1378 lines
36 KiB
Markdown
1378 lines
36 KiB
Markdown
@title
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Routing
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@intro
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Add the Angular component router and learn to navigate among the views.
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@description
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There are new requirements for the Tour of Heroes app:
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* Add a *Dashboard* view.
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* Add the ability to navigate between the *Heroes* and *Dashboard* views.
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* When users click a hero name in either view, navigate to a detail view of the selected hero.
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* When users click a *deep link* in an email, open the detail view for a particular hero.
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When you’re done, users will be able to navigate the app like this:
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<figure>
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<img src='generated/images/guide/toh/nav-diagram.png' alt="View navigations">
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</figure>
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To satisfy these requirements, you'll add Angular’s router to the app.
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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For more information about the router, read the [Routing and Navigation](guide/router) page.
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</div>
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When you're done with this page, the app should look like this <live-example></live-example>.
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## Where you left off
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Before continuing with the Tour of Heroes, verify that you have the following structure.
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<div class='filetree'>
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<div class='file'>
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angular-tour-of-heroes
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</div>
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<div class='children'>
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<div class='file'>
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src
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</div>
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<div class='children'>
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<div class='file'>
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app
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</div>
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<div class='children'>
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<div class='file'>
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app.component.ts
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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app.module.ts
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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hero.service.ts
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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hero.ts
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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hero-detail.component.ts
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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mock-heroes.ts
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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main.ts
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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index.html
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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styles.css
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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systemjs.config.js
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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tsconfig.json
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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node_modules ...
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</div>
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<div class='file'>
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package.json
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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## Keep the app transpiling and running
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Enter the following command in the terminal window:
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<code-example language="sh" class="code-shell">
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npm start
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</code-example>
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This command runs the TypeScript compiler in "watch mode", recompiling automatically when the code changes.
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The command simultaneously launches the app in a browser and refreshes the browser when the code changes.
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You can keep building the Tour of Heroes without pausing to recompile or refresh the browser.
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## Action plan
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Here's the plan:
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* Turn `AppComponent` into an application shell that only handles navigation.
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* Relocate the *Heroes* concerns within the current `AppComponent` to a separate `HeroesComponent`.
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* Add routing.
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* Create a new `DashboardComponent`.
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* Tie the *Dashboard* into the navigation structure.
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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*Routing* is another name for *navigation*. The router is the mechanism for navigating from view to view.
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</div>
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## Splitting the *AppComponent*
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The current app loads `AppComponent` and immediately displays the list of heroes.
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The revised app should present a shell with a choice of views (*Dashboard* and *Heroes*)
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and then default to one of them.
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The `AppComponent` should only handle navigation, so you'll
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move the display of *Heroes* out of `AppComponent` and into its own `HeroesComponent`.
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### *HeroesComponent*
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`AppComponent` is already dedicated to *Heroes*.
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Instead of moving the code out of `AppComponent`, rename it to `HeroesComponent`
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and create a separate `AppComponent` shell.
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Do the following:
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* Rename the <code>app.component.ts</code> file to <code>heroes.component.ts</code>.
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* Rename the `AppComponent` class as `HeroesComponent` (rename locally, _only_ in this file).
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* Rename the selector `my-app` as `my-heroes`.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.ts" region="renaming" title="src/app/heroes.component.ts (showing renamings only)">
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</code-example>
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### Create *AppComponent*
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The new `AppComponent` is the application shell.
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It will have some navigation links at the top and a display area below.
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Perform these steps:
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* Create the file <code>src/app/app.component.ts</code>.
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* Define an exported `AppComponent` class.
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* Add an `@Component` decorator above the class with a `my-app` selector.
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* Move the following from `HeroesComponent` to `AppComponent`:
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* `title` class property.
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* `@Component` template `<h1>` element, which contains a binding to `title`.
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* Add a `<my-heroes>` element to the app template just below the heading so you still see the heroes.
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* Add `HeroesComponent` to the `declarations` array of `AppModule` so Angular recognizes the `<my-heroes>` tags.
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* Add `HeroService` to the `providers` array of `AppModule` because you'll need it in every other view.
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* Remove `HeroService` from the `HeroesComponent` `providers` array since it was promoted.
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* Add the supporting `import` statements for `AppComponent`.
