druid/native-batch-firehose.md at cc5964fbcb88cbd742936ba249c007900ce7c726

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id	title	sidebar_label
native-batch-firehose	JSON-based batch ingestion with firehose (Deprecated)	Firehose (deprecated)

:::info Firehose ingestion is deprecated. See Migrate from firehose to input source ingestion for instructions on migrating from firehose ingestion to using native batch ingestion input sources. :::

There are several firehoses readily available in Druid, some are meant for examples, others can be used directly in a production environment.

StaticS3Firehose

You need to include the druid-s3-extensions as an extension to use the StaticS3Firehose.

This firehose ingests events from a predefined list of S3 objects. This firehose is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task. Since each split represents an object in this firehose, each worker task of index_parallel will read an object.

Sample spec:

"firehose" : {
    "type" : "static-s3",
    "uris": ["s3://foo/bar/file.gz", "s3://bar/foo/file2.gz"]
}

This firehose provides caching and prefetching features. In the Simple task, a firehose can be read twice if intervals or shardSpecs are not specified, and, in this case, caching can be useful. Prefetching is preferred when direct scan of objects is slow. Note that prefetching or caching isn't that useful in the Parallel task.

property	description	default	required?
type	This should be `static-s3`.	None	yes
uris	JSON array of URIs where s3 files to be ingested are located.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` must be set
prefixes	JSON array of URI prefixes for the locations of s3 files to be ingested.	None	`uris` or `prefixes` must be set
maxCacheCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the cache space in bytes. 0 means disabling cache. Cached files are not removed until the ingestion task completes.	1073741824	no
maxFetchCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the fetch space in bytes. 0 means disabling prefetch. Prefetched files are removed immediately once they are read.	1073741824	no
prefetchTriggerBytes	Threshold to trigger prefetching s3 objects.	maxFetchCapacityBytes / 2	no
fetchTimeout	Timeout for fetching an s3 object.	60000	no
maxFetchRetry	Maximum retry for fetching an s3 object.	3	no

StaticGoogleBlobStoreFirehose

You need to include the druid-google-extensions as an extension to use the StaticGoogleBlobStoreFirehose.

This firehose ingests events, similar to the StaticS3Firehose, but from an Google Cloud Store.

As with the S3 blobstore, it is assumed to be gzipped if the extension ends in .gz

This firehose is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task. Since each split represents an object in this firehose, each worker task of index_parallel will read an object.

Sample spec:

"firehose" : {
    "type" : "static-google-blobstore",
    "blobs": [
        {
          "bucket": "foo",
          "path": "/path/to/your/file.json"
        },
        {
          "bucket": "bar",
          "path": "/another/path.json"
        }
    ]
}

property	description	default	required?
type	This should be `static-google-blobstore`.	None	yes
blobs	JSON array of Google Blobs.	None	yes
maxCacheCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the cache space in bytes. 0 means disabling cache. Cached files are not removed until the ingestion task completes.	1073741824	no
maxFetchCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the fetch space in bytes. 0 means disabling prefetch. Prefetched files are removed immediately once they are read.	1073741824	no
prefetchTriggerBytes	Threshold to trigger prefetching Google Blobs.	maxFetchCapacityBytes / 2	no
fetchTimeout	Timeout for fetching a Google Blob.	60000	no
maxFetchRetry	Maximum retry for fetching a Google Blob.	3	no

Google Blobs:

property	description	default	required?
bucket	Name of the Google Cloud bucket	None	yes
path	The path where data is located.	None	yes

HDFSFirehose

You need to include the druid-hdfs-storage as an extension to use the HDFSFirehose.

This firehose ingests events from a predefined list of files from the HDFS storage. This firehose is splittable and can be used by the Parallel task. Since each split represents an HDFS file, each worker task of index_parallel will read files.

Sample spec:

"firehose" : {
    "type" : "hdfs",
    "paths": "/foo/bar,/foo/baz"
}

This firehose provides caching and prefetching features. During native batch indexing, a firehose can be read twice if intervals are not specified, and, in this case, caching can be useful. Prefetching is preferred when direct scanning of files is slow. Note that prefetching or caching isn't that useful in the Parallel task.

