spring-security/docs/modules/ROOT/pages/reactive/oauth2/resource-server/multitenancy.adoc

= OAuth 2.0 Resource Server Multi-tenancy

[[webflux-oauth2resourceserver-multitenancy]]
== Multi-tenancy

A resource server is considered multi-tenant when there are multiple strategies for verifying a bearer token, keyed by some tenant identifier.

For example, your resource server may accept bearer tokens from two different authorization servers.
Or, your authorization server may represent a multiplicity of issuers.

In each case, there are two things that need to be done and trade-offs associated with how you choose to do them:

1. Resolve the tenant
2. Propagate the tenant

=== Resolving the Tenant By Claim

One way to differentiate tenants is by the issuer claim. Since the issuer claim accompanies signed JWTs, this can be done with the `JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver`, like so:

====
.Java
[source,java,role="primary"]
----
JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver authenticationManagerResolver = new JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver
    ("https://idp.example.org/issuerOne", "https://idp.example.org/issuerTwo");

http
    .authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
        .anyExchange().authenticated()
    )
    .oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2
        .authenticationManagerResolver(authenticationManagerResolver)
    );
----

.Kotlin
[source,kotlin,role="secondary"]
----
val customAuthenticationManagerResolver = JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver("https://idp.example.org/issuerOne", "https://idp.example.org/issuerTwo")

return http {
    authorizeExchange {
        authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
    }
    oauth2ResourceServer {
        authenticationManagerResolver = customAuthenticationManagerResolver
    }
}
----
====

This is nice because the issuer endpoints are loaded lazily.
In fact, the corresponding `JwtReactiveAuthenticationManager` is instantiated only when the first request with the corresponding issuer is sent.
This allows for an application startup that is independent from those authorization servers being up and available.

==== Dynamic Tenants

Of course, you may not want to restart the application each time a new tenant is added.
In this case, you can configure the `JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver` with a repository of `ReactiveAuthenticationManager` instances, which you can edit at runtime, like so:

====
.Java
[source,java,role="primary"]
----
private Mono<ReactiveAuthenticationManager> addManager(
		Map<String, ReactiveAuthenticationManager> authenticationManagers, String issuer) {

	return Mono.fromCallable(() -> ReactiveJwtDecoders.fromIssuerLocation(issuer))
            .subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
            .map(JwtReactiveAuthenticationManager::new)
            .doOnNext(authenticationManager -> authenticationManagers.put(issuer, authenticationManager));
}

// ...

JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver authenticationManagerResolver =
        new JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver(authenticationManagers::get);

http
    .authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
        .anyExchange().authenticated()
    )
    .oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2
        .authenticationManagerResolver(authenticationManagerResolver)
    );
----

.Kotlin
[source,kotlin,role="secondary"]
----
private fun addManager(
        authenticationManagers: MutableMap<String, ReactiveAuthenticationManager>, issuer: String): Mono<JwtReactiveAuthenticationManager> {
    return Mono.fromCallable { ReactiveJwtDecoders.fromIssuerLocation(issuer) }
            .subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
            .map { jwtDecoder: ReactiveJwtDecoder -> JwtReactiveAuthenticationManager(jwtDecoder) }
            .doOnNext { authenticationManager: JwtReactiveAuthenticationManager -> authenticationManagers[issuer] = authenticationManager }
}

// ...

var customAuthenticationManagerResolver = JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver(authenticationManagers::get)
return http {
    authorizeExchange {
        authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
    }
    oauth2ResourceServer {
        authenticationManagerResolver = customAuthenticationManagerResolver
    }
}
----
====

In this case, you construct `JwtIssuerReactiveAuthenticationManagerResolver` with a strategy for obtaining the `ReactiveAuthenticationManager` given the issuer.
This approach allows us to add and remove elements from the repository (shown as a `Map` in the snippet) at runtime.

NOTE: It would be unsafe to simply take any issuer and construct an `ReactiveAuthenticationManager` from it.
The issuer should be one that the code can verify from a trusted source like an allowed list of issuers.