189 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
189 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
# Detecting Dead Connections
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In this section we will discuss connection time-to-live (TTL) and
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explain how Apache ActiveMQ Artemis deals with crashed clients and clients which have
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exited without cleanly closing their resources.
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## Cleaning up Resources on the Server
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Before an Apache ActiveMQ Artemis client application exits it is considered good
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practice that it should close its resources in a controlled manner,
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using a `finally` block.
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Here's an example of a well behaved core client application closing its
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session and session factory in a finally block:
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```java
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ServerLocator locator = null;
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ClientSessionFactory sf = null;
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ClientSession session = null;
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try {
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locator = ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(..);
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sf = locator.createClientSessionFactory();
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session = sf.createSession(...);
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... do some stuff with the session...
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} finally {
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if (session != null) {
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session.close();
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}
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if (sf != null) {
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sf.close();
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}
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if(locator != null) {
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locator.close();
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}
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}
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```
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And here's an example of a well behaved JMS client application:
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```java
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Connection jmsConnection = null;
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try {
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ConnectionFactory jmsConnectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");
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jmsConnection = jmsConnectionFactory.createConnection();
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... do some stuff with the connection...
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} finally {
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if (connection != null) {
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connection.close();
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}
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}
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```
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Or with using auto-closeable feature from Java, which can save a few lines of code:
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```java
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try (
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ActiveMQConnectionFactory jmsConnectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");
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Connection jmsConnection = jmsConnectionFactory.createConnection()) {
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... do some stuff with the connection...
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}
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```
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Unfortunately users don't always write well behaved applications, and
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sometimes clients just crash so they don't have a chance to clean up
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their resources!
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If this occurs then it can leave server side resources, like sessions,
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hanging on the server. If these were not removed they would cause a
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resource leak on the server and over time this result in the server
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running out of memory or other resources.
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We have to balance the requirement for cleaning up dead client resources
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with the fact that sometimes the network between the client and the
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server can fail and then come back, allowing the client to reconnect.
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis supports client reconnection, so we don't want to clean up
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"dead" server side resources too soon or this will prevent any client
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from reconnecting, as it won't be able to find its old sessions on the
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server.
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis makes all of this configurable via a *connection TTL*.
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Basically, the TTL determines how long the server will keep a connection
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alive in the absence of any data arriving from the client. The client will
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automatically send "ping" packets periodically to prevent the server from
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closing it down. If the server doesn't receive any packets on a connection
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for the connection TTL time, then it will automatically close all the
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sessions on the server that relate to that connection.
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The connection TTL is configured on the URI using the `connectionTTL`
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parameter.
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The default value for connection ttl on an "unreliable" connection (e.g.
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a Netty connection using the `tcp` URL scheme) is `60000`ms, i.e. 1 minute.
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The default value for connection ttl on a "reliable" connection (e.g. an
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in-vm connection using the `vm` URL scheme) is `-1`. A value of `-1` for
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`connectionTTL` means the server will never time out the connection on
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the server side.
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If you do not wish clients to be able to specify their own connection
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TTL, you can override all values used by a global value set on the
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server side. This can be done by specifying the
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`connection-ttl-override` attribute in the server side configuration.
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The default value for `connection-ttl-override` is `-1` which means "do
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not override" (i.e. let clients use their own values).
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The logic to check connections for TTL violations runs periodically on
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the broker. By default, the checks are done every 2,000 milliseconds.
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However, this can be changed if necessary by using the
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`connection-ttl-check-interval` attribute.
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## Closing Forgotten Resources
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As previously discussed, it's important that all core client sessions
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and JMS connections are always closed explicitly in a `finally` block
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when you are finished using them.
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If you fail to do so, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis will detect this at garbage collection
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time, and log a warning (If you are using JMS the warning will involve a JMS connection).
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Apache ActiveMQ Artemis will then close the connection / client session for you.
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Note that the log will also tell you the exact line of your user code
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where you created the JMS connection / client session that you later did
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not close. This will enable you to pinpoint the error in your code and
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correct it appropriately.
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## Detecting Failure from the Client
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In the previous section we discussed how the client sends pings to the
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server and how "dead" connection resources are cleaned up by the server.
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There's also another reason for pinging, and that's for the *client* to
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be able to detect that the server or network has failed.
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As long as the client is receiving data from the server it will consider
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the connection to be still alive.
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If the client does not receive any packets for a configurable number
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of milliseconds then it will consider the connection failed and will
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either initiate failover, or call any `FailureListener` instances (or
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`ExceptionListener` instances if you are using JMS) depending on how
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it has been configured.
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This is controlled by setting the `clientFailureCheckPeriod` parameter
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on the URI your client is using to connect, e.g.
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`tcp://localhost:61616?clientFailureCheckPeriod=30000`.
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The default value for client failure check period on an "unreliable"
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connection (e.g. a Netty connection) is `30000` ms, i.e. 30 seconds. The
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default value for client failure check period on a "reliable" connection
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(e.g. an in-vm connection) is `-1`. A value of `-1` means the client
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will never fail the connection on the client side if no data is received
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from the server. Typically this is much lower than connection TTL to
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allow clients to reconnect in case of transitory failure.
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## Configuring Asynchronous Connection Execution
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Most packets received on the server side are executed on the remoting
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thread. These packets represent short-running operations and are always
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executed on the remoting thread for performance reasons.
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However, by default some kinds of packets are executed using a thread
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from a thread pool so that the remoting thread is not tied up for too
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long. Please note that processing operations asynchronously on another
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thread adds a little more latency. These packets are:
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- `org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.wireformat.RollbackMessage`
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- `org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.wireformat.SessionCloseMessage`
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- `org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.wireformat.SessionCommitMessage`
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- `org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.wireformat.SessionXACommitMessage`
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- `org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.wireformat.SessionXAPrepareMessage`
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- `org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.wireformat.SessionXARollbackMessage`
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To disable asynchronous connection execution, set the parameter
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`async-connection-execution-enabled` in `broker.xml` to
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`false` (default value is `true`). |