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angular-docs-cn/aio/content/guide/cheatsheet.md
Stefanie Fluin e9db74f937 fix(aio): style mods and content udpates (#16138) 
Fixed capitalization in sidenav menu items
Add min height property to sidenav-content for better viewing on short pages or high resolution screens
Add dividier between change log items as before to h2
Table adjustments to reduce off-screen items
Update home page banner text and icon change, and fix banner img and mobile alignment
Fix and add links in doc landing page and change card footer text to reflect correct name
Removed docs landing page to rebase with master

PR Close #16138
2017-04-19 22:35:12 -05:00

20 KiB
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@title Cheat Sheet

@description

Bootstrapping

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

Bootstraps the app, using the root component from the specified NgModule.

NgModules

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';

@NgModule({ declarations: ..., imports: ...,
     exports: ..., providers: ..., bootstrap: ...})
class MyModule {}

Defines a module that contains components, directives, pipes, and providers.
declarations: [MyRedComponent, MyBlueComponent, MyDatePipe]

List of components, directives, and pipes that belong to this module.
imports: [BrowserModule, SomeOtherModule]

List of modules to import into this module. Everything from the imported modules is available to declarations of this module.
exports: [MyRedComponent, MyDatePipe]

List of components, directives, and pipes visible to modules that import this module.
providers: [MyService, { provide: ... }]

List of dependency injection providers visible both to the contents of this module and to importers of this module.
bootstrap: [MyAppComponent]

List of components to bootstrap when this module is bootstrapped.
Template syntax
<input [value]="firstName">

Binds property value to the result of expression firstName.
<div [attr.role]="myAriaRole">

Binds attribute role to the result of expression myAriaRole.
<div [class.extra-sparkle]="isDelightful">

Binds the presence of the CSS class extra-sparkle on the element to the truthiness of the expression isDelightful.
<div [style.width.px]="mySize">

Binds style property width to the result of expression mySize in pixels. Units are optional.
<button (click)="readRainbow($event)">

Calls method readRainbow when a click event is triggered on this button element (or its children) and passes in the event object.
<div title="Hello {{ponyName}}">

Binds a property to an interpolated string, for example, "Hello Seabiscuit". Equivalent to: <div [title]="'Hello ' + ponyName">
<p>Hello {{ponyName}}</p>

Binds text content to an interpolated string, for example, "Hello Seabiscuit".
<my-cmp [(title)]="name">

Sets up two-way data binding. Equivalent to: <my-cmp [title]="name" (titleChange)="name=$event">
<video #movieplayer ...>
  <button (click)="movieplayer.play()">
</video>

Creates a local variable movieplayer that provides access to the video element instance in data-binding and event-binding expressions in the current template.
<p *myUnless="myExpression">...</p>

The * symbol turns the current element into an embedded template. Equivalent to: <ng-template [myUnless]="myExpression"><p>...</p></ng-template>
<p>Card No.: {{cardNumber | myCardNumberFormatter}}</p>

Transforms the current value of expression cardNumber via the pipe called myCardNumberFormatter.
<p>Employer: {{employer?.companyName}}</p>

The safe navigation operator (?) means that the employer field is optional and if undefined, the rest of the expression should be ignored.
<svg:rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100"/>

An SVG snippet template needs an svg: prefix on its root element to disambiguate the SVG element from an HTML component.
<svg>
  <rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100"/>
</svg>

An <svg> root element is detected as an SVG element automatically, without the prefix.
Built-in directives

import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';

<section *ngIf="showSection">

Removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on the showSection expression.
<li *ngFor="let item of list">

Turns the li element and its contents into a template, and uses that to instantiate a view for each item in list.
<div [ngSwitch]="conditionExpression">
  <ng-template [ngSwitchCase]="case1Exp">...</ng-template>
  <ng-template ngSwitchCase="case2LiteralString">...</ng-template>
  <ng-template ngSwitchDefault>...</ng-template>
</div>

