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Visual Studio 2015 QuickStart

Visual Studio 2015 快速上手

{@a top}

Some developers prefer Visual Studio as their Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

有些开发者喜欢用Visual Studio。

This cookbook describes the steps required to set up and use the Angular QuickStart files in Visual Studio 2015 within an ASP.NET 4.x project.

本烹饪宝典介绍了在Visual Studio 2015的ASP.NET 4.x项目中，用Angular实现“快速上手”所需的步骤。

There is no live example for this cookbook because it describes Visual Studio, not the QuickStart application itself.

本烹饪宝典中没有在线例子，因为它介绍的是Visual Studio，而不是《快速上手》应用程序本身。

{@a asp-net-4}

ASP.NET 4.x Project

ASP.NET 4.x 项目

To set up the QuickStart files with an ASP.NET 4.x project in Visual Studio 2015, follow these steps:

要用Visual Studio 2015在ASP.NET 4.x项目中设置**《快速上手》**文件，请遵循如下步骤：

If you prefer a File | New Project experience and are using ASP.NET Core, then consider the experimental ASP.NET Core + Angular template for Visual Studio 2015. Note that the resulting code does not map to the docs. Adjust accordingly.

如果你希望使用ASP.NET Core并体验全新项目， 参见_预览版_ASP.NET Core + Angular template for Visual Studio 2015。 注意，最终代码与本文不对应，请适当调节。

Prerequisite: Node.js

前提条件: Node.js

Install Node.js® and npm if they are not already on your machine.

如果你的电脑里没有Node.js®和npm，请安装**它们**。

Verify that you are running node version 4.6.x or greater, and npm 3.x.x or greater by running node -v and npm -v in a terminal window. Older versions produce errors.

在终端或者控制台中运行node -v和npm -v，请确认你的Node版本为4.6.x或更高，npm的版本为3.x.x或更高。老版本会引起错误。

Prerequisite: Visual Studio 2015 Update 3

前提条件: Visual Studio 2015 Update 3

The minimum requirement for developing Angular applications with Visual Studio is Update 3. Earlier versions do not follow the best practices for developing applications with TypeScript. To view your version of Visual Studio 2015, go to Help | About Visual Studio.

使用Visual Studio开发Angular应用程序的最低要求是Update 3。 早期版本没有遵循使用TypeScript开发应用程序的最佳实践。 要查看你的Visual Studio 2015版本号，到Help | About Visual Studio。

If you don't have it, install Visual Studio 2015 Update 3. Or use Tools | Extensions and Updates to update to Update 3 directly from Visual Studio 2015.

如果还没有，安装**Visual Studio 2015 Update 3**。或者使用Tools | Extensions and Updates来直接在Visual Studio 2015中更新到Update 3。

Prerequisite: Configure External Web tools

前提条件: 配置External Web tools

Configure Visual Studio to use the global external web tools instead of the tools that ship with Visual Studio:

配置Visual Studio来使用全局External Web Tools，而非Visual Studio默认的工具：

  • Open the Options dialog with Tools | Options.

    到Tools | Options打开Options对话框

  • In the tree on the left, select Projects and Solutions | External Web Tools.

    在左边树型项目中，选择Projects and Solutions | External Web Tools。

  • On the right, move the $(PATH) entry above the $(DevEnvDir) entries. This tells Visual Studio to use the external tools (such as npm) found in the global path before using its own version of the external tools.

  • 在右侧，将$(PATH)移动到 $(DevEnvDir)上面。这样，Visual Stuio就会在使用自带的外部工具时，优先使用全局路径中的外部工具（比如npm）。

    Click OK to close the dialog.

  • 点击OK关闭对话框。

    Restart Visual Studio for this change to take effect.

  • 重启Visual Studio，以让设置变化生效。

Visual Studio now looks first for external tools in the current workspace and if it doesn't find them, it looks in the global path. If Visual Studio doesn't find them in either location, it will use its own versions of the tools.

Visual Studio将优先在当前的工作区查找外部工具，如果没有找到，便查找全局路径，如果还没有找到，Visual Studio就使用自带的工具版本。

Prerequisite: Install TypeScript 2.2 for Visual Studio 2015

前提条件: 安装TypeScript 2.2 for Visual Studio 2015

While Visual Studio Update 3 ships with TypeScript support out of the box, it currently doesn’t ship with TypeScript 2.2, which you need to develop Angular applications.

