druid/input-sources.md at a16092b16a340f345e271d01b3a86c91c69fc4a0

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id	title	sidebar_label
input-sources	Input sources	Input sources

The input source defines where your index task reads data for Apache Druid native batch ingestion. Only the native parallel task and simple task support the input source.

For general information on native batch indexing and parallel task indexing, see Native batch ingestion.

S3 input source

:::info You need to include the druid-s3-extensions as an extension to use the S3 input source. :::

The S3 input source reads objects directly from S3. You can specify either:

a list of S3 URI strings
a list of S3 location prefixes that attempts to list the contents and ingest all objects contained within the locations.

The S3 input source is splittable. Therefore, you can use it with the Parallel task. Each worker task of index_parallel reads one or multiple objects.

Sample specs:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "s3",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "uris": ["s3://foo/bar/file.json", "s3://bar/foo/file2.json"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "s3",
        "objectGlob": "**.parquet",
        "prefixes": ["s3://foo/bar/", "s3://bar/foo/"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "s3",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "objects": [
          { "bucket": "foo", "path": "bar/file1.json"},
          { "bucket": "bar", "path": "foo/file2.json"}
        ]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "s3",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "uris": ["s3://foo/bar/file.json", "s3://bar/foo/file2.json"],
        "properties": {
          "accessKeyId": "KLJ78979SDFdS2",
          "secretAccessKey": "KLS89s98sKJHKJKJH8721lljkd"
        }
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "s3",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "uris": ["s3://foo/bar/file.json", "s3://bar/foo/file2.json"],
        "properties": {
          "accessKeyId": "KLJ78979SDFdS2",
          "secretAccessKey": "KLS89s98sKJHKJKJH8721lljkd",
          "assumeRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::2981002874992:role/role-s3"
        }
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "s3",
        "uris": ["s3://foo/bar/file.json", "s3://bar/foo/file2.json"],
        "endpointConfig": {
             "url" : "s3-store.aws.com",
             "signingRegion" : "us-west-2"
         },
         "clientConfig": {
             "protocol" : "http",
             "disableChunkedEncoding" : true,
             "enablePathStyleAccess" : true,
             "forceGlobalBucketAccessEnabled" : false
         },
         "proxyConfig": {
             "host" : "proxy-s3.aws.com",
             "port" : 8888,
             "username" : "admin",
             "password" : "admin"
         },

        "properties": {
          "accessKeyId": "KLJ78979SDFdS2",
          "secretAccessKey": "KLS89s98sKJHKJKJH8721lljkd",
          "assumeRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::2981002874992:role/role-s3"
        }
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set the value to `s3`.	None	yes
uris	JSON array of URIs where S3 objects to be ingested are located.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
prefixes	JSON array of URI prefixes for the locations of S3 objects to be ingested. Empty objects starting with one of the given prefixes will be skipped.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
objects	JSON array of S3 Objects to be ingested.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
objectGlob	A glob for the object part of the S3 URI. In the URI `s3://foo/bar/file.json`, the glob is applied to `bar/file.json`. The glob must match the entire object part, not just the filename. For example, the glob `.json` does not match `s3://foo/bar/file.json`, because the object part is `bar/file.json`, and the`` does not match the slash. To match all objects ending in `.json`, use `**.json` instead. For more information, refer to the documentation for `FileSystem#getPathMatcher`.	None	no
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (S3 URI starting with `s3://`), `__file_bucket` (S3 bucket), and `__file_path` (S3 object key).	None	no
endpointConfig	Config for overriding the default S3 endpoint and signing region. This would allow ingesting data from a different S3 store. Please see s3 config for more information.	None	No (defaults will be used if not given)
clientConfig	S3 client properties for the overridden s3 endpoint. This is used in conjunction with `endPointConfig`. Please see s3 config for more information.	None	No (defaults will be used if not given)
proxyConfig	Properties for specifying proxy information for the overridden s3 endpoint. This is used in conjunction with `clientConfig`. Please see s3 config for more information.	None	No (defaults will be used if not given)
properties	Properties Object for overriding the default S3 configuration. See below for more information.	None	No (defaults will be used if not given)

Note that the S3 input source will skip all empty objects only when prefixes is specified.

