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Ingestion Spec

A Druid ingestion spec consists of 3 components:

{
  "dataSchema" : {...},
  "ioConfig" : {...},
  "tuningConfig" : {...}
}

Field	Type	Description	Required
dataSchema	JSON Object	Specifies the the schema of the incoming data. All ingestion specs can share the same dataSchema.	yes
ioConfig	JSON Object	Specifies where the data is coming from and where the data is going. This object will vary with the ingestion method.	yes
tuningConfig	JSON Object	Specifies how to tune various ingestion parameters. This object will vary with the ingestion method.	no

DataSchema

An example dataSchema is shown below:

"dataSchema" : {
  "dataSource" : "wikipedia",
  "parser" : {
    "type" : "string",
    "parseSpec" : {
      "format" : "json",
      "timestampSpec" : {
        "column" : "timestamp",
        "format" : "auto"
      },
      "dimensionsSpec" : {
        "dimensions": ["page","language","user","unpatrolled","newPage","robot","anonymous","namespace","continent","country","region","city"],
        "dimensionExclusions" : [],
        "spatialDimensions" : []
      }
    }
  },
  "metricsSpec" : [{
    "type" : "count",
    "name" : "count"
  }, {
    "type" : "doubleSum",
    "name" : "added",
    "fieldName" : "added"
  }, {
    "type" : "doubleSum",
    "name" : "deleted",
    "fieldName" : "deleted"
  }, {
    "type" : "doubleSum",
    "name" : "delta",
    "fieldName" : "delta"
  }],
  "granularitySpec" : {
    "segmentGranularity" : "DAY",
    "queryGranularity" : "NONE",
    "intervals" : [ "2013-08-31/2013-09-01" ]
  }
}

Field	Type	Description	Required
dataSource	String	The name of the ingested datasource. Datasources can be thought of as tables.	yes
parser	JSON Object	Specifies how ingested data can be parsed.	yes
metricsSpec	JSON Object array	A list of aggregators.	yes
granularitySpec	JSON Object	Specifies how to create segments and roll up data.	yes

Parser

If type is not included, the parser defaults to string. For additional data formats, please see our extensions list.

String Parser

Field	Type	Description	Required
type	String	This should say `string` in general, or `hadoopyString` when used in a Hadoop indexing job.	no
parseSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the format, timestamp, and dimensions of the data.	yes

Protobuf Parser

Field	Type	Description	Required
type	String	This should say `protobuf`.	no
parseSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the timestamp and dimensions of the data. Should be a timeAndDims parseSpec.	yes

ParseSpec

ParseSpecs serve two purposes:

The String Parser use them to determine the format (i.e. JSON, CSV, TSV) of incoming rows.
All Parsers use them to determine the timestamp and dimensions of incoming rows.

If format is not included, the parseSpec defaults to tsv.

JSON ParseSpec

Use this with the String Parser to load JSON.

Field	Type	Description	Required
format	String	This should say `json`.	no
timestampSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the column and format of the timestamp.	yes
dimensionsSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the dimensions of the data.	yes
flattenSpec	JSON Object	Specifies flattening configuration for nested JSON data. See Flattening JSON for more info.	no

JSON Lowercase ParseSpec

This is a special variation of the JSON ParseSpec that lower cases all the column names in the incoming JSON data. This parseSpec is required if you are updating to Druid 0.7.x from Druid 0.6.x, are directly ingesting JSON with mixed case column names, do not have any ETL in place to lower case those column names, and would like to make queries that include the data you created using 0.6.x and 0.7.x.

Field	Type	Description	Required
format	String	This should say `jsonLowercase`.	yes
timestampSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the column and format of the timestamp.	yes
dimensionsSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the dimensions of the data.	yes

CSV ParseSpec

Use this with the String Parser to load CSV. Strings are parsed using the net.sf.opencsv library.

Field	Type	Description	Required
format	String	This should say `csv`.	yes
timestampSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the column and format of the timestamp.	yes
dimensionsSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the dimensions of the data.	yes
listDelimiter	String	A custom delimiter for multi-value dimensions.	no (default == ctrl+A)
columns	JSON array	Specifies the columns of the data.	yes

TSV / Delimited ParseSpec

Use this with the String Parser to load any delimited text that does not require special escaping. By default, the delimiter is a tab, so this will load TSV.

