570 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
570 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
# Routing
|
||
|
||
There are new requirements for the Tour of Heroes app:
|
||
|
||
* Add a *Dashboard* view.
|
||
* Add the ability to navigate between the *Heroes* and *Dashboard* views.
|
||
* When users click a hero name in either view, navigate to a detail view of the selected hero.
|
||
* When users click a *deep link* in an email, open the detail view for a particular hero.
|
||
|
||
When you’re done, users will be able to navigate the app like this:
|
||
|
||
<figure class="lightbox">
|
||
<div class="card">
|
||
<img src='generated/images/guide/toh/nav-diagram.png' alt="View navigations">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
## Add the `AppRoutingModule`
|
||
|
||
In Angular, the best practice is to load and configure the router in a separate, top-level module
|
||
that is dedicated to routing and imported by the root `AppModule`.
|
||
|
||
By convention, the module class name is `AppRoutingModule` and it belongs in the `app-routing.module.ts` in the `src/app` folder.
|
||
|
||
Use the CLI to generate it.
|
||
|
||
<code-example language="sh" class="code-shell">
|
||
ng generate module app-routing --flat --module=app
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert is-helpful">
|
||
|
||
`--flat` puts the file in `src/app` instead of its own folder.<br>
|
||
`--module=app` tells the CLI to register it in the `imports` array of the `AppModule`.
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
The generated file looks like this:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.0.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts (generated)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
Replace it with the following:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.1.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts (updated)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
First, `AppRoutingModule` imports `RouterModule` and `Routes` so the app can have routing functionality. The next import, `HeroesComponent`, will give the Router somewhere to go once you configure the routes.
|
||
|
||
Notice that the `CommonModule` references and `declarations` array are unnecessary, so are no
|
||
longer part of `AppRoutingModule`. The following sections explain the rest of the `AppRoutingModule` in more detail.
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Routes
|
||
|
||
The next part of the file is where you configure your routes.
|
||
*Routes* tell the Router which view to display when a user clicks a link or
|
||
pastes a URL into the browser address bar.
|
||
|
||
Since `AppRoutingModule` already imports `HeroesComponent`, you can use it in the `routes` array:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts"
|
||
region="heroes-route">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
A typical Angular `Route` has two properties:
|
||
|
||
* `path`: a string that matches the URL in the browser address bar.
|
||
* `component`: the component that the router should create when navigating to this route.
|
||
|
||
This tells the router to match that URL to `path: 'heroes'`
|
||
and display the `HeroesComponent` when the URL is something like `localhost:4200/heroes`.
|
||
|
||
### `RouterModule.forRoot()`
|
||
|
||
The `@NgModule` metadata initializes the router and starts it listening for browser location changes.
|
||
|
||
The following line adds the `RouterModule` to the `AppRoutingModule` `imports` array and
|
||
configures it with the `routes` in one step by calling
|
||
`RouterModule.forRoot()`:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="ngmodule-imports">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert is-helpful">
|
||
|
||
The method is called `forRoot()` because you configure the router at the application's root level.
|
||
The `forRoot()` method supplies the service providers and directives needed for routing,
|
||
and performs the initial navigation based on the current browser URL.
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Next, `AppRoutingModule` exports `RouterModule` so it will be available throughout the app.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts (exports array)" region="export-routermodule">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
## Add `RouterOutlet`
|
||
|
||
Open the `AppComponent` template and replace the `<app-heroes>` element with a `<router-outlet>` element.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.html" region="outlet" header="src/app/app.component.html (router-outlet)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
The `AppComponent` template no longer needs `<app-heroes>` because the app will only display the `HeroesComponent` when the user navigates to it.
|
||
|
||
The `<router-outlet>` tells the router where to display routed views.
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert is-helpful">
|
||
|
||
The `RouterOutlet` is one of the router directives that became available to the `AppComponent`
|
||
because `AppModule` imports `AppRoutingModule` which exported `RouterModule`.