S3 Object:

Property	Description	Default	Required
bucket	Name of the S3 bucket	None	yes
path	The path where data is located.	None	yes

Properties Object:

Property	Description	Default	Required
accessKeyId	The Password Provider or plain text string of this S3 input source access key	None	yes if secretAccessKey is given
secretAccessKey	The Password Provider or plain text string of this S3 input source secret key	None	yes if accessKeyId is given
assumeRoleArn	AWS ARN of the role to assume see. assumeRoleArn can be used either with the ingestion spec AWS credentials or with the default S3 credentials	None	no
assumeRoleExternalId	A unique identifier that might be required when you assume a role in another account see	None	no

:::info Note: If accessKeyId and secretAccessKey are not given, the default S3 credentials provider chain is used. :::

Google Cloud Storage input source

:::info You need to include the druid-google-extensions as an extension to use the Google Cloud Storage input source. :::

The Google Cloud Storage input source is to support reading objects directly from Google Cloud Storage. Objects can be specified as list of Google Cloud Storage URI strings. The Google Cloud Storage input source is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task, where each worker task of index_parallel will read one or multiple objects.

Sample specs:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "google",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "uris": ["gs://foo/bar/file.json", "gs://bar/foo/file2.json"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "google",
        "objectGlob": "**.parquet",
        "prefixes": ["gs://foo/bar/", "gs://bar/foo/"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "google",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "objects": [
          { "bucket": "foo", "path": "bar/file1.json"},
          { "bucket": "bar", "path": "foo/file2.json"}
        ]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set the value to `google`.	None	yes
uris	JSON array of URIs where Google Cloud Storage objects to be ingested are located.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
prefixes	JSON array of URI prefixes for the locations of Google Cloud Storage objects to be ingested. Empty objects starting with one of the given prefixes will be skipped.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
objects	JSON array of Google Cloud Storage objects to be ingested.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
objectGlob	A glob for the object part of the S3 URI. In the URI `s3://foo/bar/file.json`, the glob is applied to `bar/file.json`. The glob must match the entire object part, not just the filename. For example, the glob `.json` does not match `s3://foo/bar/file.json`, because the object part is `bar/file.json`, and the`` does not match the slash. To match all objects ending in `.json`, use `**.json` instead. For more information, refer to the documentation for `FileSystem#getPathMatcher`.	None	no

Note that the Google Cloud Storage input source will skip all empty objects only when prefixes is specified.

Google Cloud Storage object:

Property	Description	Default	Required
bucket	Name of the Google Cloud Storage bucket	None	yes
path	The path where data is located.	None	yes
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (Google Cloud Storage URI starting with `gs://`), `__file_bucket` (GCS bucket), and `__file_path` (GCS key).	None	no

Azure input source

:::info You need to include the druid-azure-extensions as an extension to use the Azure input source. :::

The Azure input source reads objects directly from Azure Blob store or Azure Data Lake sources. You can specify objects as a list of file URI strings or prefixes. You can split the Azure input source for use with Parallel task indexing and each worker task reads one chunk of the split data.

