133 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
133 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
# Core Architecture
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis core is designed simply as set of Plain Old Java
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Objects (POJOs) - we hope you like its clean-cut design.
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Each Apache ActiveMQ Artemis server has its own ultra high performance
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persistent journal, which it uses for message and other persistence.
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Using a high performance journal allows outrageous persistence message
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performance, something not achievable when using a relational database for
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persistence (although JDBC is still an option if necessary).
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients, potentially on different physical machines,
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interact with the Apache ActiveMQ Artemis broker. Apache ActiveMQ Artemis
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currently ships three API implementations for messaging at the client side:
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1. Core client API. This is a simple intuitive Java API that is aligned with
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the Artemis internal Core. Allowing more control of broker objects (e.g
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direct creation of addresses and queues). The Core API also offers a full
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set of messaging functionality without some of the complexities of JMS.
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2. JMS 2.0 client API. The standard JMS API is available at the client side.
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This client is also compliant with the Jakarta Messaging 2.0 specification.
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3. Jakarta Messaging 3.0 client API. This is essentially the same as the JMS
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2.0 API. The only difference is the package names use `jakarta` insead of
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`javax`. This difference was introduced due to the move from Oracle's
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Java EE to Eclipse's Jakarta EE.
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis also provides different protocol implementations on the
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server so you can use respective clients for these protocols:
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- AMQP
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- OpenWire
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- MQTT
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- STOMP
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- HornetQ (for use with HornetQ clients).
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- Core (Artemis CORE protocol)
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JMS semantics are implemented by a JMS facade layer on the client side.
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The Apache ActiveMQ Artemis broker does not speak JMS and in fact does not know
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anything about JMS, it is a protocol agnostic messaging server designed to be
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used with multiple different protocols.
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When a user uses the JMS API on the client side, all JMS interactions are
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translated into operations on the Apache ActiveMQ Artemis core client API
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before being transferred over the wire using the core protocol.
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The broker always just deals with core API interactions.
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A schematic illustrating this relationship is shown in figure 3.1 below:
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Figure 3.1 shows two user applications interacting with an Apache ActiveMQ
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Artemis server. User Application 1 is using the JMS API, while User Application
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2 is using the core client API directly.
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You can see from the diagram that the JMS API is implemented by a thin facade
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layer on the client side.
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## Stand-alone Broker
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The normal stand-alone messaging broker configuration comprises a core
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messaging broker and a number of protocol managers that provide support for the
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various protocol mentioned earlier.
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The stand-alone broker configuration uses
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[Airline](https://github.com/airlift/airline) for bootstrapping the Broker.
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The stand-alone broker architecture is shown in figure 3.3 below:
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For more information on server configuration files see [Server
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Configuration](configuration-index.md)
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## Embedded Broker
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis core is designed as a set of simple POJOs so if you
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have an application that requires messaging functionality internally but you
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don't want to expose that as an Apache ActiveMQ Artemis broker you can directly
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instantiate and embed brokers in your own application.
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Read more about [embedding Apache ActiveMQ Artemis](embedding-activemq.md).
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## Integrated with a Java/Jakarta EE application server
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis provides its own fully functional Java Connector
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Architecture (JCA) adaptor which enables it to be integrated easily into any
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Java/Jakarta EE (henceforth just "EE") compliant application server or servlet
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engine.
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EE application servers provide Message Driven Beans (MDBs), which are a special
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type of Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) that can process messages from sources
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such as JMS systems or mail systems.
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Probably the most common use of an MDB is to consume messages from a JMS
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messaging system.
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According to the EE specification an application server uses a JCA adapter to
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integrate with a JMS messaging system so it can consume messages for MDBs.
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However, the JCA adapter is not only used by the EE application server for
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*consuming* messages via MDBs, it is also used when sending message to the JMS
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messaging system e.g. from inside an EJB or servlet.
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When integrating with a JMS messaging system from inside an EE application
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server it is always recommended that this is done via a JCA adaptor. In fact,
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communicating with a JMS messaging system directly, without using JCA would be
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illegal according to the EE specification.
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The application server's JCA service provides extra functionality such as
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connection pooling and automatic transaction enlistment, which are desirable
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when using messaging, say, from inside an EJB. It is possible to talk to a JMS
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messaging system directly from an EJB, MDB or servlet without going through a
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JCA adapter, but this is not recommended since you will not be able to take
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advantage of the JCA features, such as caching of JMS sessions, which can
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result in poor performance.
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Figure 3.2 below shows an application server integrating with a Apache ActiveMQ
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Artemis server via the Apache ActiveMQ Artemis JCA adaptor. Note that all
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communication between EJB sessions or entity beans and Message Driven beans go
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through the adaptor and not directly to Apache ActiveMQ Artemis.
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The large arrow with the prohibited sign shows an EJB session bean talking
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directly to the Apache ActiveMQ Artemis server. This is not recommended as
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you'll most likely end up creating a new connection and session every time you
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want to interact from the EJB, which is an anti-pattern.
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