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
#### Try it
|
||
|
||
You should still be running with this CLI command.
|
||
|
||
<code-example language="sh" class="code-shell">
|
||
ng serve
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
The browser should refresh and display the app title but not the list of heroes.
|
||
|
||
Look at the browser's address bar.
|
||
The URL ends in `/`.
|
||
The route path to `HeroesComponent` is `/heroes`.
|
||
|
||
Append `/heroes` to the URL in the browser address bar.
|
||
You should see the familiar heroes master/detail view.
|
||
|
||
{@a routerlink}
|
||
|
||
## Add a navigation link (`routerLink`)
|
||
|
||
Ideally, users should be able to click a link to navigate rather
|
||
than pasting a route URL into the address bar.
|
||
|
||
Add a `<nav>` element and, within that, an anchor element that, when clicked,
|
||
triggers navigation to the `HeroesComponent`.
|
||
The revised `AppComponent` template looks like this:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.html" region="heroes" header="src/app/app.component.html (heroes RouterLink)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
A [`routerLink` attribute](#routerlink) is set to `"/heroes"`,
|
||
the string that the router matches to the route to `HeroesComponent`.
|
||
The `routerLink` is the selector for the [`RouterLink` directive](/api/router/RouterLink)
|
||
that turns user clicks into router navigations.
|
||
It's another of the public directives in the `RouterModule`.
|
||
|
||
The browser refreshes and displays the app title and heroes link,
|
||
but not the heroes list.
|
||
|
||
Click the link.
|
||
The address bar updates to `/heroes` and the list of heroes appears.
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert is-helpful">
|
||
|
||
Make this and future navigation links look better by adding private CSS styles to `app.component.css`
|
||
as listed in the [final code review](#appcomponent) below.
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Add a dashboard view
|
||
|
||
Routing makes more sense when there are multiple views.
|
||
So far there's only the heroes view.
|
||
|
||
Add a `DashboardComponent` using the CLI:
|
||
|
||
<code-example language="sh" class="code-shell">
|
||
ng generate component dashboard
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
The CLI generates the files for the `DashboardComponent` and declares it in `AppModule`.
|
||
|
||
Replace the default file content in these three files as follows:
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.html" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.1.html">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.ts" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.css" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.css">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
The _template_ presents a grid of hero name links.
|
||
|
||
* The `*ngFor` repeater creates as many links as are in the component's `heroes` array.
|
||
* The links are styled as colored blocks by the `dashboard.component.css`.
|
||
* The links don't go anywhere yet but [they will shortly](#hero-details).
|
||
|
||
The _class_ is similar to the `HeroesComponent` class.
|
||
* It defines a `heroes` array property.
|
||
* The constructor expects Angular to inject the `HeroService` into a private `heroService` property.
|
||
* The `ngOnInit()` lifecycle hook calls `getHeroes()`.
|
||
|
||
This `getHeroes()` returns the sliced list of heroes at positions 1 and 5, returning only four of the Top Heroes (2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th).
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.ts" header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.ts" region="getHeroes">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
### Add the dashboard route
|
||
|
||
To navigate to the dashboard, the router needs an appropriate route.
|
||
|
||
Import the `DashboardComponent` in the `AppRoutingModule`.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="import-dashboard" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts (import DashboardComponent)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
Add a route to the `AppRoutingModule.routes` array that matches a path to the `DashboardComponent`.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="dashboard-route">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
### Add a default route
|
||
|
||
When the app starts, the browser's address bar points to the web site's root.
|
||
That doesn't match any existing route so the router doesn't navigate anywhere.
|
||
The space below the `<router-outlet>` is blank.
|
||
|
||
To make the app navigate to the dashboard automatically, add the following
|
||
route to the `AppRoutingModule.Routes` array.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="redirect-route">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
This route redirects a URL that fully matches the empty path to the route whose path is `'/dashboard'`.
|
||
|
||
After the browser refreshes, the router loads the `DashboardComponent`
|
||
and the browser address bar shows the `/dashboard` URL.
|
||
|
||
### Add dashboard link to the shell
|
||
|
||
The user should be able to navigate back and forth between the
|
||
`DashboardComponent` and the `HeroesComponent` by clicking links in the
|
||
navigation area near the top of the page.
|
||
|
||
Add a dashboard navigation link to the `AppComponent` shell template, just above the *Heroes* link.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.html" header="src/app/app.component.html">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
After the browser refreshes you can navigate freely between the two views by clicking the links.
|
||
|
||
{@a hero-details}
|
||
## Navigating to hero details
|
||
|
||
The `HeroDetailsComponent` displays details of a selected hero.
|
||
At the moment the `HeroDetailsComponent` is only visible at the bottom of the `HeroesComponent`
|
||
|
||
The user should be able to get to these details in three ways.
|
||
|
||
1. By clicking a hero in the dashboard.
|
||
1. By clicking a hero in the heroes list.
|
||
1. By pasting a "deep link" URL into the browser address bar that identifies the hero to display.
|
||
|
||
In this section, you'll enable navigation to the `HeroDetailsComponent`
|
||
and liberate it from the `HeroesComponent`.