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The first draft looks like this:
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<code-tabs>
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<code-pane title="src/app/app.component.ts (v1)" path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.1.ts">
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</code-pane>
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<code-pane title="src/app/app.module.ts (v1)" path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.1.ts">
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</code-pane>
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</code-tabs>
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The app still runs and displays heroes.
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## Add routing
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Instead of displaying automatically, heroes should display after users click a button.
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In other words, users should be able to navigate to the list of heroes.
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Use the Angular router to enable navigation.
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The Angular router is an external, optional Angular NgModule called `RouterModule`.
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The router is a combination of multiple provided services (`RouterModule`),
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multiple directives (`RouterOutlet, RouterLink, RouterLinkActive`),
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and a configuration (`Routes`). You'll configure the routes first.
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### *<base href>*
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Open `index.html` and ensure there is a `<base href="...">` element
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(or a script that dynamically sets this element)
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at the top of the `<head>` section.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/index.html" region="base-href" title="src/index.html (base-href)">
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</code-example>
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<div class="callout is-important">
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<header>
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base href is essential
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</header>
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For more information, see the [Set the base href](guide/router)
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section of the [Routing and Navigation](guide/router) page.
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</div>
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{@a configure-routes}
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### Configure routes
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Create a configuration file for the app routes.
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*Routes* tell the router which views to display when a user clicks a link or
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pastes a URL into the browser address bar.
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Define the first route as a route to the heroes component.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.2.ts" region="heroes" title="src/app/app.module.ts (heroes route)">
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</code-example>
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The `Routes` are an array of *route definitions*.
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This route definition has the following parts:
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* *Path*: The router matches this route's path to the URL in the browser address bar (`heroes`).
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* *Component*: The component that the router should create when navigating to this route (`HeroesComponent`).
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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Read more about defining routes with `Routes` in the [Routing & Navigation](guide/router) page.
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</div>
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### Make the router available
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Import the `RouterModule` and add it to the `AppModule` imports array.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.2.ts" title="src/app/app.module.ts (app routing)">
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</code-example>
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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The `forRoot()` method is called because a configured router is provided at the app's root.
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The `forRoot()` method supplies the Router service providers and directives needed for routing, and
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performs the initial navigation based on the current browser URL.
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</div>
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### Router outlet
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If you paste the path, `/heroes`, into the browser address bar at the end of the URL,
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the router should match it to the `heroes` route and display the `HeroesComponent`.
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However, you have to tell the router where to display the component.
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To do this, you can add a `<router-outlet>` element at the end of the template.
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`RouterOutlet` is one of the directives provided by the `RouterModule`.
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The router displays each component immediately below the `<router-outlet>` as users navigate through the app.
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### Router links
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Users shouldn't have to paste a route URL into the address bar.
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Instead, add an anchor tag to the template that, when clicked, triggers navigation to the `HeroesComponent`.
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The revised template looks like this:
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.1.ts" region="template-v2" title="src/app/app.component.ts (template-v2)">
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</code-example>
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Note the `routerLink` binding in the anchor tag.
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The `RouterLink` directive (another of the `RouterModule` directives) is bound to a string
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that tells the router where to navigate when the user clicks the link.
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Since the link is not dynamic, a routing instruction is defined with a one-time binding to the route path.
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Looking back at the route configuration, you can confirm that `'/heroes'` is the path of the route to the `HeroesComponent`.
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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Read more about dynamic router links and the link parameters array
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in the [Appendix: Link Parameters Array](guide/router#link-parameters-array) section of the
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[Routing & Navigation](guide/router) page.
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</div>
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Refresh the browser. The browser displays the app title and heroes link, but not the heroes list.
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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The browser's address bar shows `/`.
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The route path to `HeroesComponent` is `/heroes`, not `/`.
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Soon you'll add a route that matches the path `/`.
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</div>
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Click the *Heroes* navigation link. The address bar updates to `/heroes`
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and the list of heroes displays.
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`AppComponent` now looks like this:
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.1.ts" region="v2" title="src/app/app.component.ts (v2)">
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</code-example>
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The *AppComponent* is now attached to a router and displays routed views.
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For this reason, and to distinguish it from other kinds of components,
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this component type is called a *router component*.
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## Add a dashboard
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Routing only makes sense when multiple views exist.