Visual Studio Update 3自带TypeScript支持，但是它的TypeScript版本开发Angular应用需要的不是2.2。

To install TypeScript 2.2:

要安装TypeScript 2.2：

You can find out more about TypeScript 2.2 support in Visual studio here.

你可以在**这儿**查看更多Visual Studio中TypeScript 2.2的支持。

At this point, Visual Studio is ready. It’s a good idea to close Visual Studio and restart it to make sure everything is clean.

至此，Visual Studio准备好了。重新启动Visual Stuido，这样我们可以有一个崭新的开始。

Step 1: Download the QuickStart files

第一步: 现在“快速上手”文件

Download the QuickStart source from GitHub. If you downloaded as a zip file, extract the files.

从GitHub下载“快速上手”的源代码。如果下载的是一个压缩的zip文件，解压它。

Step 2: Create the Visual Studio ASP.NET project

第二步：创建Visual Studio ASP.net项目

Create the ASP.NET 4.x project in the usual way as follows:

按照下列步骤创建ASP.NET 4.x项目：

  • In Visual Studio, select File | New | Project from the menu.

    在Visual Studio中，选择File | New | Project菜单。

  • In the template tree, select Templates | Visual C# (or Visual Basic) | Web.

    在模板树中，选择Templates | Visual C#(或Visual Basic) | Web菜单。

  • Select the ASP.NET Web Application template, give the project a name, and click OK.

    选择ASP.NET Web Application模板，输入项目名，点击“OK”按钮。

  • Select the desired ASP.NET 4.5.2 template and click OK.

    选择自己喜欢的ASP.NET 4.5.2模板，点击OK。

This cookbook uses the Empty template with no added folders, no authentication, and no hosting. Pick the template and options appropriate for your project.

本烹饪宝典选择了Empty模板，它没有添加过任何目录，没有身份验证，没有服务器托管。为你的项目选择合适的模板和选项。

Step 3: Copy the QuickStart files into the ASP.NET project folder

第三步: 把“快速上手”的文件复制到ASP.NET项目所在的目录

Copy the QuickStart files you downloaded from GitHub into the folder containing the .csproj file. Include the files in the Visual Studio project as follows:

拷贝从GitHub下载的“快速上手”文件到包含.csproj文件的目录中。按照下面的步骤把它们加到Visual Studio中：

  • Click the Show All Files button in Solution Explorer to reveal all of the hidden files in the project.

    在Solution Explorer中点击Show All Files按钮，显示项目中所有隐藏文件。

  • Right-click on each folder/file to be included in the project and select Include in Project. Minimally, include the following folder/files:

    右键点击每个目录和文件，选择Include in Project。 最少要添加下列文件：

    • src/app folder (answer No if asked to search for TypeScript Typings)

      src/app目录（如果询问是否要搜索TypeScript类型，回答No）

    • src/styles.css

    • src/index.html

    • package.json

    • src/tsconfig.json

    • typings.json

Step 4: Restore the required packages

第四步: 恢复需要的包

Restore the packages required for an Angular application as follows:

按下面的步骤恢复Angular应用程序需要的包：

  • Right-click on the package.json file in Solution Explorer and select Restore Packages.
    This uses npm to install all of the packages defined in the package.json file. It may take some time.

    在Solution Explorer中右键点击package.json，选择Restore Packages。
    这样，Visual Studio会使用npm来安装在package.json中定义的所有包. 这可能需要花一点时间。

  • If desired, open the Output window (View | Output) to watch the npm commands execute.

    如果愿意，打开Output窗口(View | Output)来监控npm命令的执行情况。

  • Ignore the warnings.

    忽略所有警告。

  • When the restore is finished, a message in the bottom message bar of Visual Studio should say: Installing packages complete. Be patient. This could take a while.

    当恢复完成后，将会出现一条消息：Installing packages complete。耐心点，这相当耗时间。

  • Click the Refresh icon in Solution Explorer.

    在Solution Explorer里，点击Refresh图标。

  • Do not include the node_modules folder in the project. Let it be a hidden project folder.

    不要将node_modules目录添加到项目中，让它隐藏。

Step 5: Build and run the app

第五步：构建和运行应用

First, ensure that src/index.html is set as the start page. Right-click index.html in Solution Explorer and select option Set As Start Page.

