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Updating Existing Data

Once you ingest some data in a dataSource for an interval and create Druid segments, you might want to make changes to the ingested data. There are several ways this can be done.

Updating Dimension Values

If you have a dimension where values need to be updated frequently, try first using lookups. A classic use case of lookups is when you have an ID dimension stored in a Druid segment, and want to map the ID dimension to a human-readable String value that may need to be updated periodically.

Rebuilding Segments (Reindexing)

If lookups are not sufficient, you can entirely rebuild Druid segments for specific intervals of time. Rebuilding a segment is known as reindexing the data. For example, if you want to add or remove columns from your existing segments, or you want to change the rollup granularity of your segments, you will have to reindex your data.

We recommend keeping a copy of your raw data around in case you ever need to reindex your data.

Dealing with Delayed Events (Delta Ingestion)

If you have a batch ingestion pipeline and have delayed events come in and want to append these events to existing segments and avoid the overhead of rebuilding new segments with reindexing, you can use delta ingestion.

Reindexing and Delta Ingestion with Hadoop Batch Ingestion

This section assumes the reader understands how to do batch ingestion using Hadoop. See batch-ingestion for more information. Hadoop batch-ingestion can be used for reindexing and delta ingestion.

Druid uses an inputSpec in the ioConfig to know where the data to be ingested is located and how to read it. For simple Hadoop batch ingestion, static or granularity spec types allow you to read data stored in deep storage.

There are other types of inputSpec to enable reindexing and delta ingestion.

`dataSource`

This is a type of inputSpec that reads data already stored inside Druid. This is used to allow "re-indexing" data and for "delta-ingestion" described later in multi type inputSpec.

Field	Type	Description	Required
type	String.	This should always be 'dataSource'.	yes
ingestionSpec	JSON object.	Specification of Druid segments to be loaded. See below.	yes
maxSplitSize	Number	Enables combining multiple segments into single Hadoop InputSplit according to size of segments. With -1, druid calculates max split size based on user specified number of map task(mapred.map.tasks or mapreduce.job.maps). By default, one split is made for one segment.	no
useNewAggs	Boolean	If "false", then list of aggregators in "metricsSpec" of hadoop indexing task must be same as that used in original indexing task while ingesting raw data. Default value is "false". This field can be set to "true" when "inputSpec" type is "dataSource" and not "multi" to enable arbitrary aggregators while reindexing. See below for "multi" type support for delta-ingestion.	no

Here is what goes inside ingestionSpec:

Field	Type	Description	Required
dataSource	String	Druid dataSource name from which you are loading the data.	yes
intervals	List	A list of strings representing ISO-8601 Intervals.	yes
segments	List	List of segments from which to read data from, by default it is obtained automatically. You can obtain list of segments to put here by making a POST query to coordinator at url /druid/coordinator/v1/metadata/datasources/segments?full with list of intervals specified in the request paylod e.g. ["2012-01-01T00:00:00.000/2012-01-03T00:00:00.000", "2012-01-05T00:00:00.000/2012-01-07T00:00:00.000"]. You may want to provide this list manually in order to ensure that segments read are exactly same as they were at the time of task submission, task would fail if the list provided by the user does not match with state of database when the task actually runs.	no
filter	JSON	See Filters	no
dimensions	Array of String	Name of dimension columns to load. By default, the list will be constructed from parseSpec. If parseSpec does not have an explicit list of dimensions then all the dimension columns present in stored data will be read.	no
metrics	Array of String	Name of metric columns to load. By default, the list will be constructed from the "name" of all the configured aggregators.	no
ignoreWhenNoSegments	boolean	Whether to ignore this ingestionSpec if no segments were found. Default behavior is to throw error when no segments were found.	no

For example

"ioConfig" : {
  "type" : "hadoop",
  "inputSpec" : {
    "type" : "dataSource",
    "ingestionSpec" : {
      "dataSource": "wikipedia",
      "intervals": ["2014-10-20T00:00:00Z/P2W"]
    }
  },
  ...
}

`multi`

This is a composing inputSpec to combine other inputSpecs. This inputSpec is used for delta ingestion. Please note that you can have only one dataSource as child of multi inputSpec. Note that, "useNewAggs" must be set to default value false to support delta-ingestion.

Field	Type	Description	Required
children	Array of JSON objects	List of JSON objects containing other inputSpecs.	yes

For example:

"ioConfig" : {
  "type" : "hadoop",
  "inputSpec" : {
    "type" : "multi",
    "children": [
      {
        "type" : "dataSource",
        "ingestionSpec" : {
          "dataSource": "wikipedia",
          "intervals": ["2012-01-01T00:00:00.000/2012-01-03T00:00:00.000", "2012-01-05T00:00:00.000/2012-01-07T00:00:00.000"],
          "segments": [
            {
              "dataSource": "test1",
              "interval": "2012-01-01T00:00:00.000/2012-01-03T00:00:00.000",
              "version": "v2",
              "loadSpec": {
                "type": "local",
                "path": "/tmp/index1.zip"
              },
              "dimensions": "host",
              "metrics": "visited_sum,unique_hosts",
              "shardSpec": {
                "type": "none"
              },
              "binaryVersion": 9,
              "size": 2,
              "identifier": "test1_2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z_3000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z_v2"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "type" : "static",
        "paths": "/path/to/more/wikipedia/data/"
      }
    ]  
  },
  ...
}

It is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide list of segments in dataSource inputSpec explicitly so that your delta ingestion task is idempotent. You can obtain that list of segments by making following call to the coordinator. POST /druid/coordinator/v1/metadata/datasources/{dataSourceName}/segments?full Request Body: [interval1, interval2,...] for example ["2012-01-01T00:00:00.000/2012-01-03T00:00:00.000", "2012-01-05T00:00:00.000/2012-01-07T00:00:00.000"]

Reindexing without Hadoop Batch Ingestion

This section assumes the reader understands how to do batch ingestion without Hadoop using the IndexTask,
which uses a "firehose" to know where and how to read the input data. IngestSegmentFirehose can be used to read data from segments inside Druid. Note that IndexTask is to be used for prototyping purposes only as it has to do all processing inside a single process and can't scale. Please use Hadoop batch ingestion for production scenarios dealing with more than 1GB of data.

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