mirror of https://github.com/apache/druid.git
1393 lines
33 KiB
Markdown
1393 lines
33 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: sql-functions
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title: "All Druid SQL functions"
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sidebar_label: "All functions"
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---
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<!--
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~ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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~ or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
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~ regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
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~ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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~ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
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~ with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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~ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
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~ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
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~ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
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~ KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
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~ specific language governing permissions and limitations
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~ under the License.
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> Apache Druid supports two query languages: Druid SQL and [native queries](querying.md).
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> This document describes the SQL language.
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This page provides a reference of all Druid SQL functions in alphabetical order.
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Click the linked function type for documentation on a particular function.
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## ABS
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`ABS(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the absolute value of a numeric expression.
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## ACOS
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`ACOS(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the arc cosine of a numeric expression.
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## ANY_VALUE
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`ANY_VALUE(<NUMERIC>)`
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`ANY_VALUE(<BOOLEAN>)`
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`ANY_VALUE(<CHARACTER>, <NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Returns any value of the specified expression.
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## APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
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`APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Counts distinct values of a regular column or a prebuilt sketch column.
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`APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_BUILTIN(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Counts distinct values of a string, numeric, or `hyperUnique` column using Druid's built-in `cardinality` or `hyperUnique` aggregators.
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## APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL
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`APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(expr, [<NUMERIC>, <CHARACTER>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Counts distinct values of an HLL sketch column or a regular column.
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## APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_THETA
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`APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_THETA(expr, [<NUMERIC>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Counts distinct values of a Theta sketch column or a regular column.
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## APPROX_QUANTILE
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`APPROX_QUANTILE(expr, <NUMERIC>, [<NUMERIC>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Deprecated in favor of `APPROX_QUANTILE_DS`.
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## APPROX_QUANTILE_DS
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`APPROX_QUANTILE_DS(expr, <NUMERIC>, [<NUMERIC>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Computes approximate quantiles on a Quantiles sketch column or a regular numeric column.
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## APPROX_QUANTILE_FIXED_BUCKETS
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`APPROX_QUANTILE_FIXED_BUCKETS(expr, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, [<CHARACTER>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Computes approximate quantiles on fixed buckets histogram column or a regular numeric column.
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## ARRAY[]
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`ARRAY[expr1, expr2, ...]`
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**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
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Constructs a SQL ARRAY literal from the expression arguments. The arguments must be of the same type.
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## ARRAY_AGG
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`ARRAY_AGG([DISTINCT] expr, [<NUMERIC>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Returns an array of all values of the specified expression.
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## ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG
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`ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG([DISTINCT] expr, [<NUMERIC>])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Concatenates array inputs into a single array.
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## ASIN
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`ASIN(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the arc sine of a numeric expression.
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## ATAN
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`ATAN(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the arc tangent of a numeric expression.
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## ATAN2
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`ATAN2(<NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the arc tangent of the two arguments.
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## AVG
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`AVG(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Calculates the average of a set of values.
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## BIT_AND
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`BIT_AND(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Performs a bitwise AND operation on all input values.
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## BIT_OR
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`BIT_OR(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Performs a bitwise OR operation on all input values.
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## BIT_XOR
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`BIT_XOR(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Performs a bitwise XOR operation on all input values.
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## BITWISE_AND
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`BITWISE_AND(expr1, expr2)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns the bitwise AND between the two expressions, that is, `expr1 & expr2`.
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## BITWISE_COMPLEMENT
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`BITWISE_COMPLEMENT(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns the bitwise NOT for the expression, that is, `~expr`.
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## BITWISE_CONVERT_DOUBLE_TO_LONG_BITS
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`BITWISE_CONVERT_DOUBLE_TO_LONG_BITS(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Converts the bits of an IEEE 754 floating-point double value to a long.
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## BITWISE_CONVERT_LONG_BITS_TO_DOUBLE
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`BITWISE_CONVERT_LONG_BITS_TO_DOUBLE(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Converts a long to the IEEE 754 floating-point double specified by the bits stored in the long.
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## BITWISE_OR
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`BITWISE_OR(expr1, expr2)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns the bitwise OR between the two expressions, that is, `expr1 | expr2`.
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## BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT
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`BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT(expr1, expr2)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns a bitwise left shift of expr1, that is, `expr1 << expr2`.
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## BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT
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`BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT(expr1, expr2)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns a bitwise right shift of expr1, that is, `expr1 >> expr2`.
