angular-cn/public/docs/ts/latest/tutorial/toh-pt3.jade

include ../_util-fns

:marked
  The `AppComponent` is doing _everything_ at the moment.
  In the beginning, it showed details of a single hero.
  Then it became a master/detail form with both a list of heroes and the hero detail.
  Soon there will be new requirements and capabilities.
  You can't keep piling features on top of features in one component; that's not maintainable.
  
  此刻，`AppComponent`负责*所有事*。
  起初，它只显示单个英雄的详情。然后，它变成了主从结构，同时显示英雄列表和一个英雄详情。
  现在，我们很快又会有新需求了。
  我们不能把这些需求全都放在一个组件中，否则将不可维护。

  You'll need to break it up into sub-components, each focused on a specific task or workflow.
  Eventually, the `AppComponent` could become a simple shell that hosts those sub-components.
  
  我们要把它拆分成一些子组件，每个子组件只聚焦在一个特定的任务或工作流上。
  最后，`AppComponent`将会变成一个简单的壳，用来作为那些子组件的宿主。

  In this page, you'll take the first step in that direction by carving out the hero details into a separate, reusable component.
  When you're done, the app should look like this <live-example></live-example>.

  本章中，我们要做的第一步就是把英雄详情拆分到一个独立的、可复用的组件中。
  做完这些，应用看起来是这样的：<live-example>在线例子</live-example>。

.l-main-section
:marked
  ## Where you left off

  ## 延续上一步教程

  Before getting started on this page, verify that you have the following structure from earlier in the Tour of Heroes.
  If not, go back to the previous pages.

  在继续《英雄指南》之前，先检查一下，是否已经有了如下目录结构。如果没有，回上一章，看看错过了哪里。

.filetree
  .file angular-tour-of-heroes
  .children
    .file src
    .children
      .file app
      .children
        .file app.component.ts
        .file app.module.ts
      .file main.ts
      .file index.html
      .file styles.css
      .file systemjs.config.js
      .file tsconfig.json
    .file node_modules ...
    .file package.json
:marked
  Keep the app transpiling and running while you build the Tour of Heroes
  by entering the `npm start` command in a terminal window
  [as you did before](toh-pt1.html#keep-transpiling "Keep the app running").
  
  [像以前一样](toh-pt1.html#keep-transpiling "Keep the app running")，在终端窗口中输入`npm start`命令，以便在构建《英雄指南》时保持持续转译和运行。

  ## Make a hero detail component
  
  ## 制作英雄详情组件
  
  Add a file named `hero-detail.component.ts` to the `app/` folder.
  This file will hold the new `HeroDetailComponent`.
  
  往`app/`文件夹下添加一个名叫`hero-detail.component.ts`的文件。这个文件中会存放这个新的`HeroDetailComponent`。
  
  The file and component names follow the standard described in the Angular
  [style guide](../guide/style-guide.html#naming).
  
  文件名和组件名遵循[风格指南](../guide/style-guide.html#naming)中的标准方式。

  * The component _class_ name should be written in _upper camel case_ and end in the word "Component".
  The hero detail component class is `HeroDetailComponent`.
  
    组件的类名应该是*大驼峰形式*，并且以`Component`结尾。
    因此英雄详情组件的类名是`HeroDetailComponent`。

  * The component _file_ name should be spelled in [_lower dash case_](../guide/glossary.html#dash-case),
  each word separated by dashes, and end in `.component.ts`.
  The `HeroDetailComponent` class goes in the `hero-detail.component.ts` file.
  
    组件的文件名应该是[小写中线形式](../guide/glossary.html#dash-case)，每个单词之间用中线分隔，并且以`.component.ts`结尾。
    因此`HeroDetailComponent`类应该放在`hero-detail.component.ts`文件中。

  Start writing the `HeroDetailComponent` as follows:
  
  `HeroDetailComponent`的代码如下：

+makeExample('toh-3/ts/app/hero-detail.component.1.ts', 'v1', 'app/hero-detail.component.ts (initial version)')(format=".")

a#selector
:marked
  To define a component, you always import the `Component` symbol.
  
  要定义一个组件，我们总是要先导入符号`Component`。

  The `@Component` decorator provides the Angular metadata for the component.
  The CSS selector name, `hero-detail`, will match the element tag
  that identifies this component within a parent component's template.
  [Near the end of this tutorial page](#add-hero-detail "Add the HeroDetailComponent to the AppComponent"),
  you'll add a `<hero-detail>` element to the `AppComponent` template.
  
