509 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
509 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Building and serving Angular apps
|
|
|
|
This page discusses build-specific configuration options for Angular projects.
|
|
|
|
{@a app-environments}
|
|
|
|
## Configuring application environments
|
|
|
|
You can define different named build configurations for your project, such as *stage* and *production*, with different defaults.
|
|
|
|
Each named configuration can have defaults for any of the options that apply to the various [builder targets](guide/glossary#target), such as `build`, `serve`, and `test`. The [Angular CLI](cli) `build`, `serve`, and `test` commands can then replace files with appropriate versions for your intended target environment.
|
|
|
|
### Configure environment-specific defaults
|
|
|
|
A project's `src/environments/` folder contains the base configuration file, `environment.ts`, which provides a default environment.
|
|
You can add override defaults for additional environments, such as production and staging, in target-specific configuration files.
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
└──myProject/src/environments/
|
|
└──environment.ts
|
|
└──environment.prod.ts
|
|
└──environment.stage.ts
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The base file `environment.ts`, contains the default environment settings. For example:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export const environment = {
|
|
production: false
|
|
};
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The `build` command uses this as the build target when no environment is specified.
|
|
You can add further variables, either as additional properties on the environment object, or as separate objects.
|
|
For example, the following adds a default for a variable to the default environment:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export const environment = {
|
|
production: false,
|
|
apiUrl: 'http://my-api-url'
|
|
};
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can add target-specific configuration files, such as `environment.prod.ts`.
|
|
The following sets content sets default values for the production build target:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export const environment = {
|
|
production: true,
|
|
apiUrl: 'http://my-prod-url'
|
|
};
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Using environment-specific variables in your app
|
|
|
|
The following application structure configures build targets for production and staging environments:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
└── src
|
|
└── app
|
|
├── app.component.html
|
|
└── app.component.ts
|
|
└── environments
|
|
├── environment.prod.ts
|
|
├── environment.staging.ts
|
|
└── environment.ts
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To use the environment configurations you have defined, your components must import the original environments file:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
import { environment } from './../environments/environment';
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This ensures that the build and serve commands can find the configurations for specific build targets.
|
|
|
|
The following code in the component file (`app.component.ts`) uses an environment variable defined in the configuration files.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
|
|
import { environment } from './../environments/environment';
|
|
|
|
@Component({
|
|
selector: 'app-root',
|
|
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
|
|
styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
|
|
})
|
|
export class AppComponent {
|
|
constructor() {
|
|
console.log(environment.production); // Logs false for default environment
|
|
}
|
|
title = 'app works!';
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
{@a file-replacement}
|
|
|
|
## Configure target-specific file replacements
|
|
|
|
The main CLI configuration file, `angular.json`, contains a `fileReplacements` section in the configuration for each build target, which allows you to replace any file with a target-specific version of that file.
|
|
This is useful for including target-specific code or variables in a build that targets a specific environment, such as production or staging.
|
|
|
|
By default no files are replaced.
|
|
You can add file replacements for specific build targets.
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
"configurations": {
|
|
"production": {
|
|
"fileReplacements": [
|
|
{
|
|
"replace": "src/environments/environment.ts",
|
|
"with": "src/environments/environment.prod.ts"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This means that when you build your production configuration (using `ng build --prod` or `ng build --configuration=production`), the `src/environments/environment.ts` file is replaced with the target-specific version of the file, `src/environments/environment.prod.ts`.
|
|
|
|
You can add additional configurations as required. To add a staging environment, create a copy of `src/environments/environment.ts` called `src/environments/environment.staging.ts`, then add a `staging` configuration to `angular.json`:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
"configurations": {
|
|
"production": { ... },
|
|
"staging": {
|
|
"fileReplacements": [
|
|
{
|
|
"replace": "src/environments/environment.ts",
|
|
"with": "src/environments/environment.staging.ts"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can add more configuration options to this target environment as well.
|
|
Any option that your build supports can be overridden in a build target configuration.
|
|
|
|
To build using the staging configuration, run the following command:
|
|
|
|
<code-example language="sh" class="code-shell">
|
|
ng build --configuration=staging
|
|
</code-example>
|
|
|
|
You can also configure the `serve` command to use the targeted build configuration if you add it to the "serve:configurations" section of `angular.json`:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
"serve": {
|
|
"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
|
|
"options": {
|
|
"browserTarget": "your-project-name:build"
|
|
},
|
|
"configurations": {
|
|
"production": {
|
|
"browserTarget": "your-project-name:build:production"
|
|
},
|
|
"staging": {
|
|
"browserTarget": "your-project-name:build:staging"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
{@a size-budgets}
|
|
{@a configure-size-budgets}
|
|
|
|
## Configuring size budgets
|
|
|
|
As applications grow in functionality, they also grow in size.
|
|
The CLI allows you to set size thresholds in your configuration to ensure that parts of your application stay within size boundaries that you define.
|
|
|
|
Define your size boundaries in the CLI configuration file, `angular.json`, in a `budgets` section for each [configured environment](#app-environments).
