angular-cn/aio/content/guide/testing-pipes.md

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# Testing Pipes
You can test [pipes](guide/pipes) without the Angular testing utilities.
<div class="alert is-helpful">
For the sample app that the testing guides describe, see the <live-example embedded-style noDownload>sample app</live-example>.
For the tests features in the testing guides, see <live-example stackblitz="specs" noDownload>tests</live-example>.
</div>
## Testing the `TitleCasePipe`
A pipe class has one method, `transform`, that manipulates the input
value into a transformed output value.
The `transform` implementation rarely interacts with the DOM.
Most pipes have no dependence on Angular other than the `@Pipe`
metadata and an interface.
Consider a `TitleCasePipe` that capitalizes the first letter of each word.
Here's an implementation with a regular expression.
<code-example path="testing/src/app/shared/title-case.pipe.ts" header="app/shared/title-case.pipe.ts"></code-example>
Anything that uses a regular expression is worth testing thoroughly.
Use simple Jasmine to explore the expected cases and the edge cases.
<code-example path="testing/src/app/shared/title-case.pipe.spec.ts" region="excerpt" header="app/shared/title-case.pipe.spec.ts"></code-example>
{@a write-tests}
## Writing DOM tests to support a pipe test
These are tests of the pipe _in isolation_.
They can't tell if the `TitleCasePipe` is working properly as applied in the application components.
Consider adding component tests such as this one:
<code-example path="testing/src/app/hero/hero-detail.component.spec.ts" region="title-case-pipe" header="app/hero/hero-detail.component.spec.ts (pipe test)"></code-example>