Field	Type	Description	Required
format	String	This should say `tsv`.	yes
timestampSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the column and format of the timestamp.	yes
dimensionsSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the dimensions of the data.	yes
delimiter	String	A custom delimiter for data values.	no (default == \t)
listDelimiter	String	A custom delimiter for multi-value dimensions.	no (default == ctrl+A)
columns	JSON String array	Specifies the columns of the data.	yes

TimeAndDims ParseSpec

Use this with non-String Parsers to provide them with timestamp and dimensions information. Non-String Parsers handle all formatting decisions on their own, without using the ParseSpec.

Field	Type	Description	Required
format	String	This should say `timeAndDims`.	yes
timestampSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the column and format of the timestamp.	yes
dimensionsSpec	JSON Object	Specifies the dimensions of the data.	yes

TimestampSpec

Field	Type	Description	Required
column	String	The column of the timestamp.	yes
format	String	iso, millis, posix, auto or any Joda time format.	no (default == 'auto'

DimensionsSpec

Field	Type	Description	Required
dimensions	JSON String array	The names of the dimensions. If this is an empty array, Druid will treat all columns that are not timestamp or metric columns as dimension columns.	yes
dimensionExclusions	JSON String array	The names of dimensions to exclude from ingestion.	no (default == []
spatialDimensions	JSON Object array	An array of spatial dimensions	no (default == []

GranularitySpec

The default granularity spec is uniform.

Uniform Granularity Spec

This spec is used to generated segments with uniform intervals.

Field	Type	Description	Required
type	string	The type of granularity spec.	no (default == 'uniform')
segmentGranularity	string	The granularity to create segments at.	no (default == 'DAY')
queryGranularity	string	The minimum granularity to be able to query results at and the granularity of the data inside the segment. E.g. a value of "minute" will mean that data is aggregated at minutely granularity. That is, if there are collisions in the tuple (minute(timestamp), dimensions), then it will aggregate values together using the aggregators instead of storing individual rows.	no (default == 'NONE')
rollup	boolean	rollup or not	no (default == true)
intervals	string	A list of intervals for the raw data being ingested. Ignored for real-time ingestion.	yes for Hadoop ingestion, no otherwise
timezone	string	The timezone to represent the interval offsets in. Only valid if intervals are explicitly specified for batch ingestion. Will not be valid for kafka based ingestion.	no (default == 'UTC')

Arbitrary Granularity Spec

This spec is used to generate segments with arbitrary intervals (it tries to create evenly sized segments). This spec is not supported for real-time processing.

Field	Type	Description	Required
type	string	The type of granularity spec.	no (default == 'uniform')
queryGranularity	string	The minimum granularity to be able to query results at and the granularity of the data inside the segment. E.g. a value of "minute" will mean that data is aggregated at minutely granularity. That is, if there are collisions in the tuple (minute(timestamp), dimensions), then it will aggregate values together using the aggregators instead of storing individual rows.	no (default == 'NONE')
rollup	boolean	rollup or not	no (default == true)
intervals	string	A list of intervals for the raw data being ingested. Ignored for real-time ingestion.	yes for batch, no for real-time
timezone	string	The timezone to represent the interval offsets in. Only valid if intervals are explicitly specified for batch ingestion. Will not be valid for kafka based ingestion.	no (default == 'UTC')

IO Config

Stream Push Ingestion: Stream push ingestion with Tranquility does not require an IO Config. Stream Pull Ingestion: See Stream pull ingestion. Batch Ingestion: See Batch ingestion

Tuning Config

Stream Push Ingestion: See Stream push ingestion. Stream Pull Ingestion: See Stream pull ingestion. Batch Ingestion: See Batch ingestion

Evaluating Timestamp, Dimensions and Metrics

Druid will interpret dimensions, dimension exclusions, and metrics in the following order:

Any column listed in the list of dimensions is treated as a dimension.
Any column listed in the list of dimension exclusions is excluded as a dimension.
The timestamp column and columns/fieldNames required by metrics are excluded by default.
If a metric is also listed as a dimension, the metric must have a different name than the dimension name.

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