|
||
|
||
### Delete _hero details_ from `HeroesComponent`
|
||
|
||
When the user clicks a hero item in the `HeroesComponent`,
|
||
the app should navigate to the `HeroDetailComponent`,
|
||
replacing the heroes list view with the hero detail view.
|
||
The heroes list view should no longer show hero details as it does now.
|
||
|
||
Open the `HeroesComponent` template (`heroes/heroes.component.html`) and
|
||
delete the `<app-hero-detail>` element from the bottom.
|
||
|
||
Clicking a hero item now does nothing.
|
||
You'll [fix that shortly](#heroes-component-links) after you enable routing to the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||
|
||
### Add a _hero detail_ route
|
||
|
||
A URL like `~/detail/11` would be a good URL for navigating to the *Hero Detail* view of the hero whose `id` is `11`.
|
||
|
||
Open `AppRoutingModule` and import `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="import-herodetail" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts (import HeroDetailComponent)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
Then add a _parameterized_ route to the `AppRoutingModule.routes` array that matches the path pattern to the _hero detail_ view.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="detail-route">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
The colon (:) in the `path` indicates that `:id` is a placeholder for a specific hero `id`.
|
||
|
||
At this point, all application routes are in place.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="routes" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts (all routes)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
### `DashboardComponent` hero links
|
||
|
||
The `DashboardComponent` hero links do nothing at the moment.
|
||
|
||
Now that the router has a route to `HeroDetailComponent`,
|
||
fix the dashboard hero links to navigate via the _parameterized_ dashboard route.
|
||
|
||
<code-example
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.html"
|
||
region="click"
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.html (hero links)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
You're using Angular [interpolation binding](guide/template-syntax#interpolation) within the `*ngFor` repeater
|
||
to insert the current iteration's `hero.id` into each
|
||
[`routerLink`](#routerlink).
|
||
|
||
{@a heroes-component-links}
|
||
### `HeroesComponent` hero links
|
||
|
||
The hero items in the `HeroesComponent` are `<li>` elements whose click events
|
||
are bound to the component's `onSelect()` method.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt4/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html" region="list" header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html (list with onSelect)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
Strip the `<li>` back to just its `*ngFor`,
|
||
wrap the badge and name in an anchor element (`<a>`),
|
||
and add a `routerLink` attribute to the anchor that
|
||
is the same as in the dashboard template
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html" region="list" header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html (list with links)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
You'll have to fix the private stylesheet (`heroes.component.css`) to make
|
||
the list look as it did before.
|
||
Revised styles are in the [final code review](#heroescomponent) at the bottom of this guide.
|
||
|
||
#### Remove dead code (optional)
|
||
|
||
While the `HeroesComponent` class still works,
|
||
the `onSelect()` method and `selectedHero` property are no longer used.
|
||
|
||
It's nice to tidy up and you'll be grateful to yourself later.
|
||
Here's the class after pruning away the dead code.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts" region="class" header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts (cleaned up)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
## Routable `HeroDetailComponent`
|
||
|
||
Previously, the parent `HeroesComponent` set the `HeroDetailComponent.hero`
|
||
property and the `HeroDetailComponent` displayed the hero.
|
||
|
||
`HeroesComponent` doesn't do that anymore.
|
||
Now the router creates the `HeroDetailComponent` in response to a URL such as `~/detail/11`.
|
||
|
||
The `HeroDetailComponent` needs a new way to obtain the hero-to-display.
|
||
This section explains the following:
|
||
|
||
* Get the route that created it
|
||
* Extract the `id` from the route
|
||
* Acquire the hero with that `id` from the server via the `HeroService`
|
||
|
||
Add the following imports:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" region="added-imports" header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
{@a hero-detail-ctor}
|
||
|
||
Inject the `ActivatedRoute`, `HeroService`, and `Location` services
|
||
into the constructor, saving their values in private fields:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" header="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" region="ctor">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
The [`ActivatedRoute`](api/router/ActivatedRoute) holds information about the route to this instance of the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||
This component is interested in the route's parameters extracted from the URL.
|
||
The "id" parameter is the `id` of the hero to display.
|
||
|
||
The [`HeroService`](tutorial/toh-pt4) gets hero data from the remote server
|
||
and this component will use it to get the hero-to-display.