  `@Component`装饰器为组件提供了Angular元数据。
  CSS选择器的名字`hero-detail`会匹配元素的标签名，用于在父组件的模板中标记出当前组件的位置。
  [本章的最后](#add-hero-detail "Add the HeroDetailComponent to the AppComponent")，我们会把`<hero-detail>`添加到`AppComponent`的模板中。

  Always `export` the component class because you'll always `import` it elsewhere.
  
  总是`export`这个组件类，因为你必然会在别处`import`它。
  
:marked
  ### Hero detail template
  
  ### 英雄详情的模板
  
  To move the hero detail view to the `HeroDetailComponent`,
  cut the hero detail _content_ from the bottom of the `AppComponent` template
  and paste it into a new `template` property in the `@Component` metadata.
  
  要把英雄详情的视图移入`HeroDetailComponent`，只要把英雄详情的 *内容* 从`AppComponent`模板的底部剪切出来，
  粘贴到`@Component`元数据的`template`属性中就可以了。

  The `HeroDetailComponent` has a _hero_, not a _selected hero_.
  Replace the word, "selectedHero", with the word, "hero", everywhere in the template.
  When you're done, the new template should look like this:
  
  `HeroDetailComponent`有一个 `hero`属性，而不再是`selectedHero`。
  所以我们也要在模板中把所有的`selectedHero`替换为`hero`。
  这些完成之后，新的模板是这样的：

+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'template', 'src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (template)')(format=".")


:marked
  ### Add the *hero* property
  
  ### 添加`hero`属性

  The `HeroDetailComponent` template binds to the component's `hero` property.
  Add that property to the `HeroDetailComponent` class like this:
  
  `HeroDetailComponent`模板绑定到了该组件的`hero`属性上。
  把这个属性添加到`HeroDetailComponent`类上，就像这样：
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/app/hero-detail.component.1.ts', 'hero', 'src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (hero property)')

:marked
  The `hero` property is typed as an instance of `Hero`.
  The `Hero` class is still in the `app.component.ts` file.
  Now there are two components that need to reference the `Hero` class.
  The Angular [style guide](../guide/style-guide.html#rule-of-one "Style guide: rule of one") recommends one class per file anyway.
  
  `hero`属性的类型是`Hero`。
  `Hero`类仍然在`app.component.ts`文件中。
  现在，有两个组件需要`Hero`类的引用。
  而Angular[风格指南](../guide/style-guide.html#rule-of-one "Style guide: rule of one")建议每个文件中只有一个类。

  Move the `Hero` class from `app.component.ts` to its own `hero.ts` file.
  
  因此我们要把`Hero`类从`app.component.ts`移到它自己的`hero.ts`文件中：

+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/hero.ts', '', 'src/app/hero.ts')(format=".")

:marked
  Now that the `Hero` class is in its own file, the `AppComponent` and the `HeroDetailComponent` have to import it.
  Add the following `import` statement near the top of _both_ the `app.component.ts` and the `hero-detail.component.ts` files.
  
  现在，`Hero`类有了自己的文件，`AppComponent` 和 `HeroDetailComponent` 就要`import`它了。
  把下列`import`语句添加到`app.component.ts`和`hero-detail.component.ts`文件的顶部。
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/app/hero-detail.component.1.ts', 'hero-import')

:marked
  ### The *hero* property is an *input* property
  
  ### *hero*属性是一个***输入***属性

  [Later in this page](#add-hero-detail "Add the HeroDetailComponent to the AppComponent"),
  the parent `AppComponent` will tell the child `HeroDetailComponent` which hero to display
  by binding its `selectedHero` to the `hero` property of the `HeroDetailComponent`.
  The binding will look like this:
  
  [在本章稍后的部分](#add-hero-detail "Add the HeroDetailComponent to the AppComponent")，
  父组件`AppComponent`会告诉子组件`HeroDetailComponent`要显示哪个英雄，
  告诉的方法是把它的`selectedHero`属性绑定到`HeroDetailComponent`的`hero`属性上。
  这种绑定是这样的：
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/app/app.component.1.html', 'hero-detail-binding')(format='.')

:marked
  Putting square brackets around the `hero` property, to the left of the equal sign (=),
  makes it the *target* of a property binding expression.
  You must declare a *target* binding property to be an *input* property.
  Otherwise, Angular rejects the binding and throws an error.
  
  在等号的左边，是方括号围绕的`hero`属性，这表示它是属性绑定表达式的*目标*。
  我们要绑定到的*目标*属性必须是一个*输入*属性，否则Angular会拒绝绑定，并抛出一个错误。

  First, amend the `@angular/core` import statement to include the `Input` symbol.
  
