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<h1 class="page-title">PEP 632 – Deprecate distutils module</h1>
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<dl class="rfc2822 field-list simple">
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<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd">Steve Dower <steve.dower at python.org></dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Discussions-To<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even"><a class="reference external" href="https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-632-deprecate-distutils-module/5134">Discourse thread</a></dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd"><abbr title="Accepted and implementation complete, or no longer active">Final</abbr></dd>
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||
<dt class="field-even">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even"><abbr title="Normative PEP with a new feature for Python, implementation change for CPython or interoperability standard for the ecosystem">Standards Track</abbr></dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-odd">03-Sep-2020</dd>
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<dt class="field-even">Python-Version<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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<dd class="field-even">3.10</dd>
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<dt class="field-odd">Post-History<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
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||
<dd class="field-odd">03-Sep-2020, 22-Jan-2021</dd>
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||
<dt class="field-even">Resolution<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-dev@python.org/thread/TXU6TVOMBLQU3SV57DMMOA5Y2E67AW7P/">Python-Dev thread</a></dd>
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</dl>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<section id="contents">
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<details><summary>Table of Contents</summary><ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specification">Specification</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#backwards-compatibility">Backwards Compatibility</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reference-implementation">Reference Implementation</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#migration-advice">Migration Advice</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rejected-ideas">Rejected Ideas</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deprecate-but-do-not-delete">Deprecate but do not delete</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#only-deprecate-the-setuptools-like-functionality">Only deprecate the setuptools-like functionality</a></li>
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||
</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
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||
</details></section>
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<section id="abstract">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#abstract" role="doc-backlink">Abstract</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The distutils module <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id10" id="id1">[1]</a> has for a long time recommended using the
|
||
setuptools package <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id11" id="id2">[2]</a> instead. Setuptools has recently integrated a
|
||
complete copy of distutils and is no longer dependent on the standard
|
||
library <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id12" id="id3">[3]</a>. Pip has been silently replacing distutils with
|
||
setuptools when installing packages for a long time already, and the
|
||
distutils documentation has stated that it is being phased out since
|
||
2014 (or earlier). It is time to remove it from the standard library.</p>
|
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</section>
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<section id="motivation">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#motivation" role="doc-backlink">Motivation</a></h2>
|
||
<p>distutils <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id10" id="id4">[1]</a> is a largely undocumented and unmaintained collection
|
||
of utilities for packaging and distributing Python packages, including
|
||
compilation of native extension modules. It defines a configuration
|
||
format that describes a Python distribution and provides the tools to
|
||
convert a directory of source code into a source distribution, and
|
||
some forms of binary distribution. Because of its place in the
|
||
standard library, many updates can only be released with a major
|
||
release, and users cannot rely on particular fixes being available.</p>
|
||
<p>setuptools <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id11" id="id5">[2]</a> is a better documented and well maintained enhancement
|
||
based on distutils. While it provides very similar functionality, it
|
||
is much better able to support users on earlier Python releases, and
|
||
can respond to bug reports more quickly. A number of platform-specific
|
||
enhancements already exist in setuptools that have not been added to
|
||
distutils, and there is been a long-standing recommendation in the
|
||
distutils documentation to prefer setuptools.</p>
|
||
<p>Historically, setuptools has extended distutils using subclassing and
|
||
monkeypatching, but has now taken a copy of the underlying code. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id12" id="id6">[3]</a>
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||
As a result, the second last major dependency on distutils is gone and
|
||
there is no need to keep it in the standard library.</p>
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||
<p>The final dependency on distutils is CPython itself, which uses it to
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||
build native extension modules in the standard library (except on
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||
Windows). Because this is a CPython build-time dependency, it is
|
||
possible to continue to use distutils for this specific case without
|
||
it being part of the standard library.</p>
|
||
<p>Deprecation and removal will make it obvious that issues should be
|
||
fixed in the setuptools project, and will reduce a source of bug
|
||
reports and unnecessary test maintenance. It will also help promote
|
||
the development of alternative build backends, which can now be
|
||
supported more easily thanks to <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0517/" title="PEP 517 – A build-system independent format for source trees">PEP 517</a>.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="specification">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#specification" role="doc-backlink">Specification</a></h2>
|
||
<p>In Python 3.10 and 3.11, distutils will be formally marked as
|
||
deprecated. All known issues will be closed at this time.
