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Transforming Dimension Values

The following JSON fields can be used in a query to operate on dimension values.

DimensionSpec

DimensionSpecs define how dimension values get transformed prior to aggregation.

Default DimensionSpec

Returns dimension values as is and optionally renames the dimension.

{ "type" : "default", "dimension" : <dimension>, "outputName": <output_name> }

Extraction DimensionSpec

Returns dimension values transformed using the given extraction function.

{
  "type" : "extraction",
  "dimension" : <dimension>,
  "outputName" :  <output_name>,
  "extractionFn" : <extraction_function>
}

Extraction Functions

Extraction functions define the transformation applied to each dimension value.

Transformations can be applied to both regular (string) dimensions, as well as the special __time dimension, which represents the current time bucket according to the query aggregation granularity.

Note: for functions taking string values (such as regular expressions), __time dimension values will be formatted in ISO-8601 format before getting passed to the extraction function.

Regular Expression Extraction Function

Returns the first matching group for the given regular expression. If there is no match, it returns the dimension value as is.

{ "type" : "regex", "expr" : <regular_expression> }

For example, using "expr" : "(\\w\\w\\w).*" will transform 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday' into 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed'.

Partial Extraction Function

Returns the dimension value unchanged if the regular expression matches, otherwise returns null.

{ "type" : "partial", "expr" : <regular_expression> }

Search Query Extraction Function

Returns the dimension value unchanged if the given SearchQuerySpec matches, otherwise returns null.

{ "type" : "searchQuery", "query" : <search_query_spec> }

Time Format Extraction Function

Returns the dimension value formatted according to the given format string, time zone, and locale.

For __time dimension values, this formats the time value bucketed by the aggregation granularity

For a regular dimension, it assumes the string is formatted in ISO-8601 date and time format.

format : date time format for the resulting dimension value, in Joda Time DateTimeFormat.
locale : locale (language and country) to use, given as a IETF BCP 47 language tag, e.g. en-US, en-GB, fr-FR, fr-CA, etc.
timeZone : time zone to use in IANA tz database format, e.g. Europe/Berlin (this can possibly be different than the aggregation time-zone)

{ "type" : "timeFormat",
  "format" : <output_format>,
  "timeZone" : <time_zone> (optional),
  "locale" : <locale> (optional) }

For example, the following dimension spec returns the day of the week for Montréal in French:

{
  "type" : "extraction",
  "dimension" : "__time",
  "outputName" :  "dayOfWeek",
  "extractionFn" : {
    "type" : "timeFormat",
    "format" : "EEEE",
    "timeZone" : "America/Montreal",
    "locale" : "fr"
  }
}

Time Parsing Extraction Function

Parses dimension values as timestamps using the given input format, and returns them formatted using the given output format.

Note, if you are working with the __time dimension, you should consider using the time extraction function instead instead, which works on time value directly as opposed to string values.

Time formats are described in the SimpleDateFormat documentation

{ "type" : "time",
  "timeFormat" : <input_format>,
  "resultFormat" : <output_format> }

Javascript Extraction Function

Returns the dimension value, as transformed by the given JavaScript function.

For regular dimensions, the input value is passed as a string.

For the __time dimension, the input value is passed as a number representing the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970 UTC.

Example for a regular dimension

{
  "type" : "javascript",
  "function" : "function(str) { return str.substr(0, 3); }"
}

{
  "type" : "javascript",
  "function" : "function(str) { return str + '!!!'; }",
  "injective" : true
}

A property of injective specifies if the javascript function preserves uniqueness. The default value is false meaning uniqueness is not preserved

Example for the __time dimension:

{
  "type" : "javascript",
  "function" : "function(t) { return 'Second ' + Math.floor((t % 60000) / 1000); }"
}

Lookup lookup extraction function

Explicit lookups allow you to specify a set of keys and values to use when performing the extraction

{
  "type":"lookup",
  "lookup":{
    "type":"map",
    "map":{"foo":"bar", "baz":"bat"}
  },
  "retainMissingValue":true,
  "injective":true
}

{
  "type":"lookup",
  "lookup":{
    "type":"map",
    "map":{"foo":"bar", "baz":"bat"}
  },
  "retainMissingValue":false,
  "injective":false,
  "replaceMissingValueWith":"MISSING"
}

{
  "type":"lookup",
  "lookup":{"type":"namespace","namespace":"some_lookup"},
  "replaceMissingValueWith":"Unknown",
  "injective":false
}

{
  "type":"lookup",
  "lookup":{"type":"namespace","namespace":"some_lookup"},
  "retainMissingValue":true,
  "injective":false
}

A lookup can be of type namespace or map. A map lookup is passed as part of the query. A namespace lookup is populated on all the nodes which handle queries as per lookups

A property of retainMissingValue and replaceMissingValueWith can be specified at query time to hint how to handle missing values. Setting replaceMissingValueWith to "" has the same effect of setting it to null or omitting the property. Setting retainMissingValue to true will use the dimension's original value if it is not found in the lookup. The default values are replaceMissingValueWith = null and retainMissingValue = false which causes missing values to be treated as missing.

It is illegal to set retainMissingValue = true and also specify a replaceMissingValueWith

A property of injective specifies if optimizations can be used which assume there is no combining of multiple names into one. For example: If ABC123 is the only key that maps to SomeCompany, that can be optimized since it is a unique lookup. But if both ABC123 and DEF456 BOTH map to SomeCompany, then that is NOT a unique lookup. Setting this value to true and setting retainMissingValue to FALSE (the default) may cause undesired behavior.

A null dimension value can be mapped to a specific value by specifying the empty string as the key. This allows distinguishing between a null dimension and a lookup resulting in a null. For example, specifying {"":"bar","bat":"baz"} with dimension values [null, "foo", "bat"] and replacing missing values with "oof" will yield results of ["bar", "oof", "baz"]. Omitting the empty string key will cause the missing value to take over. For example, specifying {"bat":"baz"} with dimension values [null, "foo", "bat"] and replacing missing values with "oof" will yield results of ["oof", "oof", "baz"].

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