首先，确认src/index.html已被设置为开始页面。 在Solution Explorer中，右键点击index.html，选择选项Set As Start Page。

To run in VS with F5

按 F5 以在 VS 中运行

Most Visual Studio developers like to press the F5 key and see the IIS server come up. To use the IIS server with the QuickStart app, you must make the following three changes.

大多数 Visual Studio 开发者喜欢按 F5 键来启动 IIS 服务器。 要在这个《快速上手》应用中使用 IIS 服务器，我们要做下列修改：

  1. In index.html, change base href from <base href="/"> to <base href="/src/">.

    在 index.html 中，把基地址从 <base href="/"> 改为 <base href="/src/"> 。

  2. Also in index.html, change the scripts to use /node_modules with a slash instead of node_modules without the slash.

    同样在index.html中，修改脚本来用带有斜杠的/node_modules代替不带斜杠的node_modules。

  3. In src/systemjs.config.js, near the top of the file, change the npm path to /node_modules/ with a slash.

    在src/systemjs.config.js的顶部，把 npm 的 path 设置为带斜杠的/node_modules/。

After these changes, npm start no longer works. You must choose to configure either for F5 with IIS or for npm start with the lite-server.

做完这些修改之后，npm start不再工作了。我们必须选择配置为IIS + F5，还是npm start + lite-server。

For apps that use routing

为了使用路由的应用

If your app uses routing, you need to teach the server to always return index.html when the user asks for an HTML page for reasons explained in the Deployment guide.

如果应用要使用路由，就要让服务器在用户要求 HTML 页面时始终返回index.html。 此中原因，在发布一章中有解释。

Everything seems fine while you move about within the app. But you'll see the problem right away if you refresh the browser or paste a link to an app page (called a "deep link") into the browser address bar.

当我们在应用内部移动时，看起来一切正常。但是如果刷新浏览器，或者在地址栏中输入一个到具体页面的地址（也就是"深链接"）时，问题就来了。

You'll most likely get a 404 - Page Not Found response from the server for any address other than / or /index.html.

我们很可能从服务器得到得到404 - 页面不存在 —— 只有 / 或 /index.html 例外。

You have to configure the server to return index.html for requests to these "unknown" pages. The lite-server development server does out-of-the-box. If you've switched over to F5 and IIS, you have to configure IIS to do it. This section walks through the steps to adapt the QuickStart application.

我们就要配置服务器，为那些"未知"的页面返回index.html。 lite-server开发服务器内置了这项功能。如果要切换到 F5 + IIS，我们就要自己来配置IIS实现它了。 接下来我们就看看对快速起步应用做配置的步骤。

Configure IIS rewrite rules

配置 IIS 重写规则

Visual Studio ships with IIS Express, which has the rewrite module baked in. However, if you're using regular IIS you'll have to install the rewrite module.

Visual Studio 自带了一个 IIS Express，其中有一个重写（rewrite）模块。 不过，如果使用标准版的 IIS ，就要自己去安装这个重写模块了。

Tell Visual Studio how to handle requests for route app pages by adding these rewrite rules near the bottom of the web.config:

通过把下列重写规则添加到web.config的底部，就可以告诉 Visual Studio如何处理到应用页面的请求。

<system.webServer> <rewrite> <rules> <rule name="Angular Routes" stopProcessing="true"> <match url=".*" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll"> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" /> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="/src/" /> </rule> </rules> </rewrite> </system.webServer>

The match url, <match url=".*" />, will rewrite every request. You'll have to adjust this if you want some requests to get through, such as web API requests.

匹配 url <match url=".*" />语句将会重写每一个请求。如果需要直接放行某些请求，比如一些Web API请求，我们就必须调整它才行。

The URL in <action type="Rewrite" url="/src/"/> should match the base href in index.html.

<action type="Rewrite" url="/src/"/>中的 url将会匹配index.html中的基地址（base href）。

Build and launch the app with debugger by clicking the Run button or by pressing F5.

点击Run按钮或者按F5键，用调试器构建和启动应用。

It's faster to run without the debugger by pressing Ctrl-F5.

按Ctrl-F5不带调试器的运行应用，速度会更快。

The default browser opens and displays the QuickStart sample application.

默认浏览器打开并显示《快速上手》例子应用。

Try editing any of the project files. Save and refresh the browser to see the changes.

尝试编辑任何项目文件，保存并刷新浏览器来查看效果。