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## BITWISE_XOR
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`BITWISE_XOR(expr1, expr2)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns the bitwise exclusive OR between the two expressions, that is, `expr1 ^ expr2`.
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## BLOOM_FILTER
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`BLOOM_FILTER(expr, <NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Computes a Bloom filter from values produced by the specified expression.
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## BLOOM_FILTER_TEST
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`BLOOM_FILTER_TEST(expr, <STRING>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, other](sql-scalar.md#other-scalar-functions)
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Returns true if the expression is contained in a Base64-serialized Bloom filter.
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## BTRIM
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`BTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Trims characters from both the leading and trailing ends of an expression.
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## CASE
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`CASE expr WHEN value1 THEN result1 \[ WHEN value2 THEN result2 ... \] \[ ELSE resultN \] END`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, other](sql-scalar.md#other-scalar-functions)
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Returns a result based on a given condition.
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## CAST
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`CAST(value AS TYPE)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, other](sql-scalar.md#other-scalar-functions)
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Converts a value into the specified data type.
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## CEIL (date and time)
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`CEIL(<TIMESTAMP> TO <TIME_UNIT>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
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Rounds up a timestamp by a given time unit.
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## CEIL (numeric)
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`CEIL(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the numeric expression.
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## CHAR_LENGTH
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`CHAR_LENGTH(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Alias for [`LENGTH`](#length).
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## CHARACTER_LENGTH
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`CHARACTER_LENGTH(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Alias for [`LENGTH`](#length).
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## COALESCE
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`COALESCE(expr, expr, ...)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, other](sql-scalar.md#other-scalar-functions)
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Returns the first non-null value.
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## CONCAT
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`CONCAT(expr, expr...)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Concatenates a list of expressions.
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## CONTAINS_STRING
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`CONTAINS_STRING(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-sensitive.
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## COS
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`COS(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the trigonometric cosine of an angle expressed in radians.
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## COT
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`COT(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the trigonometric cotangent of an angle expressed in radians.
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## COUNT
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`COUNT([DISTINCT] expr)`
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`COUNT(*)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Counts the number of rows.
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## CURRENT_DATE
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`CURRENT_DATE`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
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Returns the current date in the connection's time zone.
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## CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
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Returns the current timestamp in the connection's time zone.
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## DATE_TRUNC
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`DATE_TRUNC(<CHARACTER>, <TIMESTAMP>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
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Rounds down a timestamp by a given time unit.
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## DEGREES
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`DEGREES(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
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## DIV
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`DIV(x, y)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Returns the result of integer division of `x` by `y`.
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## DS_CDF
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`DS_CDF(expr, splitPoint0, splitPoint1, ...)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns a string representing an approximation to the Cumulative Distribution Function given the specified bin definition.
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## DS_GET_QUANTILE
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`DS_GET_QUANTILE(expr, fraction)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns the quantile estimate corresponding to `fraction` from a quantiles sketch.
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## DS_GET_QUANTILES
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`DS_GET_QUANTILES(expr, fraction0, fraction1, ...)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns a string representing an array of quantile estimates corresponding to a list of fractions from a quantiles sketch.
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## DS_HISTOGRAM
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`DS_HISTOGRAM(expr, splitPoint0, splitPoint1, ...)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns a string representing an approximation to the histogram given the specified bin definition.
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## DS_HLL
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`DS_HLL(expr, [lgK, tgtHllType])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Creates an HLL sketch on a column containing HLL sketches or a regular column.
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## DS_QUANTILE_SUMMARY
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`DS_QUANTILE_SUMMARY(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns a string summary of a quantiles sketch.
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## DS_QUANTILES_SKETCH
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`DS_QUANTILES_SKETCH(expr, [k])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Creates a Quantiles sketch on a column containing Quantiles sketches or a regular column.
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## DS_RANK
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`DS_RANK(expr, value)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns an approximate rank between 0 and 1 of a given value, in which the rank signifies the fraction of the distribution less than the given value.
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## DS_THETA
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`DS_THETA(expr, [size])`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Creates a Theta sketch on a column containing Theta sketches or a regular column.
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## EARLIEST
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`EARLIEST(expr)`
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`EARLIEST(expr, maxBytesPerString)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the earliest `__time` value.
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## EARLIEST_BY
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`EARLIEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr)`
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`EARLIEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr, maxBytesPerString)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the earliest time value from `timestampExpr`.
