table of Contents</summary><ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pep-acceptance">PEP Acceptance</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#proposal">Proposal</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#patches">Patches</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
</ul>
</details></section>
<section id="abstract">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#abstract" role="doc-backlink">Abstract</a></h2>
<p><a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0409/" title="PEP 409 Suppressing exception context">PEP 409</a> introduced support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span> <span class="pre">exc</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">None</span></code> construct to
allow the display of the exception context to be explicitly suppressed.
This PEP retains the language level changes already implemented in <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0409/" title="PEP 409 Suppressing exception context">PEP 409</a>,
but replaces the underlying implementation mechanism with a simpler approach
based on a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code> attribute on all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code>
instances.</p>
</section>
<section id="pep-acceptance">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#pep-acceptance" role="doc-backlink">PEP Acceptance</a></h2>
<p>This PEP was accepted by Alyssa Coghlan on the 14th of May, 2012.</p>
</section>
<section id="rationale">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#rationale" role="doc-backlink">Rationale</a></h2>
<p><a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0409/" title="PEP 409 Suppressing exception context">PEP 409</a> changes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> to be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ellipsis</span></code> by default. Then if
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span> <span class="pre">exc</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">None</span></code>, no context or cause
will be printed should the exception be uncaught.</p>
<p>The main problem with this scheme is it complicates the role of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> should indicate the cause of the exception not
whether <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code> should be printed or not. This use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> is
also not easily extended in the future. For example, we may someday want to
allow the programmer to select which of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> will
be printed. The <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0409/" title="PEP 409 Suppressing exception context">PEP 409</a> implementation is not amenable to this.</p>
<p>The use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ellipsis</span></code> is a hack. Before <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0409/" title="PEP 409 Suppressing exception context">PEP 409</a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ellipsis</span></code> was used
exclusively in extended slicing. Extended slicing has nothing to do with
exceptions, so its not clear to someone inspecting an exception object why
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> should be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ellipsis</span></code>. Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ellipsis</span></code> by default for
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> makes it asymmetrical with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="proposal">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#proposal" role="doc-backlink">Proposal</a></h2>
<p>A new attribute on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code>, will
be introduced. Whenever <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> is set, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code>
will be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. In particular, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span> <span class="pre">exc</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">cause</span></code>
syntax will set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exc.__suppress_context__</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. Exception
printing code will check for that attribute to determine whether
context and cause will be printed. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> will return to its
original purpose and values.</p>
<p>There is precedence for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code> with the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print_line_and_file</span></code> exception attribute.</p>
<p>To summarize, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span> <span class="pre">exc</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">cause</span></code> will be equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">exc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__cause__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cause</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">exc</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exc.__cause__</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">cause</span></code> implicitly sets
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exc.__suppress_context__</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="patches">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#patches" role="doc-backlink">Patches</a></h2>
<p>There is a patch on <a class="reference external" href="http://bugs.python.org/issue14133">Issue 14133</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="copyright">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#copyright" role="doc-backlink">Copyright</a></h2>
<p>This document has been placed in the public domain.</p>
</section>
</section>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Source: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0415.rst">https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0415.rst</a></p>
<p>Last modified: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-0415.rst">2023-10-11 12:05:51 GMT</a></p>
</article>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pep-acceptance">PEP Acceptance</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#proposal">Proposal</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#patches">Patches</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<a id="source" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0415.rst">Page Source (GitHub)</a>
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