  首先，修改`@angular/core`导入语句，使其包含符号`Input`。
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'import-input', 'src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (excerpt)')(format='.')

:marked
  Then declare that `hero` is an *input* property by
  preceding it with the `@Input` decorator that you imported earlier.
  
  然后，通过在`hero`属性前面加上`@Input`装饰器，来表明它是一个输入属性。

+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'hero', 'src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (excerpt)')(format='.')

.l-sub-section
  :marked
    Read more about _input_ properties in the
    [Attribute Directives](../guide/attribute-directives.html#why-input) page.
    
    要了解*输入属性*的更多知识，参见[属性型指令](../guide/attribute-directives.html#why-input)页。

:marked
  That's it. The `hero` property is the only thing in the `HeroDetailComponent` class.
  
  现在，`hero`属性是`HeroDetailComponent`类中唯一的东西。
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'class')(format='.')

:marked
  All it does is receive a hero object through its `hero` input property and then bind to that property with its template.
  
  它所做的一切就是通过它的输入属性`hero`接收一个英雄对象，然后把这个属性绑定到自己的模板中。

  Here's the complete `HeroDetailComponent`.
  
  下面是完整的`HeroDetailComponent`：
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts', '', 'src/app/hero-detail.component.ts')

.l-main-section
:marked
  ## Declare _HeroDetailComponent_ in the _AppModule_
  
  ## 在`AppModule`中声明`HeroDetailComponent`
  
  Every component must be declared in one&mdash;and only one&mdash;Angular module.
  
  每个组件都必须在一个（且只有一个）Angular模块中声明。

  Open `app.module.ts` in your editor and import the `HeroDetailComponent` so you can refer to it.
  
  打开`app.module.ts`并且导入`HeroDetailComponent`，以便我们可以引用它。
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/app.module.ts', 'hero-detail-import', 'src/app/app.module.ts')

:marked
  Add `HeroDetailComponent` to the module's `declarations` array.
  
  把`HeroDetailComponent`添加到该模块的`declarations`数组中。

+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/app.module.ts', 'declarations', 'src/app/app.module.ts')(format='.')

:marked
  In general, the `declarations` array contains a list of application components, pipes, and directives that belong to the module.
  A component must be declared in a module before other components can reference it.
  This module declares only the two application components, `AppComponent` and `HeroDetailComponent`.
  
  通常，`declarations`数组包含应用中属于该模块的组件、管道和指令的列表。
  组件在被其它组件引用之前必须先在一个模块中声明过。
  这个模块只声明了两个组件：`AppComponent` 和 `HeroDetailComponent`。
  
.l-sub-section
  :marked
    Read more about Angular modules in the [NgModules](../guide/ngmodule.html "Angular Modules (NgModule)") guide.
    
    要了解关于Angular模块的更多知识，参见[Angular模块](../guide/ngmodule.html "Angular Modules (NgModule)")页。

a#add-hero-detail
.l-main-section
:marked
  ## Add the _HeroDetailComponent_ to the _AppComponent_
  
  ## 把`HeroDetailComponent`添加到`AppComponent`中
  
:marked
  The `AppComponent` is still a master/detail view.
  It used to display the hero details on its own, before you cut out that portion of the template.
  Now it will delegate to the `HeroDetailComponent`.

  `AppComponent`仍然是主从视图。
  在我们剪切模板之前，它自己显示英雄的详情。
  现在，它委托给了`HeroDetailComponent`。

  Recall that `hero-detail` is the CSS [`selector`](#selector "HeroDetailComponent selector")
  in the `HeroDetailComponent` metadata.
  That's the tag name of the element that represents the `HeroDetailComponent`.
  
  回想一下，`hero-detail`正是`HeroDetailComponent`元数据中使用的 CSS [`selector`](#selector "HeroDetailComponent selector")
  它是一个HTML元素的标签名，用于表示`HeroDetailComponent`。

  Add a `<hero-detail>` element near the bottom of the `AppComponent` template,
  where the hero detail view used to be.
  
  把`<hero-detail>`元素添加到`AppComponent`模板的底部，那里就是英雄详情视图所在的位置。

  Coordinate the master `AppComponent` with the `HeroDetailComponent`
  by binding the `selectedHero` property of the `AppComponent`
  to the `hero` property of the `HeroDetailComponent`.
  