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">distutils</span></code> will raise a deprecation warning. New issues that
|
||
would be considered release blocking may still be fixed, but support
|
||
for new tools or platforms will not be added.</p>
|
||
<p>During Python 3.10 and 3.11, uses of distutils within the standard
|
||
library may change to use alternative APIs.</p>
|
||
<p>In Python 3.12, distutils will no longer be installed by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span>
|
||
<span class="pre">install</span></code> or any of the first-party distribution. Third-party
|
||
redistributors should no longer include distutils in their bundles or
|
||
repositories.</p>
|
||
<p>This PEP makes no specification on migrating the parts of the CPython
|
||
build process that currently use distutils. Depending on
|
||
contributions, this migration may occur at any time.</p>
|
||
<p>After Python 3.12 is started and when the CPython build process no
|
||
longer depends on distutils being in the standard library, the entire
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lib/distutils</span></code> directory and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lib/test/test_distutils.py</span></code> file
|
||
will be removed from the repository.</p>
|
||
<p>Other references to distutils will be cleaned up. As of Python 3.9’s
|
||
initial release, the following modules have references in code or
|
||
comments:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li>Lib/ctypes/util.py</li>
|
||
<li>Lib/site.py</li>
|
||
<li>Lib/sysconfig.py</li>
|
||
<li>Lib/_aix_support.py</li>
|
||
<li>Lib/_bootsubprocess.py</li>
|
||
<li>Lib/_osx_support.py</li>
|
||
<li>Modules/_decimal/tests/formathelper.py</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The following Tools in CPython also refer to distutils. Note that none
|
||
of these are installed with CPython:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li>PC/layout (references will be removed)</li>
|
||
<li>Tools/msi (references will be removed)</li>
|
||
<li>Tools/peg_generator (will be adapted to a different build tool)</li>
|
||
<li>Tools/test2to3 (example project will be removed)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>As the distutils code is already included in setuptools, there is no
|
||
need to republish it in any other form. Those who require access to
|
||
the functionality should use setuptools or an alternative build
|
||
backend.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="backwards-compatibility">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#backwards-compatibility" role="doc-backlink">Backwards Compatibility</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Code that imports distutils will no longer work from Python 3.12.</p>
|
||
<p>The suggested migration path is to use the equivalent (though not
|
||
identical) imports from setuptools (see <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id13" id="id7">[5]</a>), or to migrate to an
|
||
alternative build backend (see <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0517/" title="PEP 517 – A build-system independent format for source trees">PEP 517</a>).</p>
|
||
<p>Code already exists in setuptools to transparently switch <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>
|
||
files using distutils onto their equivalents, and so most working
|
||
build scripts are already known to work with setuptools. Such scripts
|
||
may need to update their import statements. Consult the setuptools
|
||
documentation for specific migration advice. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id13" id="id8">[5]</a></p>
|
||
<p>Some projects use alternate sets of patches over distutils, notably,
|
||
numpy.distutils. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id14" id="id9">[6]</a> Projects that we know are doing this have been
|
||
informed.</p>
|
||
<p>Many build scripts use custom commands or narrowly scoped patches. As
|
||
these packages are already subject to setuptools overriding distutils,
|
||
we expect minimal disruption as a result of distutils being removed.
|
||
Scripts may still need to be updated to avoid importing distutils.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="reference-implementation">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#reference-implementation" role="doc-backlink">Reference Implementation</a></h2>
|
||
<p>setuptools version 48 includes the complete copy of distutils, and as
|
||
such is no longer dependent on the standard library’s copy. Most
|
||
implementation issues they have faced are due to the continuing
|
||
existence of distutils in the standard library, and so removal will
|
||
improve the stability of their implementation.</p>
|
||
<p>There is not yet a reference implementation for the removal of
|
||
distutils from the standard library, nor is there an implementation
|
||
for CPython’s native module builds without relying on the standard
|
||
library copy of distutils.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="migration-advice">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#migration-advice" role="doc-backlink">Migration Advice</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>This section suggests some alternative replacements for popular
|
||
functionality that is being formally deprecated with this PEP. It
|
||
is current at time of writing, but is not kept up to date.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>For these modules or types, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools</span></code> is the best substitute:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.ccompiler</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.cmd.Command</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.command</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.config</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.core.Distribution</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.errors</span></code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>For these modules or types, use the standards-defined Python Packaging
|
||
Authority packages specified:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.version</span></code> — use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">packaging</span></code> package</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>For these modules or functions, use the standard library module shown:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.fancy_getopt</span></code> — use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argparse</span></code> module</li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.spawn.find_executable</span></code> — use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutil.which</span></code> function</li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.spawn.spawn</span></code> — use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess.run</span></code> function</li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.sysconfig</span></code> — use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> module</li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.util.get_platform</span></code> — use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">platform</span></code> module</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>For these functions, and any others not mentioned here, you will need