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To add another view, create a placeholder `DashboardComponent`, which users can navigate to and from.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.1.ts" title="src/app/dashboard.component.ts (v1)">
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</code-example>
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You'll make this component more useful later.
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### Configure the dashboard route
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To teach `app.module.ts` to navigate to the dashboard,
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import the dashboard component and
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add the following route definition to the `Routes` array of definitions.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.3.ts" region="dashboard" title="src/app/app.module.ts (Dashboard route)">
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</code-example>
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Also import and add `DashboardComponent` to the `AppModule`'s `declarations`.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.ts" region="dashboard" title="src/app/app.module.ts (dashboard)">
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</code-example>
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### Add a redirect route
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Currently, the browser launches with `/` in the address bar.
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When the app starts, it should show the dashboard and
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display a `/dashboard` URL in the browser address bar.
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To make this happen, use a redirect route. Add the following
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to the array of route definitions:
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.3.ts" region="redirect" title="src/app/app.module.ts (redirect)">
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</code-example>
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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Read more about *redirects* in the [Redirecting routes](guide/router) section
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of the [Routing & Navigation](guide/router) page.
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</div>
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### Add navigation to the template
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Add a dashboard navigation link to the template, just above the *Heroes* link.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.1.ts" region="template-v3" title="src/app/app.component.ts (template-v3)">
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</code-example>
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<div class="l-sub-section">
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The `<nav>` tags don't do anything yet, but they'll be useful later when you style the links.
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</div>
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In your browser, go to the application root (`/`) and reload.
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The app displays the dashboard and you can navigate between the dashboard and the heroes.
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## Add heroes to the dashboard
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To make the dashboard more interesting, you'll display the top four heroes at a glance.
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Replace the `template` metadata with a `templateUrl` property that points to a new
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template file.
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.ts" region="metadata" title="src/app/dashboard.component.ts (metadata)">
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</code-example>
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Create that file with this content:
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.1.html" title="src/app/dashboard.component.html">
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</code-example>
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`*ngFor` is used again to iterate over a list of heroes and display their names.
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The extra `<div>` elements will help with styling later.
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### Sharing the *HeroService*
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To populate the component's `heroes` array, you can re-use the `HeroService`.
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Earlier, you removed the `HeroService` from the `providers` array of `HeroesComponent`
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and added it to the `providers` array of `AppModule`.
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That move created a singleton `HeroService` instance, available to all components of the app.
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Angular injects `HeroService` and you can use it in the `DashboardComponent`.
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### Get heroes
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In <code>dashboard.component.ts</code>, add the following `import` statements.
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|
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.ts" region="imports" title="src/app/dashboard.component.ts (imports)">
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|
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</code-example>
|
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|
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Now create the `DashboardComponent` class like this:
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|
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<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.ts" region="class" title="src/app/dashboard.component.ts (class)">
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</code-example>
|
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|
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|
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This kind of logic is also used in the `HeroesComponent`:
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* Define a `heroes` array property.
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* Inject the `HeroService` in the constructor and hold it in a private `heroService` field.
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* Call the service to get heroes inside the Angular `ngOnInit()` lifecycle hook.
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In this dashboard you specify four heroes (2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th) with the `Array.slice` method.
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Refresh the browser to see four hero names in the new dashboard.
|
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|
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## Navigating to hero details
|
||
|
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While the details of a selected hero displays at the bottom of the `HeroesComponent`,
|
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users should be able to navigate to the `HeroDetailComponent` in the following additional ways:
|
||
|
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* From the dashboard to a selected hero.
|
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* From the heroes list to a selected hero.
|
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* From a "deep link" URL pasted into the browser address bar.
|
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|
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### Routing to a hero detail
|
||
|
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You can add a route to the `HeroDetailComponent` in `app.module.ts`, where the other routes are configured.
|
||
|
||
The new route is unusual in that you must tell the `HeroDetailComponent` which hero to show.
|
||
You didn't have to tell the `HeroesComponent` or the `DashboardComponent` anything.
|
||
|
||
Currently, the parent `HeroesComponent` sets the component's `hero` property to a
|
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hero object with a binding like this:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example language="html">
|
||
<hero-detail [hero]="selectedHero"></hero-detail>
|
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|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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But this binding won't work in any of the routing scenarios.
|
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|
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### Parameterized route
|
||
|
||
You can add the hero's `id` to the URL. When routing to the hero whose `id` is 11,
|
||
you could expect to see a URL such as this:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example format="nocode">
|
||
/detail/11
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The `/detail/` part of the URL is constant. The trailing numeric `id` changes from hero to hero.
|
||
You need to represent the variable part of the route with a *parameter* (or *token*) that stands for the hero's `id`.
|
||
|
||
### Configure a route with a parameter
|
||
|
||
Use the following *route definition*.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.3.ts" region="hero-detail" title="src/app/app.module.ts (hero detail)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The colon (:) in the path indicates that `:id` is a placeholder for a specific hero `id`
|
||
when navigating to the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Be sure to import the hero detail component before creating this route.