  协调主视图`AppComponent`与`HeroDetailComponent`的方式是把`AppComponent`的`selectedHero`属性绑定到`HeroDetailComponent`的`hero`属性上。
  
+makeExample('toh-3/ts/app/app.component.1.html', 'hero-detail-binding', 'app.component.ts (excerpt)')(format='.')

:marked
 Now every time the `selectedHero` changes, the `HeroDetailComponent` gets a new hero to display.
 
 每当`selectedHero`变化时，`HeroDetailComponent`就会显示一个新的英雄。

 The revised `AppComponent` template should look like this:
  
 修改后的`AppComponent`模板是这样的：

+makeExample('toh-3/ts/src/app/app.component.ts', 'hero-detail-template', 'app.component.ts (excerpt)')(format='.')

.l-main-section
:marked
  ## What changed?
  
  ## 有哪些变化？
  
  As [before](./toh-pt2.html), whenever a user clicks on a hero name,
  the hero detail appears below the hero list.
  But now the `HeroDetailView` is presenting those details.
  
  仍然像[以前](./toh-pt2.html)一样，一旦用户点击了英雄的名字，英雄详情就会显示在英雄列表的下方。
  不过现在改用`HeroDetailView`来表示英雄详情了。

  Refactoring the original `AppComponent` into two components yields benefits, both now and in the future:
  
  我们把原来的`AppComponent`重构成了两个组件具有一些显著优点，无论是现在还是未来：

  1. You simplified the `AppComponent` by reducing its responsibilities.
  
    通过缩减`AppComponent`的职责，我们简化了它。

  1. You can evolve the `HeroDetailComponent` into a rich hero editor
  without touching the parent `AppComponent`.
  
    我们将来可以把`HeroDetailComponent`改进为功能更丰富的英雄编辑器，而不用动`AppComponent`。

  1. You can evolve the `AppComponent` without touching the hero detail view.
  
    同样，我们也可以改进`AppComponent`而不用动英雄详情视图。

  1. You can re-use the `HeroDetailComponent` in the template of some future parent component.
  
    我们可以在未来的其它父组件的模板中复用`HeroDetailComponent`。

  ### Review the app structure
  
  ### 审视本应用的代码结构
  
  Verify that you have the following structure:
  
  验证它是否已经有了如下结构：

.filetree
  .file angular-tour-of-heroes
  .children
    .file src
    .children
      .file app
      .children
        .file app.component.ts
        .file app.module.ts
        .file hero.ts
        .file hero-detail.component.ts
      .file main.ts
      .file index.html
      .file styles.css
      .file systemjs.config.js
      .file tsconfig.json
    .file node_modules ...
    .file package.json

:marked
  Here are the code files discussed in this page.

  下面是我们在本章讨论的代码文件：

+makeTabs(`
  toh-3/ts/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts,
  toh-3/ts/src/app/app.component.ts,
  toh-3/ts/src/app/hero.ts,
  toh-3/ts/src/app/app.module.ts
  `,'',`
  src/app/hero-detail.component.ts,
  src/app/app.component.ts,
  src/app/hero.ts,
  src/app/app.module.ts
 `)

.l-main-section
:marked
  ## The road you’ve travelled
  
  ## 走过的路
  
  Here's what you achieved in this page:

  来盘点一下我们已经构建了什么。

  * You created a reusable component.

    我们创建了一个可复用组件

  * You learned how to make a component accept input.

    我们学会了如何让一个组件接收输入

  * You learned to declare the required application directives in an Angular module. You
  listed the directives in the `NgModule` decorator's `declarations` array.

    我们学会了在 Angular 模块中声明该应用所需的指令。
  只要把这些指令列在`NgModule`装饰器的`declarations`数组中就可以了。

  * You learned to bind a parent component to a child component.
  
    我们学会了把父组件绑定到子组件。

  Your app should look like this <live-example></live-example>.

  现在，应用应该变成了这样：<live-example>在线例子</live-example>。

.l-main-section
:marked
  ## The road ahead
  
  ## 前方的路
  
  The Tour of Heroes app is more reusable with shared components,
  but its (mock) data is still hard coded within the `AppComponent`.
  That's not sustainable.
  Data access should be refactored to a separate service
  and shared among the components that need data.
  
  通过抽取共享组件，我们的《英雄指南》变得更有复用性了，但在`AppComponent`中，我们仍然使用着硬编码的模拟数据。显然，这种方式不能“可持续发展”。
    我们要把数据访问逻辑重构到一个独立的服务中，并在需要数据的组件之间共享。

  You’ll learn to create services in the [next tutorial](toh-pt4.html) page.

  在[下一步](toh-pt4.html)，我们将学习如何创建服务。