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
{
|
|
...
|
|
"configurations": {
|
|
"production": {
|
|
...
|
|
budgets: []
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can specify size budgets for the entire app, and for particular parts.
|
|
Each budget entry configures a budget of a given type.
|
|
Specify size values in the following formats:
|
|
|
|
* 123 or 123b: Size in bytes
|
|
|
|
* 123kb: Size in kilobytes
|
|
|
|
* 123mb: Size in megabytes
|
|
|
|
* 12%: Percentage of size relative to baseline. (Not valid for baseline values.)
|
|
|
|
When you configure a budget, the build system warns or reports an error when a given part of the app reaches or exceeds a boundary size that you set.
|
|
|
|
Each budget entry is a JSON object with the following properties:
|
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Property</th>
|
|
<th>Value</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>type</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
The type of budget. One of:
|
|
|
|
* `bundle` - The size of a specific bundle.
|
|
* `initial` - The initial size of the app.
|
|
* `allScript` - The size of all scripts.
|
|
* `all` - The size of the entire app.
|
|
* `anyComponentStyle` - This size of any one component stylesheet.
|
|
* `anyScript` - The size of any one script.
|
|
* `any` - The size of any file.
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>name</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
The name of the bundle (for `type=bundle`).
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>baseline</td>
|
|
<td>The baseline size for comparison.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>maximumWarning</td>
|
|
<td>The maximum threshold for warning relative to the baseline.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>maximumError</td>
|
|
<td>The maximum threshold for error relative to the baseline.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>minimumWarning</td>
|
|
<td>The minimum threshold for warning relative to the baseline.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>minimumError</td>
|
|
<td>The minimum threshold for error relative to the baseline.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>warning</td>
|
|
<td>The threshold for warning relative to the baseline (min & max).</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>error</td>
|
|
<td>The threshold for error relative to the baseline (min & max).</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
{@a browser-compat}
|
|
|
|
## Configuring browser compatibility
|
|
|
|
The CLI uses [Autoprefixer](https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer) to ensure compatibility with different browser and browser versions.
|
|
You may find it necessary to target specific browsers or exclude certain browser versions from your build.
|
|
|
|
Internally, Autoprefixer relies on a library called [Browserslist](https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist) to figure out which browsers to support with prefixing.
|
|
Browserlist looks for configuration options in a `browserslist` property of the package configuration file, or in a configuration file named `.browserslistrc`.
|
|
Autoprefixer looks for the `browserslist` configuration when it prefixes your CSS.
|
|
|
|
* You can tell Autoprefixer what browsers to target by adding a browserslist property to the package configuration file, `package.json`:
|
|
```
|
|
"browserslist": [
|
|
"> 1%",
|
|
"last 2 versions"
|
|
]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
* Alternatively, you can add a new file, `.browserslistrc`, to the project directory, that specifies browsers you want to support:
|
|
```
|
|
### Supported Browsers
|
|
> 1%
|
|
last 2 versions
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
See the [browserslist repo](https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist) for more examples of how to target specific browsers and versions.
|
|
|
|
### Backward compatibility with Lighthouse
|
|
|
|
If you want to produce a progressive web app and are using [Lighthouse](https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/) to grade the project, add the following `browserslist` entry to your `package.json` file, in order to eliminate the [old flexbox](https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/audits/old-flexbox) prefixes:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
"browserslist": [
|
|
"last 2 versions",
|
|
"not ie <= 10",
|
|
"not ie_mob <= 10"
|
|
]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Backward compatibility with CSS grid
|
|
|
|
CSS grid layout support in Autoprefixer, which was previously on by default, is off by default in Angular 8 and higher.
|
|
|
|
To use CSS grid with IE10/11, you must explicitly enable it using the `autoplace` option.
|
|
To do this, add the following to the top of the global styles file (or within a specific css selector scope):
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
/* autoprefixer grid: autoplace /
|
|
```
|
|
or
|
|
```
|
|
/ autoprefixer grid: no-autoplace */
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
For more information, see [Autoprefixer documentation](https://autoprefixer.github.io/).
|
|
|
|
|
|
{@a proxy}
|
|
|
|
## Proxying to a backend server
|
|
|
|
You can use the [proxying support](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server/#devserverproxy) in the `webpack` dev server to divert certain URLs to a backend server, by passing a file to the `--proxy-config` build option.
|
|
For example, to divert all calls for `http://localhost:4200/api` to a server running on `http://localhost:3000/api`, take the following steps.
|
|
|
|
1. Create a file `proxy.conf.json` in your project's `src/` folder.
|
|
|
|
1. Add the following content to the new proxy file:
|
|
```
|
|
{
|
|
"/api": {
|
|
"target": "http://localhost:3000",
|
|
"secure": false
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. In the CLI configuration file, `angular.json`, add the `proxyConfig` option to the `serve` target:
|
|
```
|
|
...