:::info The old azure schema is deprecated. Update your specs to use the azureStorage schema described below instead. :::

Sample specs:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "azureStorage",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "uris": ["azureStorage://storageAccount/container/prefix1/file.json", "azureStorage://storageAccount/container/prefix2/file2.json"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "azureStorage",
        "objectGlob": "**.parquet",
        "prefixes": ["azureStorage://storageAccount/container/prefix1/", "azureStorage://storageAccount/container/prefix2/"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "azureStorage",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "objects": [
          { "bucket": "storageAccount", "path": "container/prefix1/file1.json"},
          { "bucket": "storageAccount", "path": "container/prefix2/file2.json"}
        ],
        "properties": {
          "sharedAccessStorageToken": "?sv=...<storage token secret>...",
        }
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set the value to `azureStorage`.	None	yes
uris	JSON array of URIs where the Azure objects to be ingested are located. Use this format: `azureStorage://STORAGE_ACCOUNT/CONTAINER/PATH_TO_FILE`	None	One of the following must be set:`uris`, `prefixes`, or `objects`.
prefixes	JSON array of URI prefixes for the locations of Azure objects to ingest. Use this format`azureStorage://STORAGE_ACCOUNT/CONTAINER/PREFIX`. Empty objects starting with any of the given prefixes are skipped.	None	One of the following must be set:`uris`, `prefixes`, or `objects`.
objects	JSON array of Azure objects to ingest.	None	One of the following must be set:`uris`, `prefixes`, or `objects`.
objectGlob	A glob for the object part of the Azure URI. In the URI `azureStorage://foo/bar/file.json`, the glob is applied to `bar/file.json`. The glob must match the entire object part, not just the filename. For example, the glob `.json` does not match `azureStorage://foo/bar/file.json` because the object part is `bar/file.json`, and the`` does not match the slash. To match all objects ending in `.json`, use `**.json` instead. For more information, refer to the documentation for `FileSystem#getPathMatcher`.	None	no
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (Azure blob URI starting with `azureStorage://`), `__file_bucket` (Azure bucket), and `__file_path` (Azure object path).	None	no
properties	Properties object for overriding the default Azure configuration. See below for more information.	None	No (defaults will be used if not given)

Note that the Azure input source skips all empty objects only when prefixes is specified.

The objects property can one of the following:

Property	Description	Default	Required
bucket	Name of the Azure Blob Storage or Azure Data Lake storage account	None	yes
path	The container and path where data is located.	None	yes

The properties property can be one of the following:

sharedAccessStorageToken
key
appRegistrationClientId, appRegistrationClientSecret, and tenantId
empty

Property	Description	Default	Required
sharedAccessStorageToken	The plain text string of this Azure Blob Storage Shared Access Token	None	No
key	The root key of Azure Blob Storage Account	None	no
appRegistrationClientId	The client ID of the Azure App registration to authenticate as	None	No
appRegistrationClientSecret	The client secret of the Azure App registration to authenticate as	None	Yes if `appRegistrationClientId` is provided
tenantId	The tenant ID of the Azure App registration to authenticate as	None	Yes if `appRegistrationClientId` is provided

Show the deprecated 'azure' input source

Note that the deprecated azure input source doesn't support specifying which storage account to ingest from. We recommend using the azureStorage instead.

Sample specs:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "azure",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "uris": ["azure://container/prefix1/file.json", "azure://container/prefix2/file2.json"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "azure",
        "objectGlob": "**.parquet",
        "prefixes": ["azure://container/prefix1/", "azure://container/prefix2/"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "azure",
        "objectGlob": "**.json",
        "objects": [
          { "bucket": "container", "path": "prefix1/file1.json"},
          { "bucket": "container", "path": "prefix2/file2.json"}
        ]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set the value to `azure`.	None	yes
uris	JSON array of URIs where the Azure objects to be ingested are located, in the form `azure://<container>/<path-to-file>`	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
prefixes	JSON array of URI prefixes for the locations of Azure objects to ingest, in the form `azure://<container>/<prefix>`. Empty objects starting with one of the given prefixes are skipped.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
objects	JSON array of Azure objects to ingest.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` or `objects` must be set
objectGlob	A glob for the object part of the Azure URI. In the URI `azure://foo/bar/file.json`, the glob is applied to `bar/file.json`. The glob must match the entire object part, not just the filename. For example, the glob `.json` does not match `azure://foo/bar/file.json`, because the object part is `bar/file.json`, and the`` does not match the slash. To match all objects ending in `.json`, use `**.json` instead. For more information, refer to the documentation for `FileSystem#getPathMatcher`.	None	no
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (Azure blob URI starting with `azure://`), `__file_bucket` (Azure bucket), and `__file_path` (Azure object path).	None	no

Note that the Azure input source skips all empty objects only when prefixes is specified.