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## EXP
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`EXP(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates _e_ raised to the power of the numeric expression.
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## EXTRACT
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`EXTRACT(<TIME_UNIT> FROM <TIMESTAMP>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
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Extracts the value of some unit of the timestamp, optionally from a certain time zone, and returns the number.
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## FLOOR (date and time)
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`FLOOR(<TIMESTAMP> TO <TIME_UNIT>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
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Rounds down a timestamp by a given time unit.
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## FLOOR (numeric)
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`FLOOR(<NUMERIC>)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
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Calculates the largest integer value less than or equal to the numeric expression.
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## GREATEST
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`GREATEST([expr1, ...])`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, reduction](sql-scalar.md#reduction-functions)
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Returns the maximum value from the provided arguments.
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## GROUPING
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`GROUPING(expr, expr...)`
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**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
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Returns a number for each output row of a groupBy query, indicating whether the specified dimension is included for that row.
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## HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE
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`HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr, [round])`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns the distinct count estimate from an HLL sketch.
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## HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS
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`HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS(expr, [numStdDev])`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns the distinct count estimate and error bounds from an HLL sketch.
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## HLL_SKETCH_TO_STRING
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`HLL_SKETCH_TO_STRING(expr)`
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**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
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Returns a human-readable string representation of an HLL sketch.
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## HLL_SKETCH_UNION
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|
|
`HLL_SKETCH_UNION([lgK, tgtHllType], expr0, expr1, ...)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns a union of HLL sketches.
|
|
|
|
## HUMAN_READABLE_BINARY_BYTE_FORMAT
|
|
|
|
`HUMAN_READABLE_BINARY_BYTE_FORMAT(value[, precision])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts an integer byte size into human-readable IEC format.
|
|
|
|
## HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_BYTE_FORMAT
|
|
|
|
`HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_BYTE_FORMAT(value[, precision])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts a byte size into human-readable SI format.
|
|
|
|
## HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_FORMAT
|
|
|
|
`HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_FORMAT(value[, precision])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts a byte size into human-readable SI format with single-character units.
|
|
|
|
## ICONTAINS_STRING
|
|
|
|
`ICONTAINS_STRING(<expr>, str)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-insensitive.
|
|
|
|
## IPV4_MATCH
|
|
|
|
`IPV4_MATCH(address, subnet)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, IP address](sql-scalar.md#ip-address-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns true if the `address` belongs to the `subnet` literal, else false.
|
|
|
|
## IPV4_PARSE
|
|
|
|
`IPV4_PARSE(address)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, IP address](sql-scalar.md#ip-address-functions)
|
|
|
|
Parses `address` into an IPv4 address stored as an integer.
|
|
|
|
## IPV4_STRINGIFY
|
|
|
|
`IPV4_STRINGIFY(address)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, IP address](sql-scalar.md#ip-address-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts `address` into an IPv4 address in dot-decimal notation.
|
|
|
|
## JSON_KEYS
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`JSON_KEYS(expr, path)`
|
|
|
|
Returns an array of field names from `expr` at the specified `path`.
|
|
|
|
## JSON_OBJECT
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`JSON_OBJECT(KEY expr1 VALUE expr2[, KEY expr3 VALUE expr4, ...])`
|
|
|
|
Constructs a new `COMPLEX<json>` object. The `KEY` expressions must evaluate to string types. The `VALUE` expressions can be composed of any input type, including other `COMPLEX<json>` values. `JSON_OBJECT` can accept colon-separated key-value pairs. The following syntax is equivalent: `JSON_OBJECT(expr1:expr2[, expr3:expr4, ...])`.
|
|
|
|
## JSON_PATHS
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`JSON_PATHS(expr)`
|
|
|
|
Returns an array of all paths which refer to literal values in `expr` in JSONPath format.
|
|
|
|
## JSON_QUERY
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`JSON_QUERY(expr, path)`
|
|
|
|
Extracts a `COMPLEX<json>` value from `expr`, at the specified `path`.
|
|
|
|
## JSON_VALUE
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`JSON_VALUE(expr, path [RETURNING sqlType])`
|
|
|
|
Extracts a literal value from `expr` at the specified `path`. If you specify `RETURNING` and an SQL type name (such as `VARCHAR`, `BIGINT`, `DOUBLE`, etc) the function plans the query using the suggested type. Otherwise, it attempts to infer the type based on the context. If it can't infer the type, it defaults to `VARCHAR`.