Property	Description	Default
type	This should be `hdfs`.	none (required)
paths	HDFS paths. Can be either a JSON array or comma-separated string of paths. Wildcards like `*` are supported in these paths.	none (required)
maxCacheCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the cache space in bytes. 0 means disabling cache. Cached files are not removed until the ingestion task completes.	1073741824
maxFetchCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the fetch space in bytes. 0 means disabling prefetch. Prefetched files are removed immediately once they are read.	1073741824
prefetchTriggerBytes	Threshold to trigger prefetching files.	maxFetchCapacityBytes / 2
fetchTimeout	Timeout for fetching each file.	60000
maxFetchRetry	Maximum number of retries for fetching each file.	3

You can also ingest from other storage using the HDFS firehose if the HDFS client supports that storage. However, if you want to ingest from cloud storage, consider using the service-specific input source for your data storage. If you want to use a non-hdfs protocol with the HDFS firehose, you need to include the protocol you want in druid.ingestion.hdfs.allowedProtocols. See HDFS firehose security configuration for more details.

LocalFirehose

This Firehose can be used to read the data from files on local disk, and is mainly intended for proof-of-concept testing, and works with string typed parsers. This Firehose is splittable and can be used by native parallel index tasks. Since each split represents a file in this Firehose, each worker task of index_parallel will read a file. A sample local Firehose spec is shown below:

{
    "type": "local",
    "filter" : "*.csv",
    "baseDir": "/data/directory"
}

property	description	required?
type	This should be "local".	yes
filter	A wildcard filter for files. See here for more information.	yes
baseDir	directory to search recursively for files to be ingested.	yes

HttpFirehose

This Firehose can be used to read the data from remote sites via HTTP, and works with string typed parsers. This Firehose is splittable and can be used by native parallel index tasks. Since each split represents a file in this Firehose, each worker task of index_parallel will read a file. A sample HTTP Firehose spec is shown below:

{
    "type": "http",
    "uris": ["http://example.com/uri1", "http://example2.com/uri2"]
}

You can only use protocols listed in the druid.ingestion.http.allowedProtocols property as HTTP firehose input sources. The http and https protocols are allowed by default. See HTTP firehose security configuration for more details.

The below configurations can be optionally used if the URIs specified in the spec require a Basic Authentication Header. Omitting these fields from your spec will result in HTTP requests with no Basic Authentication Header.

property	description	default
httpAuthenticationUsername	Username to use for authentication with specified URIs	None
httpAuthenticationPassword	PasswordProvider to use with specified URIs	None

Example with authentication fields using the DefaultPassword provider (this requires the password to be in the ingestion spec):

{
    "type": "http",
    "uris": ["http://example.com/uri1", "http://example2.com/uri2"],
    "httpAuthenticationUsername": "username",
    "httpAuthenticationPassword": "password123"
}

You can also use the other existing Druid PasswordProviders. Here is an example using the EnvironmentVariablePasswordProvider:

{
    "type": "http",
    "uris": ["http://example.com/uri1", "http://example2.com/uri2"],
    "httpAuthenticationUsername": "username",
    "httpAuthenticationPassword": {
        "type": "environment",
        "variable": "HTTP_FIREHOSE_PW"
    }
}

The below configurations can optionally be used for tuning the Firehose performance. Note that prefetching or caching isn't that useful in the Parallel task.

property	description	default
maxCacheCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the cache space in bytes. 0 means disabling cache. Cached files are not removed until the ingestion task completes.	1073741824
maxFetchCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the fetch space in bytes. 0 means disabling prefetch. Prefetched files are removed immediately once they are read.	1073741824
prefetchTriggerBytes	Threshold to trigger prefetching HTTP objects.	maxFetchCapacityBytes / 2
fetchTimeout	Timeout for fetching an HTTP object.	60000
maxFetchRetry	Maximum retries for fetching an HTTP object.	3

IngestSegmentFirehose

This Firehose can be used to read the data from existing druid segments, potentially using a new schema and changing the name, dimensions, metrics, rollup, etc. of the segment. This Firehose is splittable and can be used by native parallel index tasks. This firehose will accept any type of parser, but will only utilize the list of dimensions and the timestamp specification. A sample ingest Firehose spec is shown below:

{
    "type": "ingestSegment",
    "dataSource": "wikipedia",
    "interval": "2013-01-01/2013-01-02"
}

property	description	required?
type	This should be "ingestSegment".	yes
dataSource	A String defining the data source to fetch rows from, very similar to a table in a relational database	yes
interval	A String representing the ISO-8601 interval. This defines the time range to fetch the data over.	yes
dimensions	The list of dimensions to select. If left empty, no dimensions are returned. If left null or not defined, all dimensions are returned.	no
metrics	The list of metrics to select. If left empty, no metrics are returned. If left null or not defined, all metrics are selected.	no
filter	See Filters	no
maxInputSegmentBytesPerTask	Deprecated. Use Segments Split Hint Spec instead. When used with the native parallel index task, the maximum number of bytes of input segments to process in a single task. If a single segment is larger than this number, it will be processed by itself in a single task (input segments are never split across tasks). Defaults to 150MB.	no

SqlFirehose

This Firehose can be used to ingest events residing in an RDBMS. The database connection information is provided as part of the ingestion spec. For each query, the results are fetched locally and indexed. If there are multiple queries from which data needs to be indexed, queries are prefetched in the background, up to maxFetchCapacityBytes bytes. This Firehose is splittable and can be used by native parallel index tasks. This firehose will accept any type of parser, but will only utilize the list of dimensions and the timestamp specification. See the extension documentation for more detailed ingestion examples.

Requires one of the following extensions:

{
    "type": "sql",
    "database": {
        "type": "mysql",
        "connectorConfig": {
            "connectURI": "jdbc:mysql://host:port/schema",
            "user": "user",
            "password": "password"
        }
     },
    "sqls": ["SELECT * FROM table1", "SELECT * FROM table2"]
}

property	description	default	required?
type	This should be "sql".		Yes
database	Specifies the database connection details. The database type corresponds to the extension that supplies the `connectorConfig` support. The specified extension must be loaded into Druid: mysql-metadata-storage for `mysql` postgresql-metadata-storage extension for `postgresql`. You can selectively allow JDBC properties in `connectURI`. See JDBC connections security config for more details.		Yes
maxCacheCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the cache space in bytes. 0 means disabling cache. Cached files are not removed until the ingestion task completes.	1073741824	No
maxFetchCapacityBytes	Maximum size of the fetch space in bytes. 0 means disabling prefetch. Prefetched files are removed immediately once they are read.	1073741824	No
prefetchTriggerBytes	Threshold to trigger prefetching SQL result objects.	maxFetchCapacityBytes / 2	No
fetchTimeout	Timeout for fetching the result set.	60000	No
foldCase	Toggle case folding of database column names. This may be enabled in cases where the database returns case insensitive column names in query results.	false	No
sqls	List of SQL queries where each SQL query would retrieve the data to be indexed.		Yes

Database

property	description	default	required?
type	The type of database to query. Valid values are `mysql` and `postgresql`_		Yes
connectorConfig	Specify the database connection properties via `connectURI`, `user` and `password`		Yes

InlineFirehose

This Firehose can be used to read the data inlined in its own spec. It can be used for demos or for quickly testing out parsing and schema, and works with string typed parsers. A sample inline Firehose spec is shown below:

{
    "type": "inline",
    "data": "0,values,formatted\n1,as,CSV"
}

property	description	required?
type	This should be "inline".	yes
data	Inlined data to ingest.	yes

CombiningFirehose

This Firehose can be used to combine and merge data from a list of different Firehoses.

{
    "type": "combining",
    "delegates": [ { firehose1 }, { firehose2 }, ... ]
}

property	description	required?
type	This should be "combining"	yes
delegates	List of Firehoses to combine data from	yes

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StaticS3Firehose

StaticGoogleBlobStoreFirehose

HDFSFirehose

LocalFirehose

HttpFirehose

IngestSegmentFirehose

SqlFirehose

Database

InlineFirehose

CombiningFirehose

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