The objects property is:

Property	Description	Default	Required
bucket	Name of the Azure Blob Storage or Azure Data Lake container	None	yes
path	The path where data is located.	None	yes

HDFS input source

:::info You need to include the druid-hdfs-storage as an extension to use the HDFS input source. :::

The HDFS input source is to support reading files directly from HDFS storage. File paths can be specified as an HDFS URI string or a list of HDFS URI strings. The HDFS input source is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task, where each worker task of index_parallel will read one or multiple files.

Sample specs:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "hdfs",
        "paths": "hdfs://namenode_host/foo/bar/", "hdfs://namenode_host/bar/foo"
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "hdfs",
        "paths": "hdfs://namenode_host/foo/bar/", "hdfs://namenode_host/bar/foo"
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "hdfs",
        "paths": "hdfs://namenode_host/foo/bar/file.json", "hdfs://namenode_host/bar/foo/file2.json"
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "hdfs",
        "paths": ["hdfs://namenode_host/foo/bar/file.json", "hdfs://namenode_host/bar/foo/file2.json"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set the value to `hdfs`.	None	yes
paths	HDFS paths. Can be either a JSON array or comma-separated string of paths. Wildcards like `*` are supported in these paths. Empty files located under one of the given paths will be skipped.	None	yes
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (URI) and `__file_path` (path component of URI).	None	no

You can also ingest from other storage using the HDFS input source if the HDFS client supports that storage. However, if you want to ingest from cloud storage, consider using the service-specific input source for your data storage. If you want to use a non-hdfs protocol with the HDFS input source, include the protocol in druid.ingestion.hdfs.allowedProtocols. See HDFS input source security configuration for more details.

HTTP input source

The HTTP input source is to support reading files directly from remote sites via HTTP.

:::info Security notes: Ingestion tasks run under the operating system account that runs the Druid processes, for example the Indexer, Middle Manager, and Peon. This means any user who can submit an ingestion task can specify an input source referring to any location that the Druid process can access. For example, using http input source, users may have access to internal network servers.

The http input source is not limited to the HTTP or HTTPS protocols. It uses the Java URI class that supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, file, and jar protocols by default. :::

For more information about security best practices, see Security overview.

The HTTP input source is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task, where each worker task of index_parallel will read only one file. This input source does not support Split Hint Spec.

Sample specs:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "http",
        "uris": ["http://example.com/uri1", "http://example2.com/uri2"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Example with authentication fields using the DefaultPassword provider (this requires the password to be in the ingestion spec):

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "http",
        "uris": ["http://example.com/uri1", "http://example2.com/uri2"],
        "httpAuthenticationUsername": "username",
        "httpAuthenticationPassword": "password123"
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...

You can also use the other existing Druid PasswordProviders. Here is an example using the EnvironmentVariablePasswordProvider:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "http",
        "uris": ["http://example.com/uri1", "http://example2.com/uri2"],
        "httpAuthenticationUsername": "username",
        "httpAuthenticationPassword": {
          "type": "environment",
          "variable": "HTTP_INPUT_SOURCE_PW"
        }
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "json"
      },
      ...
    },
...
}

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set the value to `http`.	None	yes
uris	URIs of the input files. See below for the protocols allowed for URIs.	None	yes
httpAuthenticationUsername	Username to use for authentication with specified URIs. Can be optionally used if the URIs specified in the spec require a Basic Authentication Header.	None	no
httpAuthenticationPassword	PasswordProvider to use with specified URIs. Can be optionally used if the URIs specified in the spec require a Basic Authentication Header.	None	no
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (URI including scheme) and `__file_path` (path component of URI).	None	no

You can only use protocols listed in the druid.ingestion.http.allowedProtocols property as HTTP input sources. The http and https protocols are allowed by default. See HTTP input source security configuration for more details.