Conditionally swaps the contents of the div by selecting one of the embedded templates based on the current value of conditionExpression.
<div [ngClass]="{active: isActive, disabled: isDisabled}">

Binds the presence of CSS classes on the element to the truthiness of the associated map values. The right-hand expression should return {class-name: true/false} map.
Forms

import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';

<input [(ngModel)]="userName">

Provides two-way data-binding, parsing, and validation for form controls.
Class decorators

import { Directive, ... } from '@angular/core';

@Component({...})
class MyComponent() {}

Declares that a class is a component and provides metadata about the component.
@Directive({...})
class MyDirective() {}

Declares that a class is a directive and provides metadata about the directive.
@Pipe({...})
class MyPipe() {}

Declares that a class is a pipe and provides metadata about the pipe.
@Injectable()
class MyService() {}

Declares that a class has dependencies that should be injected into the constructor when the dependency injector is creating an instance of this class.

Directive configuration

@Directive({ property1: value1, ... })

selector: '.cool-button:not(a)'

Specifies a CSS selector that identifies this directive within a template. Supported selectors include element, [attribute], .class, and :not().

Does not support parent-child relationship selectors.
providers: [MyService, { provide: ... }]

List of dependency injection providers for this directive and its children.
Component configuration

@Component extends @Directive, so the @Directive configuration applies to components as well
moduleId: module.id

If set, the templateUrl and styleUrl are resolved relative to the component.
viewProviders: [MyService, { provide: ... }]

List of dependency injection providers scoped to this component's view.
template: 'Hello {{name}}'
templateUrl: 'my-component.html'

Inline template or external template URL of the component's view.
styles: ['.primary {color: red}']
styleUrls: ['my-component.css']

List of inline CSS styles or external stylesheet URLs for styling the component’s view.
Class field decorators for directives and components

import { Input, ... } from '@angular/core';

@Input() myProperty;

Declares an input property that you can update via property binding (example: <my-cmp [myProperty]="someExpression">).
@Output() myEvent = new EventEmitter();

Declares an output property that fires events that you can subscribe to with an event binding (example: <my-cmp (myEvent)="doSomething()">).
@HostBinding('class.valid') isValid;

Binds a host element property (here, the CSS class valid) to a directive/component property (isValid).
@HostListener('click', ['$event']) onClick(e) {...}

Subscribes to a host element event (click) with a directive/component method (onClick), optionally passing an argument ($event).
@ContentChild(myPredicate) myChildComponent;

Binds the first result of the component content query (myPredicate) to a property (myChildComponent) of the class.
@ContentChildren(myPredicate) myChildComponents;

Binds the results of the component content query (myPredicate) to a property (myChildComponents) of the class.
@ViewChild(myPredicate) myChildComponent;

Binds the first result of the component view query (myPredicate) to a property (myChildComponent) of the class. Not available for directives.
@ViewChildren(myPredicate) myChildComponents;

Binds the results of the component view query (myPredicate) to a property (myChildComponents) of the class. Not available for directives.
Directive and component change detection and lifecycle hooks

(implemented as class methods)

constructor(myService: MyService, ...) { ... }

Called before any other lifecycle hook. Use it to inject dependencies, but avoid any serious work here.
ngOnChanges(changeRecord) { ... }

Called after every change to input properties and before processing content or child views.
ngOnInit() { ... }

Called after the constructor, initializing input properties, and the first call to ngOnChanges.
ngDoCheck() { ... }

Called every time that the input properties of a component or a directive are checked. Use it to extend change detection by performing a custom check.
ngAfterContentInit() { ... }

Called after ngOnInit when the component's or directive's content has been initialized.
ngAfterContentChecked() { ... }

Called after every check of the component's or directive's content.
ngAfterViewInit() { ... }

Called after ngAfterContentInit when the component's view has been initialized. Applies to components only.
ngAfterViewChecked() { ... }