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
You're finished with the app routes.
|
||
|
||
You didn't add a `'Hero Detail'` link to the template because users
|
||
don't click a navigation *link* to view a particular hero;
|
||
they click a *hero name*, whether the name displays on the dashboard or in the heroes list.
|
||
|
||
You don't need to add the hero clicks until the `HeroDetailComponent`
|
||
is revised and ready to be navigated to.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Revise the *HeroDetailComponent*
|
||
|
||
Here's what the `HeroDetailComponent` looks like now:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt4/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (current)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The template won't change. Hero names will display the same way.
|
||
The major changes are driven by how you get hero names.
|
||
|
||
|
||
You'll no longer receive the hero in a parent component property binding.
|
||
The new `HeroDetailComponent` should take the `id` parameter from the `params` Observable
|
||
in the `ActivatedRoute` service and use the `HeroService` to fetch the hero with that `id`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Add the following imports:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.1.ts" region="added-imports" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Inject the `ActivatedRoute`, `HeroService`, and `Location` services
|
||
into the constructor, saving their values in private fields:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" region="ctor" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (constructor)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Import the `switchMap` operator to use later with the route parameters `Observable`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" region="rxjs-import" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (switchMap import)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Tell the class to implement the `OnInit` interface.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" region="implement" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Inside the `ngOnInit()` lifecycle hook, use the `params` Observable to
|
||
extract the `id` parameter value from the `ActivatedRoute` service
|
||
and use the `HeroService` to fetch the hero with that `id`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" region="ngOnInit" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The `switchMap` operator maps the `id` in the Observable route parameters
|
||
to a new `Observable`, the result of the `HeroService.getHero()` method.
|
||
|
||
If a user re-navigates to this component while a `getHero` request is still processing,
|
||
`switchMap` cancels the old request and then calls `HeroService.getHero()` again.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The hero `id` is a number. Route parameters are always strings.
|
||
So the route parameter value is converted to a number with the JavaScript (+) operator.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Do you need to unsubscribe?
|
||
|
||
As described in the [ActivatedRoute: the one-stop-shop for route information](guide/router#activated-route)
|
||
section of the [Routing & Navigation](guide/router) page,
|
||
the `Router` manages the observables it provides and localizes
|
||
the subscriptions. The subscriptions are cleaned up when the component is destroyed, protecting against
|
||
memory leaks, so you don't need to unsubscribe from the route `params` `Observable`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Add *HeroService.getHero()*
|
||
|
||
In the previous code snippet, `HeroService` doesn't have a `getHero()` method. To fix this issue,
|
||
open `HeroService` and add a `getHero()` method that filters the heroes list from `getHeroes()` by `id`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero.service.ts" region="getHero" title="src/app/hero.service.ts (getHero)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Find the way back
|
||
|
||
Users have several ways to navigate *to* the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||
|
||
To navigate somewhere else, users can click one of the two links in the `AppComponent` or click the browser's back button.
|
||
Now add a third option, a `goBack()` method that navigates backward one step in the browser's history stack
|
||
using the `Location` service you injected previously.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" region="goBack" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (goBack)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Going back too far could take users out of the app.
|
||
In a real app, you can prevent this issue with the <em>CanDeactivate</em> guard.
|
||
Read more on the [CanDeactivate](api/router/CanDeactivate) page.