|
|
"architect": {
|
|
"serve": {
|
|
"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
|
|
"options": {
|
|
"browserTarget": "your-application-name:build",
|
|
"proxyConfig": "src/proxy.conf.json"
|
|
},
|
|
...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. To run the dev server with this proxy configuration, call `ng serve`.
|
|
|
|
You can edit the proxy configuration file to add configuration options; some examples are given below.
|
|
For a description of all options, see [webpack DevServer documentation](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server/#devserverproxy).
|
|
|
|
Note that if you edit the proxy configuration file, you must relaunch the `ng serve` process to make your changes effective.
|
|
|
|
### Rewrite the URL path
|
|
|
|
The `pathRewrite` proxy configuration option lets you rewrite the URL path at run time.
|
|
For example, you can specify the following `pathRewrite` value to the proxy configuration to remove "api" from the end of a path.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
{
|
|
"/api": {
|
|
"target": "http://localhost:3000",
|
|
"secure": false,
|
|
"pathRewrite": {
|
|
"^/api": ""
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you need to access a backend that is not on `localhost`, set the `changeOrigin` option as well. For example:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
{
|
|
"/api": {
|
|
"target": "http://npmjs.org",
|
|
"secure": false,
|
|
"pathRewrite": {
|
|
"^/api": ""
|
|
},
|
|
"changeOrigin": true
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To help determine whether your proxy is working as intended, set the `logLevel` option. For example:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
{
|
|
"/api": {
|
|
"target": "http://localhost:3000",
|
|
"secure": false,
|
|
"pathRewrite": {
|
|
"^/api": ""
|
|
},
|
|
"logLevel": "debug"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Proxy log levels are `info` (the default), `debug`, `warn`, `error`, and `silent`.
|
|
|
|
### Proxy multiple entries
|
|
|
|
You can proxy multiple entries to the same target by defining the configuration in JavaScript.
|
|
|
|
Set the proxy configuration file to `proxy.conf.js` (instead of `proxy.conf.json`), and specify configuration files as in the following example.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
const PROXY_CONFIG = [
|
|
{
|
|
context: [
|
|
"/my",
|
|
"/many",
|
|
"/endpoints",
|
|
"/i",
|
|
"/need",
|
|
"/to",
|
|
"/proxy"
|
|
],
|
|
target: "http://localhost:3000",
|
|
secure: false
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
module.exports = PROXY_CONFIG;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
In the CLI configuration file, `angular.json`, point to the JavaScript proxy configuration file:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
...
|
|
"architect": {
|
|
"serve": {
|
|
"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
|
|
"options": {
|
|
"browserTarget": "your-application-name:build",
|
|
"proxyConfig": "src/proxy.conf.js"
|
|
},
|
|
...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Bypass the proxy
|
|
|
|
If you need to optionally bypass the proxy, or dynamically change the request before it's sent, add the bypass option, as shown in this JavaScript example.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
const PROXY_CONFIG = {
|
|
"/api/proxy": {
|
|
"target": "http://localhost:3000",
|
|
"secure": false,
|
|
"bypass": function (req, res, proxyOptions) {
|
|
if (req.headers.accept.indexOf("html") !== -1) {
|
|
console.log("Skipping proxy for browser request.");
|
|
return "/index.html";
|
|
}
|
|
req.headers["X-Custom-Header"] = "yes";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
module.exports = PROXY_CONFIG;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Using corporate proxy
|
|
|
|
If you work behind a corporate proxy, the backend cannot directly proxy calls to any URL outside your local network.
|
|
In this case, you can configure the backend proxy to redirect calls through your corporate proxy using an agent:
|
|
|
|
<code-example language="none" class="code-shell">
|
|
npm install --save-dev https-proxy-agent
|
|
</code-example>
|
|
|
|
When you define an environment variable `http_proxy` or `HTTP_PROXY`, an agent is automatically added to pass calls through your corporate proxy when running `npm start`.
|
|
|
|
Use the following content in the JavaScript configuration file.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
var HttpsProxyAgent = require('https-proxy-agent');
|
|
var proxyConfig = [{
|
|
context: '/api',
|
|
target: 'http://your-remote-server.com:3000',
|
|
secure: false
|
|
}];
|
|
|
|
function setupForCorporateProxy(proxyConfig) {
|
|
var proxyServer = process.env.http_proxy || process.env.HTTP_PROXY;
|
|
if (proxyServer) {
|
|
var agent = new HttpsProxyAgent(proxyServer);
|
|
console.log('Using corporate proxy server: ' + proxyServer);
|
|
proxyConfig.forEach(function(entry) {
|
|
entry.agent = agent;
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
return proxyConfig;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
module.exports = setupForCorporateProxy(proxyConfig);
|
|
```
|