Called after every check of the component's view. Applies to components only.
ngOnDestroy() { ... }

Called once, before the instance is destroyed.
Dependency injection configuration
{ provide: MyService, useClass: MyMockService }

Sets or overrides the provider for MyService to the MyMockService class.
{ provide: MyService, useFactory: myFactory }

Sets or overrides the provider for MyService to the myFactory factory function.
{ provide: MyValue, useValue: 41 }

Sets or overrides the provider for MyValue to the value 41.
Routing and navigation

import { Routes, RouterModule, ... } from '@angular/router';

const routes: Routes = [
  { path: '', component: HomeComponent },
  { path: 'path/:routeParam', component: MyComponent },
  { path: 'staticPath', component: ... },
  { path: '**', component: ... },
  { path: 'oldPath', redirectTo: '/staticPath' },
  { path: ..., component: ..., data: { message: 'Custom' } }
]);

const routing = RouterModule.forRoot(routes);

Configures routes for the application. Supports static, parameterized, redirect, and wildcard routes. Also supports custom route data and resolve.

<router-outlet></router-outlet>
<router-outlet name="aux"></router-outlet>

Marks the location to load the component of the active route.

<a routerLink="/path">
<a [routerLink]="[ '/path', routeParam ]">
<a [routerLink]="[ '/path', { matrixParam: 'value' } ]">
<a [routerLink]="[ '/path' ]" [queryParams]="{ page: 1 }">
<a [routerLink]="[ '/path' ]" fragment="anchor">

Creates a link to a different view based on a route instruction consisting of a route path, required and optional parameters, query parameters, and a fragment. To navigate to a root route, use the / prefix; for a child route, use the ./prefix; for a sibling or parent, use the ../ prefix.
<a [routerLink]="[ '/path' ]" routerLinkActive="active">

The provided classes are added to the element when the routerLink becomes the current active route.
class CanActivateGuard implements CanActivate {
    canActivate(
      route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
      state: RouterStateSnapshot
    ): Observable<boolean>|Promise<boolean>|boolean { ... }
}

{ path: ..., canActivate: [CanActivateGuard] }

An interface for defining a class that the router should call first to determine if it should activate this component. Should return a boolean or an Observable/Promise that resolves to a boolean.
class CanDeactivateGuard implements CanDeactivate<T> {
    canDeactivate(
      component: T,
      route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
      state: RouterStateSnapshot
    ): Observable<boolean>|Promise<boolean>|boolean { ... }
}

{ path: ..., canDeactivate: [CanDeactivateGuard] }

An interface for defining a class that the router should call first to determine if it should deactivate this component after a navigation. Should return a boolean or an Observable/Promise that resolves to a boolean.
class CanActivateChildGuard implements CanActivateChild {
    canActivateChild(
      route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
      state: RouterStateSnapshot
    ): Observable<boolean>|Promise<boolean>|boolean { ... }
}

{ path: ..., canActivateChild: [CanActivateGuard],
    children: ... }

An interface for defining a class that the router should call first to determine if it should activate the child route. Should return a boolean or an Observable/Promise that resolves to a boolean.
class ResolveGuard implements Resolve<T> {
    resolve(
      route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
      state: RouterStateSnapshot
    ): Observable<any>|Promise<any>|any { ... }
}

{ path: ..., resolve: [ResolveGuard] }

An interface for defining a class that the router should call first to resolve route data before rendering the route. Should return a value or an Observable/Promise that resolves to a value.
class CanLoadGuard implements CanLoad {
    canLoad(
      route: Route
    ): Observable<boolean>|Promise<boolean>|boolean { ... }
}

{ path: ..., canLoad: [CanLoadGuard], loadChildren: ... }

An interface for defining a class that the router should call first to check if the lazy loaded module should be loaded. Should return a boolean or an Observable/Promise that resolves to a boolean.