|
|
|
|
## LATEST
|
|
|
|
`LATEST(expr)`
|
|
|
|
`LATEST(expr, maxBytesPerString)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the latest `__time` value.
|
|
|
|
## LATEST_BY
|
|
|
|
`LATEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr)`
|
|
|
|
`LATEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr, maxBytesPerString)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the latest time value from `timestampExpr`.
|
|
|
|
## LEAST
|
|
|
|
`LEAST([expr1, ...])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, reduction](sql-scalar.md#reduction-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the minimum value from the provided arguments.
|
|
|
|
## LEFT
|
|
|
|
`LEFT(expr, [length])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression.
|
|
|
|
## LENGTH
|
|
|
|
`LENGTH(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the length of the expression in UTF-16 encoding.
|
|
|
|
## LN
|
|
|
|
`LN(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the natural logarithm of the numeric expression.
|
|
|
|
## LOG10
|
|
|
|
`LOG10(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the base-10 of the numeric expression.
|
|
|
|
## LOOKUP
|
|
|
|
`LOOKUP(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Looks up the expression in a registered query-time lookup table.
|
|
|
|
## LOWER
|
|
|
|
`LOWER(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the expression in lowercase.
|
|
|
|
## LPAD
|
|
|
|
`LPAD(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<CHARACTER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression, optionally padded with the given characters.
|
|
|
|
## LTRIM
|
|
|
|
`LTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Trims characters from the leading end of an expression.
|
|
|
|
## MAX
|
|
|
|
`MAX(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the maximum value of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP
|
|
|
|
`MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP(millis_expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts a number of milliseconds since epoch into a timestamp.
|
|
|
|
## MIN
|
|
|
|
`MIN(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the minimum value of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## MOD
|
|
|
|
`MOD(x, y)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates x modulo y, or the remainder of x divided by y.
|
|
|
|
## MV_APPEND
|
|
|
|
`MV_APPEND(arr1, expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Adds the expression to the end of the array.
|
|
|
|
## MV_CONCAT
|
|
|
|
`MV_CONCAT(arr1, arr2)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Concatenates two arrays.
|
|
|
|
## MV_CONTAINS
|
|
|
|
`MV_CONTAINS(arr, expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns true if the expression is in the array, false otherwise.
|
|
|
|
## MV_FILTER_NONE
|
|
|
|
`MV_FILTER_NONE(expr, arr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Filters a multi-value expression to include no values contained in the array.
|
|
|
|
## MV_FILTER_ONLY
|
|
|
|
`MV_FILTER_ONLY(expr, arr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Filters a multi-value expression to include only values contained in the array.
|
|
|
|
## MV_LENGTH
|
|
|
|
`MV_LENGTH(arr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the length of an array expression.
|
|
|
|
## MV_OFFSET
|
|
|
|
`MV_OFFSET(arr, long)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the array element at the given zero-based index.
|
|
|
|
## MV_OFFSET_OF
|
|
|
|
`MV_OFFSET_OF(arr, expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of a given expression in the array.
|
|
|
|
## MV_ORDINAL
|
|
|
|
`MV_ORDINAL(arr, long)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the array element at the given one-based index.
|
|
|
|
## MV_ORDINAL_OF
|
|
|
|
`MV_ORDINAL_OF(arr, expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the one-based index of the first occurrence of a given expression.
|
|
|
|
## MV_OVERLAP
|
|
|
|
`MV_OVERLAP(arr1, arr2)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns true if the two arrays have any elements in common, false otherwise.
|
|
|
|
## MV_PREPEND
|
|
|
|
`MV_PREPEND(expr, arr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Adds the expression to the beginning of the array.
|
|
|
|
## MV_SLICE
|
|
|
|
`MV_SLICE(arr, start, end)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns a slice of the array from the zero-based start and end indexes.
|
|
|
|
## MV_TO_STRING
|
|
|
|
`MV_TO_STRING(arr, str)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Joins all elements of the array together by the given delimiter.
|
|
|
|
## NULLIF
|
|
|
|
`NULLIF(value1, value2)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, other](sql-scalar.md#other-scalar-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns NULL if two values are equal, else returns the first value.
|
|
|
|
## NVL
|
|
|
|
`NVL(e1, e2)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, other](sql-scalar.md#other-scalar-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns `e2` if `e1` is null, else returns `e1`.