Inline input source

The Inline input source can be used to read the data inlined in its own spec. It can be used for demos or for quickly testing out parsing and schema.

Sample spec:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "inline",
        "data": "0,values,formatted\n1,as,CSV"
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "csv"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Required
type	Set the value to `inline`.	yes
data	Inlined data to ingest.	yes

Local input source

The Local input source is to support reading files directly from local storage, and is mainly intended for proof-of-concept testing. The Local input source is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task, where each worker task of index_parallel will read one or multiple files.

Sample spec:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "local",
        "filter" : "*.csv",
        "baseDir": "/data/directory",
        "files": ["/bar/foo", "/foo/bar"]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "csv"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Property	Description	Required
type	Set the value to `local`.	yes
filter	A wildcard filter for files. See here for more information. Files matching the filter criteria are considered for ingestion. Files not matching the filter criteria are ignored.	yes if `baseDir` is specified
baseDir	Directory to search recursively for files to be ingested. Empty files under the `baseDir` will be skipped.	At least one of `baseDir` or `files` should be specified
files	File paths to ingest. Some files can be ignored to avoid ingesting duplicate files if they are located under the specified `baseDir`. Empty files will be skipped.	At least one of `baseDir` or `files` should be specified
systemFields	JSON array of system fields to return as part of input rows. Possible values: `__file_uri` (File URI starting with `file:`) and `__file_path` (file path).	None

Druid input source

The Druid input source is to support reading data directly from existing Druid segments, potentially using a new schema and changing the name, dimensions, metrics, rollup, etc. of the segment. The Druid input source is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task. This input source has a fixed input format for reading from Druid segments; no inputFormat field needs to be specified in the ingestion spec when using this input source.

Property	Description	Required
type	Set the value to `druid`.	yes
dataSource	A String defining the Druid datasource to fetch rows from	yes
interval	A String representing an ISO-8601 interval, which defines the time range to fetch the data over.	yes
filter	See Filters. Only rows that match the filter, if specified, will be returned.	no

The Druid input source can be used for a variety of purposes, including:

Creating new datasources that are rolled-up copies of existing datasources.
Changing the partitioning or sorting of a datasource to improve performance.
Updating or removing rows using a transformSpec.

When using the Druid input source, the timestamp column shows up as a numeric field named __time set to the number of milliseconds since the epoch (January 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC). It is common to use this in the timestampSpec, if you want the output timestamp to be equivalent to the input timestamp. In this case, set the timestamp column to __time and the format to auto or millis.

It is OK for the input and output datasources to be the same. In this case, newly generated data will overwrite the previous data for the intervals specified in the granularitySpec. Generally, if you are going to do this, it is a good idea to test out your reindexing by writing to a separate datasource before overwriting your main one. Alternatively, if your goals can be satisfied by compaction, consider that instead as a simpler approach.

An example task spec is shown below. It reads from a hypothetical raw datasource wikipedia_raw and creates a new rolled-up datasource wikipedia_rollup by grouping on hour, "countryName", and "page".

{
  "type": "index_parallel",
  "spec": {
    "dataSchema": {
      "dataSource": "wikipedia_rollup",
      "timestampSpec": {
        "column": "__time",
        "format": "millis"
      },
      "dimensionsSpec": {
        "dimensions": [
          "countryName",
          "page"
        ]
      },
      "metricsSpec": [
        {
          "type": "count",
          "name": "cnt"
        }
      ],
      "granularitySpec": {
        "type": "uniform",
        "queryGranularity": "HOUR",
        "segmentGranularity": "DAY",
        "intervals": ["2016-06-27/P1D"],
        "rollup": true
      }
    },
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "druid",
        "dataSource": "wikipedia_raw",
        "interval": "2016-06-27/P1D"
      }
    },
    "tuningConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "partitionsSpec": {
        "type": "hashed"
      },
      "forceGuaranteedRollup": true,
      "maxNumConcurrentSubTasks": 1
    }
  }
}