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
You'll wire this method with an event binding to a *Back* button that you'll add to the component template.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.html" region="back-button">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Migrate the template to its own file
|
||
called <code>hero-detail.component.html</code>:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.html" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.html">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Update the component metadata with a `templateUrl` pointing to the template file that you just created.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.ts" region="metadata" title="src/app/hero-detail.component.ts (metadata)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Refresh the browser and see the results.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Select a dashboard hero
|
||
|
||
When a user selects a hero in the dashboard, the app should navigate to the `HeroDetailComponent` to view and edit the selected hero.
|
||
|
||
Although the dashboard heroes are presented as button-like blocks, they should behave like anchor tags.
|
||
When hovering over a hero block, the target URL should display in the browser status bar
|
||
and the user should be able to copy the link or open the hero detail view in a new tab.
|
||
|
||
To achieve this effect, reopen `dashboard.component.html` and replace the repeated `<div *ngFor...>` tags
|
||
with `<a>` tags. Change the opening `<a>` tag to the following:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.html" region="click" title="src/app/dashboard.component.html (repeated <a> tag)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Notice the `[routerLink]` binding.
|
||
As described in the [Router links](tutorial/toh-pt5#router-links) section of this page,
|
||
top-level navigation in the `AppComponent` template has router links set to fixed paths of the
|
||
destination routes, "/dashboard" and "/heroes".
|
||
|
||
This time, you're binding to an expression containing a *link parameters array*.
|
||
The array has two elements: the *path* of
|
||
the destination route and a *route parameter* set to the value of the current hero's `id`.
|
||
|
||
The two array items align with the *path* and *:id*
|
||
token in the parameterized hero detail route definition that you added to
|
||
`app.module.ts` earlier:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.3.ts" region="hero-detail" title="src/app/app.module.ts (hero detail)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Refresh the browser and select a hero from the dashboard; the app navigates to that hero’s details.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Refactor routes to a _Routing Module_
|
||
|
||
Almost 20 lines of `AppModule` are devoted to configuring four routes.
|
||
Most applications have many more routes and they add guard services
|
||
to protect against unwanted or unauthorized navigations.
|
||
(Read more about guard services in the [Route Guards](guide/router#guards)
|
||
section of the [Routing & Navigation](guide/router) page.)
|
||
Routing considerations could quickly dominate this module and obscure its primary purpose, which is to
|
||
establish key facts about the entire app for the Angular compiler.
|
||
|
||
It's a good idea to refactor the routing configuration into its own class.
|
||
The current `RouterModule.forRoot()` produces an Angular `ModuleWithProviders`,
|
||
a class dedicated to routing should be a *routing module*.
|
||
For more information, see the [Milestone #2: The Routing Module](guide/router#routing-module)
|
||
section of the [Routing & Navigation](guide/router) page.
|
||
|
||
By convention, a routing module name contains the word "Routing" and
|
||
aligns with the name of the module that declares the components navigated to.
|
||
|
||
Create an `app-routing.module.ts` file as a sibling to `app.module.ts`.
|
||
Give it the following contents, extracted from the `AppModule` class:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" title="src/app/app-routing.module.ts">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The following points are typical of routing modules:
|
||
|
||
* The Routing Module pulls the routes into a variable. The variable clarifies the
|
||
routing module pattern in case you export the module in the future.
|
||
* The Routing Module adds `RouterModule.forRoot(routes)` to `imports`.
|
||
* The Routing Module adds `RouterModule` to `exports` so that the
|
||
components in the companion module have access to Router declarables,
|
||
such as `RouterLink` and `RouterOutlet`.
|
||
* There are no `declarations`. Declarations are the responsibility of the companion module.
|
||
* If you have guard services, the Routing Module adds module `providers`. (There are none in this example.)
|
||
|
||
### Update *AppModule*
|
||
|
||
Delete the routing configuration from `AppModule` and import the `AppRoutingModule`.
|
||
Use an ES2015 `import` statement *and* add it to the `NgModule.imports` list.
|
||
|
||
Here is the revised `AppModule`, compared to its pre-refactor state:
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
<code-pane path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.ts" title="src/app/app.module.ts (after)"></code-pane>
|
||
<code-pane path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.module.3.ts" title="src/app/app.module.ts (before)"></code-pane>
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
The revised and simplified `AppModule` is focused on identifying the key pieces of the app.
|
||
|
||
## Select a hero in the *HeroesComponent*
|
||
|
||
In the `HeroesComponent`,
|
||
the current template exhibits a "master/detail" style with the list of heroes
|
||
at the top and details of the selected hero below.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt4/src/app/app.component.ts" region="template" title="src/app/heroes.component.ts (current template)" linenums="false">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Delete the `<h1>` at the top.