|
||
to reimplement the functionality yourself. The legacy documentation
|
||
can be found at <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3.9/distutils/apiref.html">https://docs.python.org/3.9/distutils/apiref.html</a></p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.dir_util.create_tree</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.util.change_root</span></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.util.strtobool</span></code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
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</section>
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||
<section id="rejected-ideas">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#rejected-ideas" role="doc-backlink">Rejected Ideas</a></h2>
|
||
<section id="deprecate-but-do-not-delete">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#deprecate-but-do-not-delete" role="doc-backlink">Deprecate but do not delete</a></h3>
|
||
<p>The primary concern with this approach is that distutils most
|
||
frequently breaks because of platform differences, which means that
|
||
without maintenance, it will stop working out-of-sync with any
|
||
Python release. This makes it impossible for libraries to reliably
|
||
detect when they will stop working.</p>
|
||
<p>In contrast, this PEP proposes a concrete date, known well in advance,
|
||
when distutils will stop working, and commits to not breaking the API
|
||
before that time. This gives maintainers a predictable schedule,
|
||
ensures any breakage occurs at a point where users will already be
|
||
expecting changed behavior, and provides a reliable detection
|
||
mechanism (specifically, that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">distutils</span></code> raises).</p>
|
||
<p>Finally, as long as distutils remains in the standard library in any
|
||
form, it will interfere with third-party packages that provide shims
|
||
or replacements, including setuptools. Completely removing the
|
||
package at a known version makes it possible for third-parties to
|
||
safely use a substitute.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="only-deprecate-the-setuptools-like-functionality">
|
||
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#only-deprecate-the-setuptools-like-functionality" role="doc-backlink">Only deprecate the setuptools-like functionality</a></h3>
|
||
<p>This suggestion assumes that there exists a volunteer to maintain
|
||
whatever is left, which is not true. It also implies that anybody
|
||
knows which functionality should remain, which as seen in the
|
||
discussions is not at all clear.</p>
|
||
<p>Most helper functions in distutils already have supported (and
|
||
improved) alternatives, often in the standard library, and there is
|
||
little that can be done to the legacy versions without breaking
|
||
compatibility. (And any break requiring maintainers to update their
|
||
code is essentially equivalent to requiring them to import a different
|
||
function.)</p>
|
||
<p>The last point from the previous section also applies here.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="references">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#references" role="doc-backlink">References</a></h2>
|
||
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id10" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id10">[1]<em> (<a href='#id1'>1</a>, <a href='#id4'>2</a>) </em></dt>
|
||
<dd>distutils - Building and installing Python modules
|
||
(<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/distutils.html">https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/distutils.html</a>)</aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id11" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id11">[2]<em> (<a href='#id2'>1</a>, <a href='#id5'>2</a>) </em></dt>
|
||
<dd>setuptools - PyPI
|
||
(<a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/">https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/</a>)</aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id12" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id12">[3]<em> (<a href='#id3'>1</a>, <a href='#id6'>2</a>) </em></dt>
|
||
<dd>setuptools Issue #417 - Adopt distutils
|
||
(<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/417">https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/417</a>)</aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id13" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id13">[5]<em> (<a href='#id7'>1</a>, <a href='#id8'>2</a>) </em></dt>
|
||
<dd>Porting from Distutils
|
||
(<a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deprecated/distutils-legacy.html">https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deprecated/distutils-legacy.html</a>)</aside>
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id14" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id14">[<a href="#id9">6</a>]</dt>
|
||
<dd>Packaging (numpy.distutils)
|
||
(<a class="reference external" href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/distutils.html">https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/distutils.html</a>)</aside>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="copyright">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#copyright" role="doc-backlink">Copyright</a></h2>
|
||
<p>This document is placed in the public domain or under the
|
||
CC0-1.0-Universal license, whichever is more permissive.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<p>Source: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0632.rst">https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0632.rst</a></p>
|
||
<p>Last modified: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-0632.rst">2023-10-10 11:05:14 GMT</a></p>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<nav id="pep-sidebar">
|
||
<h2>Contents</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specification">Specification</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#backwards-compatibility">Backwards Compatibility</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reference-implementation">Reference Implementation</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#migration-advice">Migration Advice</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rejected-ideas">Rejected Ideas</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deprecate-but-do-not-delete">Deprecate but do not delete</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#only-deprecate-the-setuptools-like-functionality">Only deprecate the setuptools-like functionality</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
<a id="source" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0632.rst">Page Source (GitHub)</a>
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