:::info Note: Older versions (0.19 and earlier) did not respect the timestampSpec when using the Druid input source. If you have ingestion specs that rely on this and cannot rewrite them, set druid.indexer.task.ignoreTimestampSpecForDruidInputSource to true to enable a compatibility mode where the timestampSpec is ignored. :::

The secondary partitioning method determines the requisite number of concurrent worker tasks that run in parallel to complete ingestion with the Combining input source. Set this value in maxNumConcurrentSubTasks in tuningConfig based on the secondary partitioning method:

range or single_dim partitioning: greater than or equal to 1
hashed or dynamic partitioning: greater than or equal to 2

For more information on the maxNumConcurrentSubTasks field, see Implementation considerations.

SQL input source

The SQL input source is used to read data directly from RDBMS. The SQL input source is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task, where each worker task will read from one SQL query from the list of queries. This input source does not support Split Hint Spec. Since this input source has a fixed input format for reading events, no inputFormat field needs to be specified in the ingestion spec when using this input source. Please refer to the Recommended practices section below before using this input source.

Property	Description	Required
type	Set the value to `sql`.	Yes
database	Specifies the database connection details. The database type corresponds to the extension that supplies the `connectorConfig` support. The specified extension must be loaded into Druid: mysql-metadata-storage for `mysql` postgresql-metadata-storage extension for `postgresql`. You can selectively allow JDBC properties in `connectURI`. See JDBC connections security config for more details.	Yes
foldCase	Toggle case folding of database column names. This may be enabled in cases where the database returns case insensitive column names in query results.	No
sqls	List of SQL queries where each SQL query would retrieve the data to be indexed.	Yes

The following is an example of an SQL input source spec:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "sql",
        "database": {
            "type": "mysql",
            "connectorConfig": {
                "connectURI": "jdbc:mysql://host:port/schema",
                "user": "user",
                "password": "password"
            }
        },
        "sqls": ["SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE timestamp BETWEEN '2013-01-01 00:00:00' AND '2013-01-01 11:59:59'", "SELECT * FROM table2 WHERE timestamp BETWEEN '2013-01-01 00:00:00' AND '2013-01-01 11:59:59'"]
      }
    },
...

The spec above will read all events from two separate SQLs for the interval 2013-01-01/2013-01-02. Each of the SQL queries will be run in its own sub-task and thus for the above example, there would be two sub-tasks.

Recommended practices

Compared to the other native batch input sources, SQL input source behaves differently in terms of reading the input data. Therefore, consider the following points before using this input source in a production environment:

During indexing, each sub-task would execute one of the SQL queries and the results are stored locally on disk. The sub-tasks then proceed to read the data from these local input files and generate segments. Presently, there isn’t any restriction on the size of the generated files and this would require the MiddleManagers or Indexers to have sufficient disk capacity based on the volume of data being indexed.
Filtering the SQL queries based on the intervals specified in the granularitySpec can avoid unwanted data being retrieved and stored locally by the indexing sub-tasks. For example, if the intervals specified in the granularitySpec is ["2013-01-01/2013-01-02"] and the SQL query is SELECT * FROM table1, SqlInputSource will read all the data for table1 based on the query, even though only data between the intervals specified will be indexed into Druid.
Pagination may be used on the SQL queries to ensure that each query pulls a similar amount of data, thereby improving the efficiency of the sub-tasks.
Similar to file-based input formats, any updates to existing data will replace the data in segments specific to the intervals specified in the granularitySpec.

Combining input source

The Combining input source lets you read data from multiple input sources. It identifies the splits from delegate input sources and uses a worker task to process each split. Use the Combining input source only if all the delegates are splittable and can be used by the Parallel task.