|
|
|
|
## PARSE_JSON
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`PARSE_JSON(expr)`
|
|
|
|
Parses `expr` into a `COMPLEX<json>` object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a `VARCHAR` or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in an error.
|
|
|
|
## PARSE_LONG
|
|
|
|
`PARSE_LONG(<CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts a string into a BIGINT with the given base or into a DECIMAL data type if the base is not specified.
|
|
|
|
## POSITION
|
|
|
|
`POSITION(<CHARACTER> IN <CHARACTER> [FROM <INTEGER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the one-based index position of a substring within an expression, optionally starting from a given one-based index.
|
|
|
|
## POWER
|
|
|
|
`POWER(expr, power)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates a numerical expression raised to the specified power.
|
|
|
|
## RADIANS
|
|
|
|
`RADIANS(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
|
|
|
|
## REGEXP_EXTRACT
|
|
|
|
`REGEXP_EXTRACT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Applies a regular expression to the string expression and returns the _n_th match.
|
|
|
|
## REGEXP_LIKE
|
|
|
|
`REGEXP_LIKE(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns true or false signifying whether the regular expression finds a match in the string expression.
|
|
|
|
## REPEAT
|
|
|
|
`REPEAT(<CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Repeats the string expression an integer number of times.
|
|
|
|
## REPLACE
|
|
|
|
`REPLACE(expr, pattern, replacement)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Replaces a pattern with another string in the given expression.
|
|
|
|
## REVERSE
|
|
|
|
`REVERSE(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Reverses the given expression.
|
|
|
|
## RIGHT
|
|
|
|
`RIGHT(expr, [length])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression.
|
|
|
|
## ROUND
|
|
|
|
`ROUND(expr[, digits])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the rounded value for a numerical expression.
|
|
|
|
## RPAD
|
|
|
|
`RPAD(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<CHARACTER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression, optionally padded with the given characters.
|
|
|
|
## RTRIM
|
|
|
|
`RTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Trims characters from the trailing end of an expression.
|
|
|
|
## SAFE_DIVIDE
|
|
|
|
`SAFE_DIVIDE(x, y)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns `x` divided by `y`, guarded on division by 0.
|
|
|
|
## SIN
|
|
|
|
`SIN(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the trigonometric sine of an angle expressed in radians.
|
|
|
|
## SQRT
|
|
|
|
`SQRT(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the square root of a numeric expression.
|
|
|
|
## STDDEV
|
|
|
|
`STDDEV(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Alias for [`STDDEV_SAMP`](#stddev_samp).
|
|
|
|
## STDDEV_POP
|
|
|
|
`STDDEV_POP(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the population standard deviation of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## STDDEV_SAMP
|
|
|
|
`STDDEV_SAMP(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the sample standard deviation of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## STRING_AGG
|
|
|
|
`STRING_AGG(expr, separator, [size])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Collects all values of an expression into a single string.
|
|
|
|
## STRING_FORMAT
|
|
|
|
`STRING_FORMAT(pattern[, args...])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns a string formatted in accordance to Java's String.format method.
|
|
|
|
## STRING_TO_MV
|
|
|
|
`STRING_TO_MV(str1, str2)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Multi-value string](sql-multivalue-string-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
Converts a string into an array, split by the given delimiter.
|
|
|
|
## STRLEN
|
|
|
|
`STRLEN(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Alias for [`LENGTH`](#length).
|
|
|
|
## STRPOS
|
|
|
|
`STRPOS(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the one-based index position of a substring within an expression.
|
|
|
|
## SUBSTR
|
|
|
|
`SUBSTR(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<INTEGER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Alias for [`SUBSTRING`](#substring).
|
|
|
|
## SUBSTRING
|
|
|
|
`SUBSTRING(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<INTEGER>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns a substring of the expression starting at a given one-based index.
|
|
|
|
## SUM
|
|
|
|
`SUM(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the sum of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## TAN
|
|
|
|
`TAN(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the trigonometric tangent of an angle expressed in radians.
|
|
|
|
## TDIGEST_GENERATE_SKETCH
|
|
|
|
`TDIGEST_GENERATE_SKETCH(expr, [compression])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Generates a T-digest sketch from values of the specified expression.
|
|
|
|
## TDIGEST_QUANTILE
|
|
|
|
`TDIGEST_QUANTILE(expr, quantileFraction, [compression])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Returns the quantile for the specified fraction from a T-Digest sketch constructed from values of the expression.
|
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|
|
## TEXTCAT
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|
`TEXTCAT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)`
|
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|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
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|
|
Concatenates two string expressions.