|
||
|
||
Delete the last line of the template with the `<hero-detail>` tags.
|
||
|
||
You'll no longer show the full `HeroDetailComponent` here.
|
||
Instead, you'll display the hero detail on its own page and route to it as you did in the dashboard.
|
||
|
||
However, when users select a hero from the list, they won't go to the detail page.
|
||
Instead, they'll see a mini detail on *this* page and have to click a button to navigate to the *full detail* page.
|
||
|
||
### Add the *mini detail*
|
||
|
||
Add the following HTML fragment at the bottom of the template where the `<hero-detail>` used to be:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.html" region="mini-detail" title="src/app/heroes.component.ts">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
After clicking a hero, users should see something like this below the hero list:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img src='generated/images/guide/toh/mini-hero-detail.png' alt="Mini Hero Detail">
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Format with the uppercase pipe
|
||
|
||
The hero's name is displayed in capital letters because of the `uppercase` pipe
|
||
that's included in the interpolation binding, right after the pipe operator ( | ).
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.html" region="pipe">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Pipes are a good way to format strings, currency amounts, dates and other display data.
|
||
Angular ships with several pipes and you can write your own.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Read more about pipes on the [Pipes](guide/pipes) page.
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Move content out of the component file
|
||
|
||
You still have to update the component class to support navigation to the
|
||
`HeroDetailComponent` when users click the *View Details* button.
|
||
|
||
The component file is big.
|
||
It's difficult to find the component logic amidst the noise of HTML and CSS.
|
||
|
||
Before making any more changes, migrate the template and styles to their own files.
|
||
|
||
First, move the template contents from `heroes.component.ts`
|
||
into a new <code>heroes.component.html</code> file.
|
||
Don't copy the backticks. As for `heroes.component.ts`, you'll
|
||
come back to it in a minute. Next, move the
|
||
styles contents into a new <code>heroes.component.css</code> file.
|
||
|
||
The two new files should look like this:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane title="src/app/heroes.component.html" path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.html">
|
||
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane title="src/app/heroes.component.css" path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.css">
|
||
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Now, back in the component metadata for `heroes.component.ts`,
|
||
delete `template` and `styles`, replacing them with
|
||
`templateUrl` and `styleUrls` respectively.
|
||
Set their properties to refer to the new files.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.ts" region="metadata" title="src/app/heroes.component.ts (revised metadata)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The `styleUrls` property is an array of style file names (with paths).
|
||
You could list multiple style files from different locations if you needed them.
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Update the _HeroesComponent_ class
|
||
|
||
The `HeroesComponent` navigates to the `HeroesDetailComponent` in response to a button click.
|
||
The button's click event is bound to a `gotoDetail()` method that navigates _imperatively_
|
||
by telling the router where to go.
|
||
|
||
This approach requires the following changes to the component class:
|
||
|
||
1. Import the `Router` from the Angular router library.
|
||
1. Inject the `Router` in the constructor, along with the `HeroService`.
|
||
1. Implement `gotoDetail()` by calling the router `navigate()` method.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.ts" region="gotoDetail" title="src/app/heroes.component.ts (gotoDetail)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Note that you're passing a two-element *link parameters array*—a
|
||
path and the route parameter—to
|
||
the router `navigate()` method, just as you did in the `[routerLink]` binding
|
||
back in the `DashboardComponent`.
|
||
Here's the revised `HeroesComponent` class:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/heroes.component.ts" region="class" title="src/app/heroes.component.ts (class)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Refresh the browser and start clicking.
|
||
Users can navigate around the app, from the dashboard to hero details and back,
|
||
from heroes list to the mini detail to the hero details and back to the heroes again.
|
||
|
||
You've met all of the navigational requirements that propelled this page.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Style the app
|
||
|
||
The app is functional but it needs styling.
|
||
The dashboard heroes should display in a row of rectangles.
|
||
You've received around 60 lines of CSS for this purpose, including some simple media queries for responsive design.
|
||
|
||
As you now know, adding the CSS to the component `styles` metadata
|
||
would obscure the component logic.
|
||
Instead, edit the CSS in a separate `*.css` file.