Similar to other input sources, the Combining input source supports a single inputFormat. Delegate input sources that require an inputFormat must have the same format for input data. If you include the Druid input source, the timestamp column is stored in the __time field. To correctly combine the data from the Druid input source with another source, ensure that other delegate input sources also store the timestamp column in __time.

Property	Description	Required
type	Set the value to `combining`.	Yes
delegates	List of splittable input sources to read data from.	Yes

The following is an example of a Combining input source spec:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "combining",
        "delegates" : [
         {
          "type": "local",
          "filter" : "*.csv",
          "baseDir": "/data/directory",
          "files": ["/bar/foo", "/foo/bar"]
         },
         {
          "type": "druid",
          "dataSource": "wikipedia",
          "interval": "2013-01-01/2013-01-02"
         }
        ]
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "csv"
      },
      ...
    },
...

Iceberg input source

:::info To use the Iceberg input source, load the extension druid-iceberg-extensions. :::

You use the Iceberg input source to read data stored in the Iceberg table format. For a given table, the input source scans up to the latest Iceberg snapshot from the configured Hive catalog. Druid ingests the underlying live data files using the existing input source formats.

The Iceberg input source cannot be independent as it relies on the existing input sources to read from the data files. For example, if the warehouse associated with an Iceberg catalog is on S3, you must also load the druid-s3-extensions extension.

The following is a sample spec for a HDFS warehouse source:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "iceberg",
        "tableName": "iceberg_table",
        "namespace": "iceberg_namespace",
        "icebergCatalog": {
            "type": "hive",
            "warehousePath": "hdfs://warehouse/path",
            "catalogUri": "thrift://hive-metastore.x.com:8970",
            "catalogProperties": {
                "hive.metastore.connect.retries": "1",
                "hive.metastore.execute.setugi": "false",
                "hive.metastore.kerberos.principal": "KRB_PRINCIPAL",
                "hive.metastore.sasl.enabled": "true",
                "metastore.catalog.default": "catalog_test",
                "hadoop.security.authentication": "kerberos",
                "hadoop.security.authorization": "true"
            }
        },
        "icebergFilter": {
            "type": "interval",
            "filterColumn": "event_time",
            "intervals": [
              "2023-05-10T19:00:00.000Z/2023-05-10T20:00:00.000Z"
            ]
        },
        "warehouseSource": {
            "type": "hdfs"
        },
        "snapshotTime": "2023-06-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      },
      "inputFormat": {
        "type": "parquet"
      }
  },
      ...
},
...

The following is a sample spec for a S3 warehouse source:

...
        "ioConfig": {
          "type": "index_parallel",
          "inputSource": {
            "type": "iceberg",
            "tableName": "iceberg_table",
            "namespace": "iceberg_namespace",
            "icebergCatalog": {
              "type": "hive",
              "warehousePath": "s3://warehouse/path",
              "catalogUri": "thrift://hive-metastore.x.com:8970",
              "catalogProperties": {
                "hive.metastore.connect.retries": "1",
                "hive.metastore.execute.setugi": "false",
                "hive.metastore.kerberos.principal": "KRB_PRINCIPAL",
                "hive.metastore.sasl.enabled": "true",
                "metastore.catalog.default": "default_catalog",
                "fs.s3a.access.key" : "S3_ACCESS_KEY",
                "fs.s3a.secret.key" : "S3_SECRET_KEY",
                "fs.s3a.endpoint" : "S3_API_ENDPOINT"
              }
            },
            "icebergFilter": {
              "type": "interval",
              "filterColumn": "event_time",
              "intervals": [
                "2023-05-10T19:00:00.000Z/2023-05-10T20:00:00.000Z"
              ]
            },
            "warehouseSource": {
              "type": "s3",
              "endpointConfig": {
                "url": "teststore.aws.com",
                "signingRegion": "us-west-2a"
              },
              "clientConfig": {
                "protocol": "http",
                "disableChunkedEncoding": true,
                "enablePathStyleAccess": true,
                "forceGlobalBucketAccessEnabled": false
              },
              "properties": {
                "accessKeyId": {
                  "type": "default",
                  "password": "foo"
                },
                "secretAccessKey": {
                  "type": "default",
                  "password": "bar"
                }
              },
            }
          },
          "inputFormat": {
            "type": "parquet"
          }
        },
...
},