|
|
|
|
## THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE
|
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|
`THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the distinct count estimate from a Theta sketch.
|
|
|
|
## THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS
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|
`THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS(expr, errorBoundsStdDev)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the distinct count estimate and error bounds from a Theta sketch.
|
|
|
|
## THETA_SKETCH_INTERSECT
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`THETA_SKETCH_INTERSECT([size], expr0, expr1, ...)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns an intersection of Theta sketches.
|
|
|
|
## THETA_SKETCH_NOT
|
|
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|
`THETA_SKETCH_NOT([size], expr0, expr1, ...)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns a set difference of Theta sketches.
|
|
|
|
## THETA_SKETCH_UNION
|
|
|
|
`THETA_SKETCH_UNION([size], expr0, expr1, ...)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, sketch](sql-scalar.md#sketch-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns a union of Theta sketches.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_CEIL
|
|
|
|
`TIME_CEIL(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, [<origin>, [<timezone>]])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Rounds up a timestamp by a given time period, optionally from some reference time or timezone.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_EXTRACT
|
|
|
|
`TIME_EXTRACT(<TIMESTAMP>, [<unit>, [<timezone>]])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Extracts the value of some unit of the timestamp and returns the number.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_FLOOR
|
|
|
|
`TIME_FLOOR(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, [<origin>, [<timezone>]])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time period, optionally from some reference time or timezone.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_FORMAT
|
|
|
|
`TIME_FORMAT(<TIMESTAMP>, [<pattern>, [<timezone>]])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Formats a timestamp as a string.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_IN_INTERVAL
|
|
|
|
`TIME_IN_INTERVAL(<TIMESTAMP>, <CHARACTER>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns whether a timestamp is contained within a particular interval, formatted as a string.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_PARSE
|
|
|
|
`TIME_PARSE(<string_expr>, [<pattern>, [<timezone>]])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Parses a string into a timestamp.
|
|
|
|
## TIME_SHIFT
|
|
|
|
`TIME_SHIFT(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, <step>, [<timezone>])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Shifts a timestamp forwards or backwards by a given number of time units.
|
|
|
|
## TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS
|
|
|
|
`TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(<TIMESTAMP>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the number of milliseconds since epoch for the given timestamp.
|
|
|
|
## TIMESTAMPADD
|
|
|
|
`TIMESTAMPADD(<unit>, <count>, <TIMESTAMP>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Adds a certain amount of time to a given timestamp.
|
|
|
|
## TIMESTAMPDIFF
|
|
|
|
`TIMESTAMPDIFF(<unit>, <TIMESTAMP>, <TIMESTAMP>)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, date and time](sql-scalar.md#date-and-time-functions)
|
|
|
|
Takes the difference between two timestamps, returning the results in the given units.
|
|
|
|
## TO_JSON_STRING
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`TO_JSON_STRING(expr)`
|
|
|
|
Serializes `expr` into a JSON string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## TRIM
|
|
|
|
`TRIM([BOTH|LEADING|TRAILING] [<chars> FROM] expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Trims the leading or trailing characters of an expression.
|
|
|
|
## TRUNC
|
|
|
|
`TRUNC(expr[, digits])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Alias for [`TRUNCATE`](#truncate).
|
|
|
|
## TRUNCATE
|
|
|
|
`TRUNCATE(expr[, digits])`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, numeric](sql-scalar.md#numeric-functions)
|
|
|
|
Truncates a numerical expression to a specific number of decimal digits.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## TRY_PARSE_JSON
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [JSON](sql-json-functions.md)
|
|
|
|
`TRY_PARSE_JSON(expr)`
|
|
|
|
Parses `expr` into a `COMPLEX<json>` object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a `VARCHAR` or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in a `NULL` value.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## UPPER
|
|
|
|
`UPPER(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Scalar, string](sql-scalar.md#string-functions)
|
|
|
|
Returns the expression in uppercase.
|
|
|
|
## VAR_POP
|
|
|
|
`VAR_POP(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the population variance of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## VAR_SAMP
|
|
|
|
`VAR_SAMP(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Calculates the sample variance of a set of values.
|
|
|
|
## VARIANCE
|
|
|
|
`VARIANCE(expr)`
|
|
|
|
**Function type:** [Aggregation](sql-aggregations.md)
|
|
|
|
Alias for [`VAR_SAMP`](#var_samp).
|
|
|