106 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# App shell
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# 应用外壳
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App shell is a way to render a portion of your application via a route at build time.
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It can improve the user experience by quickly launching a static rendered page (a skeleton common to all pages) while the browser downloads the full client version and switches to it automatically after the code loads.
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应用外壳是一种在构建期间借助路由渲染部分应用的方法。它可以通过快速启动一个静态渲染页面（所有页面的公共骨架）来改善用户体验。与此同时，浏览器会下载完整的客户端版本，并在代码加载后自动切换到完整版。
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This gives users a meaningful first paint of your application that appears quickly because the browser can simply render the HTML and CSS without the need to initialize any JavaScript.
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这能让用户快速看到应用中第一个有意义的画面，因为浏览器可以很简单地渲染出 HTML 和 CSS，而无需初始化任何 JavaScript。
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Learn more in [The App Shell Model](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/architecture/app-shell).
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欲知详情，参见[应用外壳模型](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/architecture/app-shell)。
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## Step 1: Prepare the application
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## 第 1 步：准备本应用
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You can do this with the following CLI command:
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可以用下列 CLI 命令来执行本操作：
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<code-example format="." language="bash" linenums="false">
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ng new my-app --routing
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</code-example>
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For an existing application, you have to manually add the `RouterModule` and defining a `<router-outlet>` within your application.
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对于既有应用，你必须手动添加 `RouterModule` 并在应用中定义 `<router-outlet>` 。
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## Step 2: Create the app shell
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## 第 2 步：创建应用外壳
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Use the CLI to automatically create the app shell.
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使用 CLI 自动创建一个应用外壳。
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<code-example format="." language="bash" linenums="false">
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ng generate app-shell --client-project my-app --universal-project server-app
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</code-example>
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* `my-app` takes the name of your client application.
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`my-app` 是本客户端应用的名字。
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* `server-app` takes the name of the Universal (or server) application.
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`server-app` 是这个 Universal（或 server）应用的名字。
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After running this command you will notice that the `angular.json` configuration file has been updated to add two new targets, with a few other changes.
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执行完这个命令，你会发现 `angular.json` 配置文件中已经增加了两个新目标，并做了一些其它更改。
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<code-example format="." language="none" linenums="false">
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"server": {
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"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:server",
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"options": {
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"outputPath": "dist/my-app-server",
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"main": "src/main.server.ts",
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"tsConfig": "tsconfig.server.json"
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}
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},
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"app-shell": {
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"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:app-shell",
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"options": {
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"browserTarget": "my-app:build",
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"serverTarget": "my-app:server",
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"route": "shell"
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}
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}
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</code-example>
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## Step 3: Verify the app is built with the shell content
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## 第 3 步：验证该应用是使用应用外壳的内容构建的
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Use the CLI to build the `app-shell` target.
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使用 CLI 构建目标 `app-shell`。
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<code-example format="." language="bash" linenums="false">
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ng run my-app:app-shell
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</code-example>
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To verify the build output, open `dist/my-app/index.html`. Look for default text `app-shell works!` to show that the app shell route was rendered as part of the output.
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要验证构建的输出，请打开 `dist/my-app/index.html`。寻找默认的文本 `app-shell works!` 就可以验证这个应用外壳路由确实是作为输出的一部分渲染出来的。
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