Property	Description	Required
type	Set the value to `iceberg`.	yes
tableName	The Iceberg table name configured in the catalog.	yes
namespace	The Iceberg namespace associated with the table.	yes
icebergFilter	The JSON Object that filters data files within a snapshot.	no
icebergCatalog	The JSON Object used to define the catalog that manages the configured Iceberg table.	yes
warehouseSource	The JSON Object that defines the native input source for reading the data files from the warehouse.	yes
snapshotTime	Timestamp in ISO8601 DateTime format that will be used to fetch the most recent snapshot as of this time.	no

Catalog Object

The catalog object supports local and hive catalog types.

The following table lists the properties of a local catalog:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `local`.	yes
warehousePath	The location of the warehouse associated with the catalog	yes
catalogProperties	Map of any additional properties that needs to be attached to the catalog	no

The following table lists the properties of a hive catalog:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `hive`.	yes
warehousePath	The location of the warehouse associated with the catalog	yes
catalogUri	The URI associated with the hive catalog	yes
catalogProperties	Map of any additional properties that needs to be attached to the catalog	no

Iceberg filter object

This input source provides the following filters: and, equals, interval, and or. You can use these filters to filter out data files from a snapshot, reducing the number of files Druid has to ingest.

equals Filter:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `equals`.	yes
filterColumn	The name of the column from the Iceberg table schema to use for filtering.	yes
filterValue	The value to filter on.	yes

interval Filter:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `interval`.	yes
filterColumn	The column name from the iceberg table schema based on which filtering needs to happen	yes
intervals	A JSON array containing ISO 8601 interval strings. This defines the time ranges to filter on. The start interval is inclusive and the end interval is exclusive.	yes

and Filter:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `and`.	yes
filters	List of iceberg filters that needs to be AND-ed	yes

or Filter:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `or`.	yes
filters	List of iceberg filters that needs to be OR-ed	yes

not Filter:

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `not`.	yes
filter	The iceberg filter on which logical NOT is applied	yes

range Filter:

Property	Description	Default	Required
type	Set this value to `range`.	None	yes
filterColumn	The column name from the iceberg table schema based on which range filtering needs to happen.	None	yes
lower	Lower bound value to match.	None	no. At least one of `lower` or `upper` must not be null.
upper	Upper bound value to match.	None	no. At least one of `lower` or `upper` must not be null.
lowerOpen	Boolean indicating if lower bound is open in the interval of values defined by the range (">" instead of ">=").	false	no
upperOpen	Boolean indicating if upper bound is open on the interval of values defined by range ("<" instead of "<=").	false	no

Delta Lake input source

:::info To use the Delta Lake input source, load the extension druid-deltalake-extensions. :::

You can use the Delta input source to read data stored in a Delta Lake table. For a given table, the input source scans the latest snapshot from the configured table. Druid ingests the underlying delta files from the table.

The following is a sample spec:

...
    "ioConfig": {
      "type": "index_parallel",
      "inputSource": {
        "type": "delta",
        "tablePath": "/delta-table/directory"
      },
    }
}

Property	Description	Required
type	Set this value to `delta`.	yes
tablePath	The location of the Delta table.	yes

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S3 input source

Google Cloud Storage input source

Azure input source

HDFS input source

HTTP input source

Inline input source

Local input source

Druid input source

SQL input source

Combining input source

Iceberg input source

Catalog Object

Iceberg filter object

Delta Lake input source

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