|
||
|
||
The [`location`](api/common/Location) is an Angular service for interacting with the browser.
|
||
You'll use it [later](#goback) to navigate back to the view that navigated here.
|
||
|
||
### Extract the `id` route parameter
|
||
|
||
In the `ngOnInit()` [lifecycle hook](guide/lifecycle-hooks#oninit)
|
||
call `getHero()` and define it as follows.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" region="ngOnInit">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
The `route.snapshot` is a static image of the route information shortly after the component was created.
|
||
|
||
The `paramMap` is a dictionary of route parameter values extracted from the URL.
|
||
The `"id"` key returns the `id` of the hero to fetch.
|
||
|
||
Route parameters are always strings.
|
||
The JavaScript (+) operator converts the string to a number,
|
||
which is what a hero `id` should be.
|
||
|
||
The browser refreshes and the app crashes with a compiler error.
|
||
`HeroService` doesn't have a `getHero()` method.
|
||
Add it now.
|
||
|
||
### Add `HeroService.getHero()`
|
||
|
||
Open `HeroService` and add the following `getHero()` method with the `id` after the `getHeroes()` method:
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero.service.ts" region="getHero" header="src/app/hero.service.ts (getHero)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert is-important">
|
||
|
||
Note the backticks ( ` ) that define a JavaScript
|
||
[_template literal_](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals) for embedding the `id`.
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Like [`getHeroes()`](tutorial/toh-pt4#observable-heroservice),
|
||
`getHero()` has an asynchronous signature.
|
||
It returns a _mock hero_ as an `Observable`, using the RxJS `of()` function.
|
||
|
||
You'll be able to re-implement `getHero()` as a real `Http` request
|
||
without having to change the `HeroDetailComponent` that calls it.
|
||
|
||
#### Try it
|
||
|
||
The browser refreshes and the app is working again.
|
||
You can click a hero in the dashboard or in the heroes list and navigate to that hero's detail view.
|
||
|
||
If you paste `localhost:4200/detail/11` in the browser address bar,
|
||
the router navigates to the detail view for the hero with `id: 11`, "Dr Nice".
|
||
|
||
{@a goback}
|
||
|
||
### Find the way back
|
||
|
||
By clicking the browser's back button,
|
||
you can go back to the hero list or dashboard view,
|
||
depending upon which sent you to the detail view.
|
||
|
||
It would be nice to have a button on the `HeroDetail` view that can do that.
|
||
|
||
Add a *go back* button to the bottom of the component template and bind it
|
||
to the component's `goBack()` method.
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.html" region="back-button" header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.html (back button)">
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
Add a `goBack()` _method_ to the component class that navigates backward one step
|
||
in the browser's history stack
|
||
using the `Location` service that you [injected previously](#hero-detail-ctor).
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" region="goBack" header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts (goBack)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Refresh the browser and start clicking.
|
||
Users can navigate around the app, from the dashboard to hero details and back,
|
||
from heroes list to the mini detail to the hero details and back to the heroes again.
|
||
|
||
## Final code review
|
||
|
||
Here are the code files discussed on this page and your app should look like this <live-example></live-example>.
|
||
|
||
{@a approutingmodule}
|
||
{@a appmodule}
|
||
#### `AppRoutingModule`, `AppModule`, and `HeroService`
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/app.module.ts"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/hero.service.ts"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero.service.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
{@a appcomponent}
|
||
#### `AppComponent`
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/app.component.html"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.html">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/app.component.css"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.css">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
{@a dashboardcomponent}
|
||
#### `DashboardComponent`
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.html" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.html">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.ts" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.css" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.css">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
{@a heroescomponent}
|
||
#### `HeroesComponent`
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html" path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.css"
|
||
path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.css">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
{@a herodetailcomponent}
|
||
#### `HeroDetailComponent`
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.html" path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.html">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts" path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane
|
||
header="src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.css" path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.css">
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
## Summary
|
||
|
||
* You added the Angular router to navigate among different components.
|
||
* You turned the `AppComponent` into a navigation shell with `<a>` links and a `<router-outlet>`.
|
||
* You configured the router in an `AppRoutingModule`
|
||
* You defined simple routes, a redirect route, and a parameterized route.
|
||
* You used the `routerLink` directive in anchor elements.
|
||
* You refactored a tightly-coupled master/detail view into a routed detail view.
|
||
* You used router link parameters to navigate to the detail view of a user-selected hero.
|
||
* You shared the `HeroService` among multiple components.
|