|
||
|
||
Add a <code>dashboard.component.css</code> file to the `app` folder and reference
|
||
that file in the component metadata's `styleUrls` array property like this:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.ts" region="css" title="src/app/dashboard.component.ts (styleUrls)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Add stylish hero details
|
||
|
||
You've also been provided with CSS styles specifically for the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||
|
||
Add a <code>hero-detail.component.css</code> to the `app`
|
||
folder and refer to that file inside
|
||
the `styleUrls` array as you did for `DashboardComponent`.
|
||
Also, in `hero-detail.component.ts`, remove the `hero` property `@Input` decorator
|
||
and its import.
|
||
|
||
Here's the content for the component CSS files.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane title="src/app/hero-detail.component.css" path="toh-pt5/src/app/hero-detail.component.css">
|
||
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
<code-pane title="src/app/dashboard.component.css" path="toh-pt5/src/app/dashboard.component.css">
|
||
|
||
</code-pane>
|
||
|
||
</code-tabs>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Style the navigation links
|
||
|
||
The provided CSS makes the navigation links in the `AppComponent` look more like selectable buttons.
|
||
You'll surround those links in `<nav>` tags.
|
||
|
||
Add an <code>app.component.css</code> file to the `app` folder with the following content.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.css" title="src/app/app.component.css (navigation styles)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
**The *routerLinkActive* directive**
|
||
|
||
The Angular router provides a `routerLinkActive` directive you can use to
|
||
add a class to the HTML navigation element whose route matches the active route.
|
||
All you have to do is define the style for it.
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.ts" region="template" title="src/app/app.component.ts (active router links)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Add a `styleUrls` property that refers to this CSS file as follows:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/app/app.component.ts" region="styleUrls" title="src/app/app.component.ts">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Global application styles
|
||
|
||
When you add styles to a component, you keep everything a component needs—HTML,
|
||
the CSS, the code—together in one convenient place.
|
||
It's easy to package it all up and re-use the component somewhere else.
|
||
|
||
You can also create styles at the *application level* outside of any component.
|
||
|
||
The designers provided some basic styles to apply to elements across the entire app.
|
||
These correspond to the full set of master styles that you installed earlier during [setup](guide/setup).
|
||
Here's an excerpt:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/styles.css" region="toh" title="src/styles.css (excerpt)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Create the file <code>styles.css</code>.
|
||
Ensure that the file contains the [master styles provided here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/angular/angular/master/aio/tools/examples/shared/boilerplate/src/styles.css).
|
||
Also edit <code>index.html</code> to refer to this stylesheet.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<code-example path="toh-pt5/src/index.html" region="css" title="src/index.html (link ref)">
|
||
|
||
</code-example>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Look at the app now. The dashboard, heroes, and navigation links are styled.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img src='generated/images/guide/toh/heroes-dashboard-1.png' alt="View navigations">
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Application structure and code
|
||
|
||
Review the sample source code in the <live-example></live-example> for this page.
|
||
Verify that you have the following structure:
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class='filetree'>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
angular-tour-of-heroes
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='children'>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
src
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='children'>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
app
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='children'>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
app.component.css
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
app.component.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
app.module.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
app-routing.module.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
dashboard.component.css
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
dashboard.component.html
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
dashboard.component.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
hero.service.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
hero.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
hero-detail.component.css
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
hero-detail.component.html
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
hero-detail.component.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
heroes.component.css
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
heroes.component.html
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
heroes.component.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
mock-heroes.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
main.ts
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
index.html
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
styles.css
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
systemjs.config.js
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
tsconfig.json
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
node_modules ...
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class='file'>
|
||
package.json
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## The road you’ve travelled
|
||
Here's what you achieved in this page:
|
||
|
||
* You added the Angular router to navigate among different components.
|
||
* You learned how to create router links to represent navigation menu items.
|
||
* You used router link parameters to navigate to the details of the user-selected hero.
|
||
* You shared the `HeroService` among multiple components.
|
||
* You moved HTML and CSS out of the component file and into their own files.
|
||
* You added the `uppercase` pipe to format data.
|
||
|
||
Your app should look like this <live-example></live-example>.
|
||
|
||
### The road ahead
|
||
|
||
You have much of the foundation you need to build an app.
|
||
You're still missing a key piece: remote data access.
|
||
|
||
In the [next tutorial page](tutorial/toh-pt6 "Http")
|
||
you’ll replace the mock data